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Pepino MMC, Manalili SE, Sekida S, Mezaki T, Okumura T, Kubota S. Gene expression profiles of Japanese precious coral Corallium japonicum during gametogenesis. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17182. [PMID: 38646482 PMCID: PMC11027906 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Corallium japonicum, a prized resource in Japan, plays a vital role in traditional arts and fishing industries. Because of diminished stock due to overexploitation, ongoing efforts are focused on restoration through transplantation. This study aimed to enhance our understanding of the reproductive biology of these valuable corals and find more efficient methods for sex determination, which may significantly contribute to conservation initiatives. Methods We used 12 three-month aquarium reared C. japonicum colony fragments, conducted histological analysis for maturity and sex verification, and performed transcriptome analysis via de novo assembly and mapping using the C. rubrum transcriptome to explore gene expression differences between female and male C. japonicum. Results Our histological observations enabled sex identification in 33% of incompletely mature samples. However, the sex of the remaining 67% of samples, classified as immature, could not be identified. RNA-seq yielded approximately 21-31 million short reads from 12 samples. De novo assembly yielded 404,439 highly expressed transcripts. Among them, 855 showed significant differential expression, with 786 differentially expressed transcripts between females and males. Heatmap analysis highlighted 283 female-specific and 525 male-specific upregulated transcripts. Transcriptome assembly mapped to C. rubrum yielded 28,092 contigs, leading to the identification of 190 highly differentially expressed genes, with 113 upregulated exclusively in females and 70 upregulated exclusively in males. Blastp analysis provided putative protein annotations for 83 female and 72 male transcripts. Annotation analysis revealed that female biological processes were related to oocyte proliferation and reproduction, whereas those in males were associated with cell adhesion. Discussion Transcriptome analysis revealed sex-specific gene upregulation in incompletely mature C. japonicum and shared transcripts with C. rubrum, providing insight into its gene expression patterns. This study highlights the importance of using both de novo and reference-based assembly methods. Functional enrichment analysis showed that females exhibited enrichment in cell proliferation and reproduction pathways, while males exhibited enrichment in cell adhesion pathways. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the gene expressions of each sex during the spawning season. Our findings offer valuable insights into the physiological ecology of incompletely mature red Japanese precious corals and suggest a method for identifying sex using various genes expressed in female and male individuals. In the future, techniques such as transplantation, artificial fertilization, and larval rearing may involve sex determination methods based on differences in gene expression to help conserve precious coral resources and ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ma. Marivic Capitle Pepino
- Kuroshio Science Program, Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan
| | - Sam Edward Manalili
- Kuroshio Science Program, Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan
| | - Satoko Sekida
- Kuroshio Science Unit, Multidisciplinary Science Cluster, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan
| | - Takuma Mezaki
- Kuroshio Biological Research Foundation, Otsuki, Kochi, Japan
| | - Tomoyo Okumura
- Marine Core Research Institute, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kubota
- Kuroshio Science Unit, Multidisciplinary Science Cluster, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan
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Kawamura K, Shoguchi E, Nishitsuji K, Sekida S, Narisoko H, Zhao H, Shu Y, Fu P, Yamashita H, Fujiwara S, Satoh N. In Vitro Phagocytosis of Different Dinoflagellate Species by Coral Cells. Zoolog Sci 2023; 40:444-454. [PMID: 38064371 DOI: 10.2108/zs230045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Coral-dinoflagellate symbiosis is a unique biological phenomenon, in which animal cells engulf single-celled photosynthetic algae and maintain them in their cytoplasm mutualistically. Studies are needed to reveal the complex mechanisms involved in symbiotic processes, but it is difficult to answer these questions using intact corals. To tackle these issues, our previous studies established an in vitro system of symbiosis between cells of the