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Reynolds MC, Cadillo-Quiroz H. Microbial DNA sample preservation and possible artifacts for field-based research in remote tropical peatlands. J Microbiol Methods 2024; 224:106997. [PMID: 39009285 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2024.106997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Surveying bacterial and archaeal microbial communities in host and environmental studies requires the collection and storage of samples. Many studies are conducted in distant locations challenging these prerequisites. The use of preserving buffers is an important alternative when lacking access to cryopreservation, however, its effectivity for samples with challenging chemistry or samples that provide opportunities for fast bacterial or archaeal growth upon exposure to an aerobic environment, like peat samples, requires methodological assessment. Here, in combination with an identified optimal DNA extraction kit for peat soil samples, we test the application of several commercial and a homemade preservation buffer and make recommendations on the method that can most effectively preserve a microbiome reflective of the original state. In treatments with a non-optimal buffer or in the absence, we observed notable community shifts beginning as early as three days post-preservation lowering diversity and community evenness, with growth-driven artifacts from a few specific phyla. However other buffers retain a very close composition relative to the original state, and we described several metrics to understand some variation across them. Due to the chemical effects of preservation buffers, it is critical to test their compatibility and reliability to preserve the original bacterial and archaeal community in different environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark C Reynolds
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, United States; Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, United States
| | - Hinsby Cadillo-Quiroz
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, United States; Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, United States.
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2
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Sun M, Halimubieke N, Fang B, Valdebenito JO, Xu X, Sheppard SK, Székely T, Zhang T, He S, Lu R, Ward S, Urrutia AO, Liu Y. Gut microbiome in two high-altitude bird populations showed heterogeneity in sex and life stage. FEMS MICROBES 2024; 5:xtae020. [PMID: 39385800 PMCID: PMC11462087 DOI: 10.1093/femsmc/xtae020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 10/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiotas have important impacts on host health, reproductive success, and survival. While extensive research in mammals has identified the exogenous (e.g. environment) and endogenous (e.g. phylogeny, sex, and age) factors that shape the gut microbiota composition and functionality, yet avian systems remain comparatively less understood. Shorebirds, characterized by a well-resolved phylogeny and diverse life-history traits, present an ideal model for dissecting the factors modulating gut microbiota dynamics. Here, we provide an insight into the composition of gut microbiota in two high-altitude (ca. 3200 m above sea level) breeding populations of Kentish plover (Charadrius alexandrinus) and Tibetan sand plover (Charadrius altrifrons) in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, China. By analysing faecal bacterial communities using 16S rRNA sequencing technology, we find a convergence in gut microbial communities between the two species, dominated by Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Bacteroidetes. This suggests that the shared breeding environment potentially acts as a significant determinant shaping their gut microbiota. We also show sex- and age-specific patterns of gut microbiota: female adults maintain a higher diversity than males, and juveniles are enriched in Rhizobiaceae and Exiguobacterium due to their vegetative food resource. Our study not only provides a comprehensive descriptive information for future investigations on the diversity, functionality, and determinants of avian microbiomes, but also underscores the importance of microbial communities in broader ecological contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingwan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences/School of Ecology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- Milner Centre for Evolution, Department of Life Science, University of Bath, Bath BA27AY, United Kingdom
| | - Naerhulan Halimubieke
- Milner Centre for Evolution, Department of Life Science, University of Bath, Bath BA27AY, United Kingdom
- Department of Anthropology, University College London, London WC1H 0BW, United Kingdom
| | - Baozhu Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences/School of Ecology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - José O Valdebenito
- Milner Centre for Evolution, Department of Life Science, University of Bath, Bath BA27AY, United Kingdom
- Bird Ecology Lab, Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Independencia 631, Valdivia 5110566, Chile
- Instituto Milenio Biodiversidad de Ecosistemas Antárticos y Subantárticos (BASE), Santiago 8331150, Chile
| | - Xieyang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences/School of Ecology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Samuel K Sheppard
- Ineos Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, United Kingdom
| | - Tamás Székely
- Milner Centre for Evolution, Department of Life Science, University of Bath, Bath BA27AY, United Kingdom
- Department of Evolutionary Zoology and Human Biology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen 4032, Hungary
| | - Tongzuo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Ecological Genomics, Xining 810008, China
| | - Shunfu He
- Xining National Terrestrial Wildlife Epidemic Monitoring Station, Xining 810008, China
| | - Rong Lu
- Xining National Terrestrial Wildlife Epidemic Monitoring Station, Xining 810008, China
| | - Stephen Ward
- Department of Life Science, University of Bath, Bath BA27AY, United Kingdom
| | - Araxi O Urrutia
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences/School of Ecology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences/School of Ecology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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Pourafshar S, Sharma B, Allen J, Hoang M, Lee H, Dressman H, Tyson CC, Mallawaarachchi I, Kumar P, Ma JZ, Lin PH, Scialla JJ. Longitudinal Pilot Evaluation of the Gut Microbiota Comparing Patients With and Without Chronic Kidney Disease. J Ren Nutr 2024; 34:302-312. [PMID: 38286361 DOI: 10.1053/j.jrn.2024.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The gut microbiota contributes to metabolic diseases, such as diabetes and hypertension, but is poorly characterized in chronic kidney disease (CKD). DESIGN AND METHODS We enrolled 24 adults within household pairs, in which at least one member had self-reported kidney disease, diabetes, or hypertension. CKD was classified based on estimated glomerular filtration rate < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 or urine-albumin-to-creatinine ratio of ≥ 30 mg/g. Participants collected stool and dietary recalls seasonally over a year. Gut microbiota was characterized using 16s rRNA and metagenomic sequencing. RESULTS Ten participants had CKD (42%) with a median (interquartile range) estimated glomerular filtration rate of 49 (44, 54) mL/min/1.73 m2. By 16s rRNA sequencing, there was moderate to high intraclass correlation (ICC = 0.63) for seasonal alpha diversity (Shannon index) within individuals and modest differences by season (P < .01). ICC was lower with metagenomics, which has resolution at the species level (ICC = 0.26). There were no differences in alpha or beta diversity by CKD with either method. Among 79 genera, Frisingicoccus, Tuzzerella, Faecalitalea, and Lachnoclostridium had lower abundance in CKD, while Collinsella, Lachnospiraceae_ND3007, Veillonella, and Erysipelotrichaceae_UCG_003 were more abundant in CKD (each nominal P < .05) using 16s rRNA sequencing. Higher Collinsella and Veillonella and lower Lachnoclostridium in CKD were also identified by metagenomics. By metagenomics, Coprococcus catus and Bacteroides stercoris were more and less abundant in CKD, respectively, at false discovery rate corrected P = .02. CONCLUSIONS We identified candidate taxa in the gut microbiota associated with CKD. High ICC in individuals with modest seasonal impacts implies that follow-up studies may use less frequent sampling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Pourafshar
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Binu Sharma
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Jenifer Allen
- Duke Clinical & Translational Science Institute, TransPop Group, Kannapolis, North Carolina
| | - Madeleine Hoang
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Hannah Lee
- College of Arts and Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Holly Dressman
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Crystal C Tyson
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Indika Mallawaarachchi
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Pankaj Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Jennie Z Ma
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Pao-Hwa Lin
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Julia J Scialla
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia; Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia.
