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Dikoumba AC, Onanga R, Mangouka LG, Boundenga L, Ngoungou EB, Godreuil S. Molecular epidemiology of antimicrobial resistance in central africa: A systematic review. Access Microbiol 2023; 5:acmi000556.v5. [PMID: 37691840 PMCID: PMC10484317 DOI: 10.1099/acmi.0.000556.v5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In Central Africa, it is difficult to tackle antibiotic resistance, because of a lack of data and information on bacterial resistance, due to the low number of studies carried out in the field. To fill this gap, we carried out a systematic review of the various studies, and devised a molecular epidemiology of antimicrobial resistance from humans, animals and the environmental samples. Method A systematic search of all publications from 2005 to 2020 on bacterial resistance in Central Africa (Gabon, Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Central African Republic, Chad, Republic of Congo, Equatorial Guinea, São Tomé and Príncipe, Angola) was performed on Pubmed, Google scholar and African Journals Online (AJOL). All circulating resistance genes, prevalence and genetic carriers of these resistances were collected. The study area was limited to the nine countries of Central Africa. Results A total of 517 studies were identified through a literature search, and 60 studies carried out in eight countries were included. Among all articles included, 43 articles were from humans. Our study revealed not only the circulation of beta-lactamase and carbapenemase genes, but also several other types of resistance genes. To finish, we noticed that some studies reported mobile genetic elements such as integrons, transposons, and plasmids. Conclusion The scarcity of data poses difficulties in the implementation of effective strategies against antibiotic resistance, which requires a health policy in a 'One Health' approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annicet-Clotaire Dikoumba
- Département de biologie médicale, Hôpital d’Instruction des Armées Omar Bongo Ondimba, B.P 20404 Libreville, Gabon
- Unité de recherche et d’Analyses Médicales (URAM), Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF), B.P. 679 Franceville, Gabon
| | - Richard Onanga
- Unité de recherche et d’Analyses Médicales (URAM), Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF), B.P. 679 Franceville, Gabon
| | - Laurette G. Mangouka
- Département de Médecine, Hôpital d’Instruction des Armées Omar Bongo Ondimba, B.P 20404 Libreville, Gabon
| | - Larson Boundenga
- Groupe Evolution et Transmission Inter-espèces des Pathogènes, Département de Parasitologie du Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF), Franceville, Gabon
- Unité Maladies Émergentes Virales, Département de Virologie du Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF), Franceville, Gabon
| | - Edgard-Brice Ngoungou
- Unité de Recherche en Epidémiologie des Maladies Chroniques et Santé Environnement (UREMCSE), Département d’Epidémiologie, Biostatistiques et Informatique Médicale (DEBIM), Faculté de Médecine, Université des Sciences de la Santé, BP 4009 Libreville, Gabon
| | - Sylvain Godreuil
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, 191 Avenue du Doyen Gaston Giraud, 34 295 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
- MIVEGEC, IRD, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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Nateghizad H, Sajadi R, Shivaee A, Shirazi O, Sharifian M, Tadi DA, Amini K. Resistance of Vibrio cholera to antibiotics that inhibit cell wall synthesis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1027277. [PMID: 37021056 PMCID: PMC10069679 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1027277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Cholera is a challenging ancient disease caused by Vibrio cholera (V. cholera). Antibiotics that prevent cell wall synthesis are among the first known antibiotic groups. Due to its high consumption, V. cholera has developed resistance to the majority of antibiotics in this class. Resistance to recommended antibiotics for the treatment of V. cholera has also increased. In light of the decrease in consumption of certain antibiotics in this group that inhibit cell wall synthesis and the implementation of new antibiotics, it is necessary to determine the antibiotic resistance pattern of V. cholera and to employ the most effective treatment antibiotic. Method: An comprehensive systematic search for relevant articles was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and EMBASE through October 2020. Stata version 17.1 utilized the Metaprop package to execute a Freeman-Tukey double arcsine transformation in order to estimate weighted pooled proportions. Results: A total of 131 articles were included in the meta-analysis. Ampicillin was the most investigated antibiotic. The prevalence of antibiotic resistance was in order aztreonam (0%), cefepime (0%), imipenem (0%), meropenem (3%), fosfomycin (4%), ceftazidime (5%), cephalothin (7%), augmentin (8%), cefalexin (8%), ceftriaxone (9%), cefuroxime (9%), cefotaxime (15%), cefixime (37%), amoxicillin (42%), penicillin (44%), ampicillin (48%), cefoxitin (50%), cefamandole (56%), polymyxin-B (77%), carbenicillin (95%) respectively. Discussion: Aztreonam, cefepime, and imipenem are the most efficient V. cholera cell wall synthesis inhibitors. There has been an increase in resistance to antibiotics such as cephalothin, ceftriaxone, amoxicillin, and meropenem. Over the years, resistance to penicillin, ceftazidime, and cefotaxime, has decreased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Nateghizad
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, East of Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rojina Sajadi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, East of Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Shivaee
- Department of Microbiology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Omid Shirazi
- Department of Veterinary medicine, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohadeseh Sharifian
- Department of Veterinary medicine, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Danyal Abbasi Tadi
- Department Of Veterinary, Azad University Of Shahr-E Kord, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Kumarss Amini
- Department of Microbiology, Saveh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Saveh, Iran
- *Correspondence: Kumarss Amini,
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Liu C, Wang Y, Azizian K, Omidi N, Kaviar VH, Kouhsari E, Maleki A. Antimicrobial resistance in Vibrio cholerae O1/O139 clinical isolates: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2022; 20:1217-1231. [PMID: 35790112 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2022.2098114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Vibrio cholerae O1/O139 is responsible for cholera epidemics; that remains a huge public health menace across the globe. Furthermore, an increasing resistance rate among V. cholerae strains has been reported around the world. Therefore, the objective of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the weighted pooled resistance (WPR) rates in clinical V. cholerae O1/O139 isolates based on different years, areas, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and resistance rates. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS : We searched the studies in PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science (until January 2020). Statistical analyses were conducted using STATA software (ver. 14.0). RESULTS : A total of 139 studies investigating 24062 V. cholerae O1/O139 isolates were analyzed. The majority of the studies originated in Asia (n=102). The WPR rates were as follows: azithromycin 1%, erythromycin 36%, ciprofloxacin 3%, cotrimoxazole 79%, doxycycline 7%, tetracycline 20%. There was increased resistance to cotrimoxazole, ciprofloxacin, and tetracycline during the 1980 to 2020 years. CONCLUSIONS : Temporal changes in antibiotic resistance rate found in this study demonstrated the critical continuous surveillance of antibiotic resistance. Also, ciprofloxacin, azithromycin, gentamicin, cephalexin, imipenem, ofloxacin, and norfloxacin were found to be the best antibiotics against V. cholera, with the highest and the lowest effectiveness resistance rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoying Liu
- Zhumadian Academy of Industry Innovation and Development, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian 463000, China
| | - Ye Wang
- School of Biological and Food Processing Engineering, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian 463000, China
| | - Khalil Azizian
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Nazanin Omidi
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Vahab Hassan Kaviar
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Kouhsari
- Laboratory Sciences Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.,Department of Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Paramedicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Abbas Maleki
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
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Globally Vibrio cholera antibiotics resistance to RNA and DNA effective antibiotics: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Microb Pathog 2022; 172:105514. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Igere BE, Okoh AI, Nwodo UU. Atypical and dual biotypes variant of virulent SA-NAG-Vibrio cholerae: an evidence of emerging/evolving patho-significant strain in municipal domestic water sources. ANN MICROBIOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s13213-021-01661-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction and purpose
The recent cholera spread, new cases, and fatality continue to arouse concern in public health systems; however, interventions on control is at its peak yet statistics show continuous report. This study characterized atypical and patho-significant environmental Vibrio cholerae retrieved from ground/surface/domestic water in rural-urban-sub-urban locations of Amathole District municipality and Chris Hani District municipality, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa.
