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Zahir SO, El Khadir M, Boukhris SA, Benajah DA, Ibrahimi SA, Chbani L, El Abkari M, Bennani B. Helicobacter pylori vacA allelic combination, dupA, cagE and cagA genotypes and their associations with gastric diseases among Moroccan population. Jpn J Infect Dis 2024:JJID.2024.061. [PMID: 38945860 DOI: 10.7883/yoken.jjid.2024.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
The combination of the four regions of vacA with cagA, cagE, dupA genes and cagA-EPIYA motifs, was studied to find the most likely combination that can be used as a disease determinant marker in Moroccan population. A total of 838 H. pylori positive obtained from consenting patients, that were previously analyzed by PCR to characterize vacA-s -m, -i regions, cagE status and cagA 3' region polymorphism, were used to characterize vacA-d region and to determine dupA gene status. The analysis shows the predominance of the less virulent combination (vacA(s2m2i2d2)dupA(-)cagE(-)cagA(-)), and shows that the risk of gastric cancer is 13.33 fold higher (1.06-166.37)) in patients infected by strains harboring vacA(s1m1i1d1)dupA(-)cagE(+)cagA(2EPIYA-C) compared to patients with gastritis without lesions and infected by H.pylori strains harboring vacA(s2m2i2d2)dupA(-)cagE(-)cagA(-). The infection with strains harboring vacA(s1m1i1d1)dupA(+)cagE(+)cagA(1EPIYAC) genotype combination represents a risk factor for gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer (the Odds Ratio (95% CI) were 16 (1.09-234.24) and 6.54 (1.60-26.69) respectively) compared to patients with gastritis without lesions. These results suggest that the combination of the active form of vacA genotypes, dupA gene status and the number of EPIYA-C motif may be considered helpful markers to discriminate between several gastric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souad Oirdi Zahir
- URL-CNRST No. 15, Laboratory of Human Pathology Biomedicine and Environment, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Dentistry of Fez (FMPDF), Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah University (USMBA), Morocco
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, FMPDF, USMBA, Morocco
| | - Mounia El Khadir
- URL-CNRST No. 15, Laboratory of Human Pathology Biomedicine and Environment, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Dentistry of Fez (FMPDF), Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah University (USMBA), Morocco
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, FMPDF, USMBA, Morocco
- The Higher Institute of Nursing Professions and Health Techniques (ISPITS), Morocco
| | - Samia Alaoui Boukhris
- URL-CNRST No. 15, Laboratory of Human Pathology Biomedicine and Environment, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Dentistry of Fez (FMPDF), Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah University (USMBA), Morocco
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, FMPDF, USMBA, Morocco
| | - Dafr-Allah Benajah
- URL-CNRST No. 15, Laboratory of Human Pathology Biomedicine and Environment, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Dentistry of Fez (FMPDF), Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah University (USMBA), Morocco
- Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Hassan II University Hospital Center, Morocco
| | - Sidi Adil Ibrahimi
- URL-CNRST No. 15, Laboratory of Human Pathology Biomedicine and Environment, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Dentistry of Fez (FMPDF), Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah University (USMBA), Morocco
- Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Hassan II University Hospital Center, Morocco
| | - Laila Chbani
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Hassan II University Hospital Center, Morocco
| | - Mohamed El Abkari
- URL-CNRST No. 15, Laboratory of Human Pathology Biomedicine and Environment, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Dentistry of Fez (FMPDF), Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah University (USMBA), Morocco
- Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Hassan II University Hospital Center, Morocco
| | - Bahia Bennani
- URL-CNRST No. 15, Laboratory of Human Pathology Biomedicine and Environment, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Dentistry of Fez (FMPDF), Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah University (USMBA), Morocco
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, FMPDF, USMBA, Morocco
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Altanbayar O, Amgalanbaatar A, Battogtokh C, Bayarjargal N, Belick D, Kohns Vasconcelos M, Mackenzie CR, Pfeffer K, Henrich B. Characterization of the cagA-gene in Helicobacter pylori in Mongolia and detection of two EPIYA-A enriched CagA types. Int J Med Microbiol 2022; 312:151552. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2022.151552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Linn AK, Samainukul N, Sakdee S, Butnampetch C, Li HC, Angsuthanasombat C, Katzenmeier G. N-Terminally Added Tag Selectively Enhances Heterologous Expression of VacA Cytotoxin Variants from Helicobacter pylori. Protein Pept Lett 2021; 28:643-650. [PMID: 33183185 DOI: 10.2174/0929866527666201112122831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori secretes VacA cytotoxin displaying a high degree of polymorphic variations of which the highest VacA pathogenicity correlates with m1-type variant followed by VacA-m2. OBJECTIVE To comparatively evaluate expression in Escherichia coli of the mature VacA variants (m1- and m2-types) and their 33- and 55/59-kDa domains fused with His(6) tag at N- or C-terminus. METHODS All VacA clones expressed in E. coli TOP10™ were analyzed by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting. VacA inclusions were solubilized under native conditions (~150-rpm shaking at 37°C for 2 h in 20 mM HEPES (pH7.4) and 150 mM NaCl). Membrane-perturbing and cytotoxic activities of solubilized VacA proteins were assessed via liposome-entrapped dye leakage and resazurin- based cell viability assays, respectively. VacA binding to human gastric adenocarcinoma cells was assessed by immunofluorescence microscopy. Side-chain hydrophobicity of VacA was analyzed through modeled structures constructed by homology- and ab initio-based modeling. RESULTS Both full-length VacA-m1 and 33-kDa domain were efficiently expressed only in the presence of N-terminal extension while its 55-kDa domain was capably expressed with either N- or Cterminal extension. Selectively enhanced expression was also observed for VacA-m2. Protein expression profiles