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Sheridan M, Chowdhury N, Wellslager B, Oleinik N, Kassir MF, Lee HG, Engevik M, Peterson Y, Pandruvada S, Szulc ZM, Yilmaz Ö, Ogretmen B. Opportunistic pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis targets the LC3B-ceramide complex and mediates lethal mitophagy resistance in oral tumors. iScience 2024; 27:109860. [PMID: 38779482 PMCID: PMC11108982 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms by which Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) infection enhances oral tumor growth or resistance to cell death remain elusive. Here, we determined that P. gingivalis infection mediates therapeutic resistance via inhibiting lethal mitophagy in cancer cells and tumors. Mechanistically, P. gingivalis targets the LC3B-ceramide complex by associating with LC3B via bacterial major fimbriae (FimA) protein, preventing ceramide-dependent mitophagy in response to various therapeutic agents. Moreover, ceramide-mediated mitophagy is induced by Annexin A2 (ANXA2)-ceramide association involving the E142 residue of ANXA2. Inhibition of ANXA2-ceramide-LC3B complex formation by wild-type P. gingivalis prevented ceramide-dependent mitophagy. Moreover, a FimA-deletion mutant P. gingivalis variant had no inhibitory effects on ceramide-dependent mitophagy. Further, 16S rRNA sequencing of oral tumors indicated that P. gingivalis infection altered the microbiome of the tumor macroenvironment in response to ceramide analog treatment in mice. Thus, these data provide a mechanism describing the pro-survival roles of P. gingivalis in oral tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Sheridan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, 86 Jonathan Lucas Street, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, 86 Jonathan Lucas Street, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Nityananda Chowdhury
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, 86 Jonathan Lucas Street, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Bridgette Wellslager
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, 86 Jonathan Lucas Street, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Natalia Oleinik
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, 86 Jonathan Lucas Street, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, 86 Jonathan Lucas Street, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Mohamed Faisal Kassir
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, 86 Jonathan Lucas Street, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, 86 Jonathan Lucas Street, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Han G. Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, 86 Jonathan Lucas Street, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, 86 Jonathan Lucas Street, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Mindy Engevik
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, 86 Jonathan Lucas Street, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Yuri Peterson
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, 86 Jonathan Lucas Street, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Subramanya Pandruvada
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, 86 Jonathan Lucas Street, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Zdzislaw M. Szulc
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, 86 Jonathan Lucas Street, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, 86 Jonathan Lucas Street, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Özlem Yilmaz
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, 86 Jonathan Lucas Street, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, 86 Jonathan Lucas Street, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Besim Ogretmen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, 86 Jonathan Lucas Street, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, 86 Jonathan Lucas Street, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
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2
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Zhou X, Zhu H, Luo C, Xiao H, Zou X, Zou J, Zhang G. Targeting integrin α5β1 in urological tumors: opportunities and challenges. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1165073. [PMID: 37483505 PMCID: PMC10358839 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1165073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Urological tumors, such as prostate cancer, renal cell carcinoma, and bladder cancer, have shown a significant rise in prevalence in recent years and account for a significant proportion of malignant tumors. It has been established that metastasis to distant organs caused by urological tumors is the main cause of death, although the mechanisms underlying metastasis have not been fully elucidated. The fibronectin receptor integrin α5β1 reportedly plays an important role in distant metastasis and is closely related to tumor development. It is widely thought to be an important cancer mediator by interacting with different ligands, mediating tumor adhesion, invasion, and migration, and leading to immune escape. In this paper, we expound on the relationship and regulatory mechanisms of integrin α5β1 in these three cancers. In addition, the clinical applications of integrin α5β1 in these cancers, especially against treatment resistance, are discussed. Last but not least, the possibility of integrin α5β1 as a potential target for treatment is examined, with new ideas for future research being proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuming Zhou
- The First Clinical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Hezhen Zhu
- The First Clinical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Cong Luo
- The First Clinical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Huan Xiao
- The First Clinical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zou
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Institute of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Jiangxi Engineering Technology Research Center of Calculi Prevention, Ganzhou, China
| | - Junrong Zou
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Institute of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Jiangxi Engineering Technology Research Center of Calculi Prevention, Ganzhou, China
| | - Guoxi Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Institute of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Jiangxi Engineering Technology Research Center of Calculi Prevention, Ganzhou, China