Methods
Domestic/surface water was sampled and 759 presumptive V. cholerae isolates were retrieved using standard microbiological methods. Virulence phenotypic test: toxin co-regulated pili (tcp), choleragen red, protease production, lecithinase production, and lipase test were conducted. Serotyping using polyvalent antisera (Bengal and Ogawa/Inaba/Hikojima) and molecular typing: 16SrRNA, OmpW, serogroup (Vc-O1/O139), biotype (tcpAClas/El Tor, HlyAClas/El Tor, rstRClas/El Tor, RS1, rtxA, rtxC), and virulence (ctxA, ctxB, zot, ace, cep, prt, toxR, hlyA) genes were targeted.
Result
Result of 16SrRNA typing confirmed 508 (66.9%) while OmpW detected/confirmed 61 (12.01%) V. cholerae strains. Phenotypic-biotyping scheme showed positive test to polymyxin B (68.9%), Voges proskauer (6.6%), and Bengal serology (11.5%). Whereas Vc-O1/O139 was negative, yet two of the isolates harbored the cholera toxin with a gene-type ctxB and hlyAClas: 2/61, revealing atypical/unusual/dual biotype phenotypic/genotypic features. Other potential atypical genotypes detected include rstR: 7/61, Cep: 15/61, ace: 20/61, hlyAElTor: 53/61, rtxA: 30/61, rtxC: 11/61, and prtV: 15/61 respectively.
Conclusion
Although additional patho-significant/virulent genotypes associated with epidemic/sporadic cholera cases were detected, an advanced, bioinformatics, and post-molecular evaluation is necessary. Such stride possesses potential to adequately minimize future cholera cases associated with dynamic/atypical environmental V. cholerae strains.
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Opintan JA, Will RC, Kuma GK, Osei M, Akumwena A, Boateng G, Owusu-Okyere G, Antwi L, Opare D, Pragasam AK, Vasudevan K, Srivastava SK, Balaji V, Newman MJ, Dougan G, Mutreja A. Phylogenetic and antimicrobial drug resistance analysis of Vibrio cholerae O1 isolates from Ghana. Microb Genom 2021; 7. [PMID: 34714228 PMCID: PMC8627208 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the evolution, phylogeny and antimicrobial resistance of Vibrio cholerae O1 isolates (VCO1) from Ghana. Outbreak and environmental sources of VCO1 were characterized, whole-genome sequenced and compared to globally available seventh pandemic (7P) strains of V. cholerae at SNP resolution. Final analyses included 636 isolates. Novel Ghanaian isolates clustered into three distinct clades (clades 1, 2 and 3) in wave 3 of the 7P lineage. The closest relatives of our novel Ghanaian isolates were from Benin, Cameroon, Togo, Niger and Nigeria. All novel Ghanaian isolates were multi-drug resistant. Environmental isolates clustered into clade 2, despite being isolated years later, showing the possibility of persistence and re-emergence of older clades. A lag phase of several years from estimated introduction to reported cases suggests pathogen persistence in the absence of reported cholera cases. These results highlight the importance of deeper surveillance for understanding transmission routes between bordering countries and planning tailored vaccination campaigns in an effort to eradicate cholera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Japheth A Opintan
- Medical Microbiology Department, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana.,Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Robert C Will
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease (CITIID), Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - George K Kuma
- Laboratory Department, Brong Ahafo Regional Hospital, Sunyani, Ghana
| | - Mary Osei
- Medical Microbiology Department, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana
| | - Amos Akumwena
- Medical Microbiology Department, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana
| | - Gifty Boateng
- National Public Health Reference Laboratory, Accra, Ghana
| | | | - Lorreta Antwi
- National Public Health Reference Laboratory, Accra, Ghana
| | - David Opare
- National Public Health Reference Laboratory, Accra, Ghana
| | | | - Karthick Vasudevan
- Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.,Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Sciences, REVA University, Bangalore, India
| | | | | | - Mercy J Newman
- Medical Microbiology Department, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana
| | - Gordon Dougan
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease (CITIID), Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ankur Mutreja
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease (CITIID), Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, India
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Abstract
Cholera, an acute diarrheal disease, is caused by pathogenic strains of Vibrio cholerae generated by the lysogenization of the filamentous cholera toxin phage CTXΦ. Although CTXΦ phage in the classical biotype are usually integrated solitarily or with a truncated copy, those in El Tor biotypes are generally found in tandem and/or with related genetic elements. Due to this structural difference in the CTXΦ prophage array, the prophage in the classical biotype strains does not yield extrachromosomal CTXΦ DNA and does not produce virions, whereas the El Tor biotype strains can replicate the CTXΦ genome and secrete infectious CTXΦ phage particles. However, information on the CTXΦ prophage array structure of pathogenic V. cholerae is limited. Therefore, we investigated the complete genomic sequences of five clinical V. cholerae isolates obtained in Kolkata (India) during 2007 to 2011. The analysis revealed that recent isolates possessed an altered CTXΦ prophage array of the prototype El Tor strain. These strains were defective in replicating the CTXΦ genome. All recent isolates possessed identical rstA and intergenic sequence 1 (Ig-1) sequences and comparable rstA expression in the prototype El Tor strain, suggesting that the altered CTXΦ array was responsible for the defective replication of the prophage. Therefore, CTXΦ structures available in the database and literatures can be classified as replicative and nonreplicative. Furthermore, V. cholerae epidemic strains became capable of producing CTXΦ phage particles since the 1970s. However, V. cholerae epidemic strains again lost the capacity for CTXΦ production around the year 2010, suggesting that a significant change in the dissemination pattern of the current cholera pandemic occurred. IMPORTANCE Cholera is an acute diarrheal disease caused by pathogenic strains of V. cholerae generated by lysogenization of the filamentous cholera toxin phage CTXΦ. The analysis revealed that recent isolates possessed altered CTXΦ prophage array of prototype El Tor strain and were defective in replicating the CTXΦ genome. Classification of CTXΦ structures in isolated years suggested that V. cholerae epidemic strains became capable of producing CTXΦ phage particles since the 1970s. However, V. cholerae epidemic strains again lost the capacity for CTXΦ production around the year 2010, suggesting that a critical change had occurred in the dissemination pattern of the current cholera pandemic.
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Bhandari M, Jennison AV, Rathnayake IU, Huygens F. Evolution, distribution and genetics of atypical Vibrio cholerae - A review. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2021; 89:104726. [PMID: 33482361 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2021.104726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Vibrio cholerae is the etiological agent of cholera, a severe diarrheal disease, which can occur as either an epidemic or sporadic disease. Cholera pandemic-causing V. cholerae O1 and O139 serogroups originated from the Indian subcontinent and spread globally and millions of lives are lost each year, mainly in developing and underdeveloped countries due to this disease. V. cholerae O1 is further classified as classical and El Tor biotype which can produce biotype specific cholera toxin (CT). Since 1961, the current seventh pandemic El Tor strains replaced the sixth pandemic strains resulting in the classical biotype strain that produces classical CT. The ongoing evolution of Atypical El Tor V. cholerae srains encoding classical CT is of global concern. The severity in the pathophysiology of these Atypical El Tor strains is significantly higher than El Tor or classical strains. Pathogenesis of V. cholerae is a complex process that involves coordinated expression of different sets of virulence-associated genes to cause disease. We are yet to understand the complete virulence profile of V. cholerae, including direct and indirect expression of genes involved in its survival and stress adaptation in the host. In recent years, whole genome sequencing has paved the way for better understanding of the evolution and strain distribution, outbreak identification and pathogen surveillance for the implementation of direct infection control measures in the clinic against many infectious pathogens including V. cholerae. This review provides a synopsis of recent studies that have contributed to the understanding of the evolution, distribution and genetics of the seventh pandemic Atypical El Tor V. cholerae strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murari Bhandari
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Public Health Microbiology, Forensic and Scientific Services, Queensland Department of Health, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Amy V Jennison
- Public Health Microbiology, Forensic and Scientific Services, Queensland Department of Health, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Irani U Rathnayake
- Public Health Microbiology, Forensic and Scientific Services, Queensland Department of Health, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Flavia Huygens
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
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Mohammed Y, Aboderin AO, Okeke IN, Olayinka AT. Antimicrobial resistance of Vibrio cholerae from sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review. Afr J Lab Med 2018; 7:778. [PMID: 30643734 PMCID: PMC6325272 DOI: 10.4102/ajlm.v7i2.778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The World Health Assembly adopted the Global Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance, which includes improving the knowledge base through surveillance and research. Noteworthily, the World Health Organization has advocated a Global Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System to address the plan’s surveillance objective, with most African countries enrolling in or after 2017. Aim The aim of this article was to review prior data on antimicrobial resistance of Vibrio cholerae from sub-Saharan Africa with a view for future control and intervention strategies. Methods We used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (or ‘PRISMA’) guidelines to search the PubMed and African Journals Online databases, as well as additional articles provided by the Nigeria Centre for Disease Control, for articles reporting on the antibiotic susceptibility of V. cholerae between January 2000 and December 2017. Results We identified 340 publications, of which only 25 (reporting from 16 countries within the sub-Saharan African region) were eligible. The majority (20; 80.0%) of the cholera toxigenic V. cholerae isolates were of the serogroup O1 of the El Tor biotype with Ogawa and Inaba serotypes predominating. Resistance was predominantly documented to trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole (50% of the studies), ampicillin (43.3% of the studies), chloramphenicol (43.3% of the studies) and streptomycin (30% of the studies). Resistance mechanisms were reported in 40% of the studies. Conclusion Our results demonstrate a documented antimicrobial resistance of V. cholerae to multiple antibiotic classes, including cell wall active agents and antimetabolites with evidence of phenotypic/genotypic resistance to fluoroquinolones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahaya Mohammed
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Aaron O Aboderin
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Health Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Iruka N Okeke
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Adebola T Olayinka
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
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Zaw MT, Emran NA, Ibrahim MY, Suleiman M, Awang Mohd TA, Yusuff AS, Naing KS, Myint T, Jikal M, Salleh MA, Lin Z. Genetic diversity of toxigenic Vibrio cholerae O1 from Sabah, Malaysia 2015. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2018; 52:563-570. [PMID: 29428381 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cholera is an important health problem in Sabah, a Malaysian state in northern Borneo; however, Vibrio cholerae in Sabah have never been characterized. Since 2002, serogroup O1 strains having the traits of both classical and El Tor biotype, designated as atypical El Tor biotype, have been increasingly reported as the cause of cholera worldwide. These variants are believed to produce clinically more severe disease like classical strains. PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to investigate the genetic diversity of V.cholerae in Sabah and whether V.cholerae in Sabah belong to atypical El Tor biotype. METHODS ERIC-PCR, a DNA fingerprinting method for bacterial pathogens based on the enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus sequence, was used to study the genetic diversity of 65 clinical V.cholerae O1 isolates from 3 districts (Kudat, Beluran, Sandakan) in Sabah and one environmental isolate from coastal sea water in Kudat district. In addition, we studied the biotype-specific genetic traits in these isolates to establish their biotype. RESULTS Different fingerprint patterns were seen in isolates from these three districts but one of the patterns was seen in more than one district. Clinical isolates and environmental isolate have different patterns. In addition, Sabah isolates harbor genetic traits specific to both classical biotype (ctxB-1, rstRCla) and El Tor biotype (rstRET, rstC, tcpAET, rtxC, VC2346). CONCLUSION This study revealed that V.cholerae in Sabah were genetically diverse and were atypical El Tor strains. Fingerprint patterns of these isolates will be useful in tracing the origin of this pathogen in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myo Thura Zaw
- Pathobiological and Medical Diagnostics Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Nor Amalina Emran
- Pathobiological and Medical Diagnostics Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Yusof Ibrahim
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Maria Suleiman
- Sabah State Health Department, Jalan Tunku Abdul Rahman, Bandaran, 88000 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Tajul Ariffin Awang Mohd
- Kota Kinabalu Public Health Laboratory, Bukit Padang, Jalan Kolam, 88850 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Aza Sherin Yusuff
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Khin Saw Naing
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Than Myint
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | | | - Mohd Azmi Salleh
- Pathology Department, Hospital Duchess of Kent, KM3.2 Jalan Utara, 9000 Sandakan, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Zaw Lin
- Pathobiological and Medical Diagnostics Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia.
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Sambe-Ba B, Diallo MH, Seck A, Wane AA, Constantin de Magny G, Boye CSB, Sow AI, Gassama-Sow A. Identification of Atypical El TorV. cholerae O1 Ogawa Hosting SXT Element in Senegal, Africa. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:748. [PMID: 28555129 PMCID: PMC5430043 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio cholerae O1 is the causative agent of cholera with classical and El Tor, two well-established biotypes. In last 20 years, hybrid strains of classical and El Tor and variant El Tor which carry classical ctxB have emerged worldwide. In 2004-2005, Senegal experienced major cholera epidemic with a number of cases totalling more than 31719 with approximately 458 fatal outcomes (CFR, 1.44%). In this retrospective study, fifty isolates out of a total of 403 V. cholerae biotype El Tor serovar Ogawa isolates from all areas in Senegal during the 2004-2005 cholera outbreak were randomly selected. Isolates were characterized using phenotypic and genotypic methods. The analysis of antibiotic resistance patterns revealed the predominance of the S-Su-TCY-Tsu phenotype (90% of isolates). The molecular characterization of antibiotic resistance revealed the presence of the SXT element, a self-transmissible chromosomally integrating element in all isolates. Most of V. cholerae isolates had an intact virulence cassette (86%) (ctx, zot, ace genes). All isolates tested gave amplification with primers for classical CT, and 10/50 (20%) of isolates carried classical and El Tor ctxB. The study reveals the presence of atypical V. cholerae O1 El Tor during cholera outbreak in Senegal in 2004-2005.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bissoume Sambe-Ba
- Unité de Bactériologie Expérimentale, Institut Pasteur DakarDakar, Sénégal
| | - Mamadou H Diallo
- Unité de Bactériologie Expérimentale, Institut Pasteur DakarDakar, Sénégal
| | - Abdoulaye Seck
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie Fondamentale et Appliquée, Faculté de Médecine et Pharmacie et d'Odontologie, Université Cheikh Anta DiopDakar, Sénégal.,Laboratoire de Biologie Médicale, Institut Pasteur de DakarDakar, Sénégal
| | - Abdoul A Wane
- Unité de Bactériologie Expérimentale, Institut Pasteur DakarDakar, Sénégal
| | - Guillaume Constantin de Magny
- Unité de Bactériologie Expérimentale, Institut Pasteur DakarDakar, Sénégal.,UMR IRD 224 - CNRS 5290 - Université de Montpellier - MIGEVEC, Centre IRD de MontpellierMontpellier, France
| | - Cheikh S-B Boye
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie Fondamentale et Appliquée, Faculté de Médecine et Pharmacie et d'Odontologie, Université Cheikh Anta DiopDakar, Sénégal
| | - Ahmad I Sow
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire National de FannDakar, Sénégal
| | - Amy Gassama-Sow
- Unité de Bactériologie Expérimentale, Institut Pasteur DakarDakar, Sénégal.,Laboratoire de Microbiologie Fondamentale et Appliquée, Faculté de Médecine et Pharmacie et d'Odontologie, Université Cheikh Anta DiopDakar, Sénégal.,Département de Génie Chimique et Biologie Appliquée, Ecole Supérieure Polytechnique, Université Cheikh Anta DiopDakar, Sénégal
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Mala W, Faksri K, Samerpitak K, Yordpratum U, Kaewkes W, Tattawasart U, Chomvarin C. Antimicrobial resistance and genetic diversity of the SXT element in Vibrio cholerae from clinical and environmental water samples in northeastern Thailand. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2017; 52:89-95. [PMID: 28412524 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2017.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Multidrug resistance in V. cholerae has been increasing around the world including northeastern Thailand. The aquatic environment is a reservoir of V. cholerae and might be an important source of resistant strains. The aims of this study were to investigate the phylogenetic relationships of intSXT gene sequences from 31 clinical and 14 environmental V. cholerae O1 and non-O1/non-O139 isolates and 11 sequences amplified directly from environmental water samples. We also amplified class 1 integrons, the SXT elements (targeting the intSXT gene) and antimicrobial resistance genes directly from water samples. Phylogenetic analysis displayed two major distinct clusters (clusters 1 and 2). Most V. cholerae O1 (19/20, 95%) and non-O1/non-O139 isolates (8/11, 72.7%) from clinical sources, and all sequences obtained directly from water samples, belonged to cluster 1. Cluster 2 mostly comprised environmental non-O1/non-O139 isolates (10/12, 83.3%). We successfully amplified the SXT elements directly from17.5% of water samples. Associated resistance genes were also amplified as follows: sul2 (41.3% of water samples), dfrA1 (60%), dfr18 (33.8%), strB (70%) and tetA (2.5%). Class 1 integrons were not found in water samples, indicating that the SXT element was the major contributor of multidrug resistance determinants in this region. The SXT element and antimicrobial resistance genes could be transferred from clinical V. cholerae O1 to environmental V. cholerae non-O1/non-O139 was demonstrated by conjugation experiment. These findings indicate that there may have been cross dissemination and horizontal gene transfer (HGT) of the SXT element harbored by V. cholerae O1 and non-O1/non-O139 strains isolated from clinical and environmental water sources. Environmental water might be an important source of antimicrobial resistance genes in V. cholerae in this region. Direct detection of antimicrobial resistance genes in water samples can be used for monitoring the spread of such genes in the ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanida Mala
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Kiatichai Faksri
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand; Research and Diagnostic Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Kittipan Samerpitak
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Umaporn Yordpratum
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Wanlop Kaewkes
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand; Research and Diagnostic Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Unchalee Tattawasart
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand; Research and Diagnostic Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Chariya Chomvarin
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand; Research and Diagnostic Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
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Comparative genome analysis of VSP-II and SNPs reveals heterogenic variation in contemporary strains of Vibrio cholerae O1 isolated from cholera patients in Kolkata, India. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2017; 11:e0005386. [PMID: 28192431 PMCID: PMC5349696 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholera is an acute diarrheal disease and a major public health problem in many developing countries in Asia, Africa, and Latin America. Since the Bay of Bengal is considered the epicenter for the seventh cholera pandemic, it is important to understand the genetic dynamism of Vibrio cholerae from Kolkata, as a representative of the Bengal region. We analyzed whole genome sequence data of V. cholerae O1 isolated from cholera patients in Kolkata, India, from 2007 to 2014 and identified the heterogeneous genomic region in these strains. In addition, we carried out a phylogenetic analysis based on the whole genome single nucleotide polymorphisms to determine the genetic lineage of strains in Kolkata. This analysis revealed the heterogeneity of the Vibrio seventh pandemic island (VSP)-II in Kolkata strains. The ctxB genotype was also heterogeneous and was highly related to VSP-II types. In addition, phylogenetic analysis revealed the shifts in predominant strains in Kolkata. Two distinct lineages, 1 and 2, were found between 2007 and 2010. However, the proportion changed markedly in 2010 and lineage 2 strains were predominant thereafter. Lineage 2 can be divided into four sublineages, I, II, III and IV. The results of this study indicate that lineages 1 and 2-I were concurrently prevalent between 2007 and 2009, and lineage 2-III observed in 2010, followed by the predominance of lineage 2-IV in 2011 and continued until 2014. Our findings demonstrate that the epidemic of cholera in Kolkata was caused by several distinct strains that have been constantly changing within the genetic lineages of V. cholerae O1 in recent years. Seven cholera pandemics have been recorded throughout history, and the sixth, and presumably earlier pandemics, emerged from the Bay of Bengal. The seventh pandemic strain also appeared and spread from this area to different area of the world. Thus, the Bay of Bengal has always been considered the epicenter of cholera pandemics. In this report, we characterized the V. cholerae strains isolated from patients with cholera in Kolkata as a representative area of the Bay of Bengal between 2007 and 2014. The analysis revealed that the cholera epidemics were caused by several distinct V. cholerae O1 strains and that the predominant strains have genetically changed several times in recent years.
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Adewale AK, Pazhani GP, Abiodun IB, Afolabi O, Kolawole OD, Mukhopadhyay AK, Ramamurthy T. Unique Clones of Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor with Haitian Type ctxB Allele Implicated in the Recent Cholera Epidemics from Nigeria, Africa. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159794. [PMID: 27479360 PMCID: PMC4968787 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives The antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and genetic characteristics of Vibrio cholerae O1, which is responsible for several cholera epidemics in Nigeria, are not reported in detail since 2007. In this study, we screened V. cholerae O1 El Tor biotype isolates from cholera cases and water samples from different states to investigate their phenotypic and genetic attributes with special reference to their clonality. Results All the V. cholerae O1 biotype El Tor isolates isolated during 2007–2013 were susceptible to fluoroquinolones and tetracycline, the drugs currently used in the treatment of cholera cases in Nigeria. Emergence of CT genotype 7 (Haitian type of ctxB allele) was predominantly seen among Ogawa serotype and the CT genotype 1 (classical ctxB allele) was mostly found in Inaba serotype. Overall, V. cholerae O1 from clinical and water samples were found to be closely related as determined by the pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. V. cholerae isolates from Abia, Kano and Bauchi were found to be genetically distinct from the other states of Nigeria. Conclusion Fecal contamination of the water sources may be the possible source of the cholera infection. Combined prevalence of Haitian and classical ctxB alleles were detected in Ogawa and Inaba serotypes, respectively. This study further demonstrated that V. cholerae O1 with the ctxB has been emerged similar to the isolates reported in Haiti. Our findings suggest that the use of fluoroquinolones or tetracycline/doxycycline may help in the effective management of acute cholera in the affected Nigerian states. In addition, strengthening the existing surveillance in the hospitals of all the states and supply of clean drinking water may control cholera outbreaks in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gururaja Perumal Pazhani
- Division of Molecular Microbiology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India
| | | | | | | | - Asish K. Mukhopadhyay
- Division of Molecular Microbiology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India
| | - Thanadarayan Ramamurthy
- Division of Molecular Microbiology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India
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Onischenko GG, Popova AY, Kutyrev VV, Smirnova NI, Scherbakova SA, Moskvitina EA, Titova SV. ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF EPIDEMIOLOGIC CONTROL, LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICS AND PROPHYLAXIS OF CHOLERA IN RUSSIAN FEDERATION. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.36233/0372-9311-2016-1-89-101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - A. Yu. Popova
- Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights’ Protection and Human Wellbeing
| | - V. V. Kutyrev
- Russian Research Institute for Plague Control «Microbe»
| | | | | | | | - S. V. Titova
- Rostov-on-Don Research Institute for Plague Control
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Distribution and molecular characteristics of Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor isolates recovered in Guangdong Province, China, 1961-2013. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2015; 37:70-6. [PMID: 26554719 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2015.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Revised: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
China's Guangdong Province is located along the same latitude as Kolkata, India and Dhaka, Bangladesh, and is also considered a source of epidemic cholera. However, molecular description and the genetic relationships between Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor isolates in Guangdong remain unclear. In this study, 381 clinical V. cholerae O1 isolates recovered from cholera cases presenting in Guangdong between 1961 and 2013 were investigated by PCR, amplicon sequencing and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). During this time frame, four distinct epidemic periods (1-4) were observed based on the different dominant serotype leading its epidemic, correspond to years; or time periods from/to 1961-1969, 1978-1989, 1990-2000, 2001-2013, respectively. Molecular analysis of representative isolates indicated that a single dominating clone was associated with each epidemic stage. All isolates from periods 1 and 2 carried the typical El Tor ctxB; this allele was displaced by classical ctxB beginning in 1993. However all isolates carried the El Tor-specific toxin-coregulated pili subunit A (tcpA). Isolates were grouped into five clusters on the basis of Not I enzyme digested PFGE, and the first four clusters were associated with specific periods, cluster I (period 1), II (period 3), III (period 2) and IV (period 4), respectively. While cluster V consisted of isolates from all four epidemic periods, but was most heterogeneous in appearance. Our data indicate genetic variations that shape the relationship among emerging isolates of V. cholerae O1 in Guangdong Province contribute to the 7th global pandemic.
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Acquisition and evolution of SXT-R391 integrative conjugative elements in the seventh-pandemic Vibrio cholerae lineage. mBio 2014; 5:mBio.01356-14. [PMID: 25139901 PMCID: PMC4147863 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01356-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
SXT-R391 Integrative conjugative elements (ICEs) are self-transmissible mobile genetic elements able to confer multidrug resistance and other adaptive features to bacterial hosts, including Vibrio cholerae, the causative agent of cholera. ICEs are arranged in a mosaic genetic structure composed of a conserved backbone interspersed with variable DNA clusters located in conserved hot spots. In this study, we investigated ICE acquisition and subsequent microevolution in pandemic V. cholerae. Ninety-six ICEs were retrieved from publicly available sequence databases from V. cholerae clinical strains and were compared to a set of reference ICEs. Comparative genomics highlighted the existence of five main ICE groups with a distinct genetic makeup, exemplified by ICEVchInd5, ICEVchMoz10, SXT, ICEVchInd6, and ICEVchBan11. ICEVchInd5 (the most frequent element, represented by 70 of 96 elements analyzed) displayed no sequence rearrangements and was characterized by 46 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). SNP analysis revealed that recent inter-ICE homologous recombination between ICEVchInd5 and other ICEs circulating in gammaproteobacteria generated ICEVchMoz10, ICEVchInd6, and ICEVchBan11. Bayesian phylogenetic analyses indicated that ICEVchInd5 and SXT were independently acquired by the current pandemic V. cholerae O1 and O139 lineages, respectively, within a period of only a few years. SXT-R391 ICEs have been recognized as key vectors of antibiotic resistance in the seventh-pandemic lineage of V. cholerae, which remains a major cause of mortality and morbidity on a global scale. ICEs were acquired only recently in this clade and are acknowledged to be major contributors to horizontal gene transfer and the acquisition of new traits in bacterial species. We have reconstructed the temporal dynamics of SXT-R391 ICE acquisition and spread and have identified subsequent recombination events generating significant diversity in ICEs currently circulating among V. cholerae clinical strains. Our results showed that acquisition of SXT-R391 ICEs provided the V. cholerae seventh-pandemic lineage not only with a multidrug resistance phenotype but also with a powerful molecular tool for rapidly accessing the pan-genome of a large number of gammaproteobacteria.
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Kumar P, Mishra DK, Deshmukh DG, Jain M, Zade AM, Ingole KV, Goel AK, Yadava PK. Vibrio cholerae O1 Ogawa El Tor strains with the ctxB7 allele driving cholera outbreaks in south-western India in 2012. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2014; 25:93-6. [PMID: 24747608 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2014.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2013] [Revised: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cholera has been a recurrent epidemic disease in human populations for the past 200years. We present herein a comparative characterization of clinical Vibrio cholerae strains isolated from two consecutive cholera outbreaks in 2012 and associated environmental strains from western India. The clinical and toxigenic environmental isolates were identified as hybrid V. cholerae O1, serotype Ogawa, biotype El Tor carrying the variant ctxB7 allele. Partial sequences of SXT integrase from the isolates revealed 100% identity to ICEVchInd5 (Sevagram, India, 1994) and VC1786ICE (Haiti, 2013). The full clonal relationship of the strains established by RAPD, Box PCR, ERIC PCR and MLST (pyrH, recA and rpoA) analyses, and the short time between the two outbreaks, strongly supported that both outbreaks were due to a single strain. The study corroborated that faecal contamination of the potable water supply was the main reason for the first outbreak, which further spread to other areas and resulted in the second outbreak. The study concluded that the circulating El Tor variant strains of epidemic potential in the region can be a serious concern in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Kumar
- Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - D K Mishra
- Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | | | - M Jain
- Defence Research and Development Establishment, Gwalior 474002, India
| | - A M Zade
- SVN Govt. Medical College, Yavatmal, India
| | - K V Ingole
- SVN Govt. Medical College, Yavatmal, India
| | - A K Goel
- Defence Research and Development Establishment, Gwalior 474002, India
| | - P K Yadava
- Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India.
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20
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Saidi SM, Chowdhury N, Awasthi SP, Asakura M, Hinenoya A, Iijima Y, Yamasaki S. Prevalence of Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor variant in a cholera-endemic zone of Kenya. J Med Microbiol 2014; 63:415-420. [PMID: 24396087 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.068999-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Since 2007, Kenya has experienced an increase in cholera outbreaks characterized by a high fatality rate. In this study, we characterized 81 Vibrio cholerae isolates from diarrhoeal stool samples in Nyanza, a cholera-endemic lake region of Kenya, for virulence properties, clonality and antibiotic susceptibility. Eighty of these isolates were V. cholerae O1 El Tor variants carrying the classical ctxB gene sequence, while one isolate was V. cholerae non-O1/O139. All of the El Tor variants were of clonal origin, as revealed by PFGE, and were susceptible to ampicillin, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, fosfomycin, kanamycin and norfloxacin. However, the isolates showed resistance to sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim and streptomycin, and intermediate resistance to nalidixic acid, chloramphenicol and imipenem. The non-O1/O139 isolate carried the cholix toxin II gene (chxA II) and was susceptible to all antimicrobials tested except ampicillin. We propose that an El Tor variant clone caused the Nyanza cholera outbreak of 2007-2008.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suleiman M Saidi
- Medical Sciences Department, Technical University of Mombasa, Mombasa, Kenya.,International Prevention of Epidemics, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Nityananda Chowdhury
- International Prevention of Epidemics, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Sharda P Awasthi
- International Prevention of Epidemics, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masahiro Asakura
- International Prevention of Epidemics, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Hinenoya
- International Prevention of Epidemics, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Shinji Yamasaki
- International Prevention of Epidemics, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
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Mukherjee M, Kakarla P, Kumar S, Gonzalez E, Floyd JT, Inupakutika M, Devireddy AR, Tirrell SR, Bruns M, He G, Lindquist IE, Sundararajan A, Schilkey FD, Mudge J, Varela MF. Comparative genome analysis of non-toxigenic non-O1 versus toxigenic O1 Vibrio cholerae.. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 2:1-15. [PMID: 25722857 PMCID: PMC4338557 DOI: 10.7243/2052-7993-2-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pathogenic strains of Vibrio cholerae are responsible for endemic and pandemic outbreaks of the disease cholera. The complete toxigenic mechanisms underlying virulence in Vibrio strains are poorly understood. The hypothesis of this work was that virulent versus non-virulent strains of V. cholerae harbor distinctive genomic elements that encode virulence. The purpose of this study was to elucidate genomic differences between the O1 serotypes and non-O1 V. cholerae PS15, a non-toxigenic strain, in order to identify novel genes potentially responsible for virulence. In this study, we compared the whole genome of the non-O1 PS15 strain to the whole genomes of toxigenic serotypes at the phylogenetic level, and found that the PS15 genome was distantly related to those of toxigenic V. cholerae. Thus we focused on a detailed gene comparison between PS15 and the distantly related O1 V. cholerae N16961. Based on sequence alignment we tentatively assigned chromosome numbers 1 and 2 to elements within the genome of non-O1 V. cholerae PS15. Further, we found that PS15 and O1 V. cholerae N16961 shared 98% identity and 766 genes, but of the genes present in N16961 that were missing in the non-O1 V. cholerae PS15 genome, 56 were predicted to encode not only for virulence-related genes (colonization, antimicrobial resistance, and regulation of persister cells) but also genes involved in the metabolic biosynthesis of lipids, nucleosides and sulfur compounds. Additionally, we found 113 genes unique to PS15 that were predicted to encode other properties related to virulence, disease, defense, membrane transport, and DNA metabolism. Here, we identified distinctive and novel genomic elements between O1 and non-O1 V. cholerae genomes as potential virulence factors and, thus, targets for future therapeutics. Modulation of such novel targets may eventually enhance eradication efforts of endemic and pandemic disease cholera in afflicted nations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munmun Mukherjee
- Eastern New Mexico University, Department of Biology, Portales, New Mexico, 88130, USA
| | - Prathusha Kakarla
- Eastern New Mexico University, Department of Biology, Portales, New Mexico, 88130, USA
| | - Sanath Kumar
- QC Laboratory, Harvest and Post Harvest Technology Division, Central Institute of Fisheries Education (CIFE), Seven Bungalows, Versova, Andheri (W), Mumbai 400061, India
| | - Esmeralda Gonzalez
- Eastern New Mexico University, Department of Biology, Portales, New Mexico, 88130, USA
| | - Jared T Floyd
- Eastern New Mexico University, Department of Biology, Portales, New Mexico, 88130, USA
| | - Madhuri Inupakutika
- Eastern New Mexico University, Department of Biology, Portales, New Mexico, 88130, USA
| | - Amith Reddy Devireddy
- Eastern New Mexico University, Department of Biology, Portales, New Mexico, 88130, USA
| | - Selena R Tirrell
- Eastern New Mexico University, Department of Biology, Portales, New Mexico, 88130, USA
| | - Merissa Bruns
- Eastern New Mexico University, Department of Biology, Portales, New Mexico, 88130, USA
| | - Guixin He
- University of Massachusetts Lowell, Department of Clinical Laboratory and Nutritional Sciences, Lowell, MA 01854, USA
| | | | | | - Faye D Schilkey
- National Center for Genome Resources, Santa Fe, New Mexico, 87505, USA
| | - Joann Mudge
- National Center for Genome Resources, Santa Fe, New Mexico, 87505, USA
| | - Manuel F Varela
- Eastern New Mexico University, Department of Biology, Portales, New Mexico, 88130, USA
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Gu W, Yin J, Yang J, Li C, Chen Y, Yin J, Xu W, Zhao S, Liang J, Jing H, Fu X. Characterization of Vibrio cholerae from 1986 to 2012 in Yunnan Province, southwest China bordering Myanmar. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2014; 21:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2013.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Revised: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 10/18/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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The seventh pandemic Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor isolate in China has undergone genetic shifts. J Clin Microbiol 2013; 52:964-7. [PMID: 24353005 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.03121-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A total of 330 clinical Vibrio cholerae O1 serogroups from China dating between 1961 and 2010 were investigated. By phenotypic biotyping and genetic analysis, during the seventh pandemic of V. cholerae O1 in China, the isolates of hybrid biotype (mixed classical phenotypes) were present during the entire1961-2010 period, while El Tor genetic shifts appeared in 1992 and replaced the prototype El Tor from 2002 to 2010.
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Valia R, Taviani E, Spagnoletti M, Ceccarelli D, Cappuccinelli P, Colombo MM. Vibrio cholerae O1 epidemic variants in Angola: a retrospective study between 1992 and 2006. Front Microbiol 2013; 4:354. [PMID: 24348465 PMCID: PMC3842873 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2013.00354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholera is still a major public health concern in many African countries. In Angola, after a decade of absence, cholera reemerged in 1987, spreading throughout the country until 1996, with outbreaks recurring in a seasonal pattern. In 2006 Angola was hit by one of the most severe outbreaks of the last decade, with ca. 240,000 cases reported. We analyzed 21 clinical strains isolated between 1992 and 2006 from several provinces throughout the country: Benguela, Bengo, Luanda, Cuando Cubango, and Cabinda. We used two multiplex PCR assays to investigate discriminatory mobile genetic elements (MGE) [Integrative Conjugative Elements (ICEs), VSP-II, GI12, GI14, GI15, K, and TLC phages] and we compared the profiles obtained with those of different reference V. cholerae O1 variants (prototypical, altered, and hybrid), responsible for the ongoing 7th pandemic. We also tested the strains for the presence of specific VSP-II variants and for the presence of a genomic island (GI) (WASA-1), correlated with the transmission of seventh pandemic cholera from Africa to South America. Based on the presence/absence of the analyzed genetic elements, five novel profiles were detected in the epidemic strains circulating in the 1990s. The most frequent profiles, F and G, were characterized by the absence of ICEs and the three GIs tested, and the presence of GI WASA-1 and the WASA variant of the VSP-II island. Our results identified unexpected variability within the 1990s epidemic, showing different rearrangements in a dynamic part of the genome not present in the prototypical V. cholerae O1 N16961. Moreover the 2006 strains differed from the current pandemic V. cholerae O1 strain. Taken together, our results highlight the role of horizontal gene transfer (HGT) in diversifying the genetic background of V. cholerae within a single epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romy Valia
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie C. Darwin, Università di Roma Sapienza Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Taviani
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie C. Darwin, Università di Roma Sapienza Rome, Italy ; Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade E. Mondlane Maputo Mozambique
| | - Matteo Spagnoletti
- Department of Genetics, University College London Genetics Institute, Evolution and Environment, University College London London, UK
| | - Daniela Ceccarelli
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland College Park, MD, USA
| | | | - Mauro M Colombo
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie C. Darwin, Università di Roma Sapienza Rome, Italy ; Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade E. Mondlane Maputo Mozambique
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Ceccarelli D, Spagnoletti M, Hasan NA, Lansing S, Huq A, Colwell RR. A new integrative conjugative element detected in Haitian isolates of Vibrio cholerae non-O1/non-O139. Res Microbiol 2013; 164:891-893. [PMID: 23994142 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2013.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The presence of SXT/R391-related integrating conjugative elements (ICEs) in Vibrio cholerae O1 and non-O1/non-O139 isolated from clinical and environmental samples in Haiti in 2010 was studied. The main finding of this work was the identification of the novel ICEVchHai2 among closely related V. cholerae non-O1/non-O139 clinical strains. The mosaic structure of this element confirms the role of ICEs as efficient recombination systems whereby new genetic material can be acquired and exchanged, according V. cholerae strains new accessory functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Ceccarelli
- Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Matteo Spagnoletti
- University College London Genetics Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Nur A Hasan
- Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.,CosmosID Inc., College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Stephanie Lansing
- Department of Environmental Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Anwar Huq
- Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.,Maryland Institute of Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Rita R Colwell
- Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.,CosmosID Inc., College Park, MD 20742, USA.,Maryland Institute of Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.,Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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Marin MA, Thompson CC, Freitas FS, Fonseca EL, Aboderin AO, Zailani SB, Quartey NKE, Okeke IN, Vicente ACP. Cholera outbreaks in Nigeria are associated with multidrug resistant atypical El Tor and non-O1/non-O139 Vibrio cholerae. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2013; 7:e2049. [PMID: 23459673 PMCID: PMC3573102 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2012] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The current millennium has seen a steep rise in the number, size and case-fatalities of cholera outbreaks in many African countries. Over 40,000 cases of cholera were reported from Nigeria in 2010. Variants of Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor biotype have emerged but very little is known about strains causing cholera outbreaks in West Africa, which is crucial for the implementation of interventions to control epidemic cholera. Methodology/Principal Findings V. cholerae isolates from outbreaks of acute watery diarrhea in Nigeria from December, 2009 to October, 2010 were identified by standard culture methods. Fifteen O1 and five non-O1/non-O139 strains were analyzed; PCR and sequencing targeted regions associated with virulence, resistance and biotype were performed. We also studied genetic interrelatedness among the strains by multilocus sequence analysis and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. The antibiotic susceptibility was tested by the disk diffusion method and E-test. We found that multidrug resistant atypical El Tor strains, with reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin and chloramphenicol, characterized by the presence of the SXT element, and gyrASer83Ile/parCSer85Leu alleles as well CTX phage and TCP cluster characterized by rstRElTor, ctxB-7 and tcpACIRS alleles, respectively, were largely responsible for cholera outbreaks in 2009 and 2010. We also identified and characterized a V. cholerae non-O1/non-O139 lineage from cholera-like diarrhea cases in Nigeria. Conclusions/Significance The recent Nigeria outbreaks have been determined by multidrug resistant atypical El Tor and non-O1/non-O139 V. cholerae strains, and it seems that the typical El Tor, from the beginning of seventh cholera pandemic, is no longer epidemic/endemic in this country. This scenario is similar to the East Africa, Asia and Caribbean countries. The detection of a highly virulent, antimicrobial resistant lineage in Nigeria is worrisome and points to a need for vaccine-based control of the disease. This study has also revealed the putative importance of non-O1/non-O139 V. cholerae in diarrheal disease in Nigeria. Cholera is acute watery diarrhoea, severely dehydrating, caused by Vibrio cholerae, a bacterium ubiquitous in aquatic environments. Cholera is a global threat, particularly, in areas where sanitary conditions, such as drinking water and sewage, are not available. Seven cholera pandemics, all originating in Asia, occurred. The ongoing pandemic, the 7th, has been caused by V. cholerae El Tor biotype. Recently, El Tor has undergone genetic changes and the strains being referred to as “atypical” El Tor are rapidly replacing the original El Tor in many areas. The atypical El Tor is characterized by multi-antibiotic resistance and changes in the major virulence determinants. Cholera caused by atypical strains may be more clinically severe. In Africa, cholera outbreaks are occurring with increasing frequency and severity, as demonstrated by the recent major outbreaks in Nigeria, Angola, Mozambique and Zimbabwe. Here, we performed a comprehensive characterization of V. cholerae isolated from different recent outbreaks in Nigeria. Our results show that cholera outbreaks in Nigeria are driven by atypical El Tor strains, as worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel A. Marin
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Microorganisms, Oswaldo Cruz Institute (IOC), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cristiane C. Thompson
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Microorganisms, Oswaldo Cruz Institute (IOC), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fernanda S. Freitas
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Microorganisms, Oswaldo Cruz Institute (IOC), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Erica L. Fonseca
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Microorganisms, Oswaldo Cruz Institute (IOC), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - A. Oladipo Aboderin
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Parasitology, College of Health Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Sambo B. Zailani
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria
| | - Naa Kwarley E. Quartey
- Department of Biology, Haverford College, Haverford, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Iruka N. Okeke
- Department of Biology, Haverford College, Haverford, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Ana Carolina P. Vicente
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Microorganisms, Oswaldo Cruz Institute (IOC), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Okada K, Roobthaisong A, Nakagawa I, Hamada S, Chantaroj S. Genotypic and PFGE/MLVA analyses of Vibrio cholerae O1: geographical spread and temporal changes during the 2007-2010 cholera outbreaks in Thailand. PLoS One 2012; 7:e30863. [PMID: 22292065 PMCID: PMC3265523 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0030863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2011] [Accepted: 12/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor dominated the seventh cholera pandemic which occurred in the 1960s. For two decades, variants of V. cholerae O1 El Tor that produce classical cholera toxin have emerged and spread globally, replacing the prototypic El Tor biotype. This study aims to characterize V. cholerae O1 isolates from outbreaks in Thailand with special reference to genotypic variations over time. METHODS/FINDINGS A total of 343 isolates of V. cholerae O1 from cholera outbreaks from 2007 to 2010 were investigated, and 99.4% were found to carry the classical cholera toxin B subunit (ctxB) and El Tor rstR genes. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) differentiated the isolates into 10 distinct pulsotypes, clustered into two major groups, A and B, with an overall similarity of 88%. Ribotyping, multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (MLVA), and PCR to detect Vibrio seventh pandemic island II (VSP-II) related genes of randomly selected isolates from each pulsotype corresponded to the results obtained by PFGE. Epidemiological investigations revealed that MLVA type 2 was strongly associated with a cholera outbreak in northeastern Thailand in 2007, while MLVA type 7 dominated the outbreaks of the southern Gulf areas in 2009 and MLVA type 4 dominated the outbreaks of the central Gulf areas during 2009-2010. Only MLVA type 16 isolates were found in a Thai-Myanmar border area in 2010, whereas those of MLVA types 26, 39, and 41 predominated this border area in 2008. Type 39 then disappeared 1-2 years later as MLVA type 41 became prevalent. Type 41 was also found to infect an outbreak area. CONCLUSIONS MLVA provided a high-throughput genetic typing tool for understanding the in-depth epidemiology of cholera outbreaks. Our epidemiological surveys suggest that some clones of V. cholerae O1 with similar but distinctive genetic traits circulate in outbreak sites, while others disappear over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhisa Okada
- Thailand-Japan Research Collaboration Center on Emerging and Re-emerging Infections, Nonthaburi, Thailand.
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Spagnoletti M, Ceccarelli D, Colombo MM. Rapid detection by multiplex PCR of Genomic Islands, prophages and Integrative Conjugative Elements in V. cholerae 7th pandemic variants. J Microbiol Methods 2012; 88:98-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2011.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2011] [Revised: 10/21/2011] [Accepted: 10/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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