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Messele YE, Werid GM, Petrovski K. Meta-Analysis on the Global Prevalence of Tetracycline Resistance in Escherichia coli Isolated from Beef Cattle. Vet Sci 2023; 10:479. [PMID: 37505883 PMCID: PMC10385540 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10070479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an emerging global concern, with the widespread use of antimicrobials in One Health contributing significantly to this phenomenon. Among various antimicrobials, tetracyclines are extensively used in the beef cattle industry, potentially contributing to the development of resistance in bacterial populations. This meta-analysis aimed to examine the association between tetracycline use in beef cattle and the development of tetracycline resistance in Escherichia coli isolates. A comprehensive search was conducted using multiple databases to gather relevant observational studies evaluating tetracycline use and tetracycline resistance in Escherichia coli isolates from beef cattle. The rate of tetracycline resistance from each study served as the effect measure and was pooled using a random-effects model, considering possible disparities among studies. The meta-analysis of 14 prospective longitudinal studies resulted in a 0.31 prevalence of tetracycline resistance in Escherichia coli in non-intervention (no exposure), contrasting numerically elevated resistance rates in the intervention (exposed) groups of 0.53 and 0.39 in those receiving tetracyclines via feed or systemically, respectively. Despite the observed numerical differences, no statistically significant differences existed between intervention and non-intervention groups, challenging the conventional belief that antimicrobial use in livestock inherently leads to increased AMR. The findings of this study underscore the need for additional research to fully understand the complex relationship between antimicrobial use and AMR development. A considerable degree of heterogeneity across studies, potentially driven by variations in study design and diverse presentation of results, indicates the intricate and complex nature of AMR development. Further research with standardized methodologies might help elucidate the relationship between tetracycline use and resistance in Escherichia coli isolated from beef cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohannes E Messele
- Davies Livestock Research Centre, School of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy Campus, Roseworthy, SA 5371, Australia
| | - Gebremeskel Mamu Werid
- Davies Livestock Research Centre, School of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy Campus, Roseworthy, SA 5371, Australia
| | - Kiro Petrovski
- Davies Livestock Research Centre, School of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy Campus, Roseworthy, SA 5371, Australia
- Australian Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance Ecology, School of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy Campus, Roseworthy, SA 5371, Australia
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2
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Long NS, Wells JE, Berry ED, Legako JF, Woerner DR, Loneragan GH, Broadway PR, Carroll JA, Burdick Sanchez NC, Fernando SC, Bacon CM, Helmuth CL, Smock TM, Manahan JL, Hoffman AA, Hales KE. Metaphylactic antimicrobial effects on occurrences of antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella, Escherichia coli, and Enterococcus spp. measured longitudinally from feedlot arrival to harvest in high-risk beef cattle. J Appl Microbiol 2022; 133:1940-1955. [PMID: 35766106 PMCID: PMC9546201 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Aims Our objective was to determine how injectable antimicrobials affected populations of Salmonella enterica, Escherichia coli and Enterococcus spp. in feedlot cattle. Methods and Results Two arrival date blocks of high‐risk crossbred beef cattle (n = 249; mean BW = 244 kg) were randomly assigned one of four antimicrobial treatments administered on day 0: sterile saline control (CON), tulathromycin (TUL), ceftiofur (CEF) or florfenicol (FLR). Faecal samples were collected on days 0, 28, 56, 112, 182 and study end (day 252 for block 1 and day 242 for block 2). Hide swabs and subiliac lymph nodes were collected the day before and the day of harvest. Samples were cultured for antimicrobial‐resistant Salmonella, Escherichia coli and Enterococcus spp. The effect of treatment varied by day across all targeted bacterial populations (p ≤ 0.01) except total E. coli. Total E. coli counts were greatest on days 112, 182 and study end (p ≤ 0.01). Tulathromycin resulted in greater counts and prevalence of Salmonella from faeces than CON at study end (p ≤ 0.01). Tulathromycin and CEF yielded greater Salmonella hide prevalence and greater counts of 128ERYRE. coli at study end than CON (p ≤ 0.01). No faecal Salmonella resistant to tetracyclines or third‐generation cephalosporins were detected. Ceftiofur was associated with greater counts of 8ERYREnterococcus spp. at study end (p ≤ 0.03). By the day before harvest, antimicrobial use did not increase prevalence or counts for all other bacterial populations compared with CON (p ≥ 0.13). Conclusions Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in feedlot cattle is not caused solely by using a metaphylactic antimicrobial on arrival, but more likely a multitude of environmental and management factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- N S Long
- Department of Animal & Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - J E Wells
- USDA-ARS, U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, Nebraska, USA
| | - E D Berry
- USDA-ARS, U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, Nebraska, USA
| | - J F Legako
- Department of Animal & Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - D R Woerner
- Department of Animal & Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - G H Loneragan
- Texas Tech University, School of Veterinary Medicine, Amarillo, Texas, USA
| | - P R Broadway
- USDA-ARS, Livestock Issues Research Unit, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - J A Carroll