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3
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Hasegawa Y, Nagano K. Porphyromonas gingivalis FimA and Mfa1 fimbriae: Current insights on localization, function, biogenesis, and genotype. JAPANESE DENTAL SCIENCE REVIEW 2021; 57:190-200. [PMID: 34691295 PMCID: PMC8512630 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2021.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In general, the periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis expresses distinct FimA and Mfa1 fimbriae. Each of these consists of five FimA–E and five Mfa1–5 proteins encoded by the fim and mfa gene clusters, respectively. The main shaft portion comprises FimA and Mfa1, whereas FimB and Mfa2 are localized on the basal portion and function as anchors and elongation terminators. FimC–E and Mfa3–5 participate in the assembly of an accessory protein complex on the tips of each fimbria. Hence, they serve as ligands for the receptors on host cells and other oral bacterial species. The crystal structures of FimA and Mfa1 fimbrial proteins were recently elucidated and new insights into the localization, function, and biogenesis of these proteins have been reported. Several studies indicated a correlation between P. gingivalis pathogenicity and the fimA genotype but not the mfa1 genotype. We recently revealed polymorphisms of all genes in the fim and mfa gene clusters. Intriguingly, mfa5 occurred in numerous different forms and underwent duplication. Detailed structural and functional knowledge of the fimbrial proteins in the context of the entire filament could facilitate the development of innovative therapeutic strategies for structure-based drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Hasegawa
- Department of Microbiology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Keiji Nagano
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Hokkaido, Japan
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4
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Kwon Y, Park C, Lee J, Park DH, Jeong S, Yun CH, Park OJ, Han SH. Regulation of Bone Cell Differentiation and Activation by Microbe-Associated Molecular Patterns. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115805. [PMID: 34071605 PMCID: PMC8197933 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota has emerged as an important regulator of bone homeostasis. In particular, the modulation of innate immunity and bone homeostasis is mediated through the interaction between microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) and the host pattern recognition receptors including Toll-like receptors and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domains. Pathogenic bacteria such as Porphyromonas gingivalis and Staphylococcus aureus tend to induce bone destruction and cause various inflammatory bone diseases including periodontal diseases, osteomyelitis, and septic arthritis. On the other hand, probiotic bacteria such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium species can prevent bone loss. In addition, bacterial metabolites and various secretory molecules such as short chain fatty acids and cyclic nucleotides can also affect bone homeostasis. This review focuses on the regulation of osteoclast and osteoblast by MAMPs including cell wall components and secretory microbial molecules under in vitro and in vivo conditions. MAMPs could be used as potential molecular targets for treating bone-related diseases such as osteoporosis and periodontal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeongkag Kwon
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (Y.K.); (C.P.); (J.L.); (D.H.P.); (S.J.)
| | - Chaeyeon Park
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (Y.K.); (C.P.); (J.L.); (D.H.P.); (S.J.)
| | - Jueun Lee
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (Y.K.); (C.P.); (J.L.); (D.H.P.); (S.J.)
| | - Dong Hyun Park
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (Y.K.); (C.P.); (J.L.); (D.H.P.); (S.J.)
| | - Sungho Jeong
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (Y.K.); (C.P.); (J.L.); (D.H.P.); (S.J.)
| | - Cheol-Heui Yun
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea;
| | - Ok-Jin Park
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (Y.K.); (C.P.); (J.L.); (D.H.P.); (S.J.)
- Correspondence: (O.-J.P.); (S.H.H.); Tel.: +82-2-880-2312 (O.-J.P.); +82-2-880-2310 (S.H.H.)
| | - Seung Hyun Han
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (Y.K.); (C.P.); (J.L.); (D.H.P.); (S.J.)
- Correspondence: (O.-J.P.); (S.H.H.); Tel.: +82-2-880-2312 (O.-J.P.); +82-2-880-2310 (S.H.H.)
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5
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Moradali MF, Davey ME. Metabolic plasticity enables lifestyle transitions of Porphyromonas gingivalis. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2021; 7:46. [PMID: 34031416 PMCID: PMC8144566 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-021-00217-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of how the oral anaerobe Porphyromonas gingivalis can persist below the gum line, induce ecological changes, and promote polymicrobial infections remains limited. P. gingivalis has long been described as a highly proteolytic and asaccharolytic pathogen that utilizes protein substrates as the main source for energy production and proliferation. Here, we report that P. gingivalis displays a metabolic plasticity that enables the exploitation of non-proteinaceous substrates, specifically the monocarboxylates pyruvate and lactate, as well as human serum components, for colonization and biofilm formation. We show that anabolism of carbohydrates from pyruvate is powered by catabolism of amino acids. Concomitantly, the expression of fimbrial adhesion is upregulated, leading to the enhancement of biofilm formation, stimulation of multispecies biofilm development, and increase of colonization and invasion of the primary gingival epithelial cells by P. gingivalis. These studies provide the first glimpse into the metabolic plasticity of P. gingivalis and its adaptation to the nutritional condition of the host niche. Our findings support the model that in response to specific nutritional parameters, P. gingivalis has the potential to promote host colonization and development of a pathogenic community.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Fata Moradali
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, School of Dentistry, Room 355 B, Louisville, KY, USA.
