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Sadeq M, Sayyed M, Abdo M, Ali HE, Mahmoud AER, Ahmed H. Compositional dependence of transparency, linear and non-linear optical parameters, and radiation shielding properties in lanthanum, iron and calcium borate glasses. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2023; 212:111027. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2023.111027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Hardell L, Koppel T. Electromagnetic hypersensitivity close to mobile phone base stations - a case study in Stockholm, Sweden. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2023; 38:219-228. [PMID: 35238501 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2021-0169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A previously healthy worker developed symptoms assigned to electromagnetic hypersensitivity (EHS) after moving to an office with exposure to high levels of anthropogenic electromagnetic fields (EMFs). These symptoms consisted of e.g. headache, arthralgia, tinnitus, dizziness, memory loss, fatique, insomnia, transitory cardiovascular abnormalities, and skin lesions. Most of the symptoms were alleviated after 2 weeks sick leave. The highest radiofrequency (RF) field level at the working place was 1.72 V/m (7,852 μW/m2). Maximum value for extremely low frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) from electric power at 50 Hz was measured to 285 nT (mean 241 nT). For electric train ELF-EMF at 16.7 Hz was measured to 383 nT (mean 76 nT). Exposure to EMFs at the working place could be the cause for developing EHS related symptoms. The association was strengthened by the symptom reduction outside the working place.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lennart Hardell
- The Environment and Cancer Research Foundation, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Tarmo Koppel
- Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
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Leszczynski D. Review of the scientific evidence on the individual sensitivity to electromagnetic fields (EHS). REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2022; 37:423-450. [PMID: 34229366 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2021-0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Part of the population considers themselves as sensitive to the man-made electromagnetic radiation (EMF) emitted by powerlines, electric wiring, electric home appliance and the wireless communication devices and networks. Sensitivity is characterized by a broad variety of non-specific symptoms that the sensitive people claim to experience when exposed to EMF. While the experienced symptoms are currently considered as a real life impairment, the factor causing these symptoms remains unclear. So far, scientists were unable to find causality link between symptoms experienced by sensitive persons and the exposures to EMF. However, as presented in this review, the executed to-date scientific studies, examining sensitivity to EMF, are of poor quality to find the link between EMF exposures and sensitivity symptoms of some people. It is logical to consider that the sensitivity to EMF exists but the scientific methodology used to find it is of insufficient quality. It is time to drop out psychology driven provocation studies that ask about feelings-based non-specific symptoms experienced by volunteers under EMF exposure. Such research approach produces only subjective and therefore highly unreliable data that is insufficient to prove, or to disprove, causality link between EHS and EMF. There is a need for a new direction in studying sensitivity to EMF. The basis for it is the notion of a commonly known phenomenon of individual sensitivity, where individuals' responses to EMF depend on the genetic and epigenetic properties of the individual. It is proposed here that new studies, combining provocation approach, where volunteers are exposed to EMF, and high-throughput technologies of transcriptomics and proteomics are used to generate objective data, detecting molecular level biochemical responses of human body to EMF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariusz Leszczynski
- Adjunct Professor of Biochemistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Khalil AM, Al-Qaoud KM, Alemam IF, Okour MA. Mobile phone radiation might alter gene expression in the oral squamous epithelial cells. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s43042-022-00231-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Accumulating evidence has shown that radiofrequency radiation (RFR) emitted by mobile phones is a potential factor for DNA damage. Whether RFR affects the gene expression of human genes still requires further research. This may help in understanding the mechanisms of action of this radiation. On the assumption that expression of BAMBI and Survivin in the oral squamous epithelial cells might be modified in response to RF electromagnetic field (RF-EMF) exposure, the current study was conducted on a group of young university student volunteers.
Results
Statistical analysis of the RT-PCR data indicated that no significant association (P value ˃ 0.05) exists between the expression of either gene, and neither the length of history nor the frequency of the phone use.
Conclusions
Although no clear RF-EMF signature on gene expression could be detected in this in this preliminary study, it is one of the few studies indicating that molecular-level changes might take place in humans in response to chronic mobile phone EMR exposure. Further investigations in this field are warranted.
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Mohamad EA, Elfky AA, El-Gebaly RH, Afify A. Study the change in the mosquito larvae ( Culex pipiens) in water treated with short pulses electric filed. Electromagn Biol Med 2021; 41:80-92. [PMID: 34879211 DOI: 10.1080/15368378.2021.2012787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Electrical Pulsed Field (PEF), of pulse duration in 4 milliseconds, effect on mosquito larvae (Culex pipiens) as aquatic insects is assessed in this work. Mosquito larvae classes have been treated with electric field power values (66.66, 83.33, 100, 116.66 V/cm) with separate pulse number (60) and other classes of various pulse numbers have been treated (20, 40, 60, 80) with power of the electrical field 100 V/cm. The findings revealed that positively significant of increase of the applied electrical field strength or increase of the number of pulses. The rise in both cases leads to an increase in the mortality of 25%, 50%, and 75% of the mosquito larvae (P < .05). The impact was calculated with the bioassay system on mosque larvae, SDS-PAGE for whole body proteins, enzyme analysis and ultrastructural examination using TEM. The current study reveals that a low pulsed electric field can cause mosquito larvae genotoxic, changes in the insect's body proteins, which may affect the insect's ability to live. The increase in pulsed electric field parameters also activates oxidative stress in the insect cell by disrupting its secretion of enzymes that could affect the mosquito's capabilities in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebtesam A Mohamad
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Alyaa A Elfky
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Reem H El-Gebaly
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amira Afify
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Kim JH, Kang DJ, Bae JS, Lee JH, Jeon S, Choi HD, Kim N, Kim HG, Kim HR. Activation of matrix metalloproteinases and FoxO3a in HaCaT keratinocytes by radiofrequency electromagnetic field exposure. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7680. [PMID: 33828192 PMCID: PMC8027011 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87263-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
As the skin is the largest body organ and critically serves as a barrier, it is frequently exposed and could be physiologically affected by radiofrequency electromagnetic field (RF-EMF) exposure. In this study, we found that 1760 MHz RF-EMF (4.0 W/kg specific absorption rate for 2 h/day during 4 days) exposure could induce intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in HaCaT human keratinocytes using 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescin diacetate fluorescent probe analysis. However, cell growth and viability were unaffected by RF-EMF exposure. Since oxidative stress in the skin greatly influences the skin-aging process, we analyzed the skin senescence-related factors activated by ROS generation. Matrix metalloproteinases 1, 3, and 7 (MMP1, MMP3, and MMP7), the main skin wrinkle-related proteins, were significantly increased in HaCaT cells after RF-EMF exposure. Additionally, the gelatinolytic activities of secreted MMP2 and MMP9 were also increased by RF-EMF exposure. FoxO3a (Ser318/321) and ERK1/2 (Thr 202/Tyr 204) phosphorylation levels were significantly increased by RF-EMF exposure. However, Bcl2 and Bax expression levels were not significantly changed, indicating that the apoptotic pathway was not activated in keratinocytes following RF-EMF exposure. In summary, our findings show that exposure to 1760 MHz RF-EMF induces ROS generation, leading to MMP activation and FoxO3a and ERK1/2 phosphorylation. These data suggest that RF-EMF exposure induces cellular senescence of skin cells through ROS induction in HaCaT human keratinocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Hwan Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Dankook University, 119 Dandaero, Cheonan, Chungnam, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Jun Kang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Dankook University, 119 Dandaero, Cheonan, Chungnam, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Sang Bae
- Medical Laser Research Center, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jai Hyuen Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangbong Jeon
- Radio and Broadcasting Technology Laboratory, ETRI, Daejeon, 34129, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Do Choi
- Radio and Broadcasting Technology Laboratory, ETRI, Daejeon, 34129, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Kim
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Gun Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Dankook University, 119 Dandaero, Cheonan, Chungnam, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Hak Rim Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Dankook University, 119 Dandaero, Cheonan, Chungnam, 31116, Republic of Korea.