- USDA-ARS, Livestock Issues Research Unit, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | | | - S C Fernando
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - C M Bacon
- Department of Animal & Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - C L Helmuth
- Department of Animal & Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - T M Smock
- Department of Animal & Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - J L Manahan
- Department of Animal & Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - A A Hoffman
- Department of Animal & Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - K E Hales
- Department of Animal & Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
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3
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Kürekci C, Aydın M, Tekeli İO, Ambarcıoğlu P, Şengül SA, Sakin F. Occurrence and characterization of ciprofloxacin‐resistant
Escherichia coli
from bovine and ovine bulk tank milk samples in Turkey. J Food Saf 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cemil Kürekci
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Mustafa Kemal University Antakya Hatay Turkey
| | - Muhsin Aydın
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Letters Adıyaman University Adıyaman Turkey
| | - İbrahim Ozan Tekeli
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Mustafa Kemal University Antakya Hatay Turkey
| | - Pınar Ambarcıoğlu
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Mustafa Kemal University Antakya Hatay Turkey
| | - Seydi Ahmet Şengül
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Mustafa Kemal University Antakya Hatay Turkey
| | - Fatih Sakin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Mustafa Kemal University Antakya Hatay Turkey
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Oh SI, Ha S, Roh JH, Hur TY, Yoo JG. Dynamic Changes in Antimicrobial Resistance in Fecal Escherichia coli from Neonatal Dairy Calves: An Individual Follow-Up Study. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10101776. [PMID: 33019522 PMCID: PMC7600855 DOI: 10.3390/ani10101776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Antimicrobial resistance in food animals is a global public health concern. In dairy farms, young calves typically carry high levels of antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) Escherichia coli, and may act as a potential reservoir. Fecal E. coli were isolated and tested for susceptibilities to eight common antimicrobials from 19 newborn dairy calves using individual follow-up at daily and weekly intervals. Shedding of AMR E. coli first appeared at 2–3 days after birth. The majority of fecal E. coli from neonatal calves (≤28 days old) were resistant to streptomycin, sulfisoxazole, and tetracycline. A tetracyclines-associated resistance gene (tetB) was predominant in the fecal E. coli from neonatal calves, and was also detected in maternal colostrum samples from the mothers of the tested calves. These results suggest the potential of antimicrobial resistance genes being shared between neonatal calves and their mothers’ colostrum. Neonatal calves with a history of treatment with ceftiofur also shed AMR E. coli resistant against beta-lactams. Moreover, these results provide new insights for controlling the spread of antimicrobial resistance on dairy farms. Abstract The prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) Escherichia coli is typically higher in the feces of young dairy calves than in the feces of older cattle; however, the underlying factors contributing to this difference are poorly understood. In this study, AMR fecal E. coli from neonatal calves were characterized both at phenotypic and genotypic levels by individual follow-up sampling. Antimicrobial resistance profiles of E. coli isolates from the maternal colostrum were also determined. Most of the fecal AMR E. coli emerged in the calves at 2–3 days of age. The tetB was the most prevalent resistance gene detected among AMR fecal E. coli from <7-day-old calves, and was also detected in two isolates from the maternal colostrum. Weekly sampling revealed changes in the phenotype of AMR fecal E. coli as the calves aged. More than half of the fecal E. coli isolates acquired additional resistance to beta-lactams by 21–28 days of age, and minimum inhibitory concentrations were higher in ceftiofur-exposed calves than in unexposed calves. Our findings reveal the dynamic changes in AMR fecal E. coli from neonatal calves, and suggest that the feeding of colostrum and ceftiofur administration contribute to the higher prevalence of AMR E. coli in young dairy calves.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jae Gyu Yoo
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-63-238-7220; Fax: +82-63-238-7235
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Iramiot JS, Kajumbula H, Bazira J, Kansiime C, Asiimwe BB. Antimicrobial resistance at the human-animal interface in the Pastoralist Communities of Kasese District, South Western Uganda. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14737. [PMID: 32895433 PMCID: PMC7477235 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70517-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Intensive usage of antimicrobials in the management of animal diseases leads to selection for resistance among microorganisms. This study aimed to assess antimicrobial use and to describe factors associated with the transmission of antimicrobial resistance between humans and animals in pastoralist communities of Kasese district. A mixed-methods approach was employed in this study. Rectal swabs were collected from the participants and cattle and transported in Carry-Blaire transport medium to the laboratory within 24 h of collection for culture and sensitivity to confirm carriage of multi-drug resistant bacteria. In-depth interviews were conducted among veterinary officers, veterinary drug vendors, human health facility in-charges in both public and private health facilities, and operators of human pharmacies and drug shops. Carriage of multi-drug resistant bacteria among humans was 88 (93%) and 76(80%) among cattle. Consumption of lakeshore water and carriage of multi-drug resistant bacteria in cattle were associated with carriage of multi-drug resistant bacteria in the human population. The prevalence of multi-drug resistance among organisms Isolated from both humans and animals was high. There is a high likelihood of transmission of multi-drug resistance between humans and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Stanley Iramiot
- Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University School of Biomedical Sciences, P.O Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Busitema University, Mbale, Uganda
| | - Henry Kajumbula
- Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University School of Biomedical Sciences, P.O Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Joel Bazira
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Catherine Kansiime
- Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University School of Biomedical Sciences, P.O Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Benon B. Asiimwe
- Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University School of Biomedical Sciences, P.O Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda
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Araby E, Nada HG, Abou El-Nour SA, Hammad A. Detection of tetracycline and streptomycin in beef tissues using Charm II, isolation of relevant resistant bacteria and control their resistance by gamma radiation. BMC Microbiol 2020; 20:186. [PMID: 32600267 PMCID: PMC7325294 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-020-01868-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Misuse of antibiotics in veterinary medicine has the potential to generate residues in animal derived products, which could contributing to the development of an important health risk either through the exposure to antibiotic residues or the transfer of antibiotic resistance among foodborne pathogens as well. Tetracycline (TE) and eptomycin (ST) are commonly used as antibiotics in the Egyptian animal husbandry. The objective of this study, quick detection of TE and ST in fresh local beef tissue samples using radioimmunoassay Charm II technique, isolation and identification of relevant highly resistant bacterial strains. In addition to investigating the effect of gamma radiation on the susceptibility of such resistant strains to TE and ST. Results Tetracycline (TE) was detected in all collected samples, while ST was detected in 38.46% (5/13) and 87.5% (7/8) of meat and liver samples, respectively. Fifty-one bacterial isolates were isolated from the tested samples, among them, the highest resistant isolates to TE or ST were identified as Streptococcus thoraltensis, Proteus mirabilis (2 isolates) and E. coli (3 isolates). Among them, the highest D10-values in phosphate buffer; 0.807 and 0.480; kGy were recorded with S. thoraltensis and E. coli no.3, respectively. Such values increased to record 0.840 and 0.549 kGy, respectively after artificial inoculation into meat, indicating increased resistance to gamma radiation. Gamma radiation at dose 3 kGy increased the susceptibility of S. thoraltensis up to 50% to TE and ST, while the sensitivity of E. coli no.3 reached up 56% to both antibiotics at the same dose. Conclusions High prevalence of TE in all fresh collected tissue samples suggests an extensively use of TE as antimicrobial in conventional beef production as compared to ST in the Egyptian cows’ husbandry. Moreover, irradiation of food from animal origin by gamma radiation could potentially provide protection against resistant strains. In spite of limited samples used in this study, our data could raise the concerns of public health professionals about a withdrawal period before animals slaughtering, and address the importance of gamma radiation to minimize the hazards of foodborne resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Araby
- Radiation Microbiology Department, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), 3 Ahmed El-Zomor St., P.O. Box 29, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hanady G Nada
- Drug Radiation Research Department, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), 3 Ahmed El-Zomor St., P.O. Box 29, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Salwa A Abou El-Nour
- Radiation Microbiology Department, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), 3 Ahmed El-Zomor St., P.O. Box 29, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ali Hammad
- Radiation Microbiology Department, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), 3 Ahmed El-Zomor St., P.O. Box 29, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
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7
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Bird-livestock interactions associated with increased cattle fecal shedding of ciprofloxacin-resistant Escherichia coli within feedlots in the United States. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10174. [PMID: 32576851 PMCID: PMC7311412 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66782-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
This research study was conducted to determine if bird depredation in feedlots is associated with the prevalence of ciprofloxacin-resistant Escherichia coli in cattle and to determine if removal of invasive bird species could be an effective management strategy to help reduce ciprofloxacin-resistant E. coli in cattle within the United States. European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) were collected from feedlots within multiple geographic regions within the United States and European starlings within all regions tested positive for ciprofloxacin-resistant E. coli, but prevalence differed by region. Total number of birds on feedlots were positively associated with increased cattle fecal shedding of ciprofloxacin-resistant E. coli. Targeted control of invasive European starlings reduced bird numbers on feedlots by 70.4%, but decreasing populations of European starlings was not associated with corresponding reductions in bovine fecal prevalence of ciprofloxacin-resistant E. coli. These data provide evidence for the role of wild bird depredation in feedlots contributing to fecal shedding of ciprofloxacin-resistant E. coli, but a single month of European starling control in feedlots was not sufficient to impact the fecal carriage of this organism in cattle.
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Tetracycline Resistant Campylobacter jejuni Subtypes Emanating from Beef Cattle Administered Non-Therapeutic Chlortetracycline are Longitudinally Transmitted within the Production Continuum but are Not Detected in Ground Beef. Microorganisms 2019; 8:microorganisms8010023. [PMID: 31877744 PMCID: PMC7022225 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8010023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The impacts of the antimicrobial growth promoter (AGP), chlortetracycline with sulfamethazine (AS700), on the development of antimicrobial resistance and longitudinal transmission of Campylobacter jejuni within the beef production continuum were empirically determined. Carriage of tetracycline resistance determinants in the enteric bacterial community increased at a greater rate for AS700-treatment cattle. The majority of the bacteria from animals administered AS700 carried tetW. Densities of C. jejuni shed in feces increased over the confined feeding period, and the administration of AS700 did not conspicuously reduce C. jejuni densities in feces or within the intestine. The majority of C. jejuni isolates recovered were resistant to tetracycline, but the resistance rates to other antibiotics was low (≤20.1%). The richness of C. jejuni subtypes recovered from AS700-treated animals that were either resistant or susceptible to tetracycline was reduced, indicating selection pressure due to AGP administration. Moreover, a degree of subtype-specific resistance to tetracycline was observed. tetO was the primary tetracycline resistance determinant conferring resistance in C. jejuni isolates recovered from cattle and people. Clinically-relevant C. jejuni subtypes (subtypes that represent a risk to human health) that were resistant to tetracycline were isolated from cattle feces, digesta, hides, the abattoir environment, and carcasses, but not from ground beef. Thus, study findings indicate that clinically-relevant C. jejuni subtypes associated with beef cattle, including those resistant to antibiotics, do not represent a significant foodborne risk.
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Feng X, Chambers LR, Knowlton KF. Antibiotic resistance genes in the faeces of dairy cows following short-term therapeutic and prophylactic antibiotic administration. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2019.1698428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Feng
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Dairy Science, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Lindsey R. Chambers
- Department of Dairy Science, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Katharine F. Knowlton
- Department of Dairy Science, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
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Ohta N, Norby B, Loneragan GH, Vinasco J, den Bakker HC, Lawhon SD, Norman KN, Scott HM. Quantitative dynamics of Salmonella and E. coli in feces of feedlot cattle treated with ceftiofur and chlortetracycline. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0225697. [PMID: 31791047 PMCID: PMC6887520 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic use in beef cattle is a risk factor for the expansion of antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella populations. However, actual changes in the quantity of Salmonella in cattle feces following antibiotic use have not been investigated. Previously, we observed an overall reduction in Salmonella prevalence in cattle feces associated with both ceftiofur crystalline-free acid (CCFA) and chlortetracycline (CTC) use; however, during the same time frame the prevalence of multidrug-resistant Salmonella increased. The purpose of this analysis was to quantify the dynamics of Salmonella using colony counting (via a spiral-plating method) and hydrolysis probe-based qPCR (TaqMan® qPCR). Additionally, we quantified antibiotic-resistant Salmonella by plating to agar containing antibiotics at Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute breakpoint concentrations. Cattle were randomly assigned to 4 treatment groups across 16 pens in 2 replicates consisting of 88 cattle each. Fecal samples from Days 0, 4, 8, 14, 20, and 26 were subjected to quantification assays. Duplicate qPCR assays targeting the Salmonella invA gene were performed on total community DNA for 1,040 samples. Diluted fecal samples were spiral plated on plain Brilliant Green Agar (BGA) and BGA with ceftriaxone (4 μg/ml) or tetracycline (16 μg/ml). For comparison purposes, indicator non-type-specific (NTS) E. coli were also quantified by direct spiral plating. Quantity of NTS E. coli and Salmonella significantly decreased immediately following CCFA treatment. CTC treatment further decreased the quantity of Salmonella but not NTS E. coli. Effects of antibiotics on the imputed log10 quantity of Salmonella were analyzed via a multi-level mixed linear regression model. The invA gene copies decreased with CCFA treatment by approximately 2 log10 gene copies/g feces and remained low following additional CTC treatment. The quantities of tetracycline or ceftriaxone-resistant Salmonella were approximately 4 log10 CFU/g feces; however, most of the samples were under the quantification limit. The results of this study demonstrate that antibiotic use decreases the overall quantity of Salmonella in cattle feces in the short term; however, the overall quantities of antimicrobial-resistant NTS E. coli and Salmonella tend to remain at a constant level throughout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Ohta
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Bo Norby
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Guy H. Loneragan
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Texas Tech University, Amarillo, Texas, United States of America
| | - Javier Vinasco
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Henk C. den Bakker
- Center for Food Safety, University of Georgia, Griffin, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Sara D. Lawhon
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Keri N. Norman
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Harvey M. Scott
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