revealed a critical period in IPTG-induced production of the 55-kDa domain with N-terminal extension unlike its C-terminal extension showing relatively stable expression. Both VacA- m1 isolated domains were able to independently bind to cultured gastric cells similar to the full- length toxin, albeit the 33-kDa domain exhibited significantly higher activity of membrane perturbation than others. Membrane-perturbing and cytotoxic activities observed for VacA-m1 appeared to be higher than those of VacA-m2. Homology-based modeling and sequence analysis suggested a potential structural impact of non-polar residues located at the N-terminus of the mature VacA toxin and its 33-kDa domain. CONCLUSION Our data provide molecular insights into selective influence of the N-terminally added tag on efficient expression of recombinant VacA variants, signifying biochemical and biological implications of the hydrophobic stretch within the N-terminal domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aung Khine Linn
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Nitchakan Samainukul
- Bacterial Toxin Research Innovation Cluster (BRIC), Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya Campus, Nakornpathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Somsri Sakdee
- Bacterial Toxin Research Innovation Cluster (BRIC), Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya Campus, Nakornpathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Chonthicha Butnampetch
- Bacterial Toxin Research Innovation Cluster (BRIC), Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya Campus, Nakornpathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Hui-Chun Li
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualian 97004, Taiwan
| | - Chanan Angsuthanasombat
- Bacterial Toxin Research Innovation Cluster (BRIC), Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya Campus, Nakornpathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Gerd Katzenmeier
- Bacterial Toxin Research Innovation Cluster (BRIC), Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya Campus, Nakornpathom 73170, Thailand
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Baj J, Forma A, Sitarz M, Portincasa P, Garruti G, Krasowska D, Maciejewski R. Helicobacter pylori Virulence Factors-Mechanisms of Bacterial Pathogenicity in the Gastric Microenvironment. Cells 2020; 10:E27. [PMID: 33375694 PMCID: PMC7824444 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer constitutes one of the most prevalent malignancies in both sexes; it is currently the fourth major cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. The pathogenesis of gastric cancer is associated with the interaction between genetic and environmental factors, among which infection by Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is of major importance. The invasion, survival, colonization, and stimulation of further inflammation within the gastric mucosa are possible due to several evasive mechanisms induced by the virulence factors that are expressed by the bacterium. The knowledge concerning the mechanisms of H. pylori pathogenicity is crucial to ameliorate eradication strategies preventing the possible induction of carcinogenesis. This review highlights the current state of knowledge and the most recent findings regarding H. pylori virulence factors and their relationship with gastric premalignant lesions and further carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Baj
- Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-400 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Alicja Forma
- Chair and Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Monika Sitarz
- Department of Conservative Dentistry with Endodontics, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Piero Portincasa
- Clinica Medica “Augusto Murri”, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Gabriella Garruti
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantations, University of Bari “Aldo Moro” Medical School, Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Danuta Krasowska
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Paediatric Dermatology of Medical University of Lublin, 20-081 Lublin, Poland;
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Keikha M, Ali-Hassanzadeh M, Karbalaei M. Association of Helicobacter pylori vacA genotypes and peptic ulcer in Iranian population: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Gastroenterol 2020; 20:266. [PMID: 32795257 PMCID: PMC7427722 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-020-01406-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori is accounted as the most etiologic agent for digestive disorders, in particular, the most important of them i.e. peptic ulcer and gastric cancer. In the recent years, association of vacA genotypes and gastrointestinal disorders has attracted a lot of attention. In present study, we assessed the correlation between vacA genotypes (s1, s2, m1, m2, s1m1, s1m2, s2m1 and s2m2) and development to peptic ulcer in Iranian population. METHODS In our study, first, 24 original articles containing of information of 3328 patients were evaluated. Statistical analysis was done by Comprehensive Meta-Analysis version 2.0 software (Biostat, Englewood, NJ, USA). In this regards, we used from fixed-effects model for analysis of data with low heterogeneity, while for analysis of data with high heterogeneity (I2 statistic index > 25%, Cochrane Q statistic p value < 0.05), random-effects model was used. RESULTS Abundance of each of s1, s2, m1, m2, s1m1, s1m2, s2m1, and s2m2 was estimated 36.24, 28.32, 42.90 29.86, 27.88, 32.34, 15.70, and 25.94%, respectively. According to the results, the m1, s1, and s1m2 genotypes were among the most prevalent genotypes among the Iranian patients, whereas, s2m1 genotype had the lowest frequency. CONCLUSIONS Overall, 24 articles (total participants = 3328) were included in this comprehensive analysis. H. pylori infection rate were 90.26% in these cases, so that 33.65% of whom had peptic ulcer. Moreover, the abundance of each vacA genotypes including s1, s2, m1, m2, s1m1, s1m2, s2m1, and s2m2 was estimated as 36.24, 28.32, 42.90 29.86, 27.88, 32.34, 15.70, and 25.94% respectively. We demonstrated that there is a significant relationship between infection of stomach with m1, s1m1, and s2m1 genotypes and development to peptic ulcer disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Keikha
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali-Hassanzadeh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran
| | - Mohsen Karbalaei
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran.