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Cellular Phone Use and Risk of Tumors: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17218079. [PMID: 33147845 PMCID: PMC7663653 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17218079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We investigated whether cellular phone use was associated with increased risk of tumors using a meta-analysis of case-control studies. PubMed and EMBASE were searched from inception to July 2018. The primary outcome was the risk of tumors by cellular phone use, which was measured by pooling each odds ratio (OR) and its 95% confidence interval (CI). In a meta-analysis of 46 case-control studies, compared with never or rarely having used a cellular phone, regular use was not associated with tumor risk in the random-effects meta-analysis. However, in the subgroup meta-analysis by research group, there was a statistically significant positive association (harmful effect) in the Hardell et al. studies (OR, 1.15-95% CI, 1.00 to 1.33- n = 10), a statistically significant negative association (beneficial effect) in the INTERPHONE-related studies (case-control studies from 13 countries coordinated by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC); (OR, 0.81-95% CI, 0.75 to 0.89-n = 9), and no statistically significant association in other research groups' studies. Further, cellular phone use with cumulative call time more than 1000 h statistically significantly increased the risk of tumors. This comprehensive meta-analysis of case-control studies found evidence that linked cellular phone use to increased tumor risk.
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Szilágyi Z, Németh Z, Bakos J, Necz PP, Sáfár A, Kubinyi G, Selmaoui B, Thuróczy G. Evaluation of Inflammation by Cytokine Production Following Combined Exposure to Ultraviolet and Radiofrequency Radiation of Mobile Phones on 3D Reconstructed Human Skin In Vitro. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17124401. [PMID: 32575398 PMCID: PMC7344923 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17124401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The absorption of exposure to radiofrequency (RF) emitted by wireless devices leads to a high specific absorption rate in the skin. Ultraviolet (UV) radiation can induce several damages to the skin. The aim of this study was to examine whether combined, consecutive exposure to solar UV radiation and 1950 MHz RF exposure of third generation (3G) mobile system have any effect on inflammation processes in the skin. Under in vitro experiments, the inflammation process was examined by cytokines (IL-1α, IL-6, and IL-8) and MMP-1 enzyme secretion on 3D full thickness human skin model. The RF exposure was applied before or after UV irradiation, in order to study either the possible cooperative or protective effects of exposure to RF and UV. We did not find changes in cytokines due to exposure to RF alone. The RF exposure did not enhance the effects of UV radiation. There was a statistically not-significant decrease in cytokines when the skin tissues were pre-exposed to RF before being exposed to 4 standard erythemal dose (SED) UV compared to UV exposure alone. We found that RF exposure reduced the previously UV-treated MMP-1 enzyme concentration. This study might support the evaluation of the effects on the skin exposed to microwave radiation of 5G mobile technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsófia Szilágyi
- Department of Non-ionizing radiation, National Public Health Center, H-1221 Budapest, Hungary; (Z.S.); (Z.N.); (P.P.N.); (A.S.); (G.K.); (G.T.)
| | - Zsuzsanna Németh
- Department of Non-ionizing radiation, National Public Health Center, H-1221 Budapest, Hungary; (Z.S.); (Z.N.); (P.P.N.); (A.S.); (G.K.); (G.T.)
| | - József Bakos
- Department of Non-ionizing radiation, National Public Health Center, H-1221 Budapest, Hungary; (Z.S.); (Z.N.); (P.P.N.); (A.S.); (G.K.); (G.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +36-1-482-2019
| | - Péter Pál Necz
- Department of Non-ionizing radiation, National Public Health Center, H-1221 Budapest, Hungary; (Z.S.); (Z.N.); (P.P.N.); (A.S.); (G.K.); (G.T.)
| | - Anna Sáfár
- Department of Non-ionizing radiation, National Public Health Center, H-1221 Budapest, Hungary; (Z.S.); (Z.N.); (P.P.N.); (A.S.); (G.K.); (G.T.)
| | - Györgyi Kubinyi
- Department of Non-ionizing radiation, National Public Health Center, H-1221 Budapest, Hungary; (Z.S.); (Z.N.); (P.P.N.); (A.S.); (G.K.); (G.T.)
| | - Brahim Selmaoui
- Department of Experimental Toxicology, National Institute of Industrial Environment and Risks (INERIS), 60550 Verneuilen Halate, France;
- PériTox Laboratory, UMR-I 01 INERIS, Picardie Jules Verne University, 80025 Amiens, France
| | - György Thuróczy
- Department of Non-ionizing radiation, National Public Health Center, H-1221 Budapest, Hungary; (Z.S.); (Z.N.); (P.P.N.); (A.S.); (G.K.); (G.T.)
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Qu X, Li Q, Zhang X, Wang Z, Wang S, Zhou Z. Amentoflavone protects the hematopoietic system of mice against γ-irradiation. Arch Pharm Res 2019; 42:1021-1029. [PMID: 31549342 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-019-01187-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Some flavonoids have been shown to exhibit good antioxidant activity and protect mice from damage induced by radiation. Amentoflavone (AMF), a biflavonoid derived from the traditional herb-Selaginella tamariscina, has been reported to have antioxidant properties. The protective effects and mechanism of action of AMF against radiation injury remain unknown. In this study, male C57BL/6 mice were subjected to total-body 60Co γ-irradiation at 7.5 or 3.0 Gy. The survival rate and mean survival time were evaluated to determine the radioprotective effect of AMF. Number of peripheral blood cells, frequency of colony forming unit-granulocytes, monocytes and micronuclei were measured to assess the protective effects of AMF on the hematopoietic system. Levels of superoxide dismutase and glutathione, and pathological changes in the bone marrow were determined. Additionally, next-generation sequencing technology was used to explore potential targets of AMF. We observed that AMF markedly extends average survival time, reduces injury to the hematopoietic system and promotes its recovery. Furthermore, treatment with AMF significantly attenuated radiation-induced oxidative stress. In addition, AMF had a significant effect on gene tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced protein 2. Together, the results of this study suggest that AMF is a potential protective agent against radiation injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyan Qu
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China.,Laboratory of Immunology for Environment and Health, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Qingjun Li
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaojuan Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China.,Public Health Department of Medical School of Qinghai University, Xining, 810001, Qinghai, China
| | - Zhaofen Wang
- Public Health Department of Medical School of Qinghai University, Xining, 810001, Qinghai, China
| | - Shengqi Wang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Zhe Zhou
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China.