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Joshi PR, Thummeepak R, Paudel S, Acharya M, Pradhan S, Banjara MR, Leungtongkam U, Sitthisak S. Molecular Characterization of Colistin-Resistant Escherichia coli Isolated from Chickens: First Report from Nepal. Microb Drug Resist 2019; 25:846-854. [PMID: 30874473 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2018.0326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Dissemination of mcr-1 encoding colistin resistance in Gram-negative bacteria has created critical situation in poultry, livestock farming, and public health. In Nepal, for the first time, we initiated surveillance of colistin-resistant Escherichia coli in broilers from seven different chicken farms. A total of 324 cloacal swabs were collected and 118 E. coli were isolated, of which 27 (22.8%) were colistin resistance all harboring mcr-1 gene, but lacking ISApI1. Colistin-resistant isolates were characterized by antibiotic susceptibility testing, detecting antibiotic resistance genes, phylogenetic analysis, and plasmid replicon typing. These isolates belonged to the phylo-group A (70.37%) and phylo-group D (29.63%). In addition, most isolates (>80%) were resistant to ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim. As much as 3 of the 27 mcr-1 encoding isolates were confirmed as extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producer, all 3 isolates carrying blaCTX-M gene. We performed the conjugation experiment to check transferability of mcr-1, tet, and blaCTX-M genes, and only two donors were found to have transferred resistance to ticarcillin. The transfer of colistin and tetracycline resistance was not detected, which suggests the chromosomal location of mcr-1 and tet genes. The prevalence of Inc K/B and Inc I1 was 96.3% and 81.48%, respectively. This study shows the co-existence of mcr-1 with tet, sul, qnr, dfr, and blaCTX-M genes and dissemination of these resistant isolates in Nepalese chicken farms, which may pose huge threat to the livestock, especially chickens, and public health in Nepal.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rapee Thummeepak
- 2 Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | | | | | - Sriju Pradhan
- 3 Central Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Megha Raj Banjara
- 3 Central Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Udomluk Leungtongkam
- 2 Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Sutthirat Sitthisak
- 2 Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand.,4 Centre of Excellence in Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
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Aasmäe B, Häkkinen L, Kaart T, Kalmus P. Antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli and Enterococcus spp. isolated from Estonian cattle and swine from 2010 to 2015. Acta Vet Scand 2019; 61:5. [PMID: 30665443 PMCID: PMC6341677 DOI: 10.1186/s13028-019-0441-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of resistant Escherichia coli and Enterococcus spp. in food-producing animals has increased worldwide. The objective of the study was to investigate the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis isolated from healthy and diseased swine and cattle in Estonia. Clinical specimen and faecal samples were collected during 2010 to 2015. The in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility was determined using the microdilution method. RESULTS The most prevalent resistance of E. coli isolates from clinically healthy swine was observed against streptomycin (39.2%), tetracycline (32.5%) and sulfamethoxazole (30.0%), whereas in clinically healthy cattle, the resistance was the highest against aminoglycosides (7.0-8.8%) and tetracycline (7.0%). The E. coli isolates from clinically healthy swine showed significantly higher multidrug-resistance compared to isolates originated from clinically healthy cattle. E. coli isolates from diseased swine showed highest resistance to sulfamethoxazole (68.6%), tetracycline (60.2%) and streptomycin (54.6%). The proportion of resistant E. coli isolates from diseased cattle (clinical submissions) was highest to streptomycin (63.5%), sulfamethoxazole (60.3%) and tetracycline (58.8%). The proportion of multidrug-resistant isolates did not differ significantly between animal species. Among E. coli isolates, four strains representing AmpC phenotypes were found. One plasmid-encoded AmpC type β-lactamases producing E. coli from clinically healthy cattle was found to harbour the blaCMY-1 gene, and another from clinically healthy swine carried the blaCMY-2 gene. Among nine E. coli strains exhibiting an ESBL phenotype three strains was found to be the same genotype blaTEM-52C. Enterococci from healthy swine and cattle showed high resistance to tetracycline and erythromycin. Regarding enterococci, the number of multidrug-resistant strains was significantly higher in swine isolates compared to isolates originated from cattle. CONCLUSIONS The antimicrobial resistance of E. coli isolates was high in both Estonian swine and cattle. However, swine isolates, especially E. coli from healthy swine, had developed a higher level of resistance. The amount of multidrug-resistant E. coli isolates was also significantly higher in clinically healthy swine compared to that in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Aasmäe
- Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 62, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Liidia Häkkinen
- Department of Bacteriology-Pathology, Estonian Veterinary and Food Laboratory, Kreutzwaldi 30, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Tanel Kaart
- Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 62, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Piret Kalmus
- Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 62, Tartu, Estonia
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Salaheen S, Kim SW, Cao H, Wolfgang DR, Hovingh E, Karns JS, Haley BJ, Van Kessel JAS. Antimicrobial Resistance Among Escherichia coli Isolated from Veal Calf Operations in Pennsylvania. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2019; 16:74-80. [DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2018.2530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Serajus Salaheen
- Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Maryland
| | - Seon Woo Kim
- Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Maryland
| | - Huilin Cao
- Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Maryland
| | - David R. Wolfgang
- Bureau of Animal Health and Diagnostic Services, Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania
| | - Ernest Hovingh
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Jeffrey S. Karns
- Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Maryland
| | - Bradd J. Haley
- Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Maryland
| | - Jo Ann S. Van Kessel
- Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Maryland
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14
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Obaidat MM, Bani Salman AE, Davis MA, Roess AA. Major diseases, extensive misuse, and high antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli in large- and small-scale dairy cattle farms in Jordan. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:2324-2334. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-13665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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15