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Optimized high-purity protein preparation of biologically active recombinant VacA cytotoxin variants from Helicobacter pylori. Protein Expr Purif 2020; 175:105696. [PMID: 32681955 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2020.105696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Vacuolating cytotoxin A (VacA) is a highly polymorphic virulence protein produced by the human gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori which can cause gastritis, peptic ulcer and gastric cancer. Here, we present an optimized protein preparation of the mature full-length VacA variants (m1-and m2-types) and their 33-kDa N-terminal and 55/59-kDa C-terminal domains as biologically active recombinant proteins fused with an N-terminal His(6) tag. All recombinant VacA constructs were over-expressed in Escherichia coli as insoluble inclusions which were soluble when phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) was supplemented with 5-6 M urea. Upon immobilized-Ni2+ affinity purification under 5-M urea denaturing conditions, homogenous products (>95% purity) of 55/59-kDa domains were consistently obtained while only ~80% purity of both mature VacA variants and the 33-kDa truncate was achieved, thus requiring additional purification by size-exclusion chromatography. After successive refolding via optimized stepwise dialysis, all refolded VacA proteins were proven to possess both cytotoxic and vacuolating activity against cultured human gastric epithelial cells albeit the activity observed for VacA-m2 was lower than the m1-type variant. Such an optimized protocol described herein was effective for production of high-purity recombinant VacA proteins in large amounts (~30-40 mg per liter culture) that would pave the way for further studies on sequence-structure and function relationships of different VacA variants.
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Keikha M. Is there a relationship between Helicobacter pylori vacA i1 or i2 alleles and development into peptic ulcer and gastric cancer? A meta-analysis study on an Iranian population. New Microbes New Infect 2020; 36:100726. [PMID: 32714559 PMCID: PMC7378689 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2020.100726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori has several virulance factor i.e. VacA, CagA, BabA, SabA, AlpA, AlpB and etc. VacA has several polymorphic region in the nucleotide sequence such as s,m,i,d and, c. It has been suggested that each variation in these polymorphic region has been influenced the toxicity of VacA toxin. We performed a comprehensive meta-analysis to determine the main role of VacAi1/i2 in development into peptic ulcer and gastric cancer in an Iranian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Keikha
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Centre, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Bakhti SZ, Latifi-Navid S, Safaralizadeh R. Helicobacter pylori-related risk predictors of gastric cancer: The latest models, challenges, and future prospects. Cancer Med 2020; 9:4808-4822. [PMID: 32363738 PMCID: PMC7333836 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is known as an important determinant of preneoplastic lesions or gastric cancer (GC) risk. The bacterial genotypes may determine the clinical outcomes. However, the evidence for these associations has varied between and within continents, and the actual effect of each gene and corresponding allelic variants are still debatable. In recent years, two new models have been proposed to predict the risk of GC; the phylogeographic origin of H. pylori strains and a disrupted co-evolution between H. pylori and its human host, which potentially explain the geographic differences in the risk of H. pylori-related cancer. However, these models and earlier ones based on putative virulence factors of the bacterium may not fully justify differences in the incidence of GC, reflecting that new theories should be developed and examined. Notably, the new findings also support the role of ancestry-specific germline alteration in contributing to the ethnic/population differences in cancer risk. Moreover the high and low incidence areas of GC have shown differences in transmission ecology, largely affecting the composition of H. pylori populations. As a new hypothesis, it is proposed that any high-risk population may have its own specific risk loci (or variants) as well as new H. pylori strains with national/maybe regional gene pools that should be considered. The latter is seen in the Americas where the rapid evolution of distinct H. pylori subpopulations has been occurred. It is therefore proposed that the deep sequencing of both H. pylori and its human host is simultaneously performed in GC patients and age-sex-matched controls from high-risk areas. The expression and functional activities of the identified new determinants of GC must then be assessed and matched with human and pathogen ancestry, because some of risk loci are ancestry-specific. In addition, potential study-level covariates and moderator variables (eg physical conditions, life styles, gastric microbiome, etc) linked to causal relationships, and their impact, should be recognized and controlled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh Zahra Bakhti