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Jabali O, Saeedi M, Shbeitah G, Ayyoub AA. Medical faculty members' perception of smartphones as an educational tool. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2019; 19:264. [PMID: 31315611 PMCID: PMC6637609 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-019-1697-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The rapid adoption of modern technology has changed many aspects of our life and communication; it has the power to influence and change the way we teach, learn and practice different types of professions mainly teaching and health care providing. Smartphone applications are increasingly becoming popular and widespread. Generally, these applications are likely to play a significant role in supporting education, in general, and medical education, in particular. This study aims at investigating how medical faculty members are using smartphones in medical education and practice, and how they perceive them as an educational tool at university level. METHODS The researchers have distributed an online questionnaire - including three parts: a demographic part with five variables; a 15-item part of various applications of the smartphones; and a 14-item part measuring attitudes towards using these smartphones - among medical faculty members at two Palestinian universities. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Medical faculty members working at two Palestinian universities. Data have been collected from 30 participants out of 72 representing a response rate of 41.6%. RESULTS The average skills score with smartphones usage is (3.18) which tells that faculty members use smartphones to support their teaching practices. In general, faculty members are positive towards smartphones as a prospective teaching tool since the average attitude towards using smartphones is (3.60). The study results show no significant differences among faculty members based on the five demographic variables, i.e. university, title, department affiliation, gender, and years of experience. CONCLUSION It seems that the majority of faculty members believe that smartphones would be a significant instrument as well as addition to their teaching practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oqab Jabali
- Language Center, Faculty of Humanities, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Munther Saeedi
- Language Center, Faculty of Humanities, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Ghada Shbeitah
- Language Center, Faculty of Humanities, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Abed Alkarim Ayyoub
- Faculty of Educational Sciences and Teachers’ Training, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
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Baby NM, Koshy G, Mathew A. The Effect of Electromagnetic Radiation due to Mobile Phone Use on Thyroid Function in Medical Students Studying in a Medical College in South India. Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2017; 21:797-802. [PMID: 29285437 PMCID: PMC5729662 DOI: 10.4103/ijem.ijem_12_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enormous increase in mobile phone use throughout the world raises widespread concerns about its possible detrimental effect on human health. Radiofrequency waves are emitted by cell phones. They are non-ionising and the effect on the thyroid gland is part of their non thermal effects. The thyroid gland may be particularly vulnerable to this effect because of its normal anatomical position. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was done to explore the association between radiation exposure and thyroid dysfunction among mobile phone users. It had an exploratory design and unit survey method to collect information from all medical students in a medical college in South India. Inclusion criteria included active use of mobile phone prior to and during the study period. Criteria for exclusion was presence of pre-existsting thyroid disease,thyroid nodule,thyroid goitre/nodule and altered thyroid function. RESULTS The sample size was 83 undergraduate students. 71% of respondents had no family history of thyroid illness. Among the remainder,20.5% had a first degree relative with thyroid dysfunction,8.4% had a second degree relative affected. Clinical examination revealed that 79.5% of the respondents were normal,13.6% had thyroid swelling,3.6% had symptoms of thyroid dysfunction and 3.6% had both thyroid swelling and symptoms of thyroid dysfunction. 53% of the respondents spent 0.5 hrs on an average talking on the phone daily,28.9% spent 1.5 hrs daily and 10.8% of respondents spent over 3.5 hours. We found there was a significant correlation between total radiation exposure and an increase in TSH among both groups -in those with and without family history of thyroid illness. CONCLUSION In our study there was a significant correlation between total radiation exposure and increasing TSH values among both all respondents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Mary Baby
- Department of Medicine, MOSC Medical College, Kolencherry, Ernakulam, Kerala, India
| | - George Koshy
- Department of Medicine, MOSC Medical College, Kolencherry, Ernakulam, Kerala, India
| | - Anna Mathew
- Department of Pharmacology, MOSC Medical College, Kolencherry, Ernakulam, Kerala, India
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Sepehrimanesh M, Kazemipour N, Saeb M, Nazifi S, Davis DL. Proteomic analysis of continuous 900-MHz radiofrequency electromagnetic field exposure in testicular tissue: a rat model of human cell phone exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:13666-13673. [PMID: 28397118 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-8882-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Although cell phones have been used worldwide, some adverse and toxic effects were reported for this communication technology apparatus. To analyze in vivo effects of exposure to radiofrequency-electromagnetic field (RF-EMF) on protein expression in rat testicular proteome, 20 Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to 900 MHz RF-EMF for 0, 1, 2, or 4 h/day for 30 consecutive days. Protein content of rat testes was separated by high-resolution two-dimensional electrophoresis using immobilized pH gradient (pI 4-7, 7 cm) and 12% acrylamide and identified by MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS. Two protein spots were found differentially overexpressed (P < 0.05) in intensity and volume with induction factors 1.7 times greater after RF-EMF exposure. After 4 h of daily exposure for 30 consecutive days, ATP synthase beta subunit (ASBS) and hypoxia up-regulated protein 1 precursor (HYOU1) were found to be significantly up-regulated. These proteins affect signaling pathways in rat testes and spermatogenesis and play a critical role in protein folding and secretion in the endoplasmic reticulum. Our results indicate that exposure to RF-EMF produces increases in testicular proteins in adults that are related to carcinogenic risk and reproductive damage. In light of the widespread practice of men carrying phones in their pockets near their gonads, where exposures can exceed as-tested guidelines, further study of these effects should be a high priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masood Sepehrimanesh
- Gastroenterohepatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Po. Box: 17935-1311, Shiraz, Iran.
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Nasrin Kazemipour
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Saeb
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Saeed Nazifi
- Department of Clinical Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
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Tanvir S, Thuróczy G, Selmaoui B, Silva Pires Antonietti V, Sonnet P, Arnaud-Cormos D, Lévêque P, Pulvin S, de Seze R. Effects of 3G cell phone exposure on the structure and function of the human cytochrome P450 reductase. Bioelectrochemistry 2016; 111:62-9. [PMID: 27243445 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2016.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cell phones increase exposure to radiofrequency (RF) electromagnetic fields (EMFs). Whether EMFs exert specific effects on biological systems remains debatable. This study investigated the effect of cell phone exposure on the structure and function of human NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR). CPR plays a key role in the electron transfer to cytochrome P450, which takes part in a wide range of oxidative metabolic reactions in various organisms from microbes to humans. Human CPR was exposed for 60min to 1966-MHz RF inside a transverse electromagnetic cell (TEM-cell) placed in an incubator. The specific absorption rate (SAR) was 5W·kg(-1). Conformation changes have been detected through fluorescent spectroscopy of flavin and tryptophan residues, and investigated through circular dichroism, dynamic light scattering and microelectrophoresis. These showed that CPR was narrowed. By using cytochrome C reductase activity to assess the electron flux through the CPR, the Michaelis Menten constant (Km) and the maximum initial velocity (Vmax) decreased by 22% as compared with controls. This change was due to small changes in the tertiary and secondary structures of the protein at 37°C. The relevance of these findings to an actual RF exposure scenario demands further biochemical and in-vivo confirmation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shazia Tanvir
- Sorbonne Universités, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, Laboratoire de Génie Enzymatique et Cellulaire, FRE CNRS 3580, CS60319, 60203 Compiègne Cedex. France
| | - György Thuróczy
- Unité de toxicologie expérimentale TOXI-PériTox UMR-I 01, Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des RISques (INERIS), Parc ALATA BP2, 60 550, Verneuil-en-Halatte, France; PériTOX, UPJV, Faculté de Médecine, 80 000 Amiens, France
| | - Brahim Selmaoui
- Unité de toxicologie expérimentale TOXI-PériTox UMR-I 01, Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des RISques (INERIS), Parc ALATA BP2, 60 550, Verneuil-en-Halatte, France; PériTOX, UPJV, Faculté de Médecine, 80 000 Amiens, France
| | - Viviane Silva Pires Antonietti
- Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Laboratoire de Glycochimie, des Antimicrobiens et des Agroressources, UMR CNRS 7378, UFR de Pharmacie, 80 037, Amiens, France
| | - Pascal Sonnet
- Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Laboratoire de Glycochimie, des Antimicrobiens et des Agroressources, UMR CNRS 7378, UFR de Pharmacie, 80 037, Amiens, France
| | | | - Philippe Lévêque
- Université de Limoges, CNRS, XLIM, UMR 7252, F-87000, Limoges, France
| | - Sylviane Pulvin
- Sorbonne Universités, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, Laboratoire de Génie Enzymatique et Cellulaire, FRE CNRS 3580, CS60319, 60203 Compiègne Cedex. France
| | - René de Seze
- Unité de toxicologie expérimentale TOXI-PériTox UMR-I 01, Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des RISques (INERIS), Parc ALATA BP2, 60 550, Verneuil-en-Halatte, France; PériTOX, UPJV, Faculté de Médecine, 80 000 Amiens, France.