scleractinian coral Acropora tenuis and the dinoflagellate Breviolum minutum, and showed that corals direct phagocytosis, while algae are likely engulfed by coral cells passively. Several genera of the family Symbiodiniaceae can establish symbioses with corals, but the symbiotic ratio differs depending on the dinoflagellate clades involved. To understand possible causes of these differences, this study examined whether cultured coral cells show phagocytotic activity with various dinoflagellate strains similar to those shown by intact A. tenuis. We found that (a) A. tenuis larvae incorporate Symbiodinium and Breviolum, but not Cladocopium, and very few Effrenium, (b) cultured coral cells engulfed all four species but the ratio of engulfment was significantly higher with Symbiodinium and Breviolum than Cladocopium and Effrenium, (c) cultured coral cells also phagocytosed inorganic latex beads differently than they do dinoflagellates . It is likely that cultured coral cells preferentially phagocytose Symbiodinium and Breviolum, suggesting that specific molecular mechanisms involved in initiation of symbiosis should be investigated in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaz Kawamura
- Department of Applied Science, Kochi University, Kochi 780-8520, Japan,
| | - Eiichi Shoguchi
- Marine Genomics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Koki Nishitsuji
- Marine Genomics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Satoko Sekida
- Kuroshio Science Program, Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Kochi University, Kochi 780-8520, Japan
| | - Haruhi Narisoko
- Marine Genomics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Hongwei Zhao
- College of Ecology and Environment & State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Yang Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Pengcheng Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Hiroshi Yamashita
- Fisheries Technology Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Ishigaki, Okinawa 907-0451, Japan
| | - Shigeki Fujiwara
- Department of Applied Science, Kochi University, Kochi 780-8520, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Satoh
- Marine Genomics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan,
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Mine I, Sekida S. Fibrous matrix component of cell wall in the giant-celled green alga Valonia utricularis observed by atomic force microscopy in liquid. Protoplasma 2018; 255:1575-1579. [PMID: 29675564 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-018-1251-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The cell walls of the giant-celled green alga Valonia exhibit the "crossed-fibril" arrangement of cellulose microfibrils (CMFs). The existence of fibrous matrix components coiling around the CMFs was recently reported using atomic force microscopy (AFM). To understand the biological role of this fibrous wall component, we attempted to reveal the detailed morphology of the fibrous structure of the cell walls isolated from V. utricularis specimens in artificial seawater (ASW), by using an improved method of AFM. We also investigated the effect of incubation in an acidic environment that had been known to make the cell walls liable to separate into layers, on the morphology of the fibrous structures. Thin, fibrous structures were found to entangle around a single CMF or multiple adjacent CMFs, the thickness of which was 0.85 nm on average. Incubation in acidic ASW (pH 4), greatly modified the morphology of the fibrous structures in quality and quantity, compared with those incubated in the original ASW (pH 8). Thickness of the fibrous structures was increased to 4.63 nm on average, remarkable deformations were observed, and the density of the structures was reduced to less than half by incubation in the acidic ASW. In addition, same fibrous structures extended over CMFs and forming aggregates were observed on the surface of the cell wall layers separated artificially. Fluorescence microscopy of cell walls treated with Vicia villosa lectin conjugated with fluorescein isothiocyanate showed specific labelling of cell wall regions where the fibrous structures were present abundantly as observed by AFM. From these observations, it can be assumed that the fibrous structures of V. utricularis are the matrix component of the cell wall containing N-acetylgalactosamine, involved in the maintenance of the cell wall integrity through bonding the neighboring cell wall layers, and their morphology and function of V. utricularis are sensitive to acidic pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ichiro Mine
- Graduate School of Kuroshio Science, Kochi University, 2-5-1, Akebono-cho, Kochi, 780-8520, Japan.