| | - Mary E Davey
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Malone ET, Ganther S, Mena N, Radaic A, Shariati K, Kindberg A, Tafolla C, Kamarajan P, Fenno JC, Zhan L, Kapila YL. Treponema denticola-Induced RASA4 Upregulation Mediates Cytoskeletal Dysfunction and MMP-2 Activity in Periodontal Fibroblasts. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:671968. [PMID: 34094999 PMCID: PMC8171266 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.671968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The periodontal complex consists of the periodontal ligament (PDL), alveolar bone, and cementum, which work together to turn mechanical load into biological responses that are responsible for maintaining a homeostatic environment. However oral microbes, under conditions of dysbiosis, may challenge the actin dynamic properties of the PDL in the context of periodontal disease. To study this process, we examined host-microbial interactions in the context of the periodontium via molecular and functional cell assays and showed that human PDL cell interactions with Treponema denticola induce actin depolymerization through a novel actin reorganization signaling mechanism. This actin reorganization mechanism and loss of cell adhesion is a pathological response characterized by an initial upregulation of RASA4 mRNA expression resulting in an increase in matrix metalloproteinase-2 activity. This mechanism is specific to the T. denticola effector protein, dentilisin, thereby uncovering a novel effect for Treponema denticola-mediated RASA4 transcriptional activation and actin depolymerization in primary human PDL cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Trent Malone
- Kapila Laboratory, Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry San Francisco, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Sean Ganther
- Kapila Laboratory, Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry San Francisco, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Nevina Mena
- Kapila Laboratory, Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry San Francisco, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Allan Radaic
- Kapila Laboratory, Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry San Francisco, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Keemia Shariati
- Kapila Laboratory, Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry San Francisco, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Abigail Kindberg
- Bush Laboratory, Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, Biomedical Sciences Graduate, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Christian Tafolla
- Kapila Laboratory, Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry San Francisco, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Pachiyappan Kamarajan
- Kapila Laboratory, Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry San Francisco, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - J. Christopher Fenno
- Fenno Laboratory, Department of Biological and Material Sciences & Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Ling Zhan
- Zhan Laboratory, Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry San Francisco, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Yvonne L. Kapila
- Kapila Laboratory, Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry San Francisco, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
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Hou J, Yan D, Liu Y, Huang P, Cui H. The Roles of Integrin α5β1 in Human Cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:13329-13344. [PMID: 33408483 PMCID: PMC7781020 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s273803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix has important roles in tissue integrity and human health. Integrins are heterodimeric cell surface receptors that are composed by two non-covalently linked alpha and beta subunits that mainly participate in the interaction of cell-cell adhesion and cell-extracellular matrix and regulate cell motility, adhesion, differentiation, migration, proliferation, etc. In mammals, there have been eighteen α subunits and 8 β subunits and so far 24 distinct types of αβ integrin heterodimers have been identified in humans. Integrin α5β1, also known as the fibronectin receptor, is a heterodimer with α5 and β1 subunits and has emerged as an essential mediator in many human carcinomas. Integrin α5β1 alteration is closely linked to the progression of several types of human cancers, including cell proliferation, angiogenesis, tumor metastasis, and cancerogenesis. In this review, we will introduce the functions of integrin α5β1 in cancer progression and also explore its regulatory mechanisms. Additionally, the potential clinical applications as a target for cancer imaging and therapy are discussed. Collectively, the information reviewed here may increase the understanding of integrin α5β1 as a potential therapeutic target for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbing Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory for Sericulture Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, People's Republic of China.,Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, People's Republic of China.,Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Centre for Silk Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Chongqing 400716, People's Republic of China
| | - Du Yan
- Chongqing University Central Hospital, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing 400716, People's Republic of China
| | - Yudong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory for Sericulture Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, People's Republic of China.,Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, People's Republic of China.,Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Centre for Silk Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Chongqing 400716, People's Republic of China
| | - Pan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory for Sericulture Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, People's Republic of China.,Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, People's Republic of China.,Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Centre for Silk Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Chongqing 400716, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongjuan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory for Sericulture Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, People's Republic of China.,Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, People's Republic of China.,Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Centre for Silk Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Chongqing 400716, People's Republic of China
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8