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15
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Seada MA, Elkholy SE, Meshrif WS. Does the cellphone radio-frequency electromagnetic radiation during ringing or talking modes induce locomotor disturbance inDrosophila melanogaster? AFRICAN ZOOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/15627020.2016.1151828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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16
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Kim KH, Kabir E, Jahan SA. The use of cell phone and insight into its potential human health impacts. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2016; 188:221. [PMID: 26965900 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-016-5227-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The rapid evolution of mobile phone technology has raised public concern about its possible association with adverse health effects. Given the huge number of mobile phone users at present days, even simple adverse health effects could have major implications. This article reviews the present knowledge concerning the health effects stemming from the use of cellular phones by emphasizing adverse biological effects, epidemiological issues, and indirect health effects. A line of epidemiological evidence suggests that there is no concrete association between mobile phone radiation and cancer. The evidence regarding the occurrence of cancer due to exposure to the radio frequency energy of mobile phones is nonetheless conflicting. Consequently, long-term research in this field is necessary to account for the vital issue of this scientific research to the public in a meaningful way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Hyun Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ehsanul Kabir
- Department of Farm, Power and Machinery, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
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17
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Abstract
This article examines the health implications of new age technology use among adolescents. As Internet prevalence has increased, researchers have found evidence of potential negative health consequences on adolescents. Internet addiction has become a serious issue. Pornography is now easily accessible to youth and studies have related pornography with several negative health effects. Cyberbullying has become a large problem as new age technologies have created a new and easy outlet for adolescents to bully one another. These technologies are related to increased morbidity and mortality, such as suicides due to cyberbullying and motor vehicle deaths due to texting while driving.
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18
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Singh MM, Pati AK. Effects of radiation emanating from base transceiver station and mobile phone on sleep, circadian rhythm and cognition in humans – a review. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2015.1116741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Within the past 20 years, there have been profound advances in personal technology. Although adolescents have embraced the Internet, video games and smart phones, with their extraordinary potential for education, entertainment and connecting with peers, respectively, there is a 'dark side' to these new age technologies. This article identifies many of the adverse physical, psychological, developmental and emotional consequences of our new age technologies. RECENT FINDINGS As Internet access has become easier, faster and more ubiquitous, there is increased evidence of its potential for direct and indirect harm to teens. Sexually explicit material is now indiscriminately available to youth, and studies have linked pornography with a number of negative health effects. Internet addiction is a problem even among teenagers who do not view pornography online. The rise of the Internet and social media sites now makes it easier for a student to bully a peer, and adolescents represent the majority of cyberbullying victims These technologies not only carry increased morbidity but also mortality, with increased suicides due to cyberbullying and motor vehicle deaths due to texting while driving. SUMMARY Paediatricians play a critical role in educating adolescents and their parents about the risks associated with new age technologies.
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20
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Health Implications of Electromagnetic Fields, Mechanisms of Action, and Research Needs. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1155/2014/198609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Electromagnetic fields (EMF) have been implicated to influence a range of bodily functions. Given their ubiquitous nature, widespread applications, and capability to produce deleterious effects, conclusive investigations of the health risks are critical. Accordingly, this paper has been constructed to weigh the bioeffects, possible biointeraction mechanisms, and research areas in bioelectromagnetics seeking immediate attention. The several gaps in the existing knowledge do not permit one to reach a concrete conclusion but possibility for harmful effects cannot be underestimated in absence of consistent findings and causal mechanisms. Several studies with appropriate methodologies reflect the capacity of electromagnetic radiations to cause adverse health effects and there are several credible mechanisms that can account for the observed effects. Hence, need of the hour is to activate comprehensive well-coordinated blind scientific investigations, overcoming all limitations and demerits of previous investigations especially replication studies to concretize the earlier findings. Furthermore, appropriate exposure assessment is crucial for identification of dose-response relation if any, and the elucidation of biological interaction mechanism. For the time being, the public should follow the precautionary principle and limit their exposure as much as possible.
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21
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Vijayalaxmi, Scarfi MR. International and national expert group evaluations: biological/health effects of radiofrequency fields. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2014; 11:9376-408. [PMID: 25211777 PMCID: PMC4199025 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph110909376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Revised: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The escalated use of various wireless communication devices, which emit non-ionizing radiofrequency (RF) fields, have raised concerns among the general public regarding the potential adverse effects on human health. During the last six decades, researchers have used different parameters to investigate the effects of in vitro and in vivo exposures of animals and humans or their cells to RF fields. Data reported in peer-reviewed scientific publications were contradictory: some indicated effects while others did not. International organizations have considered all of these data as well as the observations reported in human epidemiological investigations to set-up the guidelines or standards (based on the quality of published studies and the "weight of scientific evidence" approach) for RF exposures in occupationally exposed individuals and the general public. Scientists with relevant expertise in various countries have also considered the published data to provide the required scientific information for policy-makers to develop and disseminate authoritative health information to the general public regarding RF exposures. This paper is a compilation of the conclusions, on the biological effects of RF exposures, from various national and international expert groups, based on their analyses. In general, the expert groups suggested a reduction in exposure levels, precautionary approach, and further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijayalaxmi
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78299, USA.
| | - Maria R Scarfi
- CNR-Institute for Electromagnetic Sensing of Environment, Napoli 80124, Italy.
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22
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Leszczynski D. Radiation proteomics: A brief overview. Proteomics 2014; 14:481-8. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201300390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Revised: 11/30/2013] [Accepted: 12/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dariusz Leszczynski
- STUK - Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority; Helsinki Finland
- Department of Biosciences and Biotechnology; University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
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23
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Zhang Y, Yao K, Yu Y, Ni S, Zhang L, Wang W, Lai K. Effects of 1.8 GHz radiofrequency radiation on protein expression in human lens epithelial cells. Hum Exp Toxicol 2013; 32:797-806. [PMID: 23338683 DOI: 10.1177/0960327112472353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to observe the effects of 1.8 GHz radiofrequency (RF) radiation on the protein expression of human lens epithelial cells (hLECs) in vitro. METHODS The hLECs were exposed and sham-exposed to 1.8 GHz RF radiation (specific absorption rate (SAR) of 4 W/kg) for 2 h. After exposure, the proteins extracted from LECs were loaded on the Ettan MDLC system connected to the LTQ-Orbitrap MS for screening the candidate protein biomarkers induced by RF. The quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the levels of messenger RNA of candidate biomarkers. After the hLECs were exposed to 1.8 GHz RF (SAR of 2, 3 and 4 W/kg) for 2 h, the Western blot assay was utilized to measure the expression levels of the above-screened candidate protein biomarkers. RESULTS The results of shotgun proteomic analysis indicated that there were eight proteins with differential expression between exposure and sham exposure groups. The results of qRT-PCR showed that there were three genes with expressional differences (valosin containing protein (VCP), ubiquitin specific peptidase 35 (USP35) and signal recognition particle 68 kDa (SRP68)) between exposure and sham exposure groups. The results of Western blot assay exhibited that the expressional levels of VCP and USP35 proteins significantly increased and the expressional level of protein SRP68 significantly decreased in hLECs exposed to 1.8 GHz RF radiation (SAR of 3 and 4 W/kg) for 2 h when compared with the corresponding sham groups (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The shotgun proteomics technique can be applied to screen the proteins with differential expression between hLECs exposed to 1.8 GHz RF and hLECs sham-exposed to 1.8 GHz RF, and three protein biomarkers associated with RF radiation were validated by Western blot assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Zhang
- Eye Center, Affiliated Second Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Leszczynski D. Effects of radiofrequency-modulated electromagnetic fields on proteome. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2013; 990:101-6. [PMID: 23378005 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-5896-4_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Proteomics, the science that examines the repertoire of proteins present in an organism using both high-throughput and low-throughput techniques, might give a better understanding of the functional processes ongoing in cells than genomics or transcriptomics, because proteins are the molecules that directly regulate physiological processes. Not all changes in gene expression are necessarily reflected in the proteome. Therefore, using proteomics approaches to study the effects of RF-EMF might provide information about potential biological and health effects. Especially that the RF-EMF used in wireless communication devices has very low energy and is unable to directly induce gene mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariusz Leszczynski
- STUK - Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority, Laippatie 4, Helsinki, 00880, Finland.
