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Dastkar E, Soleimani A, Jafary H, de Dios Alche J, Bahari A, Zeinalabedini M, Salami SA. Differential expression of genes in olive leaves and buds of ON- versus OFF-crop trees. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15762. [PMID: 32978460 PMCID: PMC7519672 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72895-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Alternate bearing (AB) refers to the tendency of trees to have an irregular crop load from 1 year (ON) to the next year (OFF). Despite its economic importance, it is not fully understood how gene networks and their related metabolic pathways may influence the irregular bearing in olive trees. To unravel molecular mechanisms of this phenomenon in olive (cv. Conservalia), the whole transcriptome of leaves and buds from ON and OFF-trees was sequenced using Illumina next generation sequencing approach. The results indicated that expressed transcripts were involved in metabolism of carbohydrates, polyamins, phytohormones and polyphenol oxidase (POD) related to antioxidant system. Expression of POD was increased in leaf samples of ON- versus OFF-trees. The expression pattern of the greater number of genes was changed more in buds than in leaves. Up-regulation of gene homologues to the majority of enzymes that were involved in photorespiration metabolism pathway in buds of ON-trees was remarkable that may support the hypotheses of an increase in photorespiratory metabolism in these samples. The results indicated changes in expression pattern of homologous to those taking part of abscisic acid and cytokinin synthesis which are connected to photorespiration. Our data did not confirm expression of homologue (s) to those of chlorogenic acid metabolism, which has been addressed earlier that have a probable role in biennial bearing in olive. Current findings provide new candidate genes for further functional analysis, gene cloning and exploring of molecular basses of AB in olive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim Dastkar
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Ali Soleimani
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran.
| | - Hossein Jafary
- Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
| | - Juan de Dios Alche
- Plant Reproductive Biology and Advanced Microscopy Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), Granada, Spain
| | - Abbas Bahari
- Research Institute of Modern Biological Techniques (RIMBT), University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Mehrshad Zeinalabedini
- Department of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran
| | - Seyed Alireza Salami
- Faculty of Agricultural Science and Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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Haberman A, Bakhshian O, Cerezo-Medina S, Paltiel J, Adler C, Ben-Ari G, Mercado JA, Pliego-Alfaro F, Lavee S, Samach A. A possible role for flowering locus T-encoding genes in interpreting environmental and internal cues affecting olive (Olea europaea L.) flower induction. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2017; 40:1263-1280. [PMID: 28103403 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Olive (Olea europaea L.) inflorescences, formed in lateral buds, flower in spring. However, there is some debate regarding time of flower induction and inflorescence initiation. Olive juvenility and seasonality of flowering were altered by overexpressing genes encoding flowering locus T (FT). OeFT1 and OeFT2 caused early flowering under short days when expressed in Arabidopsis. Expression of OeFT1/2 in olive leaves and OeFT2 in buds increased in winter, while initiation of inflorescences occurred i n late winter. Trees exposed to an artificial warm winter expressed low levels of OeFT1/2 in leaves and did not flower. Olive flower induction thus seems to be mediated by an increase in FT levels in response to cold winters. Olive flowering is dependent on additional internal factors. It was severely reduced in trees that carried a heavy fruit load the previous season (harvested in November) and in trees without fruit to which cold temperatures were artificially applied in summer. Expression analysis suggested that these internal factors work either by reducing the increase in OeFT1/2 expression or through putative flowering repressors such as TFL1. With expected warmer winters, future consumption of olive oil, as part of a healthy Mediterranean diet, should benefit from better understanding these factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amnon Haberman
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Ortal Bakhshian
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Sergio Cerezo-Medina
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea 'La Mayora', IHSM-UMA-CSIC, Departamento de Biología Vegetal, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, 29071, Spain
| | - Judith Paltiel
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Chen Adler
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Giora Ben-Ari
- Institute of Plant Sciences, The Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Bet-Dagan, 50250, Israel
| | - Jose Angel Mercado
