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Hews CL, Cho T, Rowley G, Raivio TL. Maintaining Integrity Under Stress: Envelope Stress Response Regulation of Pathogenesis in Gram-Negative Bacteria. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2019; 9:313. [PMID: 31552196 PMCID: PMC6737893 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Gram-negative bacterial envelope is an essential interface between the intracellular and harsh extracellular environment. Envelope stress responses (ESRs) are crucial to the maintenance of this barrier and function to detect and respond to perturbations in the envelope, caused by environmental stresses. Pathogenic bacteria are exposed to an array of challenging and stressful conditions during their lifecycle and, in particular, during infection of a host. As such, maintenance of envelope homeostasis is essential to their ability to successfully cause infection. This review will discuss our current understanding of the σE- and Cpx-regulated ESRs, with a specific focus on their role in the virulence of a number of model pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire L Hews
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy Cho
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Gary Rowley
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Tracy L Raivio
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Feldheim YS, Zusman T, Kapach A, Segal G. The single-domain response regulator LerC functions as a connector protein in theLegionella pneumophilaeffectors regulatory network. Mol Microbiol 2018; 110:741-760. [DOI: 10.1111/mmi.14101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 07/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yaron S. Feldheim
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences; Tel-Aviv University; Tel-Aviv Israel
| | - Tal Zusman
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences; Tel-Aviv University; Tel-Aviv Israel
| | - Anya Kapach
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences; Tel-Aviv University; Tel-Aviv Israel
| | - Gil Segal
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences; Tel-Aviv University; Tel-Aviv Israel
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Fujiwara K, Ito K, Chiba S. MifM-instructed translation arrest involves nascent chain interactions with the exterior as well as the interior of the ribosome. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10311. [PMID: 29985442 PMCID: PMC6037786 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28628-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacillus subtilis MifM is a monitoring substrate of the YidC pathways of protein integration into the membrane and controls the expression of the YidC2 (YqjG) homolog by undergoing regulated translational elongation arrest. The elongation arrest requires interactions between the MifM nascent polypeptide and the ribosomal components near the peptidyl transferase center (PTC) as well as at the constriction site of the ribosomal exit tunnel. Here, we addressed the roles played by more N-terminal regions of MifM and found that, in addition to the previously-identified arrest-provoking elements, the MifM residues 41-60 likely located at the tunnel exit and outside the ribosome contribute to the full induction of elongation arrest. Mutational effects of the cytosolically exposed part of the ribosomal protein uL23 suggested its involvement in the elongation arrest, presumably by interacting with the extra-ribosomal portion of MifM. In vitro translation with reconstituted translation components recapitulated the effects of the mutations at the 41-60 segment, reinforcing the importance of direct molecular interactions between the nascent chain and the ribosome. These results indicate that the nascent MifM polypeptide interacts extensively with the ribosome both from within and without to direct the elongation halt and consequent up-regulation of YidC2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keigo Fujiwara
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Institute for Protein Dynamics, Kyoto Sangyo University, Motoyama, Kamigamo, Kita-Ku, Kyoto, 603-8555, Japan
| | - Koreaki Ito
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Institute for Protein Dynamics, Kyoto Sangyo University, Motoyama, Kamigamo, Kita-Ku, Kyoto, 603-8555, Japan
| | - Shinobu Chiba
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Institute for Protein Dynamics, Kyoto Sangyo University, Motoyama, Kamigamo, Kita-Ku, Kyoto, 603-8555, Japan.