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25
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Leszczynski D, de Pomerai D, Koczan D, Stoll D, Franke H, Albar JP. Five years later: the current status of the use of proteomics and transcriptomics in EMF research. Proteomics 2012; 12:2493-509. [PMID: 22707462 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201200122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The World Health Organization's and Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority's "Workshop on Application of Proteomics and Transcriptomics in Electromagnetic Fields Research" was held in Helsinki in the October/November 2005. As a consequence of this meeting, Proteomics journal published in 2006 a special issue "Application of Proteomics and Transcriptomics in EMF Research" (Vol. 6 No. 17; Guest Editor: D. Leszczynski). This Proteomics issue presented the status of research, of the effects of electromagnetic fields (EMF) using proteomics and transcriptomics methods, present in 2005. The current overview/opinion article presents the status of research in this area by reviewing all studies that were published by the end of 2010. The review work was a part of the European Cooperation in the Field of Scientific and Technical Research (COST) Action BM0704 that created a structure in which researchers in the field of EMF and health shared knowledge and information. The review was prepared by the members of the COST Action BM0704 task group on the high-throughput screening techniques and electromagnetic fields (TG-HTST-EMF).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariusz Leszczynski
- Radiation Biology Laboratory, STUK - Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority, Helsinki, Finland.
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26
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Maddodi N, Jayanthy A, Setaluri V. Shining light on skin pigmentation: the darker and the brighter side of effects of UV radiation. Photochem Photobiol 2012; 88:1075-82. [PMID: 22404235 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2012.01138.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The term barrier function as applied to human skin often connotes the physical properties of this organ that provides protection from its surrounding environment. This term does not generally include skin pigmentation. However, skin pigmentation, which is the result of melanin produced in melanocytes residing in the basal layer of the skin and exported to the keratinocytes in the upper layers, serves equally important protective function. Indeed, changes in skin pigmentation are often the most readily recognized indicators of exposure of skin to damaging agents, especially to natural and artificial radiation in the environment. Several recent studies have shed new light on (1) the mechanisms involved in selective effects of subcomponents of UV radiation on human skin pigmentation and (2) the interactive influences between keratinocytes and melanocytes, acting as "epidermal melanin unit," that manifest as changes in skin pigmentation in response to exposure to various forms of radiation. This article provides a concise review of our current understanding of the effects of the nonionizing solar radiation, at cellular and molecular levels, on human skin pigmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nityanand Maddodi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
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27
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Terro F, Magnaudeix A, Crochetet M, Martin L, Bourthoumieu S, Wilson CM, Yardin C, Leveque P. GSM-900MHz at low dose temperature-dependently downregulates α-synuclein in cultured cerebral cells independently of chaperone-mediated-autophagy. Toxicology 2012; 292:136-44. [PMID: 22185909 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2011.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2011] [Revised: 11/09/2011] [Accepted: 12/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The expanding use of GSM devices has resulted in public concern. Chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) is a way for protein degradation in the lysosomes and increases under stress conditions as a cell defense response. α-synuclein, a CMA substrate, is a component of Parkinson disease. Since GSM might constitute a stress signal, we raised the possibility that GSM could alter the CMA process. Here, we analyzed the effects of chronic exposure to a low GSM-900MHz dose on apoptosis and CMA. Cultured cerebral cortical cells were sham-exposed or exposed to GSM-900MHz at specific absorption rate (SAR): 0.25W/kg for 24 h using a wire-patch cell. Apoptosis was analyzed by DAPI stain of the nuclei and western blot of cleaved caspase-3. The expression of proteins involved in CMA (HSC70, HSP40, HSP90 and LAMP-2A) and α-synuclein were analyzed by western blot. CMA was also quantified in situ by analyzing the cell localization of active lysosomes. 24 h exposure to GSM-900MHz resulted in ∼0.5°C temperature rise. It did not induce apoptosis but increased HSC70 by 26% and slightly decreased HSP90 (<10%). It also decreased α-synuclein by 24% independently of CMA, since the localization of active lysosomes was not altered. Comparable effects were observed in cells incubated at 37.5°C, a condition that mimics the GSM-generated temperature rise. The GSM-induced changes in HSC70, HSP90 and α-synuclein are most likely linked to temperature rise. We did not observe any immediate effect on cell viability. However, the delayed and long term consequences (protective or deleterious) of these changes on cell fate should be examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faraj Terro
- Groupe de Neurobiologie Cellulaire - EA3842 Homéostasie cellulaire et pathologies, Faculté de Médecine, 2 rue du Dr Raymond Marcland, 87025 Limoges Cedex, France.
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Calabrò E, Condello S, Currò M, Ferlazzo N, Caccamo D, Magazù S, Ientile R. Modulation of heat shock protein response in SH-SY5Y by mobile phone microwaves. World J Biol Chem 2012; 3:34-40. [PMID: 22371824 PMCID: PMC3286792 DOI: 10.4331/wjbc.v3.i2.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2011] [Revised: 09/19/2011] [Accepted: 09/26/2011] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate putative biological damage caused by GSM mobile phone frequencies by assessing electromagnetic fields during mobile phone working. METHODS Neuron-like cells, obtained by retinoic-acid-induced differentiation of human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells, were exposed for 2 h and 4 h to microwaves at 1800 MHz frequency bands. RESULTS Cell stress response was evaluated by MTT assay as well as changes in the heat shock protein expression (Hsp20, Hsp27 and Hsp70) and caspase-3 activity levels, as biomarkers of apoptotic pathway. Under our experimental conditions, neither cell viability nor Hsp27 expression nor caspase-3 activity was significantly changed. Interestingly, a significant decrease in Hsp20 expression was observed at both times of exposure, whereas Hsp70 levels were significantly increased only after 4 h exposure. CONCLUSION The modulation of the expression of Hsps in neuronal cells can be an early response to radiofrequency microwaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Calabrò
- Emanuele Calabrò, Salvatore Magazù, Department of Physics, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
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Kluger N, Pecquet C. [Dermatoses associated with high technology (cell phones, computers and video games)]. Ann Dermatol Venereol 2012; 139:230-8; quiz 229, 239. [PMID: 22401694 DOI: 10.1016/j.annder.2011.09.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2011] [Revised: 09/22/2011] [Accepted: 09/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N Kluger
- Department of Dermatology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Helsinki, Skin and Allergy Hospital, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Meilahdentie 2, P.O. Box 160, 00029 Helsinki, Finlande.