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Saeid Latifi-Navid
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Reza Safaralizadeh
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
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Molecular anatomy and pathogenic actions of Helicobacter pylori CagA that underpin gastric carcinogenesis. Cell Mol Immunol 2019; 17:50-63. [PMID: 31804619 PMCID: PMC6952403 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-019-0339-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic infection with Helicobacter pylori cagA-positive strains is the strongest risk factor for gastric cancer. The cagA gene product, CagA, is delivered into gastric epithelial cells via the bacterial type IV secretion system. Delivered CagA then undergoes tyrosine phosphorylation at the Glu-Pro-Ile-Tyr-Ala (EPIYA) motifs in its C-terminal region and acts as an oncogenic scaffold protein that physically interacts with multiple host signaling proteins in both tyrosine phosphorylation-dependent and -independent manners. Analysis of CagA using in vitro cultured gastric epithelial cells has indicated that the nonphysiological scaffolding actions of CagA cell-autonomously promote the malignant transformation of the cells by endowing the cells with multiple phenotypic cancer hallmarks: sustained proliferation, evasion of growth suppressors, invasiveness, resistance to cell death, and genomic instability. Transgenic expression of CagA in mice leads to in vivo oncogenic action of CagA without any overt inflammation. The in vivo oncogenic activity of CagA is further potentiated in the presence of chronic inflammation. Since Helicobacter pylori infection triggers a proinflammatory response in host cells, a feedforward stimulation loop that augments the oncogenic actions of CagA and inflammation is created in CagA-injected gastric mucosa. Given that Helicobacter pylori is no longer colonized in established gastric cancer lesions, the multistep nature of gastric cancer development should include a “hit-and-run” process of CagA action. Thus, acquisition of genetic and epigenetic alterations that compensate for CagA-directed cancer hallmarks may be required for completion of the “hit-and-run” process of gastric carcinogenesis.
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Characterization of Helicobacter pylori genotypes from Iranian patients with gastric clinical diseases: Predominance of vacA s1a and cagA EPIYA-ABC genotypes. GENE REPORTS 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2019.100458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Baradari H, Mashak Z, Tavakoli‐Far B. Retracted:Vacuolating cytotoxin A (vacA) and cytotoxin‐associated gene A (cagA) genotypes of resistantHelicobacter pyloristrains isolated from raw and pasteurized milk. J Food Saf 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Baradari
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Karaj BranchIslamic Azad University Karaj Iran
| | - Zohreh Mashak
- Department of Food Hygiene, Karaj BranchIslamic Azad University Karaj Iran
| | - Bahareh Tavakoli‐Far
- Dietary Supplements and Probiotic Research CenterAlborz University of Medical Sciences Karaj Iran
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologyAlborz University of Medical Sciences Karaj Iran
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Yin L, Liu F, Guo C, Wang Q, Pan K, Xu L, Xiong Y, Chen Y, Chen Z. Analysis of virulence diversity of 73 Helicobacter pylori strains isolated in Guizhou province, China. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:4611-4620. [PMID: 30221659 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the virulence diversity of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) in major ethnic groups residing in Guizhou province, China, and its association with clinical outcomes. Gastric mucosal biopsies were collected from the pylorus of patients with gastrointestinal disorders. H. pylori was identified by colonial morphology, Gram staining, a urease test and H. pylori‑specific 16S rRNA gene fragment PCR amplification. DNA was extracted from pure culture and used for virulence gene analysis. The cytotoxin associated gene A (cagA), vacuolating cytotoxin A (vacA) and induced by contact with epithelium gene A (iceA) genes were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction analysis. The cagA gene was further analyzed through sequencing of the C‑terminal region containing EPIYA motifs, and phylogenetic analysis of the cagA C‑terminal variable region was performed using MEGA 6.0 software. In the present study, 73 H. pylori strains were isolated from clinical samples. cagA genotypes were detected in all strains, namely cagA‑AB, ‑ABC, ‑ABD and ‑BD genotypes were found in five (6.85%), three (4.11%), 63 (86.30%) and two (2.74%) isolates, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis showed that there was a clustering association between the cagA‑AB and cagA‑ABC genotypes, and between the cagA‑ABD and cagA‑BD genotypes. In terms of the