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea 'La Mayora', IHSM-UMA-CSIC, Departamento de Biología Vegetal, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, 29071, Spain
| | - Fernando Pliego-Alfaro
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea 'La Mayora', IHSM-UMA-CSIC, Departamento de Biología Vegetal, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, 29071, Spain
| | - Shimon Lavee
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
- Institute of Plant Sciences, The Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Bet-Dagan, 50250, Israel
| | - Alon Samach
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
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He M, Cui S, Yang X, Mu G, Chen H, Liu L. Selection of suitable reference genes for abiotic stress-responsive gene expression studies in peanut by real-time quantitative PCR. ELECTRON J BIOTECHN 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejbt.2017.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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AMPK modulatory activity of olive-tree leaves phenolic compounds: Bioassay-guided isolation on adipocyte model and in silico approach. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173074. [PMID: 28278224 PMCID: PMC5344353 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Scope Olive-tree polyphenols have demonstrated potential for the management of obesity-related pathologies. We aimed to explore the capacity of Olive-tree leaves extract to modulate triglyceride accumulation and AMP-activated protein kinase activity (AMPK) on a hypertrophic adipocyte model. Methods Intracellular triglycerides and AMPK activity were measured on the hypertrophic 3T3-L1 adipocyte model by AdipoRed and immunofluorescence microscopy, respectively. Reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography coupled to time-of-flight mass detection with electrospray ionization (RP-HPLC-ESI-TOF/MS) was used for the fractionation of the extract and the identification of the compounds. In-silico molecular docking of the AMPK alpha-2, beta and gamma subunits with the identified compounds was performed. Results Olive-tree leaves extract decreased the intracellular lipid accumulation through AMPK-dependent mechanisms in hypertrophic adipocytes. Secoiridoids, cinnamic acids, phenylethanoids and phenylpropanoids, flavonoids and lignans were the candidates predicted to account for this effect. Molecular docking revealed that some compounds may be AMPK-gamma modulators. The modulatory effects of compounds over the alpha and beta AMPK subunits appear to be less probable. Conclusions Olive-tree leaves polyphenols modulate AMPK activity, which may become a therapeutic aid in the management of obesity-associated disturbances. The natural occurrence of these compounds may have important nutritional implications for the design of functional ingredients.
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Isolation, molecular characterization and functional analysis of OeMT2, an olive metallothionein with a bioremediation potential. Mol Genet Genomics 2014; 290:187-99. [PMID: 25204791 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-014-0908-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/23/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Metallothioneins are essential in plants for metal detoxification in addition to their other roles in plant life cycle. This study reports the characterization of an olive (Olea europaea L. cv. Ayvalik) metallothionein with respect to molecular and functional properties. A cDNA encoding a type 2 metallothionein from olive was isolated from a leaf cDNA library, characterized and named OeMT2 after its molecular and functional properties. OeMT2 was expressed in Escherichia coli, and a single protein band was confirmed by protein gel blot analysis. Metal tolerance ability of bacterial cells expressing OeMT2 was determined against 0.2 mM CdCl2, 0.4 mM CdCl2 and 1 mM CuSO4 in the growth medium. Metal ion contents of bacterial cells expressing OeMT2 were measured by ICP. Metal tolerance assays and ICP measurements suggested that OeMT2 effectively binds Cu and Cd. Molecular analysis of OeMT2 revealed two introns, three exons, a short 3' UTR and a long 5' UTR. Comparing the genomic sequences from 14 olive cultivars revealed OeMT2 had both intron and exon polymorphisms dividing the cultivars into three groups. Real-time PCR analysis demonstrated that OeMT2 expresses more or less the same amounts in all tissues of the olive tree examined. The genomic copy number of OeMT2 was also determined employing real-time PCR which suggested a single copy gene in the olive genome while three other MT2 members were determined from the draft olive genome sequences of Ayvalik cultivar and that of wild olive. This is the first report on molecular and functional characterization of an olive metallothionein and shows that OeMT2 expressed in E. coli has the capability of effectively binding toxic heavy metals. This may suggest that OeMT2 plays an important role in metal homeostasis in addition to a good potential for environmental and industrial usage.
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