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Fragopoulou AF, Samara A, Antonelou MH, Xanthopoulou A, Papadopoulou A, Vougas K, Koutsogiannopoulou E, Anastasiadou E, Stravopodis DJ, Tsangaris GT, Margaritis LH. Brain proteome response following whole body exposure of mice to mobile phone or wireless DECT base radiation. Electromagn Biol Med 2012; 31:250-74. [DOI: 10.3109/15368378.2011.631068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Athina Samara
- Genetics and Gene Therapy Division, Center of Basic Research II, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens,
Athens, Greece
| | | | - Anta Xanthopoulou
- Proteomics Research Unit, Center of Basic Research II, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens,
Athens, Greece
| | - Aggeliki Papadopoulou
- Proteomics Research Unit, Center of Basic Research II, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens,
Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Vougas
- Proteomics Research Unit, Center of Basic Research II, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens,
Athens, Greece
| | - Eugenia Koutsogiannopoulou
- Genetics and Gene Therapy Division, Center of Basic Research II, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens,
Athens, Greece
| | - Ema Anastasiadou
- Genetics and Gene Therapy Division, Center of Basic Research II, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens,
Athens, Greece
| | | | - George Th. Tsangaris
- Proteomics Research Unit, Center of Basic Research II, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens,
Athens, Greece
| | - Lukas H. Margaritis
- Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Athens University,
Athens, Greece
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Yoon SY, Kim KT, Jo SJ, Cho AR, Jeon SI, Choi HD, Kim KH, Park GS, Pack JK, Kwon OS, Park WY. Induction of hair growth by insulin-like growth factor-1 in 1,763 MHz radiofrequency-irradiated hair follicle cells. PLoS One 2011; 6:e28474. [PMID: 22164296 PMCID: PMC3229574 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0028474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2011] [Accepted: 11/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiofrequency (RF) radiation does not transfer high energy to break the covalent bonds of macromolecules, but these low energy stimuli might be sufficient to induce molecular responses in a specific manner. We monitored the effect of 1,763 MHz RF radiation on cultured human dermal papilla cells (hDPCs) by evaluating changes in the expression of cytokines related to hair growth. The expression of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) mRNA in hDPCs was significantly induced upon RF radiation at the specific absorption rate of 10 W/kg, which resulted in increased expression of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia/lymphoma 2 (BCL-2) and cyclin D1 (CCND1) proteins and increased phosphorylation of MAPK1 protein. Exposure to 10 W/kg RF radiation 1 h per day for 7 days significantly enhanced hair shaft elongation in ex vivo hair organ cultures. In RF-exposed follicular matrix keratinocytes in the hair bulb, the expression of Ki-67 was increased, while the signal for terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling was reduced. From these results, we suggest that 1,763 MHz RF exposure stimulates hair growth in vitro through the induction of IGF-1 in hDPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Young Yoon
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyu-Tae Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seong Jin Jo
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - A-Ri Cho
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soon-Ik Jeon
- Radio Technology Research Department, Communications & Broadcasting Covergence, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hyung-Do Choi
- Radio Technology Research Department, Communications & Broadcasting Covergence, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Kyu Han Kim
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gun-Sik Park
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong-Ki Pack
- Electromagnetic Research Center, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Oh Sang Kwon
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail: (OSK); (W-YP)
| | - Woong-Yang Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail: (OSK); (W-YP)
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Sun W, Shen X, Lu D, Fu Y, Lu D, Chiang H. A 1.8-GHz radiofrequency radiation induces EGF receptor clustering and phosphorylation in cultured human amniotic (FL) cells. Int J Radiat Biol 2011; 88:239-44. [DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2011.634882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Digital cities of the future: Extending @home assistive technologies for the elderly and the disabled. TELEMATICS AND INFORMATICS 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tele.2010.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Levis AG, Minicuci N, Ricci P, Gennaro V, Garbisa S. Mobile phones and head tumours. The discrepancies in cause-effect relationships in the epidemiological studies - how do they arise? Environ Health 2011; 10:59. [PMID: 21679472 PMCID: PMC3146917 DOI: 10.1186/1476-069x-10-59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2011] [Accepted: 06/17/2011] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whether or not there is a relationship between use of mobile phones (analogue and digital cellulars, and cordless) and head tumour risk (brain tumours, acoustic neuromas, and salivary gland tumours) is still a matter of debate; progress requires a critical analysis of the methodological elements necessary for an impartial evaluation of contradictory studies. METHODS A close examination of the protocols and results from all case-control and cohort studies, pooled- and meta-analyses on head tumour risk for mobile phone users was carried out, and for each study the elements necessary for evaluating its reliability were identified. In addition, new meta-analyses of the literature data were undertaken. These were limited to subjects with mobile phone latency time compatible with the progression of the examined tumours, and with analysis of the laterality of head tumour localisation corresponding to the habitual laterality of mobile phone use. RESULTS Blind protocols, free from errors, bias, and financial conditioning factors, give positive results that reveal a cause-effect relationship between long-term mobile phone use or latency and statistically significant increase of ipsilateral head tumour risk, with biological plausibility. Non-blind protocols, which instead are affected by errors, bias, and financial conditioning factors, give negative results with systematic underestimate of such risk. However, also in these studies a statistically significant increase in risk of ipsilateral head tumours is quite common after more than 10 years of mobile phone use or latency. The meta-analyses, our included, examining only data on ipsilateral tumours in subjects using mobile phones since or for at least 10 years, show large and statistically significant increases in risk of ipsilateral brain gliomas and acoustic neuromas. CONCLUSIONS Our analysis of the literature studies and of the results from meta-analyses of the significant data alone shows an almost doubling of the risk of head tumours induced by long-term mobile phone use or latency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo G Levis
- Department of Experimental Biomedical Sciences, Medical School of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Nadia Minicuci
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council, Padova, Italy
| | | | | | - Spiridione Garbisa
- Department of Experimental Biomedical Sciences, Medical School of Padova, Padova, Italy
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Mortazavi SMJ, Atefi M, Kholghi F. The pattern of mobile phone use and prevalence of self-reported symptoms in elementary and junior high school students in shiraz, iran. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2011; 36:96-103. [PMID: 23358105 PMCID: PMC3556746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2010] [Revised: 10/02/2010] [Accepted: 10/05/2010] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of mobile phone by children is increasing drastically. Children are likely to accumulate many years of exposure during their lives. Furthermore, as nervous systems in children are developing, children may be at a greater risk compared to adults. In this light, some scientists have suggested that the use of mobile phones should be restricted in high-risk groups such as children. This study is an attempt to explore the pattern of mobile phone use and its health effects among students from the city of Shiraz, Iran. METHODS A total of 469 (235 males and 234 females; 250 elementary and 219 junior high school) healthy students participated in this study. The students were randomly selected from three different educational districts of the city. For each student, a questionnaire regarding the possible sources of exposure to electromagnetic fields or microwave radiation, specially the pattern of mobile phone use, medical history and life style was filled out by interviewers. RESULTS Only 31.42% of the students used to use mobile phones. The average daily time of using mobile phones in talk mode was 7.08±21.42 minutes. Not only the relative frequency of mobile phone ownership in boys was significantly more than the girls, but also the boys used their mobile phones more frequently. Statistically significant associations were found between the time mobile phones were used in talk mode and some symptoms. Furthermore, a statistically significant association was found between the time mobile phones were used in talk mode and the number of headaches per month, number of vertigo per month, or number of sleeping problem per month. CONCLUSION RESULTS obtained in this study show that a large proportion of children in the city of Shiraz use mobile phones. A significant increase was found in some self-reported symptoms among users of mobile phones. These findings are in line with what is widely believed regarding the higher vulnerability of children to exhibit symptoms from using mobile phones. The findings and conclusion of the present study should be viewed in the light the nature of symptoms measurement (self-report) and the knowledge and understandings of the participants about the symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Mohammad Javad Mortazavi