| | - Satoko Sekida
- Graduate School of Kuroshio Science, Kochi University, 2-5-1, Akebono-cho, Kochi, 780-8520, Japan
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Mine I, Kinoshita U, Kawashima S, Sekida S. Cell wall layers delimit cell groups derived from cell division in the foliose trebouxiophycean alga Prasiola japonica. Protoplasma 2018; 255:1253-1256. [PMID: 29357043 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-018-1206-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The cells in the foliose thallus of trebouxiophycean alga Prasiola japonica apparently develop into 2 × 2 cell groups composed of two two-celled groups, each of which is a pair of derivative cells of the latest cell division. In the present study, the structural features of cell walls of the alga P. japonica concerning the formation of the cell groups were investigated using histochemical methods. Thin cell layers stained by Calcofluor White appeared to envelope the two-celled and four-celled groups separately and, hence, separated them from neighboring cell groups, and the Calcofluor White-negative gaps between neighboring four-celled groups were specifically stained by lectins, such as soybean agglutinin, jacalin, and Vicia villosa lectin conjugated with fluorescein. These results indicated that the Calcofluor White-positive cell wall layer of parent cell that existed during two successive cell divisions structurally distinguished two-celled and four-celled groups from others in this alga. Moreover, the results suggested that the cell wall components of the Calcofluor White-negative gaps would possibly contribute to the formation of the planar thallus through lateral union of the cell groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ichiro Mine
- Graduate School of Kuroshio Science, Kochi University, 2-5-1, Akebono-cho, Kochi, 780-8520, Japan.
| | - Urara Kinoshita
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Kochi University, 2-5-1, Akebono-cho, Kochi, 780-8520, Japan
| | - Shigetaka Kawashima
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Kochi University, 2-5-1, Akebono-cho, Kochi, 780-8520, Japan
| | - Satoko Sekida
- Graduate School of Kuroshio Science, Kochi University, 2-5-1, Akebono-cho, Kochi, 780-8520, Japan
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5
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Affiliation(s)
- Ichiro Mine
- Graduate School of Kuroshio Science, Kochi University
| | - Sho Suzuki
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Kochi University
| | - Kun-Feng Li
- Graduate School of Kuroshio Science, Kochi University
| | - Satoko Sekida
- Graduate School of Kuroshio Science, Kochi University
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Kawamura K, Yoshida T, Sekida S. Autophagic dedifferentiation induced by cooperation between TOR inhibitor and retinoic acid signals in budding tunicates. Dev Biol 2017; 433:384-393. [PMID: 29291982 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2017.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 08/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Asexual bud development in the budding tunicate Polyandrocarpa misakiensis involves transdifferentiation of multipotent epithelial cells, which is triggered by retinoic acid (RA), and thrives under starvation after bud isolation from the parent. This study aimed to determine cell and molecular mechanisms of dedifferentiation that occur during the early stage of transdifferentiation. During dedifferentiation, the numbers of autophagosomes, lysosomes, and secondary lysosomes increased remarkably. Mitochondrial degradation and exosome discharge also occurred in the atrial epithelium. Autophagy-related gene 7 (Atg7) and lysosomal proton pump A gene (PumpA) were activated during the dedifferentiation stage. When target of rapamycin (TOR) inhibitor was administered to growing buds without isolating them from the parent, phagosomes and secondary lysosomes became prominent. TOR inhibitor induced Atg7 only in the presence of RA. In contrast, when growing buds were treated with RA, lysosomes, secondary lysosomes, and mitochondrial degradation were prematurely induced. RA significantly activated PumpA in a retinoid X receptor-dependent manner. Our results indicate that in P. misakiensis, TOR inhibition and RA signals act in synergy to accomplish cytoplasmic clearance for dedifferentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaz Kawamura
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology, Division of Applied Science, Kochi University, Kochi 780-8520, Japan.
