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López-Riego M, Płódowska M, Lis-Zajęcka M, Jeziorska K, Tetela S, Węgierek-Ciuk A, Sobota D, Braziewicz J, Lundholm L, Lisowska H, Wojcik A. The DNA damage response to radiological imaging: from ROS and γH2AX foci induction to gene expression responses in vivo. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2023:10.1007/s00411-023-01033-4. [PMID: 37335333 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-023-01033-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Candidate ionising radiation exposure biomarkers must be validated in humans exposed in vivo. Blood from patients undergoing positron emission tomography-computed tomography scan (PET-CT) and skeletal scintigraphy (scintigraphy) was drawn before (0 h) and after (2 h) the procedure for correlation analyses of the response of selected biomarkers with radiation dose and other available patient information. FDXR, CDKN1A, BBC3, GADD45A, XPC, and MDM2 expression was determined by qRT-PCR, DNA damage (γH2AX) by flow cytometry, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels by flow cytometry using the 2', 7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate test in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). For ROS experiments, 0- and 2-h samples were additionally exposed to UVA to determine whether diagnostic irradiation conditioned the response to further oxidative insult. With some exceptions, radiological imaging induced weak γH2AX foci, ROS and gene expression fold changes, the latter with good coherence across genes within a patient. Diagnostic imaging did not influence oxidative stress in PBMC successively exposed to UVA. Correlation analyses with patient characteristics led to low correlation coefficient values. γH2AX fold change, which correlated positively with gene expression, presented a weak positive correlation with injected activity, indicating a radiation-induced subtle increase in DNA damage and subsequent activation of the DNA damage response pathway. The exposure discrimination potential of these biomarkers in the absence of control samples as frequently demanded in radiological emergencies, was assessed using raw data. These results suggest that the variability of the response in heterogeneous populations might complicate identifying individuals exposed to low radiation doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milagrosa López-Riego
- Centre for Radiation Protection Research, Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Magdalena Płódowska
- Department of Medical Biology, Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
| | - Milena Lis-Zajęcka
- Department of Medical Biology, Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
| | - Kamila Jeziorska
- Department of Medical Biology, Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
| | - Sylwia Tetela
- Department of Medical Biology, Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
| | - Aneta Węgierek-Ciuk
- Department of Medical Biology, Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
| | - Daniel Sobota
- Department of Medical Physics, Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
| | - Janusz Braziewicz
- Department of Medical Physics, Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
- Department of Nuclear Medicine With Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Unit, Holy Cross Cancer Centre, Kielce, Poland
| | - Lovisa Lundholm
- Centre for Radiation Protection Research, Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Halina Lisowska
- Department of Medical Biology, Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
| | - Andrzej Wojcik
- Centre for Radiation Protection Research, Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medical Biology, Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
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Souki R, Amossé J, Genêt V, Le Gall M, SaintPierre B, Letourneur F, Maître A, Demeilliers C, Le Ferrec E, Lagadic-Gossmann D, Podechard N, Sparfel L. Small RNA-sequencing reveals the involvement of microRNA-132 in benzo[a]pyrene-induced toxicity in primary human blood cells. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 328:121653. [PMID: 37080521 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are widely distributed environmental contaminants, triggering deleterious effects such as carcinogenicity and immunosuppression, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) are among the main cell types targeted by these pollutants. In the present study, we sought to identify the expression profiles and function of miRNAs, gene regulators involved in major cellular processes recently linked to environmental pollutants, in PBMC-exposed to the prototypical PAH, benzo [a]pyrene (B [a]P). Using small RNA deep sequencing, we identified several B [a]P-responsive miRNAs. Bioinformatics analyses showed that their predicted targets could modulate biological processes relevant to cell death and survival. Further studies of the most highly induced miRNA, miR-132, showed that its up-regulation by B [a]P was time- and dose-dependent and required aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) activation. By evaluating the role of miR-132 in B [a]P-induced cell death, we propose a mechanism linking B [a]P-induced miR-132 expression and cytochromes P-450 (CYPs) 1A1 and 1B1 mRNA levels, which could contribute to the apoptotic response of PBMCs. Altogether, this study increases our understanding of the roles of miRNAs induced by B [a]P and provides the basis for further investigations into the mechanisms of gene expression regulation by PAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rima Souki
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail), UMR_S 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Jérémy Amossé
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail), UMR_S 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Valentine Genêt
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail), UMR_S 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Morgane Le Gall
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Cochin, F-75014, Paris, France
| | | | - Franck Letourneur
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Cochin, F-75014, Paris, France
| | - Anne Maître
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, UMR 5525, VetAgro Sup, Grenoble INP, TIMC, EPSP, 38000, Grenoble, France; Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire de Toxicologie Professionnelle et Environnementale, TIMC, CNRS, Grenoble INP, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Christine Demeilliers
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, UMR 5525, VetAgro Sup, Grenoble INP, TIMC, EPSP, 38000, Grenoble, France; Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire de Toxicologie Professionnelle et Environnementale, TIMC, CNRS, Grenoble INP, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Eric Le Ferrec
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail), UMR_S 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Dominique Lagadic-Gossmann
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail), UMR_S 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Normand Podechard
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail), UMR_S 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Lydie Sparfel
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail), UMR_S 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France.
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3
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Shakyawar SK, Mishra NK, Vellichirammal NN, Cary L, Helikar T, Powers R, Oberley-Deegan RE, Berkowitz DB, Bayles KW, Singh VK, Guda C. A Review of Radiation-Induced Alterations of Multi-Omic Profiles, Radiation Injury Biomarkers, and Countermeasures. Radiat Res 2023; 199:89-111. [PMID: 36368026 PMCID: PMC10279411 DOI: 10.1667/rade-21-00187.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Increasing utilization of nuclear power enhances the risks associated with industrial accidents, occupational hazards, and the threat of nuclear terrorism. Exposure to ionizing radiation interferes with genomic stability and gene expression resulting in the disruption of normal metabolic processes in cells and organs by inducing complex biological responses. Exposure to high-dose radiation causes acute radiation syndrome, which leads to hematopoietic, gastrointestinal, cerebrovascular, and many other organ-specific injuries. Altered genomic variations, gene expression, metabolite concentrations, and microbiota profiles in blood plasma or tissue samples reflect the whole-body radiation injuries. Hence, multi-omic profiles obtained from high-resolution omics platforms offer a holistic approach for identifying reliable biomarkers to predict the radiation injury of organs and tissues resulting from radiation exposures. In this review, we performed a literature search to systematically catalog the radiation-induced alterations from multi-omic studies and radiation countermeasures. We covered radiation-induced changes in the genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, metabolomic, lipidomic, and microbiome profiles. Furthermore, we have covered promising multi-omic biomarkers, FDA-approved countermeasure drugs, and other radiation countermeasures that include radioprotectors and radiomitigators. This review presents an overview of radiation-induced alterations of multi-omics profiles and biomarkers, and associated radiation countermeasures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushil K Shakyawar
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Nitish K Mishra
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Neetha N Vellichirammal
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Lynnette Cary
- Division of Radioprotectants, Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Tomáš Helikar
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln NE 65888, USA
| | - Robert Powers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln NE 65888, USA
- Nebraska Center for Integrated Biomolecular Communication, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln NE 68588, USA
| | - Rebecca E Oberley-Deegan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - David B Berkowitz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln NE 65888, USA
| | - Kenneth W Bayles
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Vijay K Singh
- Division of Radioprotectants, Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Chittibabu Guda
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Center for Biomedical Informatics Research and Innovation, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
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Cross-platform validation of a mouse blood gene signature for quantitative reconstruction of radiation dose. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14124. [PMID: 35986207 PMCID: PMC9391341 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18558-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
In the search for biological markers after a large-scale exposure of the human population to radiation, gene expression is a sensitive endpoint easily translatable to in-field high throughput applications. Primarily, the ex-vivo irradiated healthy human blood model has been used to generate available gene expression datasets. This model has limitations i.e., lack of signaling from other irradiated tissues and deterioration of blood cells cultures over time. In vivo models are needed; therefore, we present our novel approach to define a gene signature in mouse blood cells that quantitatively correlates with radiation dose (at 1 Gy/min). Starting with available microarray datasets, we selected 30 radiation-responsive genes and performed cross-validation/training–testing data splits to downselect 16 radiation-responsive genes. We then tested these genes in an independent cohort of irradiated adult C57BL/6 mice (50:50 both sexes) and measured mRNA by quantitative RT-PCR in whole blood at 24 h. Dose reconstruction using net signal (difference between geometric means of top 3 positively correlated and top 4 negatively correlated genes with dose), was highly improved over the microarrays, with a root mean square error of ± 1.1 Gy in male and female mice combined. There were no significant sex-specific differences in mRNA or cell counts after irradiation.