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Li Q, Zhou J, Lin L, Zhao H, Miao L, Pan Y. Porphyromonas gingivalis degrades integrin β1 and induces AIF-mediated apoptosis of epithelial cells. Infect Dis (Lond) 2019; 51:793-801. [PMID: 31411895 DOI: 10.1080/23744235.2019.1653490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Porphyromonas gingivalis, a major pathogen of chronic periodontitis, adheres to and invades epithelial cells via an interaction between fimbriae and integrin. P. gingivalis proliferation and infection may affect the survival of cells. In this study, we further examined alternative signaling pathways mediating epithelial-cell death induced by P. gingivalis and the role of the cell-adhesion molecule integrin. Methods: Human epithelial KB cells interacted with P. gingivalis to evaluate cell death by Annexin V-propidium iodide (PI) staining. JC-1 staining was used to measure mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). The mRNA and protein of integrin β1, apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) and caspase-3 were detected by real-time PCR and western blot. Caspase-3 activity was analyzed by spectrophotometry. Results: P. gingivalis infection downregulated integrin β1 and led to cell detachment in a dose and time-dependent manner. Large amount of P. gingivalis induced MMP depolarization and apoptosis in KB cells. Moreover, P. gingivalis up-regulated AIF, but not activate caspase-3 during apoptosis. In addition, AIF inhibitor N-Phenylmaleimide almost inhibited the P. gingivalis-induced apoptosis. Conclusions: P. gingivalis disrupts epithelial-cell adhesion by degrading integrin β1 and induces caspase-independent, AIF-mediated mitochondrial apoptosis, which may promote the damage of oral tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Stomatology, China Medical University , Shenyang , China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Periodontics, School of Stomatology, China Medical University , Shenyang , China
| | - Li Lin
- Department of Periodontics, School of Stomatology, China Medical University , Shenyang , China
| | - Haijiao Zhao
- Department of Periodontics, School of Stomatology, China Medical University , Shenyang , China
| | - Lei Miao
- Department of Periodontics, School of Stomatology, China Medical University , Shenyang , China
| | - Yaping Pan
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Stomatology, China Medical University , Shenyang , China.,Department of Periodontics, School of Stomatology, China Medical University , Shenyang , China
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9
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Lee K, Roberts JS, Choi CH, Atanasova KR, Yilmaz Ö. Porphyromonas gingivalis traffics into endoplasmic reticulum-rich-autophagosomes for successful survival in human gingival epithelial cells. Virulence 2018; 9:845-859. [PMID: 29616874 PMCID: PMC5955440 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2018.1454171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis, an opportunistic pathogen usurps gingival epithelial cells (GECs) as primary intracellular niche for its colonization in the oral mucosa. However, the precise characterization of the intracellular trafficking and fate of P. gingivalis in GECs remains incomplete. Therefore, we employed high-resolution three-dimensional-transmission-electron-microscopy to determine the subcellular location of P. gingivalis in human primary GECs upon invasion. Serial sections of infected-GECs and their tomographic reconstruction depicted ER-rich-double-membrane autophagosomal-vacuoles harboring P. gingivalis. Western-blotting and fluorescence confocal microscopy showed that P. gingivalis significantly induces LC3-lipidation in a time-dependent-manner and co-localizes with LC3, ER-lumen-protein Bip, or ER-tracker, which are major components of the phagophore membrane. Furthermore, GECs that were infected with FMN-green-fluorescent transformant-strain (PgFbFP) and selectively permeabilized by digitonin showed rapidly increasing large numbers of double-membrane-vacuolar-P. gingivalis over 24 hours of infection with a low-ratio of cytosolically free-bacteria. Moreover, inhibition of autophagy using 3-methyladenine or ATG5 siRNA significantly reduced the viability of intracellular P. gingivalis in GECs as determined by an antibiotic-protection-assay. Lysosomal marker, LAMP-1, showed a low-degree colocalization with P. gingivalis (∼20%). PgFbFP was used to investigate the fate of vacuolar- versus cytosolic-P. gingivalis by their association with ubiquitin-binding-adaptor-proteins, NDP52 and p62. Only cytosolic-P. gingivalis had a significant association with both markers, which suggests cytosolically-free bacteria are likely destined to the lysosomal-degradation pathway whereas the vacuolar-P. gingivalis survives. Therefore, the results reveal a novel mechanism for P. gingivalis survival in GECs by harnessing host autophagy machinery to establish a successful replicative niche and persistence in the oral mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyulim Lee
- a Department of Oral Biology , University of Florida , Gainesville , Florida , USA
| | - JoAnn S Roberts
- b Department of Oral Health Sciences , Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston , South Carolina , USA
| | - Chul Hee Choi
- c Department of Microbiology and Medical Science , Chungnam National University, School of Medicine , Daejeon , Republic of Korea
| | - Kalina R Atanasova
- d Department of Periodontology , University of Florida , Gainesville , Florida , USA
| | - Özlem Yilmaz
- b Department of Oral Health Sciences , Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston , South Carolina , USA.,e Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina , South Carolina , USA
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10
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Tamai R, Kobayashi-Sakamoto M, Kiyoura Y. Extracellular galectin-1 enhances adhesion to and invasion of oral epithelial cells by Porphyromonas gingivalis. Can J Microbiol 2018; 64:465-471. [PMID: 29544077 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2017-0461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Galectin-1 and galectin-3 are C-type lectin receptors that bind to lipopolysaccharide in the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria. In this study, we investigated the effects of galectin-1 and galectin-3 on adhesion to and invasion of the human gingival epithelial cell line Ca9-22 by Porphyromonas gingivalis, a periodontal pathogenic gram-negative bacterium. Recombinant galectin-1, but not galectin-3, enhanced P. gingivalis adhesion and invasion, although both galectins bound similarly to P. gingivalis. Flow cytometry also revealed that Ca9-22 cells express low levels of galectin-1 and moderate levels of galectin-3. Ca9-22 cells in which galectin-3 was knocked-down did not exhibit enhanced P. gingivalis adhesion and invasion. Similarly, specific antibodies to galectin-1 and galectin-3 did not inhibit P. gingivalis adhesion and invasion. These results suggest that soluble galectin-1, but not galectin-3, may exacerbate periodontal disease by enhancing the adhesion to and invasion of host cells by periodontal pathogenic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riyoko Tamai
- Department of Oral Medical Science, Ohu University School of Dentistry, 31-1 Misumido, Tomitamachi, Koriyama, Fukushima 963-8611, Japan.,Department of Oral Medical Science, Ohu University School of Dentistry, 31-1 Misumido, Tomitamachi, Koriyama, Fukushima 963-8611, Japan
| | - Michiyo Kobayashi-Sakamoto
- Department of Oral Medical Science, Ohu University School of Dentistry, 31-1 Misumido, Tomitamachi, Koriyama, Fukushima 963-8611, Japan.,Department of Oral Medical Science, Ohu University School of Dentistry, 31-1 Misumido, Tomitamachi, Koriyama, Fukushima 963-8611, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kiyoura
- Department of Oral Medical Science, Ohu University School of Dentistry, 31-1 Misumido, Tomitamachi, Koriyama, Fukushima 963-8611, Japan.,Department of Oral Medical Science, Ohu University School of Dentistry, 31-1 Misumido, Tomitamachi, Koriyama, Fukushima 963-8611, Japan
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11