| | - Takuto Yoshida
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology, Division of Applied Science, Kochi University, Kochi 780-8520, Japan
| | - Satoko Sekida
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Graduate School of Kuroshio Science, Kochi University, Kochi 780-8520, Japan
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Taguchi T, Kubota S, Tagami E, Mezaki T, Sekida S, Okuda K, Tominaga A. Molecular Cytogenetic Analysis and Isolation of a 5S rRNA-Related Marker in the Scleractinian Coral Platygyra contorta Veron 1990 (Hexacorallia, Anthozoa, Cnidaria). CYTOLOGIA 2017. [DOI: 10.1508/cytologia.82.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Taguchi
- Division of Human Health and Medical Science, Graduate School of Kuroshio Science, Kochi University
| | - Satoshi Kubota
- Division of Human Health and Medical Science, Graduate School of Kuroshio Science, Kochi University
| | - Erika Tagami
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Kochi Medical School
| | | | - Satoko Sekida
- Division of Marine Bioresources, Graduate School of Kuroshio Science, Kochi University
| | - Kazuo Okuda
- Division of Marine Bioresources, Graduate School of Kuroshio Science, Kochi University
| | - Akira Tominaga
- Division of Human Health and Medical Science, Graduate School of Kuroshio Science, Kochi University
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Kochi Medical School
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Sekida S, Iwasaki N, Okuda K. Gonadal Morphology and Gametogenesis in Japanese Red Coral Corallium japonicum (Octocorallia: Alcyonacea) Collected off Cape Ashizuri, Japan. Zoolog Sci 2016; 33:320-36. [PMID: 27268987 DOI: 10.2108/zs150140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Colonies of the Japanese red coral Corallium japonicum Kishinouye, 1903 collected off Cape Ashizuri, Japan were gonochoric and produced gonads in siphonozooids annually, mainly during the spring season. Polyp anatomy, gonadal morphology and gametogenesis in this species were revealed by light and electron microscopy. A siphonozooid had a pharynx with a prominent siphonoglyph and eight mesenteries: two sulcal, two asulcal, and four lateral. A rudimentary retractor was found on one side of each mesoglea of these mesenteries. The retractor arrangement in the siphonozooid was reverse of what was described in the autozooids of octocorals. Gonads initiated as small protrusions on the mesenteries, except in the asulcal ones, and even at an incipient stage they were covered with a sac-shaped thin layer of mesoglea, which was continuous with the mesoglea of mesenteries. Gastrodermis enveloped the complete outer surface of the thin layer of mesoglea throughout gametogenesis in both oocytes and sperm cysts. Oocytes produced many microvilli on their cortical surfaces beneath the thin layer of mesoglea concomitantly with the accumulation of lipid globules in the cells, whereas in sperm cysts spermatocytes and spermatids increased in number without microvilli production, followed by synchronous spermiogenesis involving remarkable changes in the shape and position of organelles. Based on the comparison of patterns in gonadal development between octocorals including C. japonicum, hexacorals and scyphozoans, octocoral and stauromedusa species may be characterized by the fact that gametogenesis never occurs in the matrix of mesoglea, but rather exclusively within the thin sac of mesoglea surrounded by gastrodermis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoko Sekida
- 1 Graduate School of Kuroshio Science, Kochi University, 2-5-1 Akebono-cho, Kochi 780-8520, Japan
| | - Nozomu Iwasaki
- 2 Faculty of Geo-Environmental Science, Rissho University, 1700 Magechi, Kumagaya, Saitama 360-0194, Japan
| | - Kazuo Okuda
- 1 Graduate School of Kuroshio Science, Kochi University, 2-5-1 Akebono-cho, Kochi 780-8520, Japan
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Taguchi T, Kubota S, Mezaki T, Tagami E, Sekida S, Nakachi S, Okuda K, Tominaga A. Identification of homogeneously staining regions by G-banding and chromosome microdissection, and FISH marker selection using human Alu sequence primers in a scleractinian coral Coelastrea aspera Verrill, 1866 (Cnidaria). Comp Cytogenet 2016; 10:61-75. [PMID: 27186338 PMCID: PMC4856926 DOI: 10.3897/compcytogen.v10i1.5699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Karyotype analysis was performed on the scleractinian coral Coelastrea aspera Verrill, 1866, commonly found along temperate coasts in Japan (30-35°N) and in coastal waters in the Indian and Pacific oceans. G-banding of Coelastrea aspera was successfully performed, although the banding pattern was not as clear as that in mammals. The karyogram clearly revealed that this coral had a homogeneously staining region (hsr) in chromosome 11. This hsr consisted of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) related genes, which was demonstrated by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with probes generated using 28S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) primers and those generated through