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Transcriptional Dynamics of DNA Damage Responsive Genes in Circulating Leukocytes during Radiotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14112649. [PMID: 35681629 PMCID: PMC9179543 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14112649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In this study, the transcriptional response of a panel of radiation responsive genes was monitored over time in blood samples after radiation exposure in vivo. For this aim, cancer patients treated by radiotherapy were recruited after consent forms were obtained. Following the first fraction of radiotherapy, 2 mL blood samples were collected at different time points during the first 24h hours (before the second fraction was delivered) and at mid and end of treatment. Amongst the 9 genes studied, the gene FDXR stood out as the most sensitive and responsive to the low dose of radiation received from the localised radiation treatment by the circulating white blood cells. The activation of FDXR was found to depend on the volume of the body exposed with a peak of expression around 8–9 hours after irradiation was delivered. Finally results obtained ex vivo confirmed the results obtained in vivo. Abstract External beam radiation therapy leads to cellular activation of the DNA damage response (DDR). DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) activate the ATM/CHEK2/p53 pathway, inducing the transcription of stress genes. The dynamic nature of this transcriptional response has not been directly observed in vivo in humans. In this study we monitored the messenger RNA transcript abundances of nine DNA damage-responsive genes (CDKN1A, GADD45, CCNG1, FDXR, DDB2, MDM2, PHPT1, SESN1, and PUMA), eight of them regulated by p53 in circulating blood leukocytes at different time points (2, 6–8, 16–18, and 24 h) in cancer patients (lung, neck, brain, and pelvis) undergoing radiotherapy. We discovered that, although the calculated mean physical dose to the blood was very low (0.038–0.169 Gy), an upregulation of Ferredoxin reductase (FDXR) gene transcription was detectable 2 h after exposure and was dose dependent from the lowest irradiated percentage of the body (3.5% whole brain) to the highest, (up to 19.4%, pelvic zone) reaching a peak at 6–8 h. The radiation response of the other genes was not strong enough after such low doses to provide meaningful information. Following multiple fractions, the expression level increased further and was still significantly up-regulated by the end of the treatment. Moreover, we compared FDXR transcriptional responses to ionizing radiation (IR) in vivo with healthy donors’ blood cells exposed ex vivo and found a good correlation in the kinetics of expression from the 8-hours time-point onward, suggesting that a molecular transcriptional regulation mechanism yet to be identified is involved. To conclude, we provided the first in vivo human report of IR-induced gene transcription temporal response of a panel of p53-dependant genes. FDXR was demonstrated to be the most responsive gene, able to reliably inform on the low doses following partial body irradiation of the patients, and providing an expression pattern corresponding to the % of body exposed. An extended study would provide individual biological dosimetry information and may reveal inter-individual variability to predict radiotherapy-associated adverse health outcomes.
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Stepanović A, Nikitović M, Stanojković TP, Grujičić D, Bukumirić Z, Srbljak I, Ilić R, Milošević S, Arsenijević T, Petrović N. Association between microRNAs 10b/21/34a and acute toxicity in glioblastoma patients treated with radiotherapy and temozolomide. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7505. [PMID: 35525840 PMCID: PMC9079078 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11445-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A personalized approach to chemoradiation is important in reducing its potential side effects and identifying a group of patients prone to toxicity. MicroRNAs have been shown to have a predictive potential for radiotoxicity. The goal of the study was to test if levels of miRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of glioblastoma patients are associated with toxicity and to identify the peak time point for toxicity. MicroRNA-10b/21/34a levels were measured in 43 patients with and without toxicity, at baseline, at the 15th, and at the 30th fraction by Real-Time quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction. MicroRNA-10b/21 levels increased with toxicity grade (p = 0.014; p = 0.013); miR-21/34a levels were significantly different between patients with and without toxicity at the 15th fraction (p = 0.030; p = 0.045), while miR-34a levels significantly changed during treatment (p < 0.001). All three miRNAs showed a significantly high positive correlation with one another. MiR-34a might be considered as a predictive factor for toxicity due to its changes during treatment, and differences between the groups with and without toxicity; miR-10b might be used to predict toxicity; miR-10b/21 might be used for predicting the grade of toxicity in GB patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandar Stepanović
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marina Nikitović
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia. .,Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Tatjana P Stanojković
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danica Grujičić
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.,Clinic of Neurosurgery, Neuro-Oncology Department, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zoran Bukumirić
- Institute for Medical Statistics and Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana Srbljak
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Rosanda Ilić
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.,Clinic of Neurosurgery, Neuro-Oncology Department, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Snežana Milošević
- Clinic of Neurosurgery, Neuro-Oncology Department, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tatjana Arsenijević
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nina Petrović
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia.,"VINČA" Institute of Nuclear Sciences-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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7
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Faber E, Tshilwane SI, Van Kleef M, Pretorius A. Apoptosis versus survival of African horse sickness virus serotype 4-infected horse peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Virus Res 2022; 307:198609. [PMID: 34688785 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2021.198609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Expanding on our previous work, this study used transcriptome analysis of RNA sequences to investigate the various factors that contributed to either inducing apoptosis that resulted in cell death or promoting the survival of African horse sickness virus serotype 4 (AHSV4)-infected horse peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) after 24 h. Apoptosis is a host defense mechanism that prevents virus replication, accumulation and spread of progeny viruses. AHSV4-infected PBMC were killed via the intrinsic and the perforin/granzyme pathways of apoptosis during the attenuated AHSV4 (attAHSV4) in vivo primary and secondary immune responses. Trained innate immunity played an important role in circumventing viral interference that resulted in the elimination of AHSV4-infected PBMC through the intrinsic and the extrinsic pathways of apoptosis during the virulent AHSV4 (virAHSV4) in vitro secondary immune response. Oxidative stress in conjunction with IRE1α pro-apoptotic signaling played a major role in the induction of the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis and cytotoxic lymphocytes induced the perforin/granzyme or extrinsic pathways of apoptosis. In contrast, AHSV4-infected PBMC survived during the virAHSV4 in vitro primary immune response, which allows unrestrained viral replication. The virAHSV4 interference with the innate immune response resulted in impaired NK cell responses and delayed immune responses, which together with the antioxidant defense system promoted AHSV4-infected PBMC survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Faber
- Agricultural Research Council - Onderstepoort Veterinary Research, Private Bag X5, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa; Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa.