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Mori H, Sakashita S, Ito J, Ishii E, Akiyama Y. Identification and characterization of a translation arrest motif in VemP by systematic mutational analysis. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:2915-2926. [PMID: 29317498 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.816561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
VemP ( Vibrio protein export monitoring polypeptide) is a secretory protein comprising 159 amino acid residues, which functions as a secretion monitor in Vibrio and regulates expression of the downstream V.secDF2 genes. When VemP export is compromised, its translation specifically undergoes elongation arrest at the position where the Gln156 codon of vemP encounters the P-site in the translating ribosome, resulting in up-regulation of V.SecDF2 production. Although our previous study suggests that many residues in a highly conserved C-terminal 20-residue region of VemP contribute to its elongation arrest, the exact role of each residue remains unclear. Here, we constructed a reporter system to easily and exactly monitor the in vivo arrest efficiency of VemP. Using this reporter system, we systematically performed a mutational analysis of the 20 residues (His138-Phe157) to identify and characterize the arrest motif. Our results show that 15 residues in the conserved region participate in elongation arrest and that multiple interactions between important residues in VemP and in the interior of the exit tunnel contribute to the elongation arrest of VemP. The arrangement of these important residues induced by specific secondary structures in the ribosomal tunnel is critical for the arrest. Pro scanning analysis of the preceding segment (Met120-Phe137) revealed a minor role of this region in the arrest. Considering these results, we conclude that the arrest motif in VemP is mainly composed of the highly conserved multiple residues in the C-terminal region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Mori
- Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
| | - Sohei Sakashita
- Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Jun Ito
- Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Eiji Ishii
- Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Akiyama
- Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
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Li J, Overall CC, Nakayasu ES, Kidwai AS, Jones MB, Johnson RC, Nguyen NT, McDermott JE, Ansong C, Heffron F, Cambronne ED, Adkins JN. Analysis of the Salmonella regulatory network suggests involvement of SsrB and H-NS in σ(E)-regulated SPI-2 gene expression. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:27. [PMID: 25713562 PMCID: PMC4322710 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The extracytoplasmic functioning sigma factor σE is known to play an essential role for Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium to survive and proliferate in macrophages and mice. However, its regulatory network is not well-characterized, especially during infection. Here we used microarray to identify genes regulated by σE in Salmonella grown in three conditions: a nutrient-rich condition and two others that mimic early and late intracellular infection. We found that in each condition σE regulated different sets of genes, and notably, several global regulators. When comparing nutrient-rich and infection-like conditions, large changes were observed in the expression of genes involved in Salmonella pathogenesis island (SPI)-1 type-three secretion system (TTSS), SPI-2 TTSS, protein synthesis, and stress responses. In total, the expression of 58% of Salmonella genes was affected by σE in at least one of the three conditions. An important finding is that σE up-regulates SPI-2 genes, which are essential for Salmonella intracellular survival, by up-regulating SPI-2 activator ssrB expression at the early stage of infection and down-regulating SPI-2 repressor hns expression at a later stage. Moreover, σE is capable of countering the silencing of H-NS, releasing the expression of SPI-2 genes. This connection between σE and SPI-2 genes, combined with the global regulatory effect of σE, may account for the lethality of rpoE-deficient Salmonella in murine infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University Portland, OR, USA
| | - Christopher C Overall
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland, WA, USA
| | - Ernesto S Nakayasu
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland, WA, USA
| | - Afshan S Kidwai
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University Portland, OR, USA
| | - Marcus B Jones
- Department of Infectious Diseases, J. Craig Venter Institute Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Rudd C Johnson
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University Portland, OR, USA
| | - Nhu T Nguyen
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University Portland, OR, USA
| | - Jason E McDermott
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland, WA, USA
| | - Charles Ansong
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland, WA, USA
| | - Fred Heffron
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University Portland, OR, USA
| | - Eric D Cambronne
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University Portland, OR, USA
| | - Joshua N Adkins
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland, WA, USA
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Raivio TL. Everything old is new again: an update on current research on the Cpx envelope stress response. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2013; 1843:1529-41. [PMID: 24184210 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2013.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Revised: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The Cpx envelope stress response (ESR) has been linked to proteins that are integrated into and secreted across the inner membrane for several decades. Initial studies of the cpx locus linked it to alterations in the protein content of both the inner and outer membrane, together with changes in proton motive driven transport and conjugation. Since the mid 1990s, the predominant view of the Cpx envelope stress response has been that it serves to detect and respond to secreted, misfolded proteins in the periplasm. Recent studies in Escherichia coli and other Gram negative organisms highlight a role for the Cpx ESR in specifically responding to perturbations that occur at the inner membrane (IM). It is clear that Cpx adaptation involves a broad suite of changes that encompass many functions in addition to protein folding. Interestingly, recent studies have refocused attention on Cpx-regulated phenotypes that were initially published over 30years ago, including antibiotic resistance and transport across the IM. In this review I will focus on the insights and models that have arisen from recent studies and that may help explain some of the originally published Cpx phenotypes. Although the molecular nature of the inducing signal for the Cpx ESR remains enigmatic, recently solved structures of signaling proteins are yielding testable models concerning the molecular mechanisms behind signaling. The identification of connections between the Cpx ESR and other stress responses in the cell reveals a complex web of interactions that involves Cpx-regulated expression of other regulators as well as small proteins and sRNAs. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Protein trafficking and secretion in bacteria. Guest Editors: Anastassios Economou and Ross Dalbey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy L Raivio
- Department of Biological Sciences, Centennial Centre for Interdisciplinary Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada
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