- Department of Radiobiology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,The Center for Radiological Sciences Research, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Atefi
- The Center for Radiological Sciences Research, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Kholghi
- The Center for Radiological Sciences Research, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Skin cancer epidemic in a wireless world. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2011; 18:167-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pathophys.2010.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2010] [Accepted: 02/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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37
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Trillo MA, Cid MA, Martínez MA, Page JE, Esteban J, Úbeda A. Cytostatic response of NB69 cells to weak pulse-modulated 2.2 GHz radar-like signals. Bioelectromagnetics 2011; 32:340-50. [DOI: 10.1002/bem.20643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2010] [Accepted: 12/02/2010] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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38
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Roux D, Girard S, Paladian F, Bonnet P, Lalléchère S, Gendraud M, Davies E, Vian A. Human keratinocytes in culture exhibit no response when exposed to short duration, low amplitude, high frequency (900 MHz) electromagnetic fields in a reverberation chamber. Bioelectromagnetics 2010; 32:302-11. [DOI: 10.1002/bem.20641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2010] [Accepted: 11/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Gaestel M. Biological monitoring of non-thermal effects of mobile phone radiation: recent approaches and challenges. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2010; 85:489-500. [PMID: 20015314 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-185x.2009.00112.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This review describes recent developments in analysing the influence of radio-frequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMFs ) on biological systems by monitoring the cellular stress response as well as overall gene expression. Recent data on the initiation and modulation of the classical cellular stress response by RF-EMFs, comprising expression of heat shock proteins and stimulation of stress-activated protein kinases, are summarised and evaluated. Since isothermic RF-EMF exposure is assumed rather than proven there are clear limitations in using the stress response to describe non-thermal effects of RF-EMFs. In particular, further experiments are needed to characterise better the threshold of the thermal heat shock response and the homogeneity of the cellular response in the whole sample for each biological system used. Before then, it is proposed that the absence of the classical stress response can define isothermal experimental conditions and qualifies other biological effects of RF-EMFs detected under these conditions to be of non-thermal origin. To minimise the probability that by making this assumption valuable insights into the nature of biological effects of RF-EMFs could be lost, proteotoxic non-thermal RF-EMF effects should also be monitored by measuring activities of labile intracellular enzymes and/or levels of their metabolites before the threshold for the heat shock response is reached. In addition, non-thermal induction of the stress response via promoter elements distinct from the heat shock element (HSE) should be analysed using HSE-mutated heat shock promoter reporter constructs. Screening for non-thermal RF-EMF effects in the absence of a classical stress response should be performed by transcriptomics and proteomics. Recent approaches demonstrate that due to their high-throughput characteristics, these methods inherently generate false positive results and require statistical evaluation based on quantitative expression analysis from a sufficient number of independent experiments with identical parameters. In future approaches, positive results must be confirmed by independent quantitative methods and should also be evaluated in vivo to prove possible non-thermal effects of RF-EMFs on living beings. If successful, this strategy should contribute to identification of new underlying molecular mechanisms of interaction between RF-EMFs and living beings distinct from absorption of thermal energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Gaestel
- Institute of Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
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40
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Nylund R, Kuster N, Leszczynski D. Analysis of proteome response to the mobile phone radiation in two types of human primary endothelial cells. Proteome Sci 2010; 8:52. [PMID: 20955554 PMCID: PMC2973931 DOI: 10.1186/1477-5956-8-52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2010] [Accepted: 10/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Use of mobile phones has widely increased over the past decade. However, in spite of the extensive research, the question of potential health effects of the mobile phone radiation remains unanswered. We have earlier proposed, and applied, proteomics as a tool to study biological effects of the mobile phone radiation, using as a model human endothelial cell line EA.hy926. Exposure of EA.hy926 cells to 900 MHz GSM radiation has caused statistically significant changes in expression of numerous proteins. However, exposure of EA.hy926 cells to 1800 MHz GSM signal had only very small effect on cell proteome, as compared with 900 MHz GSM exposure. In the present study, using as model human primary endothelial cells, we have examined whether exposure to 1800 MHz GSM mobile phone radiation can affect cell proteome. RESULTS Primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells and primary human brain microvascular endothelial cells were exposed for 1 hour to 1800 MHz GSM mobile phone radiation at an average specific absorption rate of 2.0 W/kg. The cells were harvested immediately after the exposure and the protein expression patterns of the sham-exposed and radiation-exposed cells were examined using two dimensional difference gel electrophoresis-based proteomics (2DE-DIGE). There were observed numerous differences between the proteomes of human umbilical vein endothelial cells and human brain microvascular endothelial cells (both sham-exposed). These differences are most likely representing physiological differences between endothelia in different vascular beds. However, the exposure of both types of primary endothelial cells to mobile phone radiation did not cause any statistically significant changes in protein expression. CONCLUSIONS Exposure of primary human endothelial cells to the mobile phone radiation, 1800 MHz GSM signal for 1 hour at an average specific absorption rate of 2.0 W/kg, does not affect protein expression, when the proteomes were examined immediately after the end of the exposure and when the false discovery rate correction was applied to analysis. This observation agrees with our earlier study showing that the 1800 MHz GSM radiation exposure had only very limited effect on the proteome of human endothelial cell line EA.hy926, as compared with the effect of 900 MHz GSM radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reetta Nylund
- STUK - Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority, Helsinki, Finland.
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Kundi M. The controversy about a possible relationship between mobile phone use and cancer. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2010; 15:2415-30. [DOI: 10.1590/s1413-81232010000500016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last decade, mobile phone use increased to almost 100% prevalence in many countries. Evidence for potential health hazards accumulated in parallel by epidemiologic investigations has raised controversies about the appropriate interpretation and the degree of bias and confounding responsible for reduced or increased risk estimates. Overall, 33 epidemiologic studies were identified in the peer-reviewed literature, mostly (25) about brain tumors. Methodologic considerations revealed that three important conditions for epidemiologic studies to detect an increased risk are not met:no evidence-based exposure metric is available; the observed duration of mobile phone use is generally still too low; no evidence-based selection of end points among the grossly different types of neoplasias is possible because of lack of etiologic hypotheses. The overall evidence speaks in favor of an increased risk, but its magnitude cannot be assessed at present because of insufficient information on long-term use.
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Tapio S, Hornhardt S, Gomolka M, Leszczynski D, Posch A, Thalhammer S, Atkinson MJ. Use of proteomics in radiobiological research: current state of the art. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2010; 49:1-4. [PMID: 20049610 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-009-0263-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2009] [Accepted: 12/09/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Soile Tapio
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Radiation Biology, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Oberschleissheim, Germany.