| | - Selaelo Ivy Tshilwane
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa
| | - Mirinda Van Kleef
- Agricultural Research Council - Onderstepoort Veterinary Research, Private Bag X5, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa; Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa
| | - Alri Pretorius
- Agricultural Research Council - Onderstepoort Veterinary Research, Private Bag X5, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa; Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa
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Nasser F, Cruz-Garcia L, O'Brien G, Badie C. Role of blood derived cell fractions, temperature and sample transport on gene expression-based biological dosimetry. Int J Radiat Biol 2021; 97:675-686. [PMID: 33826469 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2021.1906464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE For triage purposes following a nuclear accident or a terrorist event, gene expression biomarkers in blood have been demonstrated to be good bioindicators of ionizing radiation (IR) exposure and can be used to assess the dose received by exposed individuals. Many IR-sensitive genes are regulated by the DNA damage response pathway, and modulators of this pathway could potentially affect their expression level and therefore alter accurate dose estimations. In the present study, we addressed the potential influence of temperature, sample transport conditions and the blood cell fraction analyzed on the transcriptional response of the following radiation-responsive genes: FDXR, CCNG1, MDM2, PHPT1, APOBEC3H, DDB2, SESN1, P21, PUMA, and GADD45. MATERIALS AND METHODS Whole blood from healthy donors was exposed to a 2 Gy X-ray dose with a dose rate of 0.5 Gy/min (output 13 mA, 250 kV peak, 0.2 mA) and incubated for 24 h at either 37, 22, or 4 °C. For mimicking the effect of transport conditions at different temperatures, samples incubated at 37 °C for 24 h were kept at 37, 22 or 4 °C for another 24 h. Comparisons of biomarker responses to IR between white blood cells (WBCs), peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and whole blood were carried out after a 2 Gy X-ray exposure and incubation at 37 °C for 24 hours. RESULTS Hypothermic conditions (22 or 4 °C) following irradiation drastically inhibited transcriptional responses to IR exposure. However, sample shipment at different temperatures did not affect gene expression level except for SESN1. The transcriptional response to IR of specific genes depended on the cell fraction used, apart from FDXR, CCNG1, and SESN1. CONCLUSION In conclusion, temperature during the incubation period and cell fraction but not the storing conditions during transport can influence the transcriptional response of specific genes. However, FDXR and CCNG1 showed a consistent response under all the different conditions tested demonstrating their reliability as individual biological dosimetry biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Nasser
- Radiation Effects Department, Cancer Mechanisms and Biomarkers Group, Centre for Radiation, Chemical & Environmental Hazards, Public Health England, Chilton, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Lourdes Cruz-Garcia
- Radiation Effects Department, Cancer Mechanisms and Biomarkers Group, Centre for Radiation, Chemical & Environmental Hazards, Public Health England, Chilton, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Grainne O'Brien
- Radiation Effects Department, Cancer Mechanisms and Biomarkers Group, Centre for Radiation, Chemical & Environmental Hazards, Public Health England, Chilton, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Christophe Badie
- Radiation Effects Department, Cancer Mechanisms and Biomarkers Group, Centre for Radiation, Chemical & Environmental Hazards, Public Health England, Chilton, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
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9
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Segaran RC, Chan LY, Wang H, Sethi G, Tang FR. Neuronal Development-Related miRNAs as Biomarkers for Alzheimer's Disease, Depression, Schizophrenia and Ionizing Radiation Exposure. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:19-52. [PMID: 31965936 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666200121122910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Radiation exposure may induce Alzheimer's disease (AD), depression or schizophrenia. A number of experimental and clinical studies suggest the involvement of miRNA in the development of these diseases, and also in the neuropathological changes after brain radiation exposure. The current literature review indicated the involvement of 65 miRNAs in neuronal development in the brain. In the brain tissue, blood, or cerebral spinal fluid (CSF), 11, 55, or 28 miRNAs are involved in the development of AD respectively, 89, 50, 19 miRNAs in depression, and 102, 35, 8 miRNAs in schizophrenia. We compared miRNAs regulating neuronal development to those involved in the genesis of AD, depression and schizophrenia and also those driving radiation-induced brain neuropathological changes by reviewing the available data. We found that 3, 11, or 8 neuronal developmentrelated miRNAs from the brain tissue, 13, 16 or 14 miRNAs from the blood of patient with AD, depression and schizophrenia respectively were also involved in radiation-induced brain pathological changes, suggesting a possibly specific involvement of these miRNAs in radiation-induced development of AD, depression and schizophrenia respectively. On the other hand, we noted that radiationinduced changes of two miRNAs, i.e., miR-132, miR-29 in the brain tissue, three miRNAs, i.e., miR- 29c-5p, miR-106b-5p, miR-34a-5p in the blood were also involved in the development of AD, depression and schizophrenia, thereby suggesting that these miRNAs may be involved in the common brain neuropathological changes, such as impairment of neurogenesis and reduced learning memory ability observed in these three diseases and also after radiation exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renu Chandra Segaran
- Radiation Physiology Lab, Singapore Nuclear Research and Safety Initiative, National University of Singapore, CREATE Tower, Singapore 138602, Singapore
| | - Li Yun Chan
- Radiation Physiology Lab, Singapore Nuclear Research and Safety Initiative, National University of Singapore, CREATE Tower, Singapore 138602, Singapore
| | - Hong Wang
- Radiation Physiology Lab, Singapore Nuclear Research and Safety Initiative, National University of Singapore, CREATE Tower, Singapore 138602, Singapore
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore
| | - Feng Ru Tang
- Radiation Physiology Lab, Singapore Nuclear Research and Safety Initiative, National University of Singapore, CREATE Tower, Singapore 138602, Singapore
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miR-155 Contributes to Normal Keratinocyte Differentiation and Is Upregulated in the Epidermis of Psoriatic Skin Lesions. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21239288. [PMID: 33291448 PMCID: PMC7731132 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of microRNAs (miRNAs) during keratinocyte (KC) differentiation and in skin diseases with epidermal phenotypes has attracted strong interest over the past few years. However, combined mRNA and miRNA expression analyses to elucidate the intricate mRNA–miRNA networks of KCs at different stages of differentiation have not been performed yet. In the present study, we investigated the dynamics of miRNA and mRNA expression during KC differentiation in vitro and in normal and psoriatic epidermis. While we identified comparable numbers of up- and downregulated mRNAs (49% and 51%, respectively), miRNAs were predominantly upregulated (76% vs 24%) during KC differentiation. Further bioinformatics analyses suggested an important inhibitory role for miR-155 in KC differentiation, as it was repressed during KC differentiation in normal skin but strongly upregulated in the epidermis of psoriatic skin lesions. Mimicking the inflammatory milieu of psoriatic skin in vitro, we could show that the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL17, IL1β and INFγ synergistically upregulated miR-155 expression in KCs. Forced over-expression of miR-155 in human in vitro skin models specifically reduced the expression of loricrin (LOR) in KCs, indicating that miR-155 interferes with the establishment of a normal epidermal barrier. Together, our data indicate that downregulation of miR-155 during KC differentiation is a crucial step for epidermal barrier formation. Furthermore, its strong upregulation in psoriatic lesions suggests a contributing role of miR-155 in the altered keratinocyte differentiation observed in psoriasis. Therefore, miR-155 represents as a potential target for treating psoriatic skin lesions.
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11
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Szejk-Arendt M, Czubak-Prowizor K, Macieja A, Poplawski T, Olejnik AK, Pawlaczyk-Graja I, Gancarz R, Zbikowska HM. Polyphenolic-polysaccharide conjugates from medicinal plants of Rosaceae/Asteraceae family protect human lymphocytes but not myeloid leukemia K562 cells against radiation-induced death. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 156:1445-1454. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.11.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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12
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Duale N, Eide DM, Amberger ML, Graupner A, Brede DA, Olsen AK. Using prediction models to identify miRNA-based markers of low dose rate chronic stress. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 717:137068. [PMID: 32062256 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Robust biomarkers of exposure to chronic low dose stressors such as ionizing radiation, particularly following chronic low doses and dose-rates, are urgently needed. MicroRNAs (miRNA) have emerged as promising markers of exposure to high dose and dose-rate. Here, we evaluated the feasibility of classifying γ-radiation exposure at different dose rates based on miRNA expression levels. Our objective was to identify miRNA-signatures discriminating between exposure to γ-radiation or not, including exposure to chronic low dose rates. We exposed male CBA/CaOlaHsd and C57BL/6NHsd wild-type mice to 0, 2.5, 10 and 100 mGy/h γ-irradiation (3 Gy total-dose). From an initial screening of 576 miRNAs, a set of 21 signature-miRNAs was identified based on differential expression (>± 2-fold or p < 0.05). This 21-signature miRNA panel was investigated in 39 samples from 4/5 livers/group/mouse strain. A set of significantly differentially expressed miRNAs was identified in all γ-irradiated samples. Most miRNAs were upregulated in all γ-irradiated groups compared to control, and functional analysis of these miRNAs revealed involvement in several cancer-related signaling pathways. To identify miRNAs that distinguished exposed mice from controls, nine prediction methods; i.e., six variants of generalized regression models, random-forest, boosted-tree and nearest-shrunken-centroid (PAM) were used. The generalized regression methods seem to outperform the other prediction methods for classification of irradiated and control samples. Using the 21-miRNA panel in the prediction models, we identified sets of candidate miRNA-markers that predict exposure to γ-radiation. Among the top10 miRNA predictors, contributing most in each of the three γ-irradiated groups, three miRNA predictors (miR-140-3p, miR-133a-5p and miR-145a-5p) were common. Three miRNAs, miR-188-3p/26a-5p/26b-5p, were specific for lower dose-rate γ-radiation. Similarly, exposure to the high dose-rates was also correctly predicted, including mice exposed to X-rays. Our approach identifying miRNA-based signature panels may be extended to classify exposure to environmental, nutritional and life-style-related stressors, including chronic low-stress scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Duale
- Department of Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway; Centre of Excellence "Centre for Environmental Radiation" (CERAD), Norway.