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Wu Y, Wang Y, Zou H, Wang B, Sun Q, Fu A, Wang Y, Wang Y, Xu X, Li W. Probiotic Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SC06 Induces Autophagy to Protect against Pathogens in Macrophages. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:469. [PMID: 28382029 PMCID: PMC5360707 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Probiotics are increasingly applied in popularity in both humans and animals. Decades of research has revealed their beneficial effects, including the immune modulation in intestinal pathogens inhibition. Autophagy—a cellular process that involves the delivery of cytoplasmic proteins and organelles to the lysosome for degradation and recirculation—is essential to protect cells against bacterial pathogens. However, the mechanism of probiotics-mediated autophagy and its role in the elimination of pathogens are still unknown. Here, we evaluated Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SC06 (Ba)-induced autophagy and its antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli (E. coli) in murine macrophage cell line RAW264.7 cells. Western blotting and confocal laser scanning analysis showed that Ba activated autophagy in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Ba-induced autophagy was found to play a role in the elimination of intracellular bacteria when RAW264.7 cells were challenged with E. coli. Ba induced autophagy by increasing the expression of Beclin1 and Atg5-Atg12-Atg16 complex, but not the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Moreover, Ba pretreatment attenuated the activation of JNK in RAW264.7 cells during E. coli infection, further indicating a protective role for probiotics via modulating macrophage immunity. The above findings highlight a novel mechanism underlying the antibacterial activity of probiotics. This study enriches the current knowledge on probiotics-mediated autophagy, and provides a new perspective on the prevention of bacterial infection in intestine, which further the application of probiotics in food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Wu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University Hangzhou, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University Hangzhou, China
| | - Hai Zou
- Department of Cardiology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital Hangzhou, China
| | - Baikui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiming Sun
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University Hangzhou, China
| | - Aikun Fu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University Hangzhou, China
| | - Yibing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaogang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University Hangzhou, China
| | - Weifen Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University Hangzhou, China
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12
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Pan C, Liu J, Wang H, Song J, Tan L, Zhao H. Porphyromonas gingivalis can invade periodontal ligament stem cells. BMC Microbiol 2017; 17:38. [PMID: 28212613 PMCID: PMC5316216 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-017-0950-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Porphyromonas gingivalis is strongly associated with the development, progression, severity and recurrence of periodontitis. Periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) play an important role in the maintenance of periodontal tissue self-renewal and repair. The purpose of this study was to investigate the ability of P. gingivalis to infect PDLSCs using an in vitro monolayer model. Methods We separated and cultured primary PDLSCs using the tissue block with limiting dilution method. The efficiency of P. gingivalis (ATCC 33277) infection of PDLSCs was measured using agar plate culture and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (q-PCR) methods. PDLSCs infected with P. gingivalis were also observed by transmission electron microscopy. Results We assessed stem cell properties including cell morphology, clone formation, growth activity, cell surface antigens and multiple differentiation capacity. The infection rates of P. gingivalis in PDLSC at MOIs of 50, 100, 200, and 500 were 5.83%, 8.12%, 7.77% and 7.53% according to the agar plate culture method. By q-PCR, the efficiencies of P. gingivalis infection of PDLSCs at MOIs of 50, 100, 200, and 500 were 6.74%, 10.56%, 10.36% and 9.78%, respectively. Overall, the infection efficiency based on q-PCR was higher than that according to agar plate culture. Using transmission electron microscopy, we verified that P. gingivalis (ATCC 33277) could infect and invade PDLSCs after 2 h of incubation, and endocytic vacuoles were not found surrounding the internalized bacteria. Conclusions In conclusion, our data demonstrate that P. gingivalis can invade PDLSCs. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12866-017-0950-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunling Pan
- Department of Periodontics, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110002, China.
| | - Junchao Liu
- Department of Periodontics, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110002, China
| | - Hongyan Wang
- Department of Periodontics, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110002, China
| | - Jia Song
- Department of Periodontics, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110002, China
| | - Lisi Tan
- Department of Periodontics, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110002, China
| | - Haijiao Zhao
- Department of Periodontics, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110002, China
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13
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Kuo HC, Chang LC, Chen TC, Lee KC, Lee KF, Chen CN, Yu HR. Sterol Regulatory Element-Binding Protein-1c Regulates Inflammasome Activation in Gingival Fibroblasts Infected with High-Glucose-Treated Porphyromonas gingivalis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2016; 6:195. [PMID: 28083517 PMCID: PMC5183582 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2016.00195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background:Porphyromonas gingivalis is a major bacterial species implicated in the progression of periodontal disease, which is recognized as a common complication of diabetes. The interleukin (IL)-1β, processed by the NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, has been identified as a target for pathogenic infection of the inflammatory response. However, the effect of P. gingivalis in a high-glucose situation in the modulation of inflammasome activation in human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) is not well-understood. Methods:P. gingivalis strain CCUG25226 was used to study the mechanisms underlying the regulation of HGF NLRP3 expression by the infection of high-glucose-treated P. gingivalis (HGPg). Results: HGF infection with HGPg increases the expression of IL-1β and NLRP3. We further demonstrated that the upregulation of sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP)-1c by activation of the Akt and p70S6K pathways is critical for HGPg-induced NLRP3 expression. We showed that the inhibition of Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) blocks the Akt- and p70S6K-mediated SREBP-1c, NLRP3, and IL-1β expression. The effect of HGPg on HGF signaling and NLRP3 expression is mediated by β1 integrin. In addition, gingival tissues from diabetic patients with periodontal disease exhibited higher NLRP3 and SREBP-1c expression. Conclusions: Our findings identify the molecular pathways underlying HGPg-dependent NLRP3 inflammasome expression in HGFs, providing insight into the effect of P. gingivalis invasion in HGFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsing-Chun Kuo
- Department of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology (CGUST)Chiayi, Taiwan; Research Center for Industry of Human Ecology and Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology (CGUST)Taoyuan, Taiwan; Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion Research Center, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology (CGUST)Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ching Chang
- Department of Dentistry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Te-Chuan Chen
- Division of Nephrology Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ko-Chao Lee
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital - Kaohsiung Medical Center Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kam-Fai Lee
- Department of Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Nan Chen
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Chiayi University Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Ren Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital - Kaohsiung Medical CenterKaohsiung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, Chang Gung University College of MedicineKaohsiung, Taiwan
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14
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Gankovskaya LV, Khelminskaya NM, Molchanova EA, Svitich OA. ROLE OF INNATE IMMUNITY FACTORS IN PERIODONTITIS PATHOGENESIS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.36233/0372-9311-2016-2-100-107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Chronic generalized periodontitis (CGP) is a disease of periodontium tissues supporting tooth induced by bacteria, that is characterized by the presence of processes of inflammation with destruction ofbone tissue. The knowledge of molecular mechanisms of CGP pathogenesis facilitates creation of the most effective methods of therapy of this disease. Bacterial infection is a primary factor in periodontitis etiology, however is not sufficient for its start and subsequent development. It is known, that bacterial factors induce a local inflammation reaction and activate the system of innate immunity through activation of Toll-like receptors (TLR), located on the surface of resident cells and leukocytes. Activation of these cells results in production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and recruitment of phagocytes and lymphocytes into the inflammation zone. In review we examined the known data regarding factors of immune protection of periodontium including cell populations and cytokines, as well as mechanisms of tissue destruction, that support the tooth. Perspectives of therapy are also discussed.
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Abstract
New insights into the biological mechanisms involved in modulating periodontal inflammation and alveolar bone loss are paving the way for novel therapeutic strategies for periodontitis. The neutrophil adhesion cascade for transmigration in response to infection or inflammation is a key paradigm in immunity. Developmental endothelial locus-1 (Del-1) is one of several newly identified endogenous inhibitors of the leukocyte adhesion cascade. Del-1 competes with intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) on endothelial cells for binding to the LFA-1 integrin on neutrophils, thereby regulating neutrophil recruitment and local inflammation. In animal periodontitis models, Del-1 deficiency resulted in severe inflammation and alveolar bone loss, but local treatment with recombinant Del-1 prevented neutrophil infiltration and bone loss. The expression of Del-1 is inhibited by the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-17. Nucleic-acid-receptor-mediated inflammatory responses may be important in periodontal disease pathogenesis. Bacterial nucleic acids released during inflammation are detected by host microbial DNA sensors, e.g., Toll-like receptor-9 (TLR-9), leading to the activation of pro- and/or anti-inflammatory signaling pathways. DNA from periodontitis-associated bacteria induced pro-inflammatory cytokine production in human macrophage-like cells through the TLR-9 and NF-κB signaling pathways, but had less effect on human osteoblasts. Inhibition of TLR-9 signaling in human macrophages reduced cytokine production in response to P. gingivalis DNA. Differential expression of a polymorphic site in the TLR-9 gene promoter region and increased TLR-9 gene and protein expression were reported in chronic periodontitis. Further research to confirm that periodontal bacterial DNA contributes to destructive inflammation in vivo could provide alternative therapeutic targets to control periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Hajishengallis
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Dental School, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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16
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Sakanaka A, Takeuchi H, Kuboniwa M, Amano A. Dual lifestyle of Porphyromonas gingivalis in biofilm and gingival cells. Microb Pathog 2015; 94:42-7. [PMID: 26456558 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2015.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2015] [Revised: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis is deeply involved in the pathogenesis of marginal periodontitis, and recent findings have consolidated its role as an important and unique pathogen. This bacterium has a unique dual lifestyle in periodontal sites including subgingival dental plaque (biofilm) and gingival cells, as it has been clearly shown that P. gingivalis is able to exert virulence using completely different tactics in each environment. Inter-bacterial cross-feeding enhances the virulence of periodontal microflora, and such metabolic and adhesive interplay creates a supportive environment for P. gingivalis and other species. Human oral epithelial cells harbor a large intracellular bacterial load, resembling the polymicrobial nature of periodontal biofilm. P. gingivalis can enter gingival epithelial cells and pass through the epithelial barrier into deeper tissues. Subsequently, from its intracellular position, the pathogen exploits cellular recycling pathways to exit invaded cells, by which it is able to control its population in infected tissues, allowing for persistent infection in gingival tissues. Here, we outline the dual lifestyle of P. gingivalis in subgingival areas and its effects on the pathogenesis of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akito Sakanaka
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroki Takeuchi
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masae Kuboniwa
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Atsuo Amano
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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Dittmann C, Doueiri S, Kluge R, Dommisch H, Gaber T, Pischon N. Porphyromonas gingivalisSuppresses Differentiation and Increases Apoptosis of Osteoblasts From New Zealand Obese Mice. J Periodontol 2015; 86:1095-102. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2015.150032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Abstract
Oral colonising bacteria are highly adapted to the various environmental niches harboured within the mouth, whether that means while contributing to one of the major oral diseases of caries, pulp infections, or gingival/periodontal disease or as part of a commensal lifestyle. Key to these infections is the ability to adhere to surfaces via a range of specialised adhesins targeted at both salivary and epithelial proteins, their glycans and to form biofilm. They must also resist the various physical stressors they are subjected to, including pH and oxidative stress. Possibly most strikingly, they have developed the ability to harvest both nutrient sources provided by the diet and those derived from the host, such as protein and surface glycans. We have attempted to review recent developments that have revealed much about the molecular mechanisms at work in shaping the physiology of oral bacteria and how we might use this information to design and implement new treatment strategies.
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19
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TNF-α augmented Porphyromonas gingivalis invasion in human gingival epithelial cells through Rab5 and ICAM-1. BMC Microbiol 2014; 14:229. [PMID: 25179218 PMCID: PMC4159534 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-014-0229-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) plays a central role in the initiation and maintenance of immune responses to periodontopathic bacteria. However, excess TNF-α leads to dysregulated immune responses and progression of periodontitis. Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) invades gingival epithelial cells and then multiplies and survives for a long period. Additionally, increment of TNF-α in periodontal sites is associated with a high prevalence of gram-negative anaerobes such as P. gingivalis. However, it has not been determined whether TNF-α affects invasion of P. gingivalis in periodontal tissues. Results We examined the effect of TNF-α on invasion of P. gingivalis in gingival epithelial cells and clarified the mechanism by which TNF-α augments invasion of P. gingivalis. Invasion of P. gingivalis into Ca9-22 cells was augmented by stimulation with TNF-α and it was inhibited by treatment with an antibody to TNF receptor-1. TNF-α increased production of ICAM-1, and P. gingivalis invasion was inhibited by an antibody to ICAM-1 in Ca9-22 cells. Silencing of Rab5 mRNA inhibited P. gingivalis invasion. Furthermore, the JNK inhibitor SP600125 inhibited invasion of P. gingivalis and also decreased the active form of Rab5 in Ca9-22 cells. Conclusion TNF-α augments invasion of P. gingivalis in human gingival epithelial cells through increment of ICAM-1 and activation of Rab5. These phenomena may contribute to persistent infection of P. ginigvalis and prolongation of immune responses in periodontal tissues. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12866-014-0229-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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20
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Zhang W, Ju J, Rigney T, Tribble G. Porphyromonas gingivalis infection increases osteoclastic bone resorption and osteoblastic bone formation in a periodontitis mouse model. BMC Oral Health 2014; 14:89. [PMID: 25027664 PMCID: PMC4108595 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6831-14-89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Porphyromonas gingivalis has been shown to invade osteoblasts and inhibit their differentiation and mineralization in vitro. However, it is unclear if P. gingivalis can invade osteoblasts in vivo and how this would affect alveolar osteoblast/osteoclast dynamics. This study aims to answer these questions using a periodontitis mouse model under repetitive P. gingivalis inoculations. Methods For 3-month-old BALB/cByJ female mice, 109 CFU of P. gingivalis were inoculated onto the gingival margin of maxillary molars 4 times at 2-day intervals. After 2 weeks, another 4 inoculations at 2-day intervals were applied. Calcein was injected 7 and 2 days before sacrificing animals to label the newly formed bone. Four weeks after final inoculation, mice were sacrificed and maxilla collected. Immunohistochemistry, micro-CT, and bone histomorphometry were performed on the specimens. Sham infection with only vehicle was the control. Results P. gingivalis was found to invade gingival epithelia, periodontal ligament fibroblasts, and alveolar osteoblasts. Micro-CT showed alveolar bone resorption and significant reduction of bone mineral density and content in the infected mice compared to the controls. Bone histomorphometry showed a decrease in osteoblasts, an increase in osteoclasts and bone resorption, and a surprisingly increased osteoblastic bone formation in the infected mice compared to the controls. Conclusions P. gingivalis invades alveolar osteoblasts in the periodontitis mouse model and cause alveolar bone loss. Although P. gingivalis appears to suppress osteoblast pool and enhance osteoclastic bone resorption, the bone formation capacity is temporarily elevated in the infected mice, possibly via some anti-microbial compensational mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjian Zhang
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, 7500 Cambridge Street, Suite 5366, Houston 77054, TX, USA.
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Ghimire N, Luo J, Tang R, Sun Y, Deng Y. Novel anti-infective activities of chitosan immobilized titanium surface with enhanced osteogenic properties. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2014; 122:126-133. [PMID: 25033432 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2014.06.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Revised: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
We have covalently immobilized chitosan onto a titanium (Ti) surface to manage implant-related infection and poor osseointegration, two of the major complications of orthopedic implants. The Ti surface was first treated with sulfuric acid (SA) and then covalently grafted with chitosan. Surface roughness, contact angle and surface zeta potential of the samples were markedly increased by the sulfuric acid treatment and the subsequent chitosan immobilization. The chitosan-immobilized Ti (SA-CS-Ti) showed two novel antimicrobial roles: it (a) prevented the invasion and internalization of bacteria into the osteoblast-like cells, and (b) significantly increased the susceptibility of adherent bacteria to antibiotics. In addition, the sulfuric acid-treated Ti (SA-Ti) and SA-CS-Ti led to significantly increased (P<0.05) osteoblast-like cell attachment, enhanced cell proliferation, and better osteogenic differentiation and mineralization of osteoblast-like cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niranjan Ghimire
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of South Dakota, 4800 North Career Avenue, Sioux Falls, SD 57107, USA
| | - Jie Luo
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Massachusetts, One University Avenue, Lowell, MA 01854, USA
| | - Ruogu Tang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Massachusetts, One University Avenue, Lowell, MA 01854, USA
| | - Yuyu Sun
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Massachusetts, One University Avenue, Lowell, MA 01854, USA.
| | - Ying Deng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of South Dakota, 4800 North Career Avenue, Sioux Falls, SD 57107, USA.