frequency of the four EPIYA or EPIYA‑like motifs, the most predominant was EPIYA (92.92%), followed by EPIYT (3.77%), ESIYA (2.83%) and ESIYT (0.47%). The predominant vacA genotype was s1c/m2 (65.75%), and the predominant iceA genotype was iceA1 (79.45%). There were no associations between the H. pylori cagA, vacA or iceA genotypes and clinical outcomes. No significant difference was found in the distribution of these genotypes according to the age, ethnicity or location of residence of patients. In conclusion, H. pylori isolated from patients in Guizhou region, China, showed a unique genotype, which was mainly East Asia‑type cagA (ABD), vacA s1c/m2 genotype or iceA1‑postiive. These results provide important information on the distribution of H. pylori virulence genotypes in Guizhou province, China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yin
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, P.R. China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, P.R. China
| | - Changcheng Guo
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, P.R. China
| | - Qiong Wang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, P.R. China
| | - Ke Pan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medicine, The People's Hospital of Qiannan Autonomous Prefecture, Duyun, Guizhou 558000, P.R. China
| | - Liangbi Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, P.R. China
| | - Yan Xiong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medicine, Guiyang Children's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou 550000, P.R. China
| | - Yingting Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, P.R. China
| | - Zhenghong Chen
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, P.R. China
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Nishikawa H, Hatakeyama M. Sequence Polymorphism and Intrinsic Structural Disorder as Related to Pathobiological Performance of the Helicobacter pylori CagA Oncoprotein. Toxins (Basel) 2017; 9:toxins9040136. [PMID: 28406453 PMCID: PMC5408210 DOI: 10.3390/toxins9040136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 04/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
CagA, an oncogenic virulence factor produced by Helicobacter pylori, is causally associated with the development of gastrointestinal diseases such as chronic gastritis, peptic ulcers, and gastric cancer. Upon delivery into gastric epithelial cells via bacterial type IV secretion, CagA interacts with a number of host proteins through the intrinsically disordered C-terminal tail, which contains two repeatable protein-binding motifs, the Glu-Pro-Ile-Tyr-Ala (EPIYA) motif and the CagA multimerization (CM) motif. The EPIYA motif, upon phosphorylation by host kinases, binds and deregulates Src homology 2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 2 (SHP2), a bona fide oncoprotein, inducing pro-oncogenic mitogenic signaling and abnormal cell morphology. Through the CM motif, CagA inhibits the kinase activity of polarity regulator partitioning-defective 1b (PAR1b), causing junctional and polarity defects while inducing actin cytoskeletal rearrangements. The magnitude of the pathobiological action of individual CagA has been linked to the tandem repeat polymorphisms of these two binding motifs, yet the molecular mechanisms by which they affect disease outcome remain unclear. Recent studies using quantitative techniques have provided new insights into how the sequence polymorphisms in the structurally disordered C-terminal region determine the degree of pro-oncogenic action of CagA in the gastric epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Nishikawa
- Division of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 332-0012, Japan.
- Max Planck-The University of Tokyo Center for Integrative Inflammology, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Masanori Hatakeyama
- Division of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 332-0012, Japan.
- Max Planck-The University of Tokyo Center for Integrative Inflammology, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
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El Khadir M, Alaoui Boukhris S, Benajah DA, El Rhazi K, Ibrahimi SA, El Abkari M, Harmouch T, Nejjari C, Mahmoud M, Benlemlih M, Bennani B. VacA and CagA Status as Biomarker of Two Opposite End Outcomes of Helicobacter pylori Infection (Gastric Cancer and Duodenal Ulcer) in a Moroccan Population. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170616. [PMID: 28125638 PMCID: PMC5268467 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection induces inflammation of the gastric mucosa, which may progress to precancerous lesions leading to gastric cancer. Pathological determinism is associated to some virulence genes of the bacterium, notably the vacA and cagA genes. The present study aimed to determine the H. pylori genotypes distribution and their association with sex, age and gastric diseases in a Moroccan population. Gastric biopsy was taken from 1079 consenting patients. The specimens were processed by PCR to identify H. pylori and to determine the genotypic profile by PCR characterizing vacA s, vacA m and vacA i regions directly from biopsies H. pylori positives. VacA genotyping revealed the predominance of vacA m2 (53.2%), vacA s2 (52.9%) and vacA i2 (52%). The most virulent vacA alleles (s1, i1 and m1) are more predominant in men (47.3%, 41.9% and 46.1% respectively) than in women (38.3%, 33.3% and 37% respectively). However, the association between vacA genotypes and age did not reach a statistical significant value. Logistic regression analysis results show that vacA i1m1 and vacA i1m2 genotypes were strongly associated with the risk of GC, the Odds Ratio (95% confidence interval) was 29.73 [5.08-173.73] and 9.17 [2.06-40.82] respectively, while vacAs1/cagA+ seems to be a risk factor for DU since it is inversely associated with GC (OR was 0.13 [0.02-0.75]. The results of this study suggest that vacA i1 genotype independently to vacAm status may be of a clinical usefulness and will help to identify patients at a high risk of GC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mounia El Khadir
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie et de Biologie Moléculaire, Equipe Micro-organismes, Génomique et Facteurs Oncogènes, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie de Fès (FMPF), Université Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah (USMBA), Fez, Morocco
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie, Faculté des Sciences Dhar El Mehraz, USMBA, Fez, Morocco
| | - Samia Alaoui Boukhris
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie et de Biologie Moléculaire, Equipe Micro-organismes, Génomique et Facteurs Oncogènes, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie de Fès (FMPF), Université Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah (USMBA), Fez, Morocco
| | - Dafr-Allah Benajah
- Service d’Hépato Gastro-entérologie, CHU Hassan II de Fès, Equipe Maladies de l’Appareil Digestif, FMPF, Fez, Morocco
- Laboratoire de Pathologie Humaine, Biomédecine et Environnement, FMPF, USMBA, Fez, Morocco
| | - Karima El Rhazi
- Laboratoire d’Epidémiologie et de Recherche Clinique, FMPF, USMBA, Fez, Morocco
| | - Sidi Adil Ibrahimi
- Service d’Hépato Gastro-entérologie, CHU Hassan II de Fès, Equipe Maladies de l’Appareil Digestif, FMPF, Fez, Morocco
- Laboratoire de Pathologie Humaine, Biomédecine et Environnement, FMPF, USMBA, Fez, Morocco
| | - Mohamed El Abkari
- Service d’Hépato Gastro-entérologie, CHU Hassan II de Fès, Equipe Maladies de l’Appareil Digestif, FMPF, Fez, Morocco
- Laboratoire de Pathologie Humaine, Biomédecine et Environnement, FMPF, USMBA, Fez, Morocco
| | | | - Chakib Nejjari
- Laboratoire d’Epidémiologie et de Recherche Clinique, FMPF, USMBA, Fez, Morocco
| | | | - Mohamed Benlemlih
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie, Faculté des Sciences Dhar El Mehraz, USMBA, Fez, Morocco
| | - Bahia Bennani
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie et de Biologie Moléculaire, Equipe Micro-organismes, Génomique et Facteurs Oncogènes, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie de Fès (FMPF), Université Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah (USMBA), Fez, Morocco
- Laboratoire de Pathologie Humaine, Biomédecine et Environnement, FMPF, USMBA, Fez, Morocco
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Gilani A, Razavilar V, Rokni N, Rahimi E. VacA and cagA genotypes of Helicobacter pylori isolated from raw meat in Isfahan province, Iran. VETERINARY RESEARCH FORUM : AN INTERNATIONAL QUARTERLY JOURNAL 2017; 8:75-80. [PMID: 28473901 PMCID: PMC5413315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Foods with animal origins play a substantial role in the transmission of Helicobacter pylori. The present investigation was carried out to study the vacA and cagA genotypes status of H. pylori isolated from various types of meat samples. Two hundred and twenty meat samples were collected and cultured. H. pylori-positive strains were analyzed for the presence of vacA and cagA genotypes. Eleven out of 220 (5.00%) samples were positive for H. pylori. Findings were confirmed by nested PCR. Prevalence of H. pylori in the meat samples of slaughterhouses and butcheries were 72.20% and 27.70%, respectively. The most commonly detected genotypes in the meat samples of slaughterhouses and butcheries were vacAm1a (66.66%) and vacA s1a (37.50%), respectively. The S1am1a was the most commonly detected genotype. Meat sampled from butcheries had the higher prevalence of H. pylori and its genotypes than those of slaughterhouses (p < 0.05). Results showed that meat samples could be the potential sources of virulent strains of H. pylori. Application of sanitary measures in the storage, transportation and sale of meat is essential for reducing the levels of H. pylori cross contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Gilani
- PhD Candidate, Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran;
| | - Vadood Razavilar
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran;,Correspondence: Vadood Razavilar. DVM, MPM, Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. E-mail:
| | - Nordahr Rokni
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran;
| | - Ebrahim Rahimi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran.