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Gerner C, Haudek V, Schandl U, Bayer E, Gundacker N, Hutter HP, Mosgoeller W. Increased protein synthesis by cells exposed to a 1,800-MHz radio-frequency mobile phone electromagnetic field, detected by proteome profiling. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2010; 83:691-702. [PMID: 20145945 PMCID: PMC2902737 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-010-0513-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2009] [Accepted: 01/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To investigate whether or not low intensity radio frequency electromagnetic field exposure (RF-EME) associated with mobile phone use can affect human cells, we used a sensitive proteome analysis method to study changes in protein synthesis in cultured human cells. Methods Four different cell kinds were exposed to 2 W/kg specific absorption rate in medium containing 35S-methionine/cysteine, and autoradiography of 2D gel spots was used to measure the increased synthesis of individual proteins. Results While short-term RF-EME did not significantly alter the proteome, an 8-h exposure caused a significant increase in protein synthesis in Jurkat T-cells and human fibroblasts, and to a lesser extent in activated primary human mononuclear cells. Quiescent (metabolically inactive) mononuclear cells, did not detectably respond to RF-EME. Since RF exposure induced a temperature increase of less than 0.15°C, we suggest that the observed cellular response is a so called “athermal” effect of RF-EME. Conclusion Our finding of an association between metabolic activity and the observed cellular reaction to low intensity RF-EME may reconcile conflicting results of previous studies. We further postulate that the observed increased protein synthesis reflects an increased rate of protein turnover stemming from protein folding problems caused by the interference of radio-frequency electromagnetic fields with hydrogen bonds. Our observations do not directly imply a health risk. However, vis-a-vis a synopsis of reports on cells stress and DNA breaks, after short and longer exposure, on active and inactive cells, our findings may contribute to the re-evaluation of previous reports. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00420-010-0513-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Gerner
- Department Med.-1, Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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Kim KB, Byun HO, Han NK, Ko YG, Choi HD, Kim N, Pack JK, Lee JS. Two-dimensional electrophoretic analysis of radio-frequency radiation-exposed MCF7 breast cancer cells. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2010; 51:205-213. [PMID: 20339255 DOI: 10.1269/jrr.09030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Although many in vitro studies have previously been conducted to elucidate the biological effects of radio frequency (RF) radiation over the past decades, the existence and nature of any effects is still inconclusive. In an effort to further elucidate this question, we have monitored changes in protein expression profiles in RF-exposed MCF7 human breast cancer cells using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. MCF7 cells were exposed to 849 MHz RF radiation for 1 h per day for three consecutive days at specific absorption rates (SARs) of either 2 W/Kg or 10 W/kg. During exposure, the temperature in the exposure chamber was kept in an isothermal condition. Twenty-four hours after the final RF exposure, the protein lysates from MCF cells were prepared and two-dimensional electrophoretic analyses were conducted. The protein expression profiles of the MCF cells were not significantly altered as the result of RF exposure. None of the protein spots on the two-dimensional electrophoretic gels showed reproducible changes in three independent experiments. To determine effect of RF radiation on protein expression profiles more clearly, three spots showing altered expression without reproducibility were identified using electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry analysis and their expressions were examined with RT-PCR and Western blot assays. There was no alteration in their mRNA and protein levels. As we were unable to observe any significant and reproducible changes in the protein expression profiles of the RF radiation-exposed MCF7 cells using high throughput and non-high throughput techniques, it seems unlikely that RF exposure modulates the protein expression profile.
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MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma/chemistry
- Adenocarcinoma/pathology
- Blotting, Western
- Breast Neoplasms/chemistry
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor/chemistry
- Cell Line, Tumor/radiation effects
- Cell Phone
- Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/radiation effects
- Humans
- Neoplasm Proteins/analysis
- Neoplasm Proteins/biosynthesis
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/analysis
- RNA, Neoplasm/analysis
- Radio Waves
- Reproducibility of Results
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization
- Tandem Mass Spectrometry
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Bum Kim
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Korea
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Mortavazi S, Habib A, Ganj-Karami A, Samimi-Doost R, Pour-Abedi A, Babaie A. Alterations in TSH and Thyroid Hormones following Mobile Phone Use. Oman Med J 2009; 24:274-8. [PMID: 22216380 PMCID: PMC3243874 DOI: 10.5001/omj.2009.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2009] [Accepted: 09/07/2009] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In recent years, the widespread use of mobile phones has lead to a public debate about possible detrimental effects on human health. In spite of years of research, there is still a great controversy regarding the possibility of induction of any significant physiological effects in humans by microwave radiations emitted by mobile phones. This study aims to investigate the effects of electromagnetic fields induced by the Global System for Mobile communications (GSM) mobile phones on the Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) and thyroid hormones in humans. METHODS 77 healthy university students participated in this study. The levels of T3, T4 and TSH were measured by using appropriate enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits (Human, Germany). RESULTS The average levels of T3, T4 and TSH in students who moderately used mobile phones were 1.25±0.27 ng/ml, 7.76±1.73 µg/dl and 4.25±2.12 µu/l respectively. The levels in the students who severely used mobile phones were 1.18±0.30, 7.75±1.14 and 3.75±2.05 respectively. In non-users, the levels were 1.15±0.27, 8.42±2.72 and 2.70±1.75, respectively. The difference among the levels of TSH in these 3 groups was statistically significant (P<0.05). CONCLUSION As far as the study is concerned, this is the first human study to assess the associations between mobile phone use and alterations in the levels of TSH and thyroid hormones. Based on the findings, a higher than normal TSH level, low mean T4 and normal T3 concentrations in mobile users were observed. It seems that minor degrees of thyroid dysfunction with a compensatory rise in TSH may occur following excessive use of mobile phones. It may be concluded that possible deleterious effects of mobile microwaves on hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis affects the levels of these hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Mortavazi
- Department of Radiology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Asadollah Habib
- Department of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
| | - Amir Ganj-Karami
- Department of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Razieh Samimi-Doost
- Department of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Atefe Pour-Abedi
- Department of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Babaie
- Department of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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46
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McNamee JP, Chauhan V. Radiofrequency Radiation and Gene/Protein Expression: A Review. Radiat Res 2009; 172:265-87. [DOI: 10.1667/rr1726.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Public health implications of wireless technologies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 16:233-46. [PMID: 19285839 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathophys.2009.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2008] [Accepted: 01/30/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Global exposures to emerging wireless technologies from applications including mobile phones, cordless phones, DECT phones, WI-FI, WLAN, WiMAX, wireless internet, baby monitors, and others may present serious public health consequences. Evidence supporting a public health risk is documented in the BioInitiative Report. New, biologically based public exposure standards for chronic exposure to low-intensity exposures are warranted. Existing safety standards are obsolete because they are based solely on thermal effects from acute exposures. The rapidly expanding development of new wireless technologies and the long latency for the development of such serious diseases as brain cancers means that failure to take immediate action to reduce risks may result in an epidemic of potentially fatal diseases in the future. Regardless of whether or not the associations are causal, the strengths of the associations are sufficiently strong that in the opinion of the authors, taking action to reduce exposures is imperative, especially for the fetus and children. Such action is fully compatible with the precautionary principle, as enunciated by the Rio Declaration, the European Constitution Principle on Health (Section 3.1) and the European Union Treaties Article 174.
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Kundi M. The controversy about a possible relationship between mobile phone use and cancer. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2009; 117:316-24. [PMID: 19337502 PMCID: PMC2661897 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.11902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2008] [Accepted: 09/26/2008] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE During the last decade, mobile phone use increased to almost 100% prevalence in many countries of the world. Evidence for potential health hazards accumulated in parallel by epidemiologic investigations has raised controversies about the appropriate interpretation and the degree of bias and confounding responsible for reduced or increased risk estimates. DATA SOURCES Overall, I identified 33 epidemiologic studies in the peer-reviewed literature, most of which (25) were about brain tumors. Two groups have collected data for >or=10 years of mobile phone use: Hardell and colleagues from Sweden and the Interphone group, an international consortium from 13 countries coordinated by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. DATA SYNTHESIS Combined odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) from these studies for glioma, acoustic neuroma, and meningioma were 1.5 (1.2-1.8); 1.3 (0.95-1.9); and 1.1 (0.8-1.4), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Methodologic considerations revealed that three important conditions for epidemiologic studies to detect an increased risk are not met: a ) no evidence-based exposure metric is available; b) the observed duration of mobile phone use is generally still too low; c) no evidence-based selection of end points among the grossly different types of neoplasias is possible because of lack of etiologic hypotheses. Concerning risk estimates, selection bias, misclassification bias, and effects of the disease on mobile phone use could have reduced estimates, and recall bias may have led to spuriously increased risks. The overall evidence speaks in favor of an increased risk, but its magnitude cannot be assessed at present because of insufficient information on long-term use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kundi
- Institute of Environmental Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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