chromosome microdissection. In addition, we conducted silver-stained nucleolus organizer region (Ag-NOR) analysis and found Ag depositions in the interphase nuclei but not on rRNA gene loci and hsr(s) in the mitotic stage. The hsr of this coral was observed in approximately 50% of the metaphase spreads analyzed. This may explain the diversity of coral rDNA based on the molecular study of sequence analysis. Furthermore, it was discovered that human telomere and Alu repeated sequences were present in this Coelastrea aspera. Probes derived from human Alu sequences are expected to play an important role in the classification of corals. Overall, our data can be of great value in discriminating among scleractinian coral species and understanding their genetics, including chromosomal evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Taguchi
- Division of Human Health and Medical Science, Graduate School of Kuroshio Science, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8505, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kubota
- Division of Human Health and Medical Science, Graduate School of Kuroshio Science, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8505, Japan
| | - Takuma Mezaki
- Kuroshio Biological Research Foundation, Otsuki, Hata County, Kochi 788-0333, Japan
| | - Erika Tagami
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University
| | - Satoko Sekida
- Division of Marine Bioresources, Graduate School of Kuroshio Science, Kochi University, 2-5-1 Akebono-cho, Kochi 780-8520, Japan
| | - Shu Nakachi
- Kuroshio Biological Research Foundation, Otsuki, Hata County, Kochi 788-0333, Japan
| | - Kazuo Okuda
- Division of Marine Bioresources, Graduate School of Kuroshio Science, Kochi University, 2-5-1 Akebono-cho, Kochi 780-8520, Japan
| | - Akira Tominaga
- Division of Human Health and Medical Science, Graduate School of Kuroshio Science, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8505, Japan
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University
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10
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Affiliation(s)
- Ichiro Mine
- Graduate School of Kuroshio Science, Kochi University
| | - Takeshi Yamasaki
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Kochi University
| | - Satoko Sekida
- Graduate School of Kuroshio Science, Kochi University
| | - Kazuo Okuda
- Graduate School of Kuroshio Science, Kochi University
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Camaya AP, Sekida S, Okuda K. Changes in the Ultrastructures of the Coral Pocillopora damicornis after Exposure to High Temperature, Ultraviolet and Far-Red Radiation. CYTOLOGIA 2016. [DOI: 10.1508/cytologia.81.465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alex Pulvinar Camaya
- Graduate School of Kuroshio Science, Kochi University
- Coastal Resource Management Unit, Bicol University Tabaco Campus
| | - Satoko Sekida
- Graduate School of Kuroshio Science, Kochi University
| | - Kazuo Okuda
- Graduate School of Kuroshio Science, Kochi University
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Kawamura K, Kinoshita M, Sekida S, Sunanaga T. Histone methylation codes involved in stemness, multipotency, and senescence in budding tunicates. Mech Ageing Dev 2014; 145:1-12. [PMID: 25543066 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2014.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Revised: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We examined the dynamics of nuclear histone H3 trimethylation related to cell differentiation and aging in a budding tunicate, Polyandrocarpa misakiensis. Throughout zooidal life, multipotent epithelial and coelomic cell nuclei showed strong trimethylation signals at H3 lysine27 (H3K27me3), consistent with the results of western blotting. Epidermal H3K27me3 repeatedly appeared in protruding buds and disappeared in senescent adult zooids. The budding-specific cytostatic factor TC14-3 allowed aging epidermal cells to restore H3K27me3 signals and mitochondrial gene activities via mitochondrial transcription factor a, all of which were made ineffective by an H3K27me3 inhibitor. Chromatin immunoprecipitation showed that TC14-3 enhances H3K27me3 of transdifferentiation-related genes and consequently downregulates the expression of these genes. In contrast, trimethylation signals at H3 lysine4 (H3K4me3) appeared transiently in transdifferentiating bud cells and stably lasted in undifferentiated adult cells without affecting H3K27me3. A transdifferentiation-related gene external signal-regulated kinase heavily underwent H3K4me3 in developing buds, which could be reproduced by retinoic acid. These results indicate that in P. misakiensis, TC14-3-driven H3K27 trimethylation is a default state of bud and zooid cells, which serves as the histone code for cell longevity. H3K27me3 and H3K4me3 double-positive signals are involved in cell stemness, and absence of signals is the indication of senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaz Kawamura
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Kochi University, Kochi 780-8520, Japan.