| | - Dag M Eide
- Department of Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway; Centre of Excellence "Centre for Environmental Radiation" (CERAD), Norway
| | - Maria L Amberger
- Department of Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway; Centre of Excellence "Centre for Environmental Radiation" (CERAD), Norway
| | - Anne Graupner
- Department of Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway; Centre of Excellence "Centre for Environmental Radiation" (CERAD), Norway
| | - Dag A Brede
- Centre of Excellence "Centre for Environmental Radiation" (CERAD), Norway; Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management (MINA), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway
| | - Ann K Olsen
- Department of Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway; Centre of Excellence "Centre for Environmental Radiation" (CERAD), Norway
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13
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Chen Y, Wang G, Lin B, Huang J. MicroRNA‐93‐5p expression in tumor tissue and its tumor suppressor function via targeting programmed death ligand‐1 in colorectal cancer. Cell Biol Int 2020; 44:1224-1236. [PMID: 32068322 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi‐Lin Chen
- Department of General SurgeryThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University Quanzhou 362000 Fujian China
| | - Gao‐Xiong Wang
- Department of General SurgeryThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University Quanzhou 362000 Fujian China
| | - Bei‐An Lin
- Department of General SurgeryThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University Quanzhou 362000 Fujian China
| | - Jing‐Shan Huang
- Department of General SurgeryThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University Quanzhou 362000 Fujian China
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14
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Goodwin AJ, Li P, Halushka PV, Cook JA, Sumal AS, Fan H. Circulating miRNA 887 is differentially expressed in ARDS and modulates endothelial function. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2020; 318:L1261-L1269. [PMID: 32321279 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00494.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) can be taken up by recipient cells and have been recently associated with the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Their role in host predisposition to the syndrome is unknown. The objective of the study was to identify circulating miRNAs associated with the development of sepsis-related ARDS and examine their impact on endothelial cell gene expression and function. We determined miRNA levels in plasma collected from subjects during the first 24 h of admission to a tertiary intensive care unit for sepsis. A miRNA that was differentially expressed between subjects who did and did not develop ARDS was identified and was transfected into human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HPMECs). RNA sequencing, in silico analysis, cytokine expression, and leukocyte migration assays were used to determine the impact of this miRNA on gene expression and cell function. In two cohorts, circulating miR-887-3p levels were elevated in septic patients who developed ARDS compared with those who did not. Transfection of miR-887-3p into HPMECs altered gene expression, including the upregulation of several genes previously associated with ARDS (e.g., CXCL10, CCL5, CX3CL1, VCAM1, CASP1, IL1B, IFNB, and TLR2), and activation of cellular pathways relevant to the response to infection. Functionally, miR-887-3p increased the endothelial release of chemokines and facilitated trans-endothelial leukocyte migration. Circulating miR-887-3p is associated with ARDS in critically ill patients with sepsis. In vitro, miR-887-3p regulates the expression of genes relevant to ARDS and neutrophil tracking. This miRNA may contribute to ARDS pathogenesis and could represent a novel therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Goodwin
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Pengfei Li
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Perry V Halushka
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina.,Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - James A Cook
- Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Aman S Sumal
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Hongkuan Fan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
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15
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He G, Tang A, Xie M, Xia W, Zhao P, Wei J, Lai Y, Tang X, Zou YM, Liu H. Blood Gene Expression Profile Study Revealed the Activation of Apoptosis and p53 Signaling Pathway May Be the Potential Molecular Mechanisms of Ionizing Radiation Damage and Radiation-Induced Bystander Effects. Dose Response 2020; 18:1559325820914184. [PMID: 32284698 PMCID: PMC7119240 DOI: 10.1177/1559325820914184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is an effective treatment for local solid tumors, but the mechanism of damage to human body caused by radiation therapy needs further study. In this study, gene expression profiles of human peripheral blood samples exposed to different doses and rates of ionizing radiation (IR) were used for bioinformatics analysis to investigate the mechanism of IR damage and radiation-induced bystander effect (RIBE). Differentially expressed genes analysis, weighted gene correlation network analysis, functional enrichment analysis, hypergeometric test, gene set enrichment analysis, and gene set variation analysis were applied to analyze the data. Moreover, receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed to identify core genes of IR damage. Weighted gene correlation network analysis identified 3 modules associated with IR damage, 2 were positively correlated and 1 was negatively correlated. The analysis showed that the positively correlated modules were significantly involved in apoptosis and p53 signaling pathway, and ESR1, ATM, and MYC were potential transcription factors regulating these modules. Thus, the study suggested that apoptosis and p53 signaling pathway may be the potential molecular mechanisms of IR damage and RIBE, which could be driven by ESR1, ATM, and MYC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyao He
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Anzhou Tang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Mao Xie
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Wei Xia
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Pengcheng Zhao
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jianglian Wei
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yongjing Lai
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xianglong Tang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yi Ming Zou
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Heng Liu
- School of Information and Management, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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16
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Ghandhi SA, Smilenov L, Shuryak I, Pujol-Canadell M, Amundson SA. Discordant gene responses to radiation in humans and mice and the role of hematopoietically humanized mice in the search for radiation biomarkers. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19434. [PMID: 31857640 PMCID: PMC6923394 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55982-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The mouse (Mus musculus) is an extensively used model of human disease and responses to stresses such as ionizing radiation. As part of our work developing gene expression biomarkers of radiation exposure, dose, and injury, we have found many genes are either up-regulated (e.g. CDKN1A, MDM2, BBC3, and CCNG1) or down-regulated (e.g. TCF4 and MYC) in both species after irradiation at ~4 and 8 Gy. However, we have also found genes that are consistently up-regulated in humans and down-regulated in mice (e.g. DDB2, PCNA, GADD45A, SESN1, RRM2B, KCNN4, IFI30, and PTPRO). Here we test a hematopoietically humanized mouse as a potential in vivo model for biodosimetry studies, measuring the response of these 14 genes one day after irradiation at 2 and 4 Gy, and comparing it with that of human blood irradiated ex vivo, and blood from whole body irradiated mice. We found that human blood cells in the hematopoietically humanized mouse in vivo environment recapitulated the gene expression pattern expected from human cells, not the pattern seen from in vivo irradiated normal mice. The results of this study support the use of hematopoietically humanized mice as an in vivo model for screening of radiation response genes relevant to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanaz A Ghandhi
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 W 168th street, VC11-237, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
| | - Lubomir Smilenov
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 W 168th street, VC11-237, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Igor Shuryak
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 W 168th street, VC11-237, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Monica Pujol-Canadell
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 W 168th street, VC11-237, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Sally A Amundson
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 W 168th street, VC11-237, New York, NY, 10032, USA
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17
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Caracasine acid, an ent-3,4-seco-kaurene, promotes apoptosis and cell differentiation through NFkB signal pathway inhibition in leukemia cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 862:172624. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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18
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Simader E, Beer L, Laggner M, Vorstandlechner V, Gugerell A, Erb M, Kalinina P, Copic D, Moser D, Spittler A, Tschachler E, Jan Ankersmit H, Mildner M. Tissue-regenerative potential of the secretome of γ-irradiated peripheral blood mononuclear cells is mediated via TNFRSF1B-induced necroptosis. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:729. [PMID: 31570701 PMCID: PMC6768878 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1974-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) have been shown to produce and release a plethora of pro-angiogenetic factors in response to γ-irradiation, partially accounting for their tissue-regenerative capacity. Here, we investigated whether a certain cell subtype of PBMCs is responsible for this effect, and whether the type of cell death affects the pro-angiogenic potential of bioactive molecules released by γ-irradiated PBMCs. PBMCs and PBMC subpopulations, including CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, B cells, monocytes, and natural killer cells, were isolated and subjected to high-dose γ-irradiation. Transcriptome analysis revealed subpopulation-specific responses to γ-irradiation with distinct activation of pro-angiogenic pathways, cytokine production, and death receptor signalling. Analysis of the proteins released showed that interactions of the subsets are important for the generation of a pro-angiogenic secretome. This result was confirmed at the functional level by the finding that the secretome of γ-irradiated PBMCs displayed higher pro-angiogenic activity in an aortic ring assay. Scanning electron microscopy and image stream analysis of γ-irradiated PBMCs revealed distinct morphological changes, indicative for apoptotic and necroptotic cell death. While inhibition of apoptosis had no effect on the pro-angiogenic activity of the secretome, inhibiting necroptosis in stressed PBMCs abolished blood vessel sprouting. Mechanistically, we identified tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor superfamily member 1B as the main driver of necroptosis in response to γ-irradiation in PBMCs, which was most likely mediated via membrane-bound TNF-α. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that the pro-angiogenic activity of the secretome of γ-irradiated PBMCs requires interplay of different PBMC subpopulations. Furthermore, we show that TNF-dependent necroptosis is an indispensable molecular process for conferring tissue-regenerative activity and for the pro-angiogenic potential of the PBMC secretome. These findings contribute to a better understanding of secretome-based therapies in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Simader