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HATAKEYAMA M. Structure and function of Helicobacter pylori CagA, the first-identified bacterial protein involved in human cancer. PROCEEDINGS OF THE JAPAN ACADEMY. SERIES B, PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2017; 93:196-219. [PMID: 28413197 PMCID: PMC5489429 DOI: 10.2183/pjab.93.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Chronic infection with Helicobacter pylori cagA-positive strains is the strongest risk factor of gastric cancer. The cagA gene-encoded CagA protein is delivered into gastric epithelial cells via bacterial type IV secretion, where it undergoes tyrosine phosphorylation at the Glu-Pro-Ile-Tyr-Ala (EPIYA) motifs. Delivered CagA then acts as a non-physiological scaffold/hub protein by interacting with multiple host signaling molecules, most notably the pro-oncogenic phosphatase SHP2 and the polarity-regulating kinase PAR1/MARK, in both tyrosine phosphorylation-dependent and -independent manners. CagA-mediated manipulation of intracellular signaling promotes neoplastic transformation of gastric epithelial cells. Transgenic expression of CagA in experimental animals has confirmed the oncogenic potential of the bacterial protein. Structural polymorphism of CagA influences its scaffold function, which may underlie the geographic difference in the incidence of gastric cancer. Since CagA is no longer required for the maintenance of established gastric cancer cells, studying the role of CagA during neoplastic transformation will provide an excellent opportunity to understand molecular processes underlying "Hit-and-Run" carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori HATAKEYAMA
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Correspondence should be addressed: M. Hatakeyama, Division of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan (e-mail: )
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Li Q, Liu J, Gong Y, Yuan Y. Serum VacA antibody is associated with risks of peptic ulcer and gastric cancer: A meta-analysis. Microb Pathog 2016; 99:220-228. [PMID: 27568203 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2016.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing studies have investigated the relationship between the status of H. pylori vacA antibody and risks of peptic ulcer disease (PUD) and gastric cancer (GC). However, the results were controversial. The aim of this meta-analysis is to clarify whether serum vacA antibody is associated with risks of PUD and GC. METHODS Databases including PubMed, Embase, Web of knowledge, Wanfang, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), OVID, Karger and Scopus were systematically searched for potentially eligible literature. Odds ratios (OR) and their 95% confidence interval (CI) were adopted to assess the strength of association. RESULTS Serum VacA antibody was associated with increased risk of PUD compared with gastritis/functional dyspepsia (FD) (OR = 1.96, 95%CI = 1.56-2.46, P < 0.001). Serum VacA antibody was significantly associated with increased risk of gastric ulcer (GU) and duodenal ulcer (DU) compared with gastritis/FD (GU: OR = 1.64, 95%CI = 1.02-2.62, P = 0.042; DU: OR = 2.06, 95%CI = 1.50-2.84, P < 0.001, respectively). Significant increased risk of GC was found in serum VacA antibody positive subjects compared with serum VacA antibody negative individuals (OR = 2.78, 95%CI = 1.98-3.89, P < 0.001). There was no significant publication bias in all of the comparisons. CONCLUSIONS Serum VacA antibody was significantly associated with increased risks of peptic ulcer disease, gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer compared with gastritis and functional dyspepsia controls. Significant association was also found between serum VacA antibody and gastric cancer risk. Serum VacA antibody might be a potential biomarker for the prediction of risks of PUD and GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuping Li
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, and Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention (China Medical University), Liaoning Provincial Education Department, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Jingwei Liu
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, and Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention (China Medical University), Liaoning Provincial Education Department, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Yuehua Gong
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, and Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention (China Medical University), Liaoning Provincial Education Department, Shenyang 110001, China.
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, and Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention (China Medical University), Liaoning Provincial Education Department, Shenyang 110001, China.
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Dramatic increase in SHP2 binding activity of Helicobacter pylori Western CagA by EPIYA-C duplication: its implications in gastric carcinogenesis. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15749. [PMID: 26507409 PMCID: PMC4623810 DOI: 10.1038/srep15749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection with cagA-positive Helicobacter pylori is critically associated with the development of gastric cancer. The cagA-encoded CagA is delivered into gastric epithelial cells via type IV secretion, where it interacts with and thereby deregulates the pro-oncogenic phosphatase SHP2. East Asian CagA and Western CagA are two major CagA species produced by H. pylori circulating in East Asian countries and in the rest of the world, respectively. The SHP2 binding site of Western CagA, termed the EPIYA-C segment, variably duplicates and infection with H. pylori carrying Western CagA with multiple EPIYA-C segments is a distinct risk factor of gastric cancer. Here we show that duplication of EPIYA-C from one to two or more increases SHP2 binding of Western CagA by more than one hundredfold. Based on the decisive difference in SHP2 binding, Western CagA can be divided into two types: type I CagA carrying a single EPIYA-C segment and type II CagA carrying multiple EPIYA-C segments. Gastric epithelial cells expressing type II CagA acquire the ability to invade extracellular matrices, a malignant cellular trait associated with deregulated SHP2. A big leap in SHP2 binding activity may therefore provide molecular basis that makes type II Western CagA a distinct gastric cancer risk.