| | - Miyuki Kinoshita
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Kochi University, Kochi 780-8520, Japan
| | - Satoko Sekida
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Graduate School of Kuroshio Science, Kochi University, Kochi 780-8520, Japan
| | - Takeshi Sunanaga
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Kochi University, Kochi 780-8520, Japan
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13
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Taguchi T, Mezaki T, Iwase F, Sekida S, Kubota S, Fukami H, Okuda K, Shinbo T, Oshima SI, Iiguni Y, Testa JR, Tominaga A. Molecular cytogenetic analysis of the scleractinian coral Acropora solitaryensis Veron & Wallace 1984. Zoolog Sci 2014; 31:89-94. [PMID: 24521318 DOI: 10.2108/zsj.31.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We performed a molecular cytogenetic investigation of the scleractinian coral Acropora solitaryensis, which is dominant in the temperate region of Japan (30-35°N). Molecular cytogenetic analysis, using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), was carried out for karyotyping and gene mapping. We propose the karyotype of this coral (2n = 30) based on C-banding and FISH analyses. FISH mapping of the rRNA gene was carried out with a probe generated by PCR amplification using rRNA gene primers. Furthermore, the telomeres and centromeres of all chromosomes were visualized using FISH. By comparative genomic hybridization using DNA from sperm and unfertilized eggs of this coral, we offer evidence suggesting the existence of sex chromosomes in this species. Collectively, these data advance our understanding of coral genetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Taguchi
- 1 Division of Human Health and Medical Science, Graduate School of Kuroshio Science, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8505, Japan
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Elvira PR, Sekida S, Okuda K. Inducible growth mode switches influence Valonia rhizoid differentiation. Protoplasma 2013; 250:407-414. [PMID: 22307207 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-012-0381-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2011] [Accepted: 01/23/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Cell differentiation and cell type commitment are an integral part of plant growth and development. Investigations on how environmental conditions affect the formation of shoots, roots, and rhizoids can help illustrate how plants determine cell fate and overall morphology. In this study, we evaluated the role of substratum and light on rhizoid differentiation in the coenocytic green alga, Valonia aegagropila. Elongating rhizoids displayed varying growth modes and cell shape upon exposure to different substrata and light conditions. It was found that soft substrata and dark incubation promoted rhizoid elongation via tip growth while subsequent exposure to light prevented tip growth and instead induced swelling in the apical region of rhizoids. Swelling was accompanied by the accumulation of protoplasm in the rhizoid tip through expansion of the cell wall and uninhibited cytoplasmic streaming. Subsequent diffuse growth led to the transformation from slender, rod-shaped rhizoids into spherical thallus-like structures that required photosynthesis. Further manipulation of light regimes caused vacillating cell growth redirections. An elongating V. aegagropila rhizoid cell thus appears capable of growth mode switching that is regulated by immediate environmental conditions thereby influencing ultimate cell shape and function. This is the first description of inducible, multiple growth mode shifts in a single intact plant cell that directly impact its differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Rommel Elvira
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Graduate School of Kuroshio Science, Kochi University, 2-5-1 Akebono-cho, Kochi 780-8520, Japan.