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Rheumatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Division of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,FFG Project 852748 "APOSEC", Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lucian Beer
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Radiology and Cancer Research UK Cambridge Center, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Maria Laggner
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,FFG Project 852748 "APOSEC", Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Vienna Business Agency Project 2343727 "APOSEC to clinic", Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Vera Vorstandlechner
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,FFG Project 852748 "APOSEC", Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Vienna Business Agency Project 2343727 "APOSEC to clinic", Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alfred Gugerell
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,FFG Project 852748 "APOSEC", Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Vienna Business Agency Project 2343727 "APOSEC to clinic", Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Erb
- Synlab Analytics and Services Switzerland AG, Birsfelden, Switzerland
| | - Polina Kalinina
- Research Division of Biology and Pathobiology of the SkinDepartment of Dermatology, Research Division of Biology and Pathobiology of the Skin, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dragan Copic
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,FFG Project 852748 "APOSEC", Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Vienna Business Agency Project 2343727 "APOSEC to clinic", Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Doris Moser
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Spittler
- Research Laboratories, Core Facility Flow Cytometry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Erwin Tschachler
- Research Division of Biology and Pathobiology of the SkinDepartment of Dermatology, Research Division of Biology and Pathobiology of the Skin, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hendrik Jan Ankersmit
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. .,FFG Project 852748 "APOSEC", Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. .,Vienna Business Agency Project 2343727 "APOSEC to clinic", Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Michael Mildner
- Research Division of Biology and Pathobiology of the SkinDepartment of Dermatology, Research Division of Biology and Pathobiology of the Skin, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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19
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Xu Y, Chen L, Liu M, Lu Y, Yue Y, Liu Y, Chen H, Xie F, Zhang C. High-throughput transcriptome sequencing reveals extremely high doses of ionizing radiation-response genes in Caenorhabditis elegans. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2019; 8:754-766. [PMID: 31588352 PMCID: PMC6762013 DOI: 10.1039/c9tx00101h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This study sought novel ionizing radiation-response (IR-response) genes in Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans). C. elegans was divided into three groups and exposed to different high doses of IR: 0 gray (Gy), 200 Gy, and 400 Gy. Total RNA was extracted from each group and sequenced. When the transcriptomes were compared among these groups, many genes were shown to be differentially expressed, and these genes were significantly enriched in IR-related biological processes and pathways, including gene ontology (GO) terms related to cellular behaviours, cellular growth and purine metabolism and kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathways related to ATP binding, GTPase regulator activity, and RNA degradation. Quantitative reverse-transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) confirmed that these genes displayed differential expression across the treatments. Further gene network analysis showed a cluster of novel gene families, such as the guanylate cyclase (GCY), Sm-like protein (LSM), diacylglycerol kinase (DGK), skp1-related protein (SKR), and glutathione S-transferase (GST) gene families which were upregulated. Thus, these genes likely play important roles in IR response. Meanwhile, some important genes that are well known to be involved in key signalling pathways, such as phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C-3 (PLC-3), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase age-1 (AGE-1), Raf homolog serine/threonine-protein kinase (LIN-45) and protein cbp-1 (CBP-1), also showed differential expression during IR response, suggesting that IR response might perturb these key signalling pathways. Our study revealed a series of novel IR-response genes in Caenorhabditis elegans that might act as regulators of IR response and represent promising markers of IR exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youqin Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , School of Basic Medical Science , Southern Medical University and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Single Cell Technology and Application , Guangzhou , Guangdong Province , China . ; Tel: +86-13824447151
- Department of Medical Oncology , Taishan People's Hospital , Guangdong Province , China
| | - Lina Chen
- Basic Medical College , Xiangnan University , Chenzhou , China
| | - Mengyi Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , School of Basic Medical Science , Southern Medical University and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Single Cell Technology and Application , Guangzhou , Guangdong Province , China . ; Tel: +86-13824447151
| | - Yanfang Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , School of Basic Medical Science , Southern Medical University and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Single Cell Technology and Application , Guangzhou , Guangdong Province , China . ; Tel: +86-13824447151
| | - Yanwei Yue
- Blood Transfusion Department , The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , China
| | - Yue Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , School of Basic Medical Science , Southern Medical University and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Single Cell Technology and Application , Guangzhou , Guangdong Province , China . ; Tel: +86-13824447151
| | - Honghao Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , School of Basic Medical Science , Southern Medical University and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Single Cell Technology and Application , Guangzhou , Guangdong Province , China . ; Tel: +86-13824447151
| | - Fuliang Xie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , School of Basic Medical Science , Southern Medical University and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Single Cell Technology and Application , Guangzhou , Guangdong Province , China . ; Tel: +86-13824447151
- Department of Biology , East Carolina University , Greenville , NC , USA
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , School of Basic Medical Science , Southern Medical University and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Single Cell Technology and Application , Guangzhou , Guangdong Province , China . ; Tel: +86-13824447151
- Department of Medical Oncology , Taishan People's Hospital , Guangdong Province , China
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20
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Dando I, Pozza ED, Ambrosini G, Torrens-Mas M, Butera G, Mullappilly N, Pacchiana R, Palmieri M, Donadelli M. Oncometabolites in cancer aggressiveness and tumour repopulation. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2019; 94:1530-1546. [PMID: 30972955 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Tumour repopulation is recognized as a crucial event in tumour relapse where therapy-sensitive dying cancer cells influence the tumour microenvironment to sustain therapy-resistant cancer cell growth. Recent studies highlight the role of the oncometabolites succinate, fumarate, and 2-hydroxyglutarate in the aggressiveness of cancer cells and in the worsening of the patient's clinical outcome. These oncometabolites can be produced and secreted by cancer and/or surrounding cells, modifying the tumour microenvironment and sustaining an invasive neoplastic phenotype. In this review, we report recent findings concerning the role in cancer development of succinate, fumarate, and 2-hydroxyglutarate and the regulation of their related enzymes succinate dehydrogenase, fumarate hydratase, and isocitrate dehydrogenase. We propose that oncometabolites are crucially involved in tumour repopulation. The study of the mechanisms underlying the relationship between oncometabolites and tumour repopulation is fundamental for identifying efficient anti-cancer therapeutic strategies and novel serum biomarkers in order to overcome cancer relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Dando
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Elisa Dalla Pozza
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Giulia Ambrosini
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Margalida Torrens-Mas
- Grupo Multidisciplinar de Oncología Traslacional, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, E-07122, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de las Islas Baleares (IdISBa), Hospital Universitario Son Espases, edificio S, Palma de Mallorca, E-07120, Spain
| | - Giovanna Butera
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Nidula Mullappilly
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Raffaella Pacchiana
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Marta Palmieri
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Massimo Donadelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37134, Verona, Italy
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21
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Aryankalayil MJ, Chopra S, Makinde A, Eke I, Levin J, Shankavaram U, MacMillan L, Vanpouille-Box C, Demaria S, Coleman CN. Microarray analysis of miRNA expression profiles following whole body irradiation in a mouse model. Biomarkers 2018; 23:689-703. [PMID: 29799276 PMCID: PMC6982201 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2018.1479771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Accidental exposure to life-threatening radiation in a nuclear event is a major concern; there is an enormous need for identifying biomarkers for radiation biodosimetry to triage populations and treat critically exposed individuals. OBJECTIVE To identify dose-differentiating miRNA signatures from whole blood samples of whole body irradiated mice. METHODS Mice were whole body irradiated with X-rays (2 Gy-15 Gy); blood was collected at various time-points post-exposure; total RNA was isolated; miRNA microarrays were performed; miRNAs differentially expressed in irradiated vs. unirradiated controls were identified; feature extraction and classification models were applied to predict dose-differentiating miRNA signature. RESULTS We observed a time and dose responsive alteration in the expression levels of miRNAs. Maximum number of miRNAs were altered at 24-h and 48-h time-points post-irradiation. A 23-miRNA signature was identified using feature selection algorithms and classifier models. An inverse correlation in the expression level changes of miR-17 members, and their targets were observed in whole body irradiated mice and non-human primates. CONCLUSION Whole blood-based miRNA expression signatures might be used for predicting radiation exposures in a mass casualty nuclear incident.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molykutty J Aryankalayil
- a Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research , National Cancer Institute , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | - Sunita Chopra
- a Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research , National Cancer Institute , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | - Adeola Makinde