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Ma X, Brinker E, Lea CR, Delmain D, Chamorro ED, Martin DR, Graff EC, Wang X. Evaluation of fecal sample collection methods for feline gut microbiome profiling: fecal loop vs. litter box. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1337917. [PMID: 38800749 PMCID: PMC11127567 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1337917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Microbial population structures within fecal samples are vital for disease screening, diagnosis, and gut microbiome research. The two primary methods for collecting feline fecal samples are: (1) using a fecal loop, which retrieves a rectal sample using a small, looped instrument, and (2) using the litter box, which collects stool directly from the litter. Each method has its own advantages and disadvantages and is suitable for different research objectives. Methods and results Whole-genome shotgun metagenomic sequencing were performed on the gut microbiomes of fecal samples collected using these two methods from 10 adult cats housed in the same research facility. We evaluated the influence of collection methods on feline microbiome analysis, particularly their impact on DNA extraction, metagenomic sequencing yield, microbial composition, and diversity in subsequent gut microbiome analyses. Interestingly, fecal sample collection using a fecal loop resulted in a lower yield of microbial DNA compared to the litterbox method (p = 0.004). However, there were no significant differences between the two groups in the proportion of host contamination (p = 0.106), virus contamination (p = 0.232), relative taxonomy abundance of top five phyla (Padj > 0.638), or the number of microbial genes covered (p = 0.770). Furthermore, no significant differences were observed in alpha-diversity, beta-diversity, the number of taxa identified at each taxonomic level, and the relative abundance of taxonomic units. Discussion These two sample collection methods do not affect microbial population structures within fecal samples and collecting fecal samples directly from the litterbox within 6 hours after defecation can be considered a reliable approach for microbiome research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Ma
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Emily Brinker
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, MA, United States
| | - Christopher R. Lea
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Diane Delmain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Erin D. Chamorro
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Douglas R. Martin
- Scott-Ritchey Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Emily C. Graff
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
- Scott-Ritchey Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
- Scott-Ritchey Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
- Center for Advanced Science, Innovation, and Commerce, Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station, Auburn, AL, United States
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, United States
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Zhai X, Castro-Mejía JL, Gobbi A, Aslampaloglou A, Kot W, Nielsen DS, Deng L. The impact of storage buffer and storage conditions on fecal samples for bacteriophage infectivity and metavirome analyses. MICROBIOME 2023; 11:193. [PMID: 37635262 PMCID: PMC10463696 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-023-01632-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is an increasing interest in investigating the human gut virome for its influence on the gut bacterial community and its putative influence on the trajectory towards health or disease. Most gut virome studies are based on sequencing of stored fecal samples. However, relatively little is known about how conventional storage buffers and storage conditions affect the infectivity of bacteriophages and influence the downstream metavirome sequencing. RESULTS We demonstrate that the infectivity and genome recovery rate of different spiked bacteriophages (T4, c2 and Phi X174) are variable and highly dependent on storage buffers. Regardless of the storage temperature and timespan, all tested phages immediately lost 100% (DNA/RNA Shield) or more than 90% (StayRNA and RNAlater) of their infectivity. Generally, in SM buffer at 4 °C phage infectivity was preserved for up to 30 days and phage DNA integrity was maintained for up to 100 days. While in CANVAX, the most effective buffer, all spiked phage genomes were preserved for at least 100 days. Prolonged storage time (500 days) at - 80 °C impacted viral diversity differently in the different buffers. Samples stored in CANVAX or DNA/RNA Shield buffer had the least shifts in metavirome composition, after prolonged storage, but they yielded more contigs classified as "uncharacterised". Moreover, in contrast to the SM buffer, these storage buffers yielded a higher fraction of bacterial DNA in metavirome-sequencing libraries. We demonstrated that the latter was due to inactivation of the DNases employed to remove extra-cellular DNA during virome extraction. The latter could be partly avoided by employing additional washing steps prior to virome extraction. CONCLUSION Fecal sample storage buffers and storage conditions (time and temperature) strongly influence bacteriophage infectivity and viral composition as determined by plaque assay and metavirome sequencing. The choice of buffer had a larger effect than storage temperature and storage time on the quality of the viral sequences and analyses. Based on these results, we recommend storage of fecal virome samples at in SM buffer at 4 °C for the isolation of viruses and at - 80 °C for metagenomic applications if practically feasible (i.e., access to cold storage). For fecal samples stored in other buffers, samples should be cleared of these buffers before viral extraction and sequencing. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xichuan Zhai
- Section of Microbiology and Fermentation, Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Josué L Castro-Mejía
- Section of Microbiology and Fermentation, Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Alex Gobbi
- Section of Microbial Ecology and Biotechnology, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Antonios Aslampaloglou
- Section of Microbiology and Fermentation, Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Witold Kot
- Section of Microbial Ecology and Biotechnology, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Dennis S Nielsen
- Section of Microbiology and Fermentation, Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Ling Deng
- Section of Microbiology and Fermentation, Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
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Li XM, Shi X, Yao Y, Shen YC, Wu XL, Cai T, Liang LX, Wang F. Effects of Stool Sample Preservation Methods on Gut Microbiota Biodiversity: New Original Data and Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0429722. [PMID: 37093040 PMCID: PMC10269478 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04297-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we aimed to compare the effects of different preservation methods on outcomes of fecal microbiota. We evaluated the effects of different preservation methods using stool sample preservation experiments for up to 1 year. The stool samples from feces of healthy volunteers were grouped based on whether absolute ethanol was added and whether they were hypothermically preserved. Besides, we performed a systematic review to combine current fecal microbiota preservation evidence. We found that Proteobacteria changed significantly and Veillonellaceae decreased significantly in the 12th month in the room temperature + absolute ethanol group. The four cryopreservation groups have more similarities with fresh sample in the 12 months; however, different cryopreservation methods have different effects on several phyla, families, and genera. A systematic review showed that the Shannon diversity and Simpson index of samples stored in RNAlater for 1 month were not statistically significant compared with those stored immediately at -80°C (P = 0.220 and P = 0.123, respectively). The -80°C refrigerator and liquid nitrogen cryopreservation with 10% glycerine can both maintain stable microbiota of stool samples for long-term preservation. The addition of absolute ethanol to cryopreserved samples had no significant difference in the effect of preserving fecal microbial characteristics. Our study provides empirical insights into preservation details for future studies of the long-term preservation of fecal microbiota. Systematic review and meta-analysis found that the gut microbiota structure, composition, and diversity of samples preserved by storage methods, such as preservation solution, are relatively stable, which were suitable for short-term storage at room temperature. IMPORTANCE The study of gut bacteria has become increasingly popular, and fecal sample preservation methods and times need to be standardized. Here, we detail a 12-month study of fecal sample preservation, and our study provides an empirical reference about experimental details for long-term high-quality storage of fecal samples in the field of gut microbiology research. The results showed that the combination of -80°C/liquid nitrogen deep cryopreservation and 10% glycerol was the most effective method for the preservation of stool samples, which is suitable for long-term storage for at least 12 months. The addition of anhydrous ethanol to the deep cryopreserved samples did not make a significant difference in the preservation of fecal microbiological characteristics. Combined with the results of systematic reviews and meta-analyses, we believe that, when researchers preserve fecal specimens, it is essential to select the proper preservation method and time period in accordance with the goal of the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-meng Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Non-resolving Inflammation and Cancer, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiao Shi
- Department of Dermatology, Anhui Provincial Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yao Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhangjiajie People’s Hospital, Zhangjiajie, Hunan, China
| | - Yi-cun Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Non-resolving Inflammation and Cancer, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiang-ling Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Non-resolving Inflammation and Cancer, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ting Cai
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Non-resolving Inflammation and Cancer, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lun-xi Liang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Non-resolving Inflammation and Cancer, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, China
| | - Fen Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Non-resolving Inflammation and Cancer, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Scott E, Brewer MS, Peralta AL, Issa FA. The Effects of Social Experience on Host Gut Microbiome in Male Zebrafish ( Danio rerio). THE BIOLOGICAL BULLETIN 2023; 244:177-189. [PMID: 38457676 DOI: 10.1086/729377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
AbstractAlthough the gut and the brain vastly differ in physiological function, they have been interlinked in a variety of different neurological and behavioral disorders. The bacteria that comprise the gut microbiome communicate and influence the function of various physiological processes within the body, including nervous system function. However, the effects of social experience in the context of dominance and social stress on gut microbiome remain poorly understood. Here, we examined whether social experience impacts the host zebrafish (Danio rerio) gut microbiome. We studied how social dominance during the first 2 weeks of social interactions changed the composition of zebrafish gut microbiome by comparing gut bacterial composition, diversity, and relative abundance between socially dominant, submissive, social isolates and control group-housed communal fish. Using amplicon sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene, we report that social dominance significantly affects host gut bacterial community composition but not bacterial diversity. At the genus level, Aeromonas and unclassified Enterobacteriaceae relative abundance decreased in dominant individuals while commensal bacteria (e.g., Exiguobacterium and Cetobacterium) increased in relative abundance. Conversely, the relative abundance of Psychrobacter and Acinetobacter was increased in subordinates, isolates, and communal fish compared to dominant fish. The shift in commensal and pathogenic bacteria highlights the impact of social experience and the accompanying stress on gut microbiome, with potentially similar effects in other social organisms.