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Kawamura K, Kitamura S, Sekida S, Tsuda M, Sunanaga T. Molecular anatomy of tunicate senescence: reversible function of mitochondrial and nuclear genes associated with budding cycles. Development 2012; 139:4083-93. [PMID: 23014695 DOI: 10.1242/dev.083170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Zooids of the asexual strain of Polyandrocarpa misakiensis have a lifespan of 4-5 months; before dying, they produce many buds, enabling continuation of the strain. This study was designed to investigate the nature of gene inactivation and reactivation during this continuous process of senescence and budding. During senescence, the zooidal epidermis showed acid β-galactosidase activity, lost proliferating cell nuclear antigen immunoreactivity and became ultrastructurally worn, indicating that the epidermis is a major tissue affected by the ageing process. Semi-quantitative PCR analysis showed that the genes encoding mitochondrial respiratory chains (MRCs) engaged in decreased transcriptional activity in senescent adults compared with younger adults. The results of in situ hybridization showed that the epidermis dramatically attenuates MRC expression during ageing but restores gene activity when budding commences. During budding and ageing, the nuclear gene Eed (a polycomb group component) was activated and inactivated in a pattern similar to that observed in MRCs. In buds, RNA interference (RNAi) of Eed attenuated Eed transcripts but did not affect the gene expression of pre-activated MRCs. A tunicate humoral factor, TC14-3, could induce Eed, accompanying the reactivation of MRC in adult zooids. When RNAi of Eed and Eed induction were performed simultaneously, zooidal cells and tissues failed to engage in MRC reactivation, indicating the involvement of Eed in MRC activation. Results of this study provide evidence that the mitochondrial gene activities of Polyandrocarpa can be reversed during senescence and budding, suggesting that they are regulated by nuclear polycomb group genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaz Kawamura
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Kochi University, Kochi 780-8520, Japan.
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Sekida S, Takahira M, Horiguchi T, Okuda K. EFFECTS OF HIGH PRESSURE IN THE ARMORED DINOFLAGELLATE SCRIPPSIELLA HEXAPRAECINGULA (PERIDINIALES, DINOPHYCEAE): CHANGES IN THECAL PLATE PATTERN AND MICROTUBULE ASSEMBLY(1). J Phycol 2012; 48:163-173. [PMID: 27009661 DOI: 10.1111/j.1529-8817.2011.01094.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The possible role of cortical microtubules in dinoflagellates was studied using high-pressure treatments applied to nonmotile cells (just after ecdysis) of Scrippsiella hexapraecingula T. Horig. et Chihara. Whereas considerable disorganization of cortical microtubules was observed when cells were exposed to high-pressure treatments of 98 MPa or more for 5-15 min, they were mostly intact in cells exposed to a pressure of <98 MPa for 5 min. After nonmotile cells were exposed to high-pressure treatments sufficient to disorganize the cortical microtubules, they produced new motile cells with thecal plate patterns that differed considerably from the pattern known for this species. Increasing the intensity of high pressure applied to nonmotile cells resulted in an increase in the number of cells that exhibited disorganized cortical microtubules as well as a change in their thecal plate pattern, suggesting that high pressure disorganizes cortical microtubules leading to a change in the thecal plate pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoko Sekida
- Graduate School of Science, Kochi University, Kochi 780-8520, JapanGraduate School of Kuroshio Science, Kochi University, Kochi 780-8520, JapanDivision of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, JapanGraduate School of Kuroshio Science, Kochi University, Kochi 780-8520, Japan
| | - Masaki Takahira
- Graduate School of Science, Kochi University, Kochi 780-8520, JapanGraduate School of Kuroshio Science, Kochi University, Kochi 780-8520, JapanDivision of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, JapanGraduate School of Kuroshio Science, Kochi University, Kochi 780-8520, Japan
| | - Takeo Horiguchi
- Graduate School of Science, Kochi University, Kochi 780-8520, JapanGraduate School of Kuroshio Science, Kochi University, Kochi 780-8520, JapanDivision of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, JapanGraduate School of Kuroshio Science, Kochi University, Kochi 780-8520, Japan
| | - Kazuo Okuda
- Graduate School of Science, Kochi University, Kochi 780-8520, JapanGraduate School of Kuroshio Science, Kochi University, Kochi 780-8520, JapanDivision of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, JapanGraduate School of Kuroshio Science, Kochi University, Kochi 780-8520, Japan