- a Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research , National Cancer Institute , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | - Iris Eke
- a Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research , National Cancer Institute , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | - Joel Levin
- a Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research , National Cancer Institute , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | - Uma Shankavaram
- a Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research , National Cancer Institute , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | | | | | - Sandra Demaria
- c Department of Radiation Oncology , Weill Cornell Medicine , New York , NY , USA
| | - C Norman Coleman
- a Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research , National Cancer Institute , Bethesda , MD , USA
- d Radiation Research Program, National Cancer Institute , National Institutes of Health , Rockville , MD , USA
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22
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Panek A, Miszczyk J, Swakoń J. Biological effects and inter-individual variability in peripheral blood lymphocytes of healthy donors exposed to 60 MeV proton radiotherapeutic beam. Int J Radiat Biol 2018; 94:1085-1094. [PMID: 30273081 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2019.1524941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: The aim of our study was to investigate the amount of initial DNA damage and cellular repair capacity of human peripheral blood lymphocytes exposed to the therapeutic proton beam and compare it to X-rays. Materials and methods: Lymphocytes from 10 healthy donors were irradiated in the Spread Out Bragg Peak of the 60 MeV proton beam or, as a reference, exposed to 250 kV X-rays. DNA damage level was assessed using the alkaline version of the comet assay method. For both sources of radiation, dose-DNA damage response (0-4 Gy) and DNA repair kinetics (0-120 min) were estimated. The observed DNA damage was then used to calculate the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of the proton beam in comparison to that of X-rays. Results: Dose-response relationships for the DNA damage level showed linear dependence for both proton beam and X-rays (R2 = 0.995 for protons and R2 = 0.993 for X-rays). Within the dose range of 1-4 Gy, protons were significantly more effective in inducing DNA damage than were X-rays (p < .05). The average RBE, calculated from the proton and X-ray doses required for the iso-effective, internally standardized tail DNA parameter (sT-DNA) was 1.28 ± 0.57. Similar half-life time of residual damage and repair efficiency of induced DNA damage for both radiation types were observed. In the X-irradiated group, significant inter-individual differences were observed. Conclusions: Proton therapy was more effective at high radiation doses. However, DNA damage repair mechanism after proton irradiation seems to differ from that following X-rays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Panek
- a Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences , Krakow , Poland
| | - Justyna Miszczyk
- a Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences , Krakow , Poland
| | - Jan Swakoń
- a Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences , Krakow , Poland
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23
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Lacombe J, Sima C, Amundson SA, Zenhausern F. Candidate gene biodosimetry markers of exposure to external ionizing radiation in human blood: A systematic review. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198851. [PMID: 29879226 PMCID: PMC5991767 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To compile a list of genes that have been reported to be affected by external ionizing radiation (IR) and to assess their performance as candidate biomarkers for individual human radiation dosimetry. Methods Eligible studies were identified through extensive searches of the online databases from 1978 to 2017. Original English-language publications of microarray studies assessing radiation-induced changes in gene expression levels in human blood after external IR were included. Genes identified in at least half of the selected studies were retained for bio-statistical analysis in order to evaluate their diagnostic ability. Results 24 studies met the criteria and were included in this study. Radiation-induced expression of 10,170 unique genes was identified and the 31 genes that have been identified in at least 50% of studies (12/24 studies) were selected for diagnostic power analysis. Twenty-seven genes showed a significant Spearman’s correlation with radiation dose. Individually, TNFSF4, FDXR, MYC, ZMAT3 and GADD45A provided the best discrimination of radiation dose < 2 Gy and dose ≥ 2 Gy according to according to their maximized Youden’s index (0.67, 0.55, 0.55, 0.55 and 0.53 respectively). Moreover, 12 combinations of three genes display an area under the Receiver Operating Curve (ROC) curve (AUC) = 1 reinforcing the concept of biomarker combinations instead of looking for an ideal and unique biomarker. Conclusion Gene expression is a promising approach for radiation dosimetry assessment. A list of robust candidate biomarkers has been identified from analysis of the studies published to date, confirming for example the potential of well-known genes such as FDXR and TNFSF4 or highlighting other promising gene such as ZMAT3. However, heterogeneity in protocols and analysis methods will require additional studies to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome Lacombe
- Center for Applied NanoBioscience and Medicine, University of Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Chao Sima
- Center for Bioinformatics and Genomic Systems Engineering, Texas A&M Engineering Experiment Station, College Station, TX, United States of America
| | - Sally A. Amundson
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Frederic Zenhausern
- Center for Applied NanoBioscience and Medicine, University of Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
- Honor Health Research Institute, Scottsdale, Arizona, United States of America
- Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
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24
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O'Brien G, Cruz-Garcia L, Majewski M, Grepl J, Abend M, Port M, Tichý A, Sirak I, Malkova A, Donovan E, Gothard L, Boyle S, Somaiah N, Ainsbury E, Ponge L, Slosarek K, Miszczyk L, Widlak P, Green E, Patel N, Kudari M, Gleeson F, Vinnikov V, Starenkiy V, Artiukh S, Vasyliev L, Zaman A, Badie C. FDXR is a biomarker of radiation exposure in vivo. Sci Rep 2018; 8:684. [PMID: 29330481 PMCID: PMC5766591 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-19043-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous investigations in gene expression changes in blood after radiation exposure have highlighted its potential to provide biomarkers of exposure. Here, FDXR transcriptional changes in blood were investigated in humans undergoing a range of external radiation exposure procedures covering several orders of magnitude (cardiac fluoroscopy, diagnostic computed tomography (CT)) and treatments (total body and local radiotherapy). Moreover, a method was developed to assess the dose to the blood using physical exposure parameters. FDXR expression was significantly up-regulated 24 hr after radiotherapy in most patients and continuously during the fractionated treatment. Significance was reached even after diagnostic CT 2 hours post-exposure. We further showed that no significant differences in expression were found between ex vivo and in vivo samples from the same patients. Moreover, potential confounding factors such as gender, infection status and anti-oxidants only affect moderately FDXR transcription. Finally, we provided a first in vivo dose-response showing dose-dependency even for very low doses or partial body exposure showing good correlation between physically and biologically assessed doses. In conclusion, we report the remarkable responsiveness of FDXR to ionising radiation at the transcriptional level which, when measured in the right time window, provides accurate in vivo dose estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gráinne O'Brien
- Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Public Health England, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Lourdes Cruz-Garcia
- Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Public Health England, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | | | - Jakub Grepl
- Department of Radiobiology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences in Hradec Králové, University of Defence in Brno, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.,Biomedical Research Centre, Hradec Králové University Hospital, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Michael Abend
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Port
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Munich, Germany
| | - Aleš Tichý
- Department of Radiobiology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences in Hradec Králové, University of Defence in Brno, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.,Biomedical Research Centre, Hradec Králové University Hospital, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Igor Sirak
- Department of Oncology & Radiotherapy and 4th Department of Internal Medicine - Hematology, University Hospital, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Malkova
- Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Ellen Donovan
- Centre for Vision, Speech and Signal Processing, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7TE, United Kingdom
| | - Lone Gothard
- Institute of Cancer Research/Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Downs Road, Sutton, SM2 5PT, United Kingdom
| | - Sue Boyle
- Institute of Cancer Research/Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Downs Road, Sutton, SM2 5PT, United Kingdom
| | - Navita Somaiah
- Institute of Cancer Research/Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Downs Road, Sutton, SM2 5PT, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth Ainsbury
- Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Public Health England, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Lucyna Ponge
- Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute - Oncology Center, Gliwice Branch, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Slosarek
- Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute - Oncology Center, Gliwice Branch, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Leszek Miszczyk
- Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute - Oncology Center, Gliwice Branch, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Piotr Widlak
- Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute - Oncology Center, Gliwice Branch, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Edward Green
- Department of Radiology, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Neel Patel
- Department of Radiology, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Mahesh Kudari
- Department of Radiology, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Fergus Gleeson
- Department of Radiology, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Volodymyr Vinnikov
- Grigoriev Institute for Medical Radiology, National Academy of Medical Science, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Viktor Starenkiy
- Grigoriev Institute for Medical Radiology, National Academy of Medical Science, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Sergii Artiukh
- Grigoriev Institute for Medical Radiology, National Academy of Medical Science, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Leonid Vasyliev
- Grigoriev Institute for Medical Radiology, National Academy of Medical Science, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Azfar Zaman
- Department of Cardiology, Freeman Hospital and Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Newcastle, United Kingdom
| | - Christophe Badie
- Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Public Health England, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom.