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Helicobacter pylori vacA as marker for gastric cancer and gastroduodenal diseases: one but not the only factor. J Clin Microbiol 2015; 52:4451. [PMID: 25399000 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.02640-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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Caleman Neto A, Rasmussen LT, de Labio RW, de Queiroz VF, Smith MDA, Viani GA, Payão SL. Gene polymorphism of interleukin 1 and 8 in chronic gastritis patients infected with Helicobacter pylori. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2014; 20:17. [PMID: 24803922 PMCID: PMC4011515 DOI: 10.1186/1678-9199-20-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Epidemiological investigations have indicated that Helicobacter pylori induces inflammation in the gastric mucosa regulated by several interleukins. The genes IL1B and IL8 are suggested as key factors in determining the risk of gastritis. The aim of this paper was to evaluate the association of gene polymorphism of interleukin-1 and interleukin-8 with chronic gastrits in H. pylori infected patients. A total of 60 patients underwent endoscopic procedure. Biopsy samples were collected for urease test, histopathological and molecular exams. The DNA of theses samples was extracted for detection of H. pylori and analysis of the genes mentioned above. Patients with gastritis had a higher frequency of H. pylori-positive samples. Results H. pylori was detected in 30/60 patients (50%) by PCR. As for polymorphism of interleukin 8 (-251) gene we observed a statistical difference when analyzed TA (p = 0.039) and TT (p = 0.047) genotypes. In the IL1B31 there was a statistical difference in TT (p = 0.01) genotype and in the IL1B-511 there wasn’t any statistical difference. Conclusion Our results suggest a strong correlation between the presence of chronic gastritis and infection by H. pylori and that IL1B-31TT and IL8-251TT genotypes appear to act as protective factors against H. pylori infection while IL8-251TA genotype may comprise a risk factor for infection with this bacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agostinho Caleman Neto
- Department of Genetics, FAMEMA Blood Center, Marília Medical School (FAMEMA), Marília, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | | | - Roger W de Labio
- Department of Genetics, FAMEMA Blood Center, Marília Medical School (FAMEMA), Marília, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Valdeir F de Queiroz
- Department of Digestive System Surgery, Marília Medical School (FAMEMA), Marília, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Marília de Ac Smith
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Gustavo A Viani
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Marília Medical School (FAMEMA), Marília, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Spencer Lm Payão
- Department of Genetics, FAMEMA Blood Center, Marília Medical School (FAMEMA), Marília, São Paulo State, Brazil ; Sacred Heart University (USC), Bauru, São Paulo State, Brazil ; Laboratório de Genética, Hemocentro, FAMEMA, Rua Lourival Freire, 240, Bairro Fragata, Marília, São Paulo CEP 17519-050, Brazil
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Pereira WN, Ferraz MA, Zabaglia LM, de Labio RW, Orcini WA, Bianchi Ximenez JP, Neto AC, Payão SLM, Rasmussen LT. Association among H. pylori virulence markers dupA, cagA and vacA in Brazilian patients. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2014; 20:1. [PMID: 24456629 PMCID: PMC3922733 DOI: 10.1186/1678-9199-20-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Only a few Helicobacter pylori-infected individuals develop severe gastric diseases and virulence factors of H. pylori appear to be involved in such clinical outcomes. Duodenal ulcer promoting gene A (dupA) is a novel virulence factor of Helicobacter pylori that is associated with duodenal ulcer development and reduced risk for gastric carcinoma in some populations. The aims of the present study were to determine the presence of dupA gene and evaluate the association among dupA and other virulence factors including cagA and vacA in Brazilian patients. Gastric biopsies were obtained from 205 dyspeptic patients (100 children and 105 adults). DNA was extracted and analyzed for the presence of H. pylori and its virulence factors using the polymerase chain reaction method. Results Patients with gastritis tested positive for H. pylori more frequently. The dupA gene was detected in 41.5% of them (85/205); cagA gene was found in 98 isolates (47.8%) and vacA genotype s1/m1 in 50.2%, s1/m2 in 8.3%, s2/m2 in 36.6%, s2/m1 in 0.5% and s1/s2/m1/m2 in 4.4%. We also verified a significant association between cagA and dupA genes [p = 0.0003, relative risk (RR) 1.73 and confidence interval [CI] = 1.3–2.3]. The genotypes s1/m1 were also associated with dupA gene (p = 0.0001, RR: 1.72 and CI: 1.3–2.2). The same associations were found when analyzing pediatric and adult groups of patients individually. Conclusion Ours results suggest that dupA is highly frequent in Brazilian patients and is associated with cagA gene and vacA s1/m1 genotype, and it may be considered an important virulence factor in the development of gastric diseases in adults or children.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Helicobacter pylori infection is recognized as a worldwide public health threat. Some studies have suggested that individuals with asthma have a lower rate of H. pylori infection, but the relation remains controversial. This meta-analysis was carried out to quantify the association between H. pylori infection and asthma. METHODS Published information on the prevalence of H. pylori in individuals with asthma was collected to assess the potential associations between H. pylori infection and the risk of asthma. Fourteen eligible studies were selected for analysis. Data on the study populations, detection method of H. pylori, and publication year were summarized. Meta-regression models and subgroup analyses were established to screen the factors resulting in heterogeneity. RESULTS Of the 106 articles retrieved, 14 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The 14 studies involved 28 283 patients, with a total H. pylori infection rate of 40.53%. This meta-analysis found a significantly lower rate of H. pylori infection in the asthmatics than in the controls (odds ratio=0.84, 95% confidence interval: 0.73-0.96, P=0.013). Subgroup analysis indicated a similar infection rate of CagA-positive H. pylori infection in the asthmatic group and the control group (odds ratio=0.73, 95% confidence interval: 0.41-1.28, P=0.03). CONCLUSION The pooled data suggest that asthmatics have a significantly lower rate of H. pylori infection. Large-scale and multicenter studies should be carried out to further determine the relation between this bacterium and allergic disorders.
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