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Joakim RL, Irham M, Haryoko T, Rowe KMC, Dalimunthe Y, Anita S, Achmadi AS, McGuire JA, Perkins S, Bowie RCK. Geography and elevation as drivers of cloacal microbiome assemblages of a passerine bird distributed across Sulawesi, Indonesia. Anim Microbiome 2023; 5:4. [PMID: 36647179 PMCID: PMC9841722 DOI: 10.1186/s42523-022-00219-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Empirical field studies allow us to view how ecological and environmental processes shape the biodiversity of our planet, but collecting samples in situ creates inherent challenges. The majority of empirical vertebrate gut microbiome research compares multiple host species against abiotic and biotic factors, increasing the potential for confounding environmental variables. To minimize these confounding factors, we focus on a single species of passerine bird found throughout the geologically complex island of Sulawesi, Indonesia. We assessed the effects of two environmental factors, geographic Areas of Endemism (AOEs) and elevation, as well as host sex on the gut microbiota assemblages of the Sulawesi Babbler, Pellorneum celebense, from three different mountains across the island. Using cloacal swabs, high-throughput-amplicon sequencing, and multiple statistical models, we identified the core microbiome and determined the signal of these three factors on microbial composition. RESULTS The five most prevalent bacterial phyla within the gut microbiome of P. celebense were Proteobacteria (32.6%), Actinobacteria (25.2%), Firmicutes (22.1%), Bacteroidetes (8.7%), and Plantomycetes (2.6%). These results are similar to those identified in prior studies of passeriform microbiomes. Overall, microbiota diversity decreased as elevation increased, irrespective of sex or AOE. A single ASV of Clostridium was enriched in higher elevation samples, while lower elevation samples were enriched with the genera Perlucidibaca (Family Moraxellaceae), Lachnoclostridium (Family Lachnospiraceae), and an unidentified species in the Family Pseudonocardiaceae. CONCLUSIONS While the core microbiota families recovered here are consistent with other passerine studies, the decreases in diversity as elevation increases has only been seen in non-avian hosts. Additionally, the increased abundance of Clostridium at high elevations suggests a potential microbial response to lower oxygen levels. This study emphasizes the importance of incorporating multiple statistical models and abiotic factors such as elevation in empirical microbiome research, and is the first to describe an avian gut microbiome from the island of Sulawesi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael L Joakim
- Department of Biology, The City College of New York, 160 Convent Avenue, New York, NY, 10031, USA.
- The Graduate Center of The City University of New York, Biology Program, 365 5Th Ave, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
- Sackler Institute for Comparative Genomics, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, 10024, USA.
- The Richard Gilder Graduate School, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, 10024, USA.
| | - Mohammad Irham
- Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense, Research Centre for Biology, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. Raya Jakarta - Bogor Km 46, Cibinong, 16911, Indonesia
| | - Tri Haryoko
- Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense, Research Centre for Biology, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. Raya Jakarta - Bogor Km 46, Cibinong, 16911, Indonesia
| | - Karen M C Rowe
- Sciences Department, Museums Victoria, Carlton, VIC, Australia
- BioSciences Department, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Yohanna Dalimunthe
- Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense, Research Centre for Biology, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. Raya Jakarta - Bogor Km 46, Cibinong, 16911, Indonesia
| | - Syahfitri Anita
- Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense, Research Centre for Biology, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. Raya Jakarta - Bogor Km 46, Cibinong, 16911, Indonesia
| | - Anang S Achmadi
- Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense, Research Centre for Biology, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. Raya Jakarta - Bogor Km 46, Cibinong, 16911, Indonesia
| | - Jimmy A McGuire
- Museum of Vertebrate Zoology and Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Susan Perkins
- Department of Biology, The City College of New York, 160 Convent Avenue, New York, NY, 10031, USA
- The Graduate Center of The City University of New York, Biology Program, 365 5Th Ave, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Rauri C K Bowie
- Museum of Vertebrate Zoology and Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
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Bolt Botnen A, Bjørnsen MB, Alberdi A, Gilbert MTP, Aizpurua O. A simplified protocol for DNA extraction from FTA cards for faecal microbiome studies. Heliyon 2023; 9:e12861. [PMID: 36699263 PMCID: PMC9868478 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e12861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
As metagenomic studies continue to increase in size and complexity, they are often required to incorporate data from geographically isolated locations or longitudinal time samples. This represents a technical challenge, given that many of the commonly used methods used for sample collection, storage, and DNA extraction are sensitive to differences related to the time, storage and chemistry involved. FTA cards have been previously proposed as a simple, reliable and cost-efficient method for the preservation of animal faecal microbiomes. In this study, we report a simplified extraction methodology for recovering microbiome DNA from faeces stored on FTA cards and compare its performance to a common alternative means of characterising such microbiomes; namely, immediate freezing of the faeces followed by DNA extraction using the Qiagen PowerSoil DNA isolation kit. Our results show that overall the application of our simplified DNA extraction methodology yields microbial community results that have higher diversity and an expanded core microbiome than that found using the PowerSoil methodology. This suggests that the FTA card extraction method presented here is a viable alternative for metagenomic studies using faecal material when traditional freeze-based storage methods are not feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Bolt Botnen
- Center for Evolutionary Hologenomics, The GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mads Bjørn Bjørnsen
- Center for Evolutionary Hologenomics, The GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Antton Alberdi
- Center for Evolutionary Hologenomics, The GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M Thomas P Gilbert
- Center for Evolutionary Hologenomics, The GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.,University Museum, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ostaizka Aizpurua
- Center for Evolutionary Hologenomics, The GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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10
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Combrink L, Humphreys IR, Washburn Q, Arnold HK, Stagaman K, Kasschau KD, Jolles AE, Beechler BR, Sharpton TJ. Best practice for wildlife gut microbiome research: A comprehensive review of methodology for 16S rRNA gene investigations. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1092216. [PMID: 36910202 PMCID: PMC9992432 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1092216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Extensive research in well-studied animal models underscores the importance of commensal gastrointestinal (gut) microbes to animal physiology. Gut microbes have been shown to impact dietary digestion, mediate infection, and even modify behavior and cognition. Given the large physiological and pathophysiological contribution microbes provide their host, it is reasonable to assume that the vertebrate gut microbiome may also impact the fitness, health and ecology of wildlife. In accordance with this expectation, an increasing number of investigations have considered the role of the gut microbiome in wildlife ecology, health, and conservation. To help promote the development of this nascent field, we need to dissolve the technical barriers prohibitive to performing wildlife microbiome research. The present review discusses the 16S rRNA gene microbiome research landscape, clarifying best practices in microbiome data generation and analysis, with particular emphasis on unique situations that arise during wildlife investigations. Special consideration is given to topics relevant for microbiome wildlife research from sample collection to molecular techniques for data generation, to data analysis strategies. Our hope is that this article not only calls for greater integration of microbiome analyses into wildlife ecology and health studies but provides researchers with the technical framework needed to successfully conduct such investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leigh Combrink
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States.,School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Ian R Humphreys
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Quinn Washburn
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Holly K Arnold
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Keaton Stagaman
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Kristin D Kasschau
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Anna E Jolles
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States.,Department of Integrative Biology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Brianna R Beechler
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Thomas J Sharpton
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States.,Department of Statistics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
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11
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Bous M, Tutdibi E, Nourkami-Tutdibi N, Kaiser E, Stutz R, Meyer S, Baumbach JI, Zemlin M, Goedicke-Fritz S. Patterns of volatile organic compounds in excrements of preterm neonates. Eur J Clin Invest 2023; 53:e13868. [PMID: 36062918 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As neonates are susceptible for many diseases, establishing noninvasive diagnostic methods is desirable. We hypothesized that volatile organic compounds (VOCs) could be successfully measured in diaper samples. METHODS We performed a feasibility study to investigate whether ambient air-independent headspace measurements of the VOC profiles of diapers from premature infants can be conducted using ion mobility spectrometer coupled with multi-capillary columns (B & S Analytik GmbH). RESULTS We analysed 39 diapers filled with stool (n = 10) or urine (n = 20) respectively, using empty diapers as a control (n = 9). A total of 158 different VOCs were identified, and we classified the content of the diapers (urine or stool) according to their VOC profiles with a significance level of p < 0.05. CONCLUSIONS We have developed a novel method to study headspace VOC profiles of biosamples using ion mobility spectrometry coupled with multi-capillary columns. Using this method, we have characterized the VOC profiles of stool and urine of preterm neonates. Future studies are warranted to characterize specific VOC profiles in infections and other diseases of the preterm neonate, thus establishing quick and noninvasive diagnostics in the routine care of the highly vulnerable preterm and term neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Bous
- Department of General Pediatrics and Neonatology, Saarland University Medical School, Homburg, Germany
| | - Erol Tutdibi
- Department of General Pediatrics and Neonatology, Saarland University Medical School, Homburg, Germany
| | - Nasenien Nourkami-Tutdibi
- Department of General Pediatrics and Neonatology, Saarland University Medical School, Homburg, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Kaiser
- Department of General Pediatrics and Neonatology, Saarland University Medical School, Homburg, Germany
| | - Regine Stutz
- Department of General Pediatrics and Neonatology, Saarland University Medical School, Homburg, Germany
| | - Sascha Meyer
- Department of General Pediatrics and Neonatology, Saarland University Medical School, Homburg, Germany
| | - Jörg Ingo Baumbach
- Department Bio- and Chemical Engineering, Technical University Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Michael Zemlin
- Department of General Pediatrics and Neonatology, Saarland University Medical School, Homburg, Germany
| | - Sybelle Goedicke-Fritz
- Department of General Pediatrics and Neonatology, Saarland University Medical School, Homburg, Germany
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12
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Results of a Clinical Trial Showing Changes to the Faecal Microbiome in Racing Thoroughbreds after Feeding a Nutritional Supplement. Vet Sci 2022; 10:vetsci10010027. [PMID: 36669028 PMCID: PMC9861731 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10010027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has been used to evaluate the effect of various interventions on the equine microbiome. The aim of this randomised blinded clinical trial was to determine if a prebiotic nutritional supplement would result in a change from baseline in the faecal microbiome composition of racing Thoroughbred horses in training being fed a high concentrate/grain-based diet to be more similar to that found in forage fed/pasture grazed horses. Thirty-two horses on one training yard were randomised to either receive the supplement or not. Faecal samples were collected at baseline, 6 and 12 weeks for NGS of the 16S ribosomal subunit gene. Twenty-two horses completed the trial, met the inclusion criteria and were included in the intention to treat analysis; 20 horses were included in the per protocol analysis. The mean and median percent decreases in Bacteroidetes, increases in Firmicutes and the Firmicutes:Bacteroidetes ratio were significantly greater than zero for the treated horses only. Supplemented horses (8/10) were more likely than control horses (2/10) to show an increase in Firmicutes of a ≥9% with ≥24% increase in Clostridia, ≥5% decrease in Bacteroidetes, ≥16% increase in the F:B ratio and ≥2% increase in Actinobacteria (RR = 4, 95% CI: 1.1-14.4, p = 0.01). This provides useful information for further investigations on long-term effects on the microbiome and on health and racing-related outcomes.