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25
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Safety and tolerability of topically administered autologous, apoptotic PBMC secretome (APOSEC) in dermal wounds: a randomized Phase 1 trial (MARSYAS I). Sci Rep 2017; 7:6216. [PMID: 28740204 PMCID: PMC5524970 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06223-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Developing effective therapies against chronic wound healing deficiencies is a global priority. Thus we evaluated the safety of two different doses of topically administered autologous APOSEC, the secretome of apoptotic peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), in healthy male volunteers with artificial dermal wounds. Ten healthy men were enrolled in a single-center, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled phase 1 trial. Two artificial wounds at the upper arm were generated using a 4-mm punch biopsy. Each participant was treated with both topically applied APOSEC and placebo in NuGel for 7 consecutive days. The volunteers were randomized into two groups: a low-dose group (A) receiving the supernatant of 12.5 × 106 PBMCs and a high-dose group (B) receiving an equivalent of 25 × 106 PBMCs resuspended in NuGel Hydrogel. Irradiated medium served as placebo. The primary outcome was the tolerability of the topical application of APOSEC. All adverse events were recorded until 17 days after the biopsy. Local tolerability assessment was measured on a 4-point scale. Secondary outcomes were wound closure and epithelization at day 7. No therapy-related serious adverse events occurred in any of the participants, and both low- and high-dose treatments were well tolerated. Wound closure was not affected by APOSEC therapy.
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26
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Beer L, Nemec L, Wagner T, Ristl R, Altenburger LM, Ankersmit HJ, Mildner M. Ionizing radiation regulates long non-coding RNAs in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2017; 58:201-209. [PMID: 27974506 PMCID: PMC5603904 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrw111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are non-protein coding transcripts that modulate mRNA and microRNA (miRNA) expression, thereby controlling multiple cellular processes, including transcriptional regulation of gene expression, cell differentiation and apoptosis. Ionizing radiation (IR), a strong cellular stressor, is known to influence gene expression of irradiated cells, mainly by activation of oxidative processes. Whether and how IR also affects lncRNA expression in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) is still poorly understood. Exposure of PBMCs to IR dose-dependently activated p53 and its downstream target p21, ultimately leading to cell-cycle arrest and/or apoptosis. Cleavage of caspase-3, a specific process during apoptotic cell death, was detectable at doses as low as 30 Gy. Transcriptome analysis of 60 Gy-irradiated PBMCs revealed a strong time-dependent regulation of a variety of lncRNAs. Among many unknown lncRNAs we also identified a significant upregulation of Trp53cor1, MEG3 and TUG1, which have been shown to be involved in the regulation of cell cycle and apoptotic processes mediated by p53. In addition, we found 177 miRNAs regulated in the same samples, including several miRNAs that are known targets of upregulated lncRNAs. Our data show that IR dose-dependently regulates the expression of a wide spectrum of lncRNAs in PBMCs, suggesting a crucial role for lncRNAs in the complex regulatory machinery activated in response to IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucian Beer
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Cardiac and Thoracic Diagnosis and Regeneration, Austria
| | - Lucas Nemec
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
- Molecular Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences FH Campus Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tanja Wagner
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Robin Ristl
- Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics, and Intelligent Systems, Section for Medical Statistics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lukas M. Altenburger
- Department of Dermatology, Research Division of Biology and Pathobiology of the Skin, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hendrik Jan Ankersmit
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Cardiac and Thoracic Diagnosis and Regeneration, Austria
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
- Head FFG Project 852748 ‘APOSEC’, FOLAB Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Mildner
- Department of Dermatology, Research Division of Biology and Pathobiology of the Skin, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Corresponding authors. Medical University of Vienna, Department of Dermatology, Research Division of Biology and Pathobiology of the Skin, Lazarettgasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria. Tel: +43-1-40400-73507; Fax: +43-1-40400-73590.
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27
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Hall J, Jeggo PA, West C, Gomolka M, Quintens R, Badie C, Laurent O, Aerts A, Anastasov N, Azimzadeh O, Azizova T, Baatout S, Baselet B, Benotmane MA, Blanchardon E, Guéguen Y, Haghdoost S, Harms-Ringhdahl M, Hess J, Kreuzer M, Laurier D, Macaeva E, Manning G, Pernot E, Ravanat JL, Sabatier L, Tack K, Tapio S, Zitzelsberger H, Cardis E. Ionizing radiation biomarkers in epidemiological studies - An update. MUTATION RESEARCH. REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2017; 771:59-84. [PMID: 28342453 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Recent epidemiology studies highlighted the detrimental health effects of exposure to low dose and low dose rate ionizing radiation (IR): nuclear industry workers studies have shown increased leukaemia and solid tumour risks following cumulative doses of <100mSv and dose rates of <10mGy per year; paediatric patients studies have reported increased leukaemia and brain tumours risks after doses of 30-60mGy from computed tomography scans. Questions arise, however, about the impact of even lower doses and dose rates where classical epidemiological studies have limited power but where subsets within the large cohorts are expected to have an increased risk. Further progress requires integration of biomarkers or bioassays of individual exposure, effects and susceptibility to IR. The European DoReMi (Low Dose Research towards Multidisciplinary Integration) consortium previously reviewed biomarkers for potential use in IR epidemiological studies. Given the increased mechanistic understanding of responses to low dose radiation the current review provides an update covering technical advances and recent studies. A key issue identified is deciding which biomarkers to progress. A roadmap is provided for biomarker development from discovery to implementation and used to summarise the current status of proposed biomarkers for epidemiological studies. Most potential biomarkers remain at the discovery stage and for some there is sufficient evidence that further development is not warranted. One biomarker identified in the final stages of development and as a priority for further research is radiation specific mRNA transcript profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet Hall
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard, Lyon 1, Lyon, F-69424, France.
| | - Penny A Jeggo
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9RQ, United Kingdom
| | - Catharine West
- Translational Radiobiology Group, Institute of Cancer Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Christie Hospital, Manchester, M20 4BX, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Gomolka
- Federal Office for Radiation Protection, Department of Radiation Protection and Health, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Roel Quintens
- Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, SCK·CEN, B-2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Christophe Badie
- Cancer Mechanisms and Biomarkers group, Radiation Effects Department, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Public Health England, Chilton, Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - Olivier Laurent
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, F-92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - An Aerts
- Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, SCK·CEN, B-2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Nataša Anastasov
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Institute of Radiation Biology, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Omid Azimzadeh
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Institute of Radiation Biology, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Tamara Azizova
- Southern Urals Biophysics Institute, Clinical Department, Ozyorsk, Russia
| | - Sarah Baatout
- Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, SCK·CEN, B-2400 Mol, Belgium; Cell Systems and Imaging Research Group, Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bjorn Baselet
- Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, SCK·CEN, B-2400 Mol, Belgium; Pole of Pharmacology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mohammed A Benotmane
- Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, SCK·CEN, B-2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Eric Blanchardon
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, F-92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Yann Guéguen
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, F-92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Siamak Haghdoost
- Centre for Radiation Protection Research, Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, SE 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mats Harms-Ringhdahl
- Centre for Radiation Protection Research, Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, SE 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Julia Hess
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Institute of Radiation Biology, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Michaela Kreuzer
- Federal Office for Radiation Protection, Department of Radiation Protection and Health, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Dominique Laurier
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, F-92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Ellina Macaeva
- Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, SCK·CEN, B-2400 Mol, Belgium; Cell Systems and Imaging Research Group, Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Grainne Manning
- Cancer Mechanisms and Biomarkers group, Radiation Effects Department, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Public Health England, Chilton, Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - Eileen Pernot
- INSERM U897, Université de Bordeaux, F-33076 Bordeaux cedex, France
| | - Jean-Luc Ravanat
- Laboratoire des Lésions des Acides Nucléiques, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, INAC-SCIB, F-38000 Grenoble, France; Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique, INAC-SyMMES, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Laure Sabatier
- Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique, BP6, F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Karine Tack
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, F-92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Soile Tapio
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Institute of Radiation Biology, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Horst Zitzelsberger
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Institute of Radiation Biology, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Cardis
- Barcelona Institute of Global Health (ISGlobal), Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology, Radiation Programme, Barcelona Biomedical Research Park, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF) (MTD formerly), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.
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Abstract
For almost two decades, cell-based therapies have been tested in modern regenerative medicine to either replace or regenerate human cells, tissues, or organs and restore normal function. Secreted paracrine factors are increasingly accepted to exert beneficial biological effects that promote tissue regeneration. These factors are called the cell secretome and include a variety of proteins, lipids, microRNAs, and extracellular vesicles, such as exosomes and microparticles. The stem cell secretome has most commonly been investigated in pre-clinical settings. However, a growing body of evidence indicates that other cell types, such as peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), are capable of releasing significant amounts of biologically active paracrine factors that exert beneficial regenerative effects. The apoptotic PBMC secretome has been successfully used pre-clinically for the treatment of acute myocardial infarction, chronic heart failure, spinal cord injury, stroke, and wound healing. In this review we describe the benefits of choosing PBMCs instead of stem cells in regenerative medicine and characterize the factors released from apoptotic PBMCs. We also discuss pre-clinical studies with apoptotic cell-based therapies and regulatory issues that have to be considered when conducting clinical trials using cell secretome-based products. This should allow the reader to envision PBMC secretome-based therapies as alternatives to all other forms of cell-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucian Beer
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Cardiac and Thoracic Diagnosis and Regeneration, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Mildner
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mariann Gyöngyösi
- Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hendrik Jan Ankersmit
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Cardiac and Thoracic Diagnosis and Regeneration, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
- Head FFG Project 852748 "APOSEC", FOLAB Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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29
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Kasiri MM, Beer L, Nemec L, Gruber F, Pietkiewicz S, Haider T, Simader EM, Traxler D, Schweiger T, Janik S, Taghavi S, Gabriel C, Mildner M, Ankersmit HJ. Dying blood mononuclear cell secretome exerts antimicrobial activity. Eur J Clin Invest 2016; 46:853-63. [PMID: 27513763 PMCID: PMC5113772 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several activities are attributed to antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), including bacterial killing, leucocyte recruitment and angiogenesis. Despite promises of advanced cellular therapies for treatment of diabetic foot ulcer, it is currently accepted that paracrine factors rather than cellular components are causative for the observed effects. Whether AMPs are present in the mononuclear cell (MNC) secretome (MNC-sec) of white blood cells that are beneficial in experimental wound healing is not known. MATERIALS AND METHODS Antimicrobial activity of the secretomes of nonirradiated (MNC-sec) and γ-irradiated MNCs (MNC-sec rad) was analysed by microdilution assay. AMPs were determined by quantitative real-time PCR (RT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Whether human MNC-sec rad causes AMP secretion in vivo was examined in an experimental rat model. Image flow cytometry was used to determine the type of cell death induced in MNCs after exposure to γ-radiation. RESULTS The antimicrobial activity assay revealed a bactericidal activity of MNC-sec rad and to a lesser degree also of MNC-sec. Image flow cytometry showed that γ-irradiation of MNCs induced early apoptosis followed mainly by necroptosis. RT-PCR and ELISA revealed a high abundance of different AMPs in the secretome of MNCs. In addition, human MNC-sec elicited an increase in de novo endogenous AMP production in rats in vivo. CONCLUSION We provide evidence that the secretome of MNCs has direct and indirect positive effects on the immune defence system, including augmentation of antibacterial properties. Our data further suggest that necroptosis could play a key role for the release of paracrine factors and the therapeutic action of MNC-sec rad.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mahdi Kasiri
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Cardiac and Thoracic Diagnosis and Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lucian Beer
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Cardiac and Thoracic Diagnosis and Regeneration, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lucas Nemec
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Florian Gruber
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Biotechnology of Skin Aging, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sabine Pietkiewicz
- Translational Inflammation Research, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Haider
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Cardiac and Thoracic Diagnosis and Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Maria Simader
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Cardiac and Thoracic Diagnosis and Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Denise Traxler
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Cardiac and Thoracic Diagnosis and Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Schweiger
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Janik
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Cardiac and Thoracic Diagnosis and Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Shahrokh Taghavi
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Michael Mildner
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Hendrik Jan Ankersmit
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Cardiac and Thoracic Diagnosis and Regeneration, Vienna, Austria. .,Division of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. .,Head FFG Project 852748 'APOSEC', Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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Soltani B, Ghaemi N, Sadeghizadeh M, Najafi F. Redox maintenance and concerted modulation of gene expression and signaling pathways by a nanoformulation of curcumin protects peripheral blood mononuclear cells against gamma radiation. Chem Biol Interact 2016; 257:81-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2016.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Paracrine Factors from Irradiated Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Improve Skin Regeneration and Angiogenesis in a Porcine Burn Model. Sci Rep 2016; 6:25168. [PMID: 27125302 PMCID: PMC4850437 DOI: 10.1038/srep25168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Burn wounds pose a serious threat to patients and often require surgical treatment. Skin grafting aims to achieve wound closure but requires a well-vascularized wound bed. The secretome of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) has been shown to improve wound healing and angiogenesis. We hypothesized that topical application of the PBMC secretome would improve the quality of regenerating skin, increase angiogenesis, and reduce scar formation after burn injury and skin grafting in a porcine model. Full-thickness burn injuries were created on the back of female pigs. Necrotic areas were excised and the wounds were covered with split-thickness mesh skin grafts. Wounds were treated repeatedly with either the secretome of cultured PBMCs (Sec(PBMC)), apoptotic PBMCs (Apo-Sec(PBMC)), or controls. The wounds treated with Apo-Sec(PBMC) had an increased epidermal thickness, higher number of rete ridges, and more advanced epidermal differentiation than controls. The samples treated with Apo-Sec(PBMC) had a two-fold increase in CD31+ cells, indicating more angiogenesis. These data suggest that the repeated application of Apo-Sec(PBMC) significantly improves epidermal thickness, angiogenesis, and skin quality in a porcine model of burn injury and skin grafting.
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Analysis of the Secretome of Apoptotic Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells: Impact of Released Proteins and Exosomes for Tissue Regeneration. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16662. [PMID: 26567861 PMCID: PMC4645175 DOI: 10.1038/srep16662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously showed that, when peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were stressed with ionizing radiation, they released paracrine factors that showed regenerative capacity in vitro and in vivo. This study aimed to characterize the secretome of PBMCs and to investigate its biologically active components in vitro and vivo. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that irradiated PBMCs differentially expressed genes that encoded secreted proteins. These genes were primarily involved in (a) pro-angiogenic and regenerative pathways and (b) the generation of oxidized phospholipids with known pro-angiogenic and inflammation-modulating properties. Subsequently, in vitro assays showed that the exosome and protein fractions of irradiated and non-irradiated PBMC secretome were the major biological components that enhanced cell mobility; conversely, secreted lipids and microparticles had no effects. We tested a viral-cleared PBMC secretome, prepared according to good manufacturing practice (GMP), in a porcine model of closed chest, acute myocardial infarction. We found that the potency for preventing ventricular remodeling was similar with the GMP-compliant and experimentally-prepared PBMC secretomes. Our results indicate that irradiation modulates the release of proteins, lipid-mediators and extracellular vesicles from human PBMCs. In addition our findings implicate the use of secretome fractions as valuable material for the development of cell-free therapies in regenerative medicine.
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Effect of 90Sr internal emitter on gene expression in mouse blood. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:586. [PMID: 26251171 PMCID: PMC4528784 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-1774-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The radioactive isotope Strontium-90 (90Sr) may be released as a component of fallout from nuclear accidents, or in the event of a radiological incident such as detonation of an improvised nuclear device, and if ingested poses a significant health risk to exposed individuals. In order to better understand the response to 90Sr, using an easily attainable and standard biodosimetry sample fluid, we analyzed the global transcriptomic response of blood cells in an in vivo model system. Results We injected C57BL/6 mice with a solution of 90SrCl2 and followed them over a 30-day period. At days 4, 7, 9, 25 and 30, we collected blood and isolated RNA for microarray analyses. These days corresponded to target doses in a range from 1–5 Gy. We investigated changes in mRNA levels using microarrays, and changes in specific microRNA (miRNA) predicted to be involved in the response using qRT-PCR. We identified 8082 differentially expressed genes in the blood of mice exposed to 90Sr compared with controls. Common biological functions were affected throughout the study, including apoptosis of B and T lymphocytes, and atrophy of lymphoid organs. Cellular functions such as RNA degradation and lipid metabolism were also affected during the study. The broad down regulation of genes observed in our study suggested a potential role for miRNA in gene regulation. We tested candidate miRNAs, mmu-miR-16, mmu-miR-124, mmu-miR-125 and mmu-mir-21; and found that all were induced at the earliest time point, day 4. Conclusions Our study is the first to report the transcriptomic response of blood cells to the internal emitter 90Sr in mouse and a possible role for microRNA in gene regulation after 90Sr exposure. The most dramatic effect was observed on gene expression related to B-cell development and RNA maintenance. These functions were affected by genes that were down regulated throughout the study, suggesting severely compromised antigen response, which may be a result of the deposition of the radioisotope proximal to the hematopoietic compartment in bone. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-015-1774-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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