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Aperce CC, Amachawadi R, Van Bibber-Krueger CL, Nagaraja TG, Scott HM, Vinasco-Torre J, Drouillard JS. Effects of Menthol Supplementation in Feedlot Cattle Diets on the Fecal Prevalence of Antimicrobial-Resistant Escherichia coli. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0168983. [PMID: 28030622 PMCID: PMC5193447 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The pool of antimicrobial resistance determinants in the environment and in the gut flora of cattle is a serious public health concern. In addition to being a source of human exposure, these bacteria can transfer antibiotic resistance determinants to pathogenic bacteria and endanger the future of antimicrobial therapy. The occurrence of antimicrobial resistance genes on mobile genetic elements, such as plasmids, facilitates spread of resistance. Recent work has shown in vitro anti-plasmid activity of menthol, a plant-based compound with the potential to be used as a feed additive to beneficially alter ruminal fermentation. The present study aimed to determine if menthol supplementation in diets of feedlot cattle decreases the prevalence of multidrug-resistant bacteria in feces. Menthol was included in diets of steers at 0.3% of diet dry matter. Fecal samples were collected weekly for 4 weeks and analyzed for total coliforms counts, antimicrobial susceptibilities, and the prevalence of tet genes in E. coli isolates. Results revealed no effect of menthol supplementation on total coliforms counts or prevalence of E. coli resistant to amoxicillin, ampicillin, azithromycin, cefoxitin, ceftiofur, ceftriaxone, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, kanamycin, nalidixic acid, streptomycin, sulfisoxazole, and sulfamethoxazole; however, 30 days of menthol addition to steer diets increased the prevalence of tetracycline-resistant E. coli (P < 0.02). Although the mechanism by which menthol exerts its effects remains unclear, results of our study suggest that menthol may have an impact on antimicrobial resistance in gut bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. C. Aperce
- Departments of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
| | - R. Amachawadi
- Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
| | - C. L. Van Bibber-Krueger
- Departments of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
| | - T. G. Nagaraja
- Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
| | - H. M. Scott
- Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
| | - J. Vinasco-Torre
- Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
| | - J. S. Drouillard
- Departments of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
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16
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Su Y, Yu CY, Tsai Y, Wang SH, Lee C, Chu C. Fluoroquinolone-resistant and extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli from the milk of cows with clinical mastitis in Southern Taiwan. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2016; 49:892-901. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2014.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2014] [Revised: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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17
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Batard E, Lefebvre M, Aubin GG, Caroff N, Corvec S. High prevalence of cross-resistance to fluoroquinolone and cotrimoxazole in tetracycline-resistant Escherichia coli human clinical isolates. J Chemother 2016; 28:510-512. [DOI: 10.1179/1973947815y.0000000038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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18
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Prevalence of Antimicrobial Resistance and Transfer of Tetracycline Resistance Genes in Escherichia coli Isolates from Beef Cattle. Appl Environ Microbiol 2015; 81:5560-6. [PMID: 26048929 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01511-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and transferability of resistance in tetracycline-resistant Escherichia coli isolates recovered from beef cattle in South Korea. A total of 155 E. coli isolates were collected from feces in South Korea, and 146 were confirmed to be resistant to tetracycline. The tetracycline resistance gene tet(A) (46.5%) was the most prevalent, followed by tet(B) (45.1%) and tet(C) (5.8%). Strains carrying tet(A) plus tet(B) and tet(B) plus tet(C) were detected in two isolates each. In terms of phylogenetic grouping, 101 (65.2%) isolates were classified as phylogenetic group B1, followed in decreasing order by D (17.4%), A (14.2%), and B2 (3.2%). Ninety-one (62.3%) isolates were determined to be multidrug resistant by the disk diffusion method. MIC testing using the principal tetracyclines, namely, tetracycline, chlortetracycline, oxytetracycline, doxycycline, and minocycline, revealed that isolates carrying tet(B) had higher MIC values than isolates carrying tet(A). Conjugation assays showed that 121 (82.9%) isolates could transfer a tetracycline resistance gene to a recipient via the IncFIB replicon (65.1%). This study suggests that the high prevalence of tetracycline-resistant E. coli isolates in beef cattle is due to the transferability of tetracycline resistance genes between E. coli populations which have survived the selective pressure caused by the use of antimicrobial agents.
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19
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Lupindu AM, Dalsgaard A, Msoffe PLM, Ngowi HA, Mtambo MM, Olsen JE. Transmission of antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli between cattle, humans and the environment in peri-urban livestock keeping communities in Morogoro, Tanzania. Prev Vet Med 2014; 118:477-82. [PMID: 25555902 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2014.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Revised: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Urban and peri-urban livestock farming is expanding world-widely because of increased urbanization and demands for food of animal origin. Such farming practices pose a public health risk as livestock are reservoirs of several zoonotic pathogens. In an attempt to determine the fecal transmission between livestock and people, 100 household clusters keeping cattle in close proximity of humans were selected in urban and peri-urban areas of Morogoro in Tanzania. One hundred eighteen ampicillin and tetracycline resistant Escherichia coli (40 from human stool, 50 from cattle feces, 21 from soil and seven from water samples) were isolated from 44 different clusters. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) of XbaI digested chromosomal DNA was used to compare the genetic relatedness of the ampicillin- and tetracycline-resistant E. coli isolates. Indistinguishable PFGE band patterns of the ampicillin- and tetracycline-resistant E. coli isolates were found in samples from 23 (52%) clusters. This suggests that transfer of fecal microorganisms between cattle, humans, water and soils within the farms and from livestock farms to the neighborhood occurred commonly. Logistic regression showed that animal housing infrastructures (Odd Ratio=11.2, 95% CI=1.1-119.3) were associated with E. coli showing identical PFGE types within and between clusters. There is a need to improve animal husbandry and manure management practices to reduce risks of transmission of enteropathogens between livestock and humans in urban and peri-urban farming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athumani M Lupindu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Public Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3021, Morogoro, Tanzania.
| | - Anders Dalsgaard
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Stigbøjlen 4, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Peter L M Msoffe
- Directorate of Undergraduate Studies, University of Dodoma, P.O. Box 259, Dodoma, Tanzania
| | - Helena A Ngowi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Public Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3021, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Madundo M Mtambo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Public Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3021, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - John E Olsen
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Stigbøjlen 4, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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20
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Roy Chowdhury P, McKinnon J, Wyrsch E, Hammond JM, Charles IG, Djordjevic SP. Genomic interplay in bacterial communities: implications for growth promoting practices in animal husbandry. Front Microbiol 2014; 5:394. [PMID: 25161648 PMCID: PMC4129626 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of antibiotics heralded the start of a “Golden Age” in the history of medicine. Over the years, the use of antibiotics extended beyond medical practice into animal husbandry, aquaculture and agriculture. Now, however, we face the worldwide threat of diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria that are resistant to all existing major classes of antibiotic, reflecting the possibility of an end to the antibiotic era. The seriousness of the threat is underscored by the severely limited production of new classes of antibiotics. Evolution of bacteria resistant to multiple antibiotics results from the inherent genetic capability that bacteria have to adapt rapidly to changing environmental conditions. Consequently, under antibiotic selection pressures, bacteria have acquired resistance to all classes of antibiotics, sometimes very shortly after their introduction. Arguably, the evolution and rapid dissemination of multiple drug resistant genes en-masse across microbial pathogens is one of the most serious threats to human health. In this context, effective surveillance strategies to track the development of resistance to multiple antibiotics are vital to managing global infection control. These surveillance strategies are necessary for not only human health but also for animal health, aquaculture and plant production. Shortfalls in the present surveillance strategies need to be identified. Raising awareness of the genetic events that promote co-selection of resistance to multiple antimicrobials is an important prerequisite to the design and implementation of molecular surveillance strategies. In this review we will discuss how lateral gene transfer (LGT), driven by the use of low-dose antibiotics in animal husbandry, has likely played a significant role in the evolution of multiple drug resistance (MDR) in Gram-negative bacteria and has complicated molecular surveillance strategies adopted for predicting imminent resistance threats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piklu Roy Chowdhury
- The ithree institute, University of Technology Sydney Sydney, NSW, Australia ; NSW Department of Primary Industries, Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute Camden, NSW, Australia
| | - Jessica McKinnon
- The ithree institute, University of Technology Sydney Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ethan Wyrsch
- The ithree institute, University of Technology Sydney Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jeffrey M Hammond
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute Camden, NSW, Australia
| | - Ian G Charles
- The ithree institute, University of Technology Sydney Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Steven P Djordjevic
- The ithree institute, University of Technology Sydney Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Stanford K, Bach S, Baah J, McAllister T. A mixture of Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus lactis, and Paenibacillus polymyxa reduces Escherichia coli O157:H7 in finishing feedlot cattle. J Food Prot 2014; 77:738-44. [PMID: 24780327 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-13-433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A direct-fed microbial (DFM) containing Paenibacillus polymyxa, Lactobacillus casei, and Lactobacillus lactis was fed to cattle (n = 120) to determine impacts on shedding and survival of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in feces. Cattle were individually penned and fed diets containing 0 (control), 4 × 10(7) CFU (DFM-4), 8 × 10(7) CFU (DFM-8), or 1.2 × 10(8) CFU (DFM-12) lactobacilli per kg of dietary dry matter over 84-day fall-winter growing and 140-day spring-summer finishing periods. Fecal grab samples were collected from cattle at 28-day intervals, E. coli O157:H7 was detected by immunomagnetic separation, and isolates were compared by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. During the growing period, feces negative for E. coli O157 from each dietary treatment were inoculated with 10(5) CFU/g nalidixic acid-resistant E. coli O157:H7 and were incubated at 4 and 22(u) C for 11 weeks. Fecal pH and fecal dry matter were measured on days 0, 1, 3, and 7 and weekly thereafter, with E. coli O157:H7 enumerated through dilution plating. Treatment with DFMs did not affect survival of E. coli O157:H7 in feces or fecal pH (P > 0.05). Only one steer was positive for E. coli O157:H7 during the growing period, but during the finishing period, DFM-8 and DFM-12 reduced the prevalence of E. coli O157:H7 in feces (P < 0.05). Feeding DFMs also reduced the frequency of individual steers shedding E. coli O157:H7 during finishing (P < 0.05), with control steers shedding E. coli O157:H7 up to four times, whereas DFM-12 steers shed E. coli O157:H7 a maximum of twice. Treatment with DFMs influenced pulsed-field gel electrophoresis profiles; steers that were fed DFM-8 and DFM-12 shed more diverse subtypes of E. coli O157:H7 than did control or DFM-4 steers. Because a companion study found linear improvement in performance with increasing dosage of DFMs in the first 28 days of the growing period, targeted use of DFM-12 during this time and for the final 1 or 2 weeks prior to slaughter may optimize performance and reduce E. coli O157:H7 while minimizing feed costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Stanford
- Alberta Agriculture and Rural Development, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada T1J 4V6
| | - Susan Bach
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Summerland, British Columbia, Canada VOH 1ZO
| | - John Baah
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada T1J 4V6
| | - Tim McAllister
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada T1J 4V6.