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13
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Abomoelak B, Saps M, Sudakaran S, Deb C, Mehta D. Gut Microbiome Remains Static in Functional Abdominal Pain Disorders Patients Compared to Controls: Potential for Diagnostic Tools. BIOTECH 2022; 11:biotech11040050. [PMID: 36412751 PMCID: PMC9680443 DOI: 10.3390/biotech11040050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Functional Abdominal Pain disorders (FAPDs) are a group of heterogeneous gastrointestinal disorders with unclear pathophysiology. In children, FAPDs are more common in the winter months than summer months. The possible influence of school stressors has been proposed. Previously, our group showed differences in bacterial relative abundances and alpha diversity in the gut microbiome and its relationship with stressors in a cross-sectional evaluation of children suffering from FAPDs compared to a healthy control group. We present longitudinal data to assess whether the gut microbiome changes over school terms in the control and FAPDs groups. Methods: The longitudinal study included children with FAPDs (n = 28) and healthy controls (n = 54). Gastrointestinal symptoms, as well as stool microbiome, were assessed in both groups. Stool samples were serially collected from all participants during both the school term and summer vacation. The stool samples were subjected to total genomic extraction, 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, and bioinformatics analysis. The gut microbiome was compared at school and during vacation. Other metrics, alpha diversity, and beta diversity, were also compared between the two school terms in every group. Results: In the healthy group, there were differences in microbiome composition between school terms and summer vacation. Conversely, we found no differences in the FAPDs group between the two terms. The healthy control group revealed differences (p-value < 0.05) in 55 bacterial species between the school term and vacation. Several of the differentially abundant identified bacteria were involved in short-chain fatty acids production (SCFAs), inflammation reduction, and gut homeostasis. Alpha diversity metrics, such as the Shannon index, were different in the control group and remained unchanged in the FAPDs group. Conclusion: Although preliminary, our findings suggest that the gut microbiome is static in FAPDs. This compares with a more dynamic healthy gut microbiome. Further studies are warranted to corroborate this and understand the interplay between stress, symptoms, and a less diverse and static microbiome. Future studies will also account for different variables such as diet and other patient demographic criteria that were missing in the current study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bassam Abomoelak
- Arnold Palmer Pediatric Gastroenterology Clinic, Orlando Health, Orlando, FL 32806, USA
| | - Miguel Saps
- Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Division, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | | | - Chirajyoti Deb
- Arnold Palmer Pediatric Gastroenterology Clinic, Orlando Health, Orlando, FL 32806, USA
| | - Devendra Mehta
- Arnold Palmer Pediatric Gastroenterology Clinic, Orlando Health, Orlando, FL 32806, USA
- Correspondence:
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14
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Sumithra TG, Sharma SRK, Gayathri S, Ebeneezar S, Reshma KJ, Anikuttan KK, Narasimapallavan GI, Rameshkumar P, Sakthivel M, Prabu DL, Tamilmani G, Vijayagopal P, Gopalakrishnan A. Comparative evaluation of fish larval preservation methods on microbiome profiles to aid in metagenomics research. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:4719-4735. [PMID: 35739345 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12026-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Applications of microbiome research through metagenomics promise to generate microbiome manipulation strategies for improved larval survival in aquaculture. However, existing lacunae on the effects of sample preservation methods in metagenome profiles hinder the successful application of this technique. In this context, four preservation methods were scrutinized to identify reliable methods for fish larval microbiome research. The results showed that a total of ten metagenomics metrics, including DNA yield, taxonomic and functional microbiome profiles, and diversity measures, were significantly (P < 0.05) influenced by the preservation method. Activity ranking based on the performance and reproducibility showed that three methods, namely immediate direct freezing, room temperature preservation in absolute ethanol, and preservation at - 20 °C in lysis, storage, and transportation buffer, could be recommended for larval microbiome research. Furthermore, as there was an apparent deviation of the microbiome profiles of ethanol preserved samples at room temperature, the other methods are preferred. Detailed analysis showed that this deviation was due to the bias towards Vibrionales and Rhodobacterales. The microbial taxa responsible for the dissimilarity across different methods were identified. Altogether, the paper sheds light on the preservation protocols of fish larval microbiome research for the first time. The results can help in cross-comparison of future and past larval microbiome studies. Furthermore, this is the first report on the activity ranking of preservation methods based on metagenomics metrics. Apart from methodological perspectives, the paper provides for the first time certain insights into larval microbial profiles of Rachycentron canadum, a potential marine aquaculture species. KEY POINTS: • First report on effects of preservation methods on fish larval microbiome profiles. • First report on activity ranking of preservation methods based on metagenomics metrics. • Storage methods influenced DNA yield, taxonomic and functional microbiome profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- T G Sumithra
- Marine Biotechnology, Fish Nutrition and Health Division, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (CMFRI), Post Box No. 1603, Ernakulam North P.O, Kochi, 682 018, India
| | - S R Krupesha Sharma
- Marine Biotechnology, Fish Nutrition and Health Division, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (CMFRI), Post Box No. 1603, Ernakulam North P.O, Kochi, 682 018, India.