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Mine I, Sekida S, Okuda K. Microtubule Arrangement during the Formation of a New Growing Tip in the Coenocytic Green Alga Bryopsis plumosa (Caulerpales, Chlorophyta). CYTOLOGIA 2011. [DOI: 10.1508/cytologia.76.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ichiro Mine
- Graduate School of Kuroshio Science, Kochi University
| | - Satoko Sekida
- Graduate School of Kuroshio Science, Kochi University
| | - Kazuo Okuda
- Graduate School of Kuroshio Science, Kochi University
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Mine I, Sekida S, Okuda K. Changes in Cytoplasmic Streaming during the Formation of a New Growing Tip in the Coenocytic Green Alga Bryopsis plumosa (Caulerpales, Chlorophyta). CYTOLOGIA 2010. [DOI: 10.1508/cytologia.75.427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ichiro Mine
- Graduate School of Kuroshio Science, Kochi University
| | - Satoko Sekida
- Graduate School of Kuroshio Science, Kochi University
| | - Kazuo Okuda
- Graduate School of Kuroshio Science, Kochi University
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Wilce RT, Pedersen PM, Sekida S. CHUKCHIA PEDICELLATA GEN. ET SP. NOV. AND C. ENDOPHYTICA NOV. COMB., ARCTIC ENDEMIC BROWN ALGAE (PHAEOPHYCEAE)(1). J Phycol 2009; 45:272-286. [PMID: 27033663 DOI: 10.1111/j.1529-8817.2008.00631.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Study of the north Alaskan brown algal epiphyte Chukchia pedicellata sp. nov. suggests an apparently close relationship to Phaeostroma. Phaeostroma endophyticum S. Lund from east Greenland, Bylot Island, Nunavut, Canada, shows generic identity with Chukchia and specific differences from C. pedicellata. Comparison of C. pedicellata and P. pustulosum Kuck. (the type species of Phaeostroma) shows morphological, cytological, reproductive, and distributional differences. We recognize novelty of C. pedicellata and necessity to broaden the species description of P. endophyticum, which becomes Chukchia endophytica. C. endophytica is distinguished by its dimorphic vegetative habit, its large plurilocular sporangia, and the putative ability of the sporangia to digest host tissue to accommodate development within the host. Absence of pyrenoids and novel plurilocular sporangia in both species suggests that they are not members of the Ectocarpales, sensu lato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert T Wilce
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USABiological Institute, Department of Phycology, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 2D, DK-1353 Copenhagen K, DenmarkGraduate School of Kuroshio Science, Kochi University, 2-5-1, Akebono, Kochi 780-8520, Japan
| | - P M Pedersen
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USABiological Institute, Department of Phycology, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 2D, DK-1353 Copenhagen K, DenmarkGraduate School of Kuroshio Science, Kochi University, 2-5-1, Akebono, Kochi 780-8520, Japan
| | - S Sekida
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USABiological Institute, Department of Phycology, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 2D, DK-1353 Copenhagen K, DenmarkGraduate School of Kuroshio Science, Kochi University, 2-5-1, Akebono, Kochi 780-8520, Japan
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Mine I, Takezaki N, Sekida S, Okuda K. Cell wall extensibility during branch formation in the xanthophycean alga Vaucheria terrestris. Planta 2007; 226:971-9. [PMID: 17554551 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-007-0543-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2006] [Accepted: 04/26/2007] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
In the tip-growing filamentous cell of the xanthophycean alga Vaucheria terrestris sensu Götz, a new growing tip develops in the non-growing, cylindrical region of the cell that was exposed by local illumination. The present study examined changes in the strength and extensibility of the cell wall of the new growing tip and in the matrix components of the inner surface of the cell wall. The internal pressure required to rupture the cell walls decreased remarkably during the early to middle stages of growing tip development, but the cell wall hardly extended before rupture. In contrast, during the middle and late stages of development, cell walls were extended by internal pressure. Atomic force microscopy revealed that protease-resistant, fine granular matrix components were present only at the apical portion of a normal growing tip, and were absent in the non-growing cylindrical region. In the early and middle stages of new growing tip development, these matrix components appeared in the cell walls in patches. These results suggest that first cell wall strength decreases and then cell wall extensibility increases in the development of new growing tips, and that protease-resistant, fine granular matrix components may be involved in rendering a cell wall extensible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ichiro Mine
- Graduate School of Kuroshio Science, Kochi University, 2-5-1, Akebono-cho, Kochi 780-8520, Japan.
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