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Yang H, Hewes D, Salaheen S, Federman C, Biswas D. Effects of blackberry juice on growth inhibition of foodborne pathogens and growth promotion of Lactobacillus. Food Control 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2013.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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23
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Extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Gram-negative organisms in livestock: an emerging problem for human health? Drug Resist Updat 2013; 16:22-45. [PMID: 23395305 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2012.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2012] [Accepted: 12/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp. and Acinetobacter spp. are important human pathogens. Serious infections due to these organisms are usually treated with extended-spectrum cephalosporins (ESCs). However, in the past two decades we have faced a rapid increasing of infections and colonization caused by ESC-resistant (ESC-R) isolates due to production of extended-spectrum-β-lactamases (ESBLs), plasmid-mediated AmpCs (pAmpCs) and/or carbapenemase enzymes. This situation limits drastically our therapeutic armamentarium and puts under peril the human health. Animals are considered as potential reservoirs of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative organisms. The massive and indiscriminate use of antibiotics in veterinary medicine has contributed to the selection of ESC-R E. coli, ESC-R Salmonella spp. and, to less extent, MDR Acinetobacter spp. among animals, food, and environment. This complex scenario is responsible for the expansion of these MDR organisms which may have life-threatening clinical significance. Nowadays, the prevalence of food-producing animals carrying ESC-R E. coli and ESC-R Salmonella (especially those producing CTX-M-type ESBLs and the CMY-2 pAmpC) has reached worryingly high values. More recently, the appearance of carbapenem-resistant isolates (i.e., VIM-1-producing Enterobacteriaceae and NDM-1 or OXA-23-producing Acinetobacter spp.) in livestock has even drawn greater concerns. In this review, we describe the aspects related to the spread of the above MDR organisms among pigs, cattle, and poultry, focusing on epidemiology, molecular mechanisms of resistance, impact of antibiotic use, and strategies to contain the overall problem. The link and the impact of ESC-R organisms of livestock origin for the human scenario are also discussed.
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Lacombe A, Wu VC, White J, Tadepalli S, Andre EE. The antimicrobial properties of the lowbush blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium) fractional components against foodborne pathogens and the conservation of probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus. Food Microbiol 2012; 30:124-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2011.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2011] [Revised: 09/25/2011] [Accepted: 10/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Schmieder R, Edwards R. Insights into antibiotic resistance through metagenomic approaches. Future Microbiol 2012; 7:73-89. [PMID: 22191448 DOI: 10.2217/fmb.11.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The consequences of bacterial infections have been curtailed by the introduction of a wide range of antibiotics. However, infections continue to be a leading cause of mortality, in part due to the evolution and acquisition of antibiotic-resistance genes. Antibiotic misuse and overprescription have created a driving force influencing the selection of resistance. Despite the problem of antibiotic resistance in infectious bacteria, little is known about the diversity, distribution and origins of resistance genes, especially for the unculturable majority of environmental bacteria. Functional and sequence-based metagenomics have been used for the discovery of novel resistance determinants and the improved understanding of antibiotic-resistance mechanisms in clinical and natural environments. This review discusses recent findings and future challenges in the study of antibiotic resistance through metagenomic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Schmieder
- Computational Science Research Center & Department of Computer Science, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
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Our microbial selves: what ecology can teach us. EMBO Rep 2011; 12:775-84. [PMID: 21720391 DOI: 10.1038/embor.2011.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2011] [Accepted: 06/21/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Advances in DNA sequencing have allowed us to characterize microbial communities--including those associated with the human body--at a broader range of spatial and temporal scales than ever before. We can now answer fundamental questions that were previously inaccessible and use well-tested ecological theories to gain insight into changes in the microbiome that are associated with normal development and human disease. Perhaps unsurprisingly, the ecosystems associated with our body follow trends identified in communities at other sites and scales, and thus studies of the microbiome benefit from ecological insight. Here, we assess human microbiome research in the context of ecological principles and models, focusing on diversity, biological drivers of community structure, spatial patterning and temporal dynamics, and suggest key directions for future research that will bring us closer to the goal of building predictive models for personalized medicine.
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