| | - S Gayathri
- Marine Biotechnology, Fish Nutrition and Health Division, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (CMFRI), Post Box No. 1603, Ernakulam North P.O, Kochi, 682 018, India
| | - Sanal Ebeneezar
- Marine Biotechnology, Fish Nutrition and Health Division, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (CMFRI), Post Box No. 1603, Ernakulam North P.O, Kochi, 682 018, India
| | - K J Reshma
- Marine Biotechnology, Fish Nutrition and Health Division, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (CMFRI), Post Box No. 1603, Ernakulam North P.O, Kochi, 682 018, India
| | - K K Anikuttan
- Mandapam Regional Centre of ICAR-CMFRI, Marine Fisheries P.O, 623 520, Mandapam Camp, India
| | | | - P Rameshkumar
- Mandapam Regional Centre of ICAR-CMFRI, Marine Fisheries P.O, 623 520, Mandapam Camp, India
| | - M Sakthivel
- Mandapam Regional Centre of ICAR-CMFRI, Marine Fisheries P.O, 623 520, Mandapam Camp, India
| | - D Linga Prabu
- Tuticorin Regional Station of ICAR-CMFRI, South Beach Road, 628 001, Tuticorin, India
| | - G Tamilmani
- Mandapam Regional Centre of ICAR-CMFRI, Marine Fisheries P.O, 623 520, Mandapam Camp, India
| | - P Vijayagopal
- Marine Biotechnology, Fish Nutrition and Health Division, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (CMFRI), Post Box No. 1603, Ernakulam North P.O, Kochi, 682 018, India
| | - A Gopalakrishnan
- Marine Biotechnology, Fish Nutrition and Health Division, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (CMFRI), Post Box No. 1603, Ernakulam North P.O, Kochi, 682 018, India
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15
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The standardisation of the approach to metagenomic human gut analysis: from sample collection to microbiome profiling. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8470. [PMID: 35589762 PMCID: PMC9120454 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12037-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the number of metagenomic studies increased significantly. Wide range of factors, including the tremendous community complexity and variability, is contributing to the challenge in reliable microbiome community profiling. Many approaches have been proposed to overcome these problems making hardly possible to compare results of different studies. The significant differences between procedures used in metagenomic research are reflected in a variation of the obtained results. This calls for the need for standardisation of the procedure, to reduce the confounding factors originating from DNA isolation, sequencing and bioinformatics analyses in order to ensure that the differences in microbiome composition are of a true biological origin. Although the best practices for metagenomics studies have been the topic of several publications and the main aim of the International Human Microbiome Standard (IHMS) project, standardisation of the procedure for generating and analysing metagenomic data is still far from being achieved. To highlight the difficulties in the standardisation of metagenomics methods, we thoroughly examined each step of the analysis of the human gut microbiome. We tested the DNA isolation procedure, preparation of NGS libraries for next-generation sequencing, and bioinformatics analysis, aimed at identifying microbial taxa. We showed that the homogenisation time is the leading factor impacting sample diversity, with the recommendation for a shorter homogenisation time (10 min). Ten minutes of homogenisation allows for better reflection of the bacteria gram-positive/gram-negative ratio, and the obtained results are the least heterogenous in terms of beta-diversity of samples microbial composition. Besides increasing the homogenisation time, we observed further potential impact of the library preparation kit on the gut microbiome profiling. Moreover, our analysis revealed that the choice of the library preparation kit influences the reproducibility of the results, which is an important factor that has to be taken into account in every experiment. In this study, a tagmentation-based kit allowed for obtaining the most reproducible results. We also considered the choice of the computational tool for determining the composition of intestinal microbiota, with Kraken2/Bracken pipeline outperforming MetaPhlAn2 in our in silico experiments. The design of an experiment and a detailed establishment of an experimental protocol may have a serious impact on determining the taxonomic profile of the intestinal microbiome community. Results of our experiment can be helpful for a wide range of studies that aim to better understand the role of the gut microbiome, as well as for clinical purposes.
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16
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Furuhashi H, Takayasu L, Isshi K, Hara Y, Ono S, Kato M, Sumiyama K, Suda W. Effect of storage temperature and flash-freezing on salivary microbiota profiles based on 16S rRNA-targeted sequencing. Eur J Oral Sci 2022; 130:e12852. [PMID: 35049092 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The sample storage environment affects gut microbial profiles as assessed using 16S rRNA sequencing. However, the influence of storage condition on human salivary microbial profiles has not been well characterized. Here, we performed an observational study to assess the robustness of microbiota profiles in three different storage environments (-80°C after flash-freezing, -80°C, and -15°C; all for 14 days) compared to immediate DNA extraction using the MiSeq Illumina platform. Notably, the 16S rRNA V1-V2 region amplicon sequencing revealed no difference in microbiota profiles between the immediate extraction and each of three storage conditions. An almost perfect correlation was shown between the immediate extraction and the -15°C storage group for relative abundance at the genus and operational taxonomic unit levels. The intraindividual UniFrac distances among storage methods were significantly shorter than those of interindividual distances. None of the amount of extracted DNA, the α-diversity indices, or the relative abundance at the phylum/genus/operational taxonomic unit level differed among storage methods. These findings indicate that a storage temperature of -15°C without flash-freezing may be optimal in terms of cost advantage and simplicity in 16S rRNA sequencing-based salivary microbial research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroto Furuhashi
- Department of Endoscopy, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Lena Takayasu
- Laboratory for Microbiome Sciences, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kimio Isshi
- Department of Endoscopy, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Hara
- Department of Endoscopy, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shingo Ono
- Department of Endoscopy, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Kato
- Department of Endoscopy, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuki Sumiyama
- Department of Endoscopy, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wataru Suda
- Laboratory for Microbiome Sciences, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
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17
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Plauzolles A, Toumi E, Bonnet M, Pénaranda G, Bidaut G, Chiche L, Allardet-Servent J, Retornaz F, Goutorbe B, Halfon P. Human Stool Preservation Impacts Taxonomic Profiles in 16S Metagenomics Studies. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:722886. [PMID: 35211421 PMCID: PMC8860989 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.722886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbiotas play critical roles in human health, yet in most cases scientists lack standardized and reproducible methods from collection and preservation of samples, as well as the choice of omic analysis, up to the data processing. To date, stool sample preservation remains a source of technological bias in metagenomic sequencing, despite newly developed storage solutions. Here, we conducted a comparative study of 10 storage methods for human stool over a 14-day period of storage at fluctuating temperatures. We first compared the performance of each stabilizer with observed bacterial composition variation within the same specimen. Then, we identified the nature of the observed variations to determine which bacterial populations were more impacted by the stabilizer. We found that DNA stabilizers display various stabilizing efficacies and affect the recovered bacterial profiles thus highlighting that some solutions are more performant in preserving the true gut microbial community. Furthermore, our results showed that the bias associated with the stabilizers can be linked to the phenotypical traits of the bacterial populations present in the studied samples. Although newly developed storage solutions have improved our capacity to stabilize stool microbial content over time, they are nevertheless not devoid of biases hence requiring the implantation of standard operating procedures. Acknowledging the biases and limitations of the implemented method is key to better interpret and support true associated microbiome patterns that will then lead us towards personalized medicine, in which the microbiota profile could constitute a reliable tool for clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Plauzolles
- Clinical Research and R&D Department, Laboratoire Européen Alphabio, Marseille, France
- *Correspondence: Anne Plauzolles,
| | - Eya Toumi
- Clinical Research and R&D Department, Laboratoire Européen Alphabio, Marseille, France
- MEPHI, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Marion Bonnet
- Clinical Research and R&D Department, Laboratoire Européen Alphabio, Marseille, France
| | - Guillaume Pénaranda
- Clinical Research and R&D Department, Laboratoire Européen Alphabio, Marseille, France
| | - Ghislain Bidaut
- CRCM, Aix‐Marseille Univ U105, Inserm U1068, CNRS UMR7258, Institut Paoli‐Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Laurent Chiche
- Infectious and Internal Medicine Department, Hôpital Européen Marseille, Marseille, France
| | | | - Frédérique Retornaz
- Infectious and Internal Medicine Department, Hôpital Européen Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Benoit Goutorbe
- Clinical Research and R&D Department, Laboratoire Européen Alphabio, Marseille, France
- CRCM, Aix‐Marseille Univ U105, Inserm U1068, CNRS UMR7258, Institut Paoli‐Calmettes, Marseille, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, MaIAGE, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Philippe Halfon
- Clinical Research and R&D Department, Laboratoire Européen Alphabio, Marseille, France
- Infectious and Internal Medicine Department, Hôpital Européen Marseille, Marseille, France
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18
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Dietary Intake Mediates Ethnic Differences in Gut Microbial Composition. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030660. [PMID: 35277019 PMCID: PMC8840192 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The human gut microbiome (GM) has been observed to vary by race/ethnicity. Objective: Assess whether racial/ethnic GM variation is mediated by differences in diet. Design: Stool samples collected from 2013 to 2016 from 5267 healthy Multiethnic Cohort participants (age 59−98) were analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing to estimate the relative abundance of 152 bacterial genera. For 63 prevalent genera (>50% in each ethnic group), we analyzed the mediation of GM differences among African Americans, Japanese Americans, Latinos, Native Hawaiians, and Whites by overall diet quality (Healthy Eating Index score (HEI-2015)) and intake amounts of 14 component foods/nutrients assessed from 2003 to 2008. For each significant mediation (p < 1.3 × 10−5), we determined the percent of the total ethnicity effect on genus abundance mediated by the dietary factor. Results: Ethnic differences in the abundance of 12 genera were significantly mediated by one or more of eight dietary factors, most frequently by overall diet quality and intakes of vegetables and red meat. Lower vegetable intake mediated differences in Lachnospira (36% in African Americans, 39% in Latinos) and Ruminococcus-1 (−35% in African Americans, −43% in Latinos) compared to Native Hawaiians who consumed the highest amount. Higher red meat intake mediated differences in Lachnospira (−41%) and Ruminococcus-1 (36%) in Native Hawaiians over African Americans, who consumed the least. Dairy and alcohol intakes appeared to mediate and counterbalance the difference in Bifidobacterium between Whites and Japanese Americans. Conclusions: Overall diet quality and component food intakes may contribute to ethnic differences in GM composition and to GM-related racial/ethnic health disparities.