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Larjava H, Koivisto L, Heino J, Häkkinen L. Integrins in periodontal disease. Exp Cell Res 2014; 325:104-10. [PMID: 24662197 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2014.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Revised: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cell surface integrin receptors mediate cell adhesion, migration and cellular signaling in all nucleated cells. They are activated by binding to extracellular ligands or by intracellular proteins, such as kindlins that engage with their cytoplasmic tails. Cells in the periodontal tissues express several integrins with overlapping ligand-binding capabilities. A distinct phenotype in the periodontium has only been described for knockouts or mutations of three integrin subunits, α11, β6 and β2. Integrin α11β1 appears to have some regulatory function in the periodontal ligament of continuously erupting incisors in mice. Integrin αvβ6 is expressed in the junctional epithelium (JE) of the gingiva. Animals deficient in this receptor develop classical signs of periodontal disease, including inflammation, apical migration of the JE and bone loss, suggesting that it plays a role in the regulation of periodontal inflmmation, likely through activation of transforming growth factor-β1. Lack of integrin activation in the JE is also associated with periodontitis. Patients with kindlin-1 mutations have severe early-onset periodontal disease. Finally, patients with mutations in the leukocyte-specific β2 integrin subunit have severe periodontal problems due to lack of transiting neutrophils in the periodontal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannu Larjava
- Laboratory of Periodontal Biology, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, 2199 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z3.
| | - Leeni Koivisto
- Laboratory of Periodontal Biology, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, 2199 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z3
| | - Jyrki Heino
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Lari Häkkinen
- Laboratory of Periodontal Biology, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, 2199 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z3
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Marriott I. Apoptosis-associated uncoupling of bone formation and resorption in osteomyelitis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2013; 3:101. [PMID: 24392356 PMCID: PMC3867676 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2013.00101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying the destruction of bone tissue in osteomyelitis are only now being elucidated. While some of the tissue damage associated with osteomyelitis likely results from the direct actions of bacteria and infiltrating leukocytes, perhaps exacerbated by bacterial manipulation of leukocyte survival pathways, infection-induced bone loss predominantly results from an uncoupling of the activities of osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Bacteria or their products can directly increase osteoclast formation and activity, and the inflammatory milieu at sites of infection can further promote bone resorption. In addition, osteoclast activity is critically regulated by osteoblasts that can respond to bacterial pathogens and foster both inflammation and osteoclastogenesis. Importantly, bone loss during osteomyelitis is also brought about by a decline in new bone deposition due to decreased bone matrix synthesis and by increased rates of osteoblast apoptosis. Extracellular bacterial components may be sufficient to reduce osteoblast viability, but the causative agents of osteomyelitis are also capable of inducing continuous apoptosis of these cells by activating intrinsic and extrinsic cell death pathways to further uncouple bone formation and resorption. Interestingly, bacterial internalization appears to be required for maximal osteoblast apoptosis, and cytosolic inflammasome activation may act in concert with autocrine/paracrine death receptor-ligand signaling to induce cell death. The manipulation of apoptotic pathways in infected bone cells could be an attractive new means to limit inflammatory damage in osteomyelitis. However, the mechanism that is the most important in bacterium-induced bone loss has not yet been identified. Furthermore, it remains to be determined whether the host would be best served by preventing osteoblast cell death or by promoting apoptosis in infected cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Marriott
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Charlotte Charlotte, NC, USA
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Nagano K. FimA Fimbriae of the Periodontal Disease-associated Bacterium Porphyromonas gingivalis. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2013; 133:963-74. [DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.13-00177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keiji Nagano
- Department of Microbiology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University
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Periodontal disease: linking the primary inflammation to bone loss. Clin Dev Immunol 2013; 2013:503754. [PMID: 23762091 PMCID: PMC3676984 DOI: 10.1155/2013/503754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Periodontal disease (PD), or periodontitis, is defined as a bacterially induced disease of the tooth-supporting (periodontal) tissues. It is characterized by inflammation and bone loss; therefore understanding how they are linked would help to address the most efficacious therapeutic approach. Bacterial infection is the primary etiology but is not sufficient to induce the disease initiation or progression. Indeed, bacteria-derived factors stimulate a local inflammatory reaction and activation of the innate immune system. The innate response involves the recognition of microbial components by host cells, and this event is mediated by toll-like receptors (TLRs) expressed by resident cells and leukocytes. Activation of these cells leads to the release of proinflammatory cytokines and recruitment of phagocytes and lymphocytes. Activation of T and B cells initiates the adaptive immunity with Th1 Th2 Th17 Treg response and antibodies production respectively. In this inflammatory scenario, cytokines involved in bone regulation and maintenance have considerable relevance because tissue destruction is believed to be the consequence of host inflammatory response to the bacterial challenge. In the present review, we summarize host factors including cell populations, cytokines, and mechanisms involved in the destruction of the supporting tissues of the tooth and discuss treatment perspectives based on this knowledge.
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