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19
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Zouiouich S, Mariadassou M, Rué O, Vogtmann E, Huybrechts I, Severi G, Boutron-Ruault MC, Senore C, Naccarati A, Mengozzi G, Kozlakidis Z, Jenab M, Sinha R, Gunter MJ, Leclerc M. Comparison of Fecal Sample Collection Methods for Microbial Analysis Embedded within Colorectal Cancer Screening Programs. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022; 31:305-314. [PMID: 34782392 PMCID: PMC10416615 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-21-0188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer screening programs with fecal sample collection may provide a platform for population-based gut microbiome disease research. We investigated sample collection and storage method impact on the accuracy and stability of the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA genes and bacterial quantity across seven different collection methods [i.e., no solution, two specimen collection cards, and four types of fecal immunochemical test (FIT) used in four countries] among 19 healthy volunteers. METHODS Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were calculated for the relative abundance of the top three phyla, the most abundant genera, alpha diversity metrics, and the first principal coordinates of the beta diversity matrices to estimate the stability of microbial profiles after storage for 7 days at room temperature, 4°C or 30°C, and after screening for the presence of occult blood in the stool. In addition, accuracy was estimated for samples frozen immediately compared to samples with no solution (i.e., the putative gold standard). RESULTS When compared with the putative gold standard, we observed significant variation for all collection methods. However, interindividual variability was much higher than the variability introduced by the collection method. Stability ICCs were high (≥0.75) for FIT tubes that underwent colorectal cancer screening procedures. The relative abundance of Actinobacteria (0.65) was an exception and was lower for different FIT tubes stored at 30°C (range, 0.41-0.90) and room temperature (range, 0.06-0.94). CONCLUSIONS Paper-based collection cards and different types of FIT are acceptable tools for microbiome measurements. IMPACT Our findings inform on the utility of commonly used fecal sample collection methods for developing microbiome-focused cohorts nested within screening programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Semi Zouiouich
- Nutrition and Metabolism Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer-WHO, Lyon, France.
| | - Mahendra Mariadassou
- INRAE, MaIAGE, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, BioinfOmics, MIGALE Bioinformatics Facility, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Olivier Rué
- INRAE, MaIAGE, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, BioinfOmics, MIGALE Bioinformatics Facility, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Emily Vogtmann
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, NCI, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Inge Huybrechts
- Nutrition and Metabolism Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer-WHO, Lyon, France
| | - Gianluca Severi
- Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Sud, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie et Santé des Populations, National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM), Villejuif, France
- Department of Statistics, Computer Science and Applications "G. Parenti," University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault
- Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Sud, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie et Santé des Populations, National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM), Villejuif, France
| | - Carlo Senore
- Epidemiology and Screening Unit-CPO, University Hospital Città della Salute e della Scienza, Torino, Italy
| | - Alessio Naccarati
- Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM), c/o IRCCS Candiolo, Candiolo, Turin, Italy
- Candiolo Cancer Institute - FPO IRCCS, Candiolo, Turin, Italy
| | - Giulio Mengozzi
- Clinical biochemistry Unit, University Hospital Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy
| | - Zisis Kozlakidis
- Laboratory Services and Biobank, International Agency for Research on Cancer-WHO, Lyon, France
| | - Mazda Jenab
- Nutrition and Metabolism Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer-WHO, Lyon, France
| | - Rashmi Sinha
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, NCI, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Marc J Gunter
- Nutrition and Metabolism Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer-WHO, Lyon, France
| | - Marion Leclerc
- Université Paris Saclay, INRAe, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France
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20
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Blyton MDJ, Soo RM, Hugenholtz P, Moore BD. Characterization of the juvenile koala gut microbiome across wild populations. Environ Microbiol 2022; 24:4209-4219. [PMID: 35018700 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
In this study we compared the faecal microbiomes of wild joey koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus) to those of adults, including their mothers, to establish whether gut microbiome maturation and inheritance in the wild is comparable to that seen in captivity. Our findings suggest that joey koala microbiomes slowly shift towards an adult assemblage between 6 and 12 months of age, as the microbiomes of 9-month-old joeys were more similar to those of adults than those of 7-month-olds, but still distinct. At the phylum level, differences between joeys and adults were broadly consistent with those in captivity, with Firmicutes increasing in relative abundance over the joeys' development and Proteobacteria decreasing. Of the fibre-degrading genes that increased in abundance over the development of captive joeys, those involved in hemicellulose and cellulose degradation, but not pectin degradation, were also generally found in higher abundance in adult wild koalas compared to 7-month-olds. Greater maternal inheritance of the faecal microbiome was seen in wild than in captive koalas, presumably due to the more solitary nature of wild koalas. This strong maternal inheritance of the gut microbiome could contribute to the development of localized differences in microbiome composition, population health and diet through spatial clustering of relatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela D J Blyton
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond, NSW, 2753, Australia.,School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Qld, 4072, Australia
| | - Rochelle M Soo
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Australian Centre for Ecogenomics, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Qld, 4072, Australia
| | - Philip Hugenholtz
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Australian Centre for Ecogenomics, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Qld, 4072, Australia
| | - Ben D Moore
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond, NSW, 2753, Australia
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21
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Boeri L, Donnaloja F, Campanile M, Sardelli L, Tunesi M, Fusco F, Giordano C, Albani D. Using integrated meta-omics to appreciate the role of the gut microbiota in epilepsy. Neurobiol Dis 2022; 164:105614. [PMID: 35017031 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The way the human microbiota may modulate neurological pathologies is a fascinating matter of research. Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder, which has been largely investigated in correlation with microbiota health and function. However, the mechanisms that regulate this apparent connection are scarcely defined, and extensive effort has been conducted to understand the role of microbiota in preventing and reducing epileptic seizures. Intestinal bacteria seem to modulate the seizure frequency mainly by releasing neurotransmitters and inflammatory mediators. In order to elucidate the complex microbial contribution to epilepsy pathophysiology, integrated meta-omics could be pivotal. In fact, the combination of two or more meta-omics approaches allows a multifactorial study of microbial activity within the frame of disease or drug treatments. In this review, we provide information depicting and supporting the use of multi-omics to study the microbiota-epilepsy connection. We described different meta-omics analyses (metagenomics, metatranscriptomics, metaproteomics and metabolomics), focusing on current technical challenges in stool collection procedures, sample extraction methods and data processing. We further discussed the current advantages and limitations of using the integrative approach of multi-omics in epilepsy investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Boeri
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Francesca Donnaloja
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Marzia Campanile
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Lorenzo Sardelli
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Marta Tunesi
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Federica Fusco
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Carmen Giordano
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Diego Albani
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, via Mario Negri 2, 20156 Milan, Italy.
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22
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Kandel Gambarte PC, Wolansky MJ. The gut microbiota as a biomarker for realistic exposures to pesticides: A critical consideration. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2022; 91:107074. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2022.107074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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23
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Wu F, Davey S, Clendenen TV, Koenig KL, Afanasyeva Y, Zhou B, Bedi S, Li H, Zeleniuch-Jacquotte A, Chen Y. Gut Microbiota and Subjective Memory Complaints in Older Women. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 88:251-262. [PMID: 35570486 PMCID: PMC9987476 DOI: 10.3233/jad-220011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological studies that investigate alterations in gut microbial composition associated with cognitive dysfunction are limited. OBJECTIVE To examine the association between the gut microbiota and subjective memory complaints (SMCs), a self-reported, validated indicator of cognitive dysfunction. METHODS In this cross-sectional study of 95 older women selected from the New York University Women's Health Study (NYUWHS), we characterized the gut microbial composition using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. We estimated odds ratio (OR) from beta regression which approximates the ratio of mean relative abundances of individual bacterial taxon from phylum to genus levels by binary (2+ versus < 2) and continuous SMCs. RESULTS Women reporting 2 or more SMCs had higher relative abundances of genus Holdemania and family Desulfovibrionaceae compared with those reporting one or no complaint. Compared with women with < 2 SMCs, the relative abundances of Holdemania and family Desulfovibrionaceae were 2.09 times (OR: 2.09, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.38-3.17) and 2.10 times (OR: 2.10, 95% CI: 1.43-3.09) higher in women with 2+ SMCs, respectively (false discovery rate (FDR)-adjusted p = 0.038 and 0.010, respectively). A dose-response association was observed for genus Sutterella and family Desulfovibrionaceae. Every one-unit increase in SMCs was associated with 25% and 27% higher relative abundances of Sutterella (OR: 1.25; 95% CI: 1.11-1.40) and Desulfovibrionaceae (OR: 1.27; 95% CI: 1.13-1.42), respectively (FDR-adjusted p = 0.018 and 0.006, respectively). CONCLUSION Our findings support an association between alterations in the gut bacterial composition and cognitive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen Wu
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Samuel Davey
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tess V Clendenen
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Karen L Koenig
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yelena Afanasyeva
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Boyan Zhou
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sukhleen Bedi
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Huilin Li
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Yu Chen
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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24
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Bindari YR, Gerber PF. Centennial Review: Factors affecting the chicken gastrointestinal microbial composition and their association with gut health and productive performance. Poult Sci 2021; 101:101612. [PMID: 34872745 PMCID: PMC8713025 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of "gut health" is considered a priority in commercial chicken farms, although a precise definition of what constitutes gut health and how to evaluate it is still lacking. In research settings, monitoring of gut microbiota has gained great attention as shifts in microbial community composition have been associated with gut health and productive performance. However, microbial signatures associated with productivity remain elusive because of the high variability of the microbiota of individual birds resulting in multiple and sometimes contradictory profiles associated with poor or high performance. The high costs associated with the testing and the need for the terminal sampling of a large number of birds for the collection of gut contents also make this tool of limited use in commercial settings. This review highlights the existing literature on the chicken digestive system and associated microbiota; factors affecting the gut microbiota and emergence of the major chicken enteric diseases coccidiosis and necrotic enteritis; methods to evaluate gut health and their association with performance; main issues in investigating chicken microbial populations; and the relationship of microbial profiles and production outcomes. Emphasis is given to emerging noninvasive and easy-to-collect sampling methods that could be used to monitor gut health and microbiological changes in commercial flocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yugal Raj Bindari
- Animal Science, School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia
| | - Priscilla F Gerber
- Animal Science, School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia.
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25
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Dully V, Rech G, Wilding TA, Lanzén A, MacKichan K, Berrill I, Stoeck T. Comparing sediment preservation methods for genomic biomonitoring of coastal marine ecosystems. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 173:113129. [PMID: 34784523 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.113129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
To avoid loss of genetic information in environmental DNA (eDNA) field samples, the preservation of nucleic acids during field sampling is a critical step. In the development of standard operating procedures (SOPs) for eDNA-based compliance monitoring, the effect of different routinely used sediment preservations on biological community structures serving as bioindicators has gone untested. We compared eDNA metabarcoding results of marine bacterial communities from sample aliquots that were treated with a nucleic acid preservation solution (treated samples) and aliquots that were frozen without further treatment (non-treated samples). Sediment samples were obtained from coastal locations subjected to different stressors (aquaculture, urbanization, industry). DNA extraction efficiency, bacterial community profiles, and measures of alpha- and beta-diversity were highly congruent between treated and non-treated samples. As both preservation methods provide the same relevant information to environmental managers and regulators, we recommend the inclusion of both methods into SOPs for biomonitoring in marine coastal environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Dully
- Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Ecology, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Giulia Rech
- Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Ecology, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Thomas A Wilding
- Scottish Association for Marine Science, Scottish Marine Institute, Oban, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Anders Lanzén
- AZTI, Marine Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Pasaia, Gipuzkoa, Spain; IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | | | - Iain Berrill
- Scottish Salmon Producers Organization, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Thorsten Stoeck
- Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Ecology, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany.
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26
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Wu Z, Hullings AG, Ghanbari R, Etemadi A, Wan Y, Zhu B, Poustchi H, Fahraji BB, Sakhvidi MJZ, Shi J, Knight R, Malekzadeh R, Sinha R, Vogtmann E. Comparison of fecal and oral collection methods for studies of the human microbiota in two Iranian cohorts. BMC Microbiol 2021; 21:324. [PMID: 34809575 PMCID: PMC8607576 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-021-02387-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To initiate fecal and oral collections in prospective cohort studies for microbial analyses, it is essential to understand how field conditions and geographic differences may impact microbial communities. This study aimed to investigate the impact of fecal and oral sample collection methods and room temperature storage on collection samples for studies of the human microbiota. Results We collected fecal and oral samples from participants in two Iranian cohorts located in rural Yazd (n = 46) and urban Gonbad (n = 38) and investigated room temperature stability over 4 days of fecal (RNAlater and fecal occult blood test [FOBT] cards) and comparability of fecal and oral (OMNIgene ORAL kits and Scope mouthwash) collection methods. We calculated interclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) based on 3 alpha and 4 beta diversity metrics and the relative abundance of 3 phyla. After 4 days at room temperature, fecal stability ICCs and ICCs for Scope mouthwash were generally high for all microbial metrics. Similarly, the fecal comparability ICCs for RNAlater and FOBT cards were high, ranging from 0.63 (95% CI: 0.46, 0.75) for the relative abundance of Firmicutes to 0.93 (95% CI: 0.89, 0.96) for unweighted Unifrac. Comparability ICCs for OMNIgene ORAL and Scope mouthwash were lower than fecal ICCs, ranging from 0.55 (95% CI: 0.36, 0.70) for the Shannon index to 0.79 (95% CI: 0.69, 0.86) for Bray-Curtis. Overall, RNAlater, FOBT cards and Scope mouthwash were stable up to 4 days at room temperature. Samples collected using FOBT cards were generally comparable to RNAlater while the OMNIgene ORAL were less similar to Scope mouthwash. Conclusions As microbiome measures for feces samples collected using RNAlater, FOBT cards and oral samples collected using Scope mouthwash were stable over four days at room temperature, these would be most appropriate for microbial analyses in these populations. However, one collection method should be consistently since each method may induce some differences. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12866-021-02387-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeni Wu
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Autumn G Hullings
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Reza Ghanbari
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arash Etemadi
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yunhu Wan
- Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research/Leidos Biomedical Research Laboratory, Inc., Frederick, MD, USA.,Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Bin Zhu
- Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research/Leidos Biomedical Research Laboratory, Inc., Frederick, MD, USA.,Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hossein Poustchi
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behnam Bagheri Fahraji
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Zare Sakhvidi
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Jianxin Shi
- Biostatistics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rob Knight
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Department of Computer Science & Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Reza Malekzadeh
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Rashmi Sinha
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Emily Vogtmann
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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27
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Abomoelak B, Pemberton V, Deb C, Campion S, Vinson M, Mauck J, Manipadam J, Sudakaran S, Patel S, Saps M, Enshasy HAE, Varzakas T, Mehta DI. The Gut Microbiome Alterations in Pediatric Patients with Functional Abdominal Pain Disorders. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9112354. [PMID: 34835479 PMCID: PMC8622193 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9112354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In this prospective longitudinal study, we enrolled 54 healthy pediatric controls and 28 functional abdominal pain disorders (FAPDs) pediatric patients (mean age was 11 ± 2.58 years old). Fecal samples and symptom questionnaires were obtained from all participants over the course of the year. Clinical data assessment showed that FAPDs patients were more symptomatic than the control group. Microbiome analysis revealed that Phylum Bacteroidetes was higher in FAPDs compared to the control group (p < 0.05), while phylum Firmicutes was lower in FAPDs (p < 0.05). In addition, Verrucomicrobiota was higher in the control group than the FAPDs (p < 0.05). At the genus level the relative abundance of 72 bacterial taxa showed statistically significant differences between the two groups and at the school term levels. In the control group, Shannon diversity, Observed_species, and Simpson were higher than the FAPDs (p < 0.05), and beta diversity showed differences between the two groups (PERMANOVA = 2.38; p = 0.002) as well. Using linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe), Enterobacteriaceae family and Megaspherae showed increased abundances in vacation term (LDA score > 2.0, LEfSe, p < 0.05). In the FAPDs group, the severity of symptoms (T-scores) correlated with 11 different taxa bacterial relative abundances using Pearson's correlation and linear regression analyses. Our data showed that gut microbiome is altered in FAPDs compared to the control. Differences in other metrics such as alpha- and beta diversity were also reported between the two groups. Correlation of the severity of the disease (T-scores) correlated with gut microbiome. Finally, our findings support the use of Faecalibacterium/Bacteroides ratio as a potential diagnostic biomarker for FAPDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bassam Abomoelak
- Pediatric Specialty Laboratory, Arnold Palmer Hospital, Orlando Health, Orlando, FL 32806, USA; (V.P.); (C.D.); (S.C.); (J.M.); (S.P.)
- Correspondence: (B.A.); (D.I.M.); Tel.: +1-608-770-9584 (B.A.)
| | - Veronica Pemberton
- Pediatric Specialty Laboratory, Arnold Palmer Hospital, Orlando Health, Orlando, FL 32806, USA; (V.P.); (C.D.); (S.C.); (J.M.); (S.P.)
| | - Chirajyoti Deb
- Pediatric Specialty Laboratory, Arnold Palmer Hospital, Orlando Health, Orlando, FL 32806, USA; (V.P.); (C.D.); (S.C.); (J.M.); (S.P.)
| | - Stephani Campion
- Pediatric Specialty Laboratory, Arnold Palmer Hospital, Orlando Health, Orlando, FL 32806, USA; (V.P.); (C.D.); (S.C.); (J.M.); (S.P.)
| | - Michelle Vinson
- College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA; (M.V.); (J.M.)
| | - Jennifer Mauck
- College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA; (M.V.); (J.M.)
| | - Joseph Manipadam
- Pediatric Specialty Laboratory, Arnold Palmer Hospital, Orlando Health, Orlando, FL 32806, USA; (V.P.); (C.D.); (S.C.); (J.M.); (S.P.)
| | | | - Samit Patel
- Pediatric Specialty Laboratory, Arnold Palmer Hospital, Orlando Health, Orlando, FL 32806, USA; (V.P.); (C.D.); (S.C.); (J.M.); (S.P.)
| | - Miguel Saps
- Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Division, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA;
| | - Hesham A. El Enshasy
- Institute of Bioproduct Development (IBD), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Skudai 81310, Johor, Malaysia;
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Skudai 81310, Johor, Malaysia
- City of Scientific Research and Technology Applications (SRTA), New Burg Al Arab, Alexandria 21934, Egypt
| | - Theodoros Varzakas
- Food Science and Technology, University of Peloponnese, 24100 Kalamata, Greece;
| | - Devendra I. Mehta
- Pediatric Specialty Laboratory, Arnold Palmer Hospital, Orlando Health, Orlando, FL 32806, USA; (V.P.); (C.D.); (S.C.); (J.M.); (S.P.)
- Correspondence: (B.A.); (D.I.M.); Tel.: +1-608-770-9584 (B.A.)
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28
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Poulsen CS, Kaas RS, Aarestrup FM, Pamp SJ. Standard Sample Storage Conditions Have an Impact on Inferred Microbiome Composition and Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns. Microbiol Spectr 2021; 9:e0138721. [PMID: 34612701 DOI: 10.1101/2021.05.24.445395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Storage of biological specimens is crucial in the life and medical sciences. Storage conditions for samples can be different for a number of reasons, and it is unclear what effect this can have on the inferred microbiome composition in metagenomics analyses. Here, we assess the effect of common storage temperatures (deep freezer, -80°C; freezer, -20°C; refrigerator, 5°C; room temperature, 22°C) and storage times (immediate sample processing, 0 h; next day, 16 h; over weekend, 64 h; longer term, 4, 8, and 12 months) as well as repeated sample freezing and thawing (2 to 4 freeze-thaw cycles). We examined two different pig feces and sewage samples, unspiked and spiked with a mock community, in triplicate, respectively, amounting to a total of 438 samples (777 Gbp; 5.1 billion reads). Storage conditions had a significant and systematic effect on the taxonomic and functional composition of microbiomes. Distinct microbial taxa and antimicrobial resistance classes were, in some situations, similarly affected across samples, while others were not, suggesting an impact of individual inherent sample characteristics. With an increasing number of freeze-thaw cycles, an increasing abundance of Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and eukaryotic microorganisms was observed. We provide recommendations for sample storage and strongly suggest including more detailed information in the metadata together with the DNA sequencing data in public repositories to better facilitate meta-analyses and reproducibility of findings. IMPORTANCE Previous research has reported effects of DNA isolation, library preparation, and sequencing technology on metagenomics-based microbiome composition; however, the effect of biospecimen storage conditions has not been thoroughly assessed. We examined the effect of common sample storage conditions on metagenomics-based microbiome composition and found significant and, in part, systematic effects. Repeated freeze-thaw cycles could be used to improve the detection of microorganisms with more rigid cell walls, including parasites. We provide a data set that could also be used for benchmarking algorithms to identify and correct for unwanted batch effects. Overall, the findings suggest that all samples of a microbiome study should be stored in the same way. Furthermore, there is a need to mandate more detailed information about sample storage and processing be published together with DNA sequencing data at the International Nucleotide Sequence Database Collaboration (ENA/EBI, NCBI, DDBJ) or other repositories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casper Sahl Poulsen
- Research Group for Genomic Epidemiology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmarkgrid.5170.3, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Rolf Sommer Kaas
- Research Group for Genomic Epidemiology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmarkgrid.5170.3, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Frank M Aarestrup
- Research Group for Genomic Epidemiology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmarkgrid.5170.3, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Sünje Johanna Pamp
- Research Group for Genomic Epidemiology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmarkgrid.5170.3, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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Poulsen CS, Kaas RS, Aarestrup FM, Pamp SJ. Standard Sample Storage Conditions Have an Impact on Inferred Microbiome Composition and Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns. Microbiol Spectr 2021; 9:e0138721. [PMID: 34612701 PMCID: PMC8510183 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01387-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Storage of biological specimens is crucial in the life and medical sciences. Storage conditions for samples can be different for a number of reasons, and it is unclear what effect this can have on the inferred microbiome composition in metagenomics analyses. Here, we assess the effect of common storage temperatures (deep freezer, -80°C; freezer, -20°C; refrigerator, 5°C; room temperature, 22°C) and storage times (immediate sample processing, 0 h; next day, 16 h; over weekend, 64 h; longer term, 4, 8, and 12 months) as well as repeated sample freezing and thawing (2 to 4 freeze-thaw cycles). We examined two different pig feces and sewage samples, unspiked and spiked with a mock community, in triplicate, respectively, amounting to a total of 438 samples (777 Gbp; 5.1 billion reads). Storage conditions had a significant and systematic effect on the taxonomic and functional composition of microbiomes. Distinct microbial taxa and antimicrobial resistance classes were, in some situations, similarly affected across samples, while others were not, suggesting an impact of individual inherent sample characteristics. With an increasing number of freeze-thaw cycles, an increasing abundance of Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and eukaryotic microorganisms was observed. We provide recommendations for sample storage and strongly suggest including more detailed information in the metadata together with the DNA sequencing data in public repositories to better facilitate meta-analyses and reproducibility of findings. IMPORTANCE Previous research has reported effects of DNA isolation, library preparation, and sequencing technology on metagenomics-based microbiome composition; however, the effect of biospecimen storage conditions has not been thoroughly assessed. We examined the effect of common sample storage conditions on metagenomics-based microbiome composition and found significant and, in part, systematic effects. Repeated freeze-thaw cycles could be used to improve the detection of microorganisms with more rigid cell walls, including parasites. We provide a data set that could also be used for benchmarking algorithms to identify and correct for unwanted batch effects. Overall, the findings suggest that all samples of a microbiome study should be stored in the same way. Furthermore, there is a need to mandate more detailed information about sample storage and processing be published together with DNA sequencing data at the International Nucleotide Sequence Database Collaboration (ENA/EBI, NCBI, DDBJ) or other repositories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casper Sahl Poulsen
- Research Group for Genomic Epidemiology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Rolf Sommer Kaas
- Research Group for Genomic Epidemiology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Frank M. Aarestrup
- Research Group for Genomic Epidemiology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Sünje Johanna Pamp
- Research Group for Genomic Epidemiology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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Abstract
Integrative analysis of high-quality metagenomics and metabolomics data from fecal samples provides novel clues for the mechanism underpinning gut microbe-human interactions. However, data regarding the influence of fecal collection methods on both metagenomics and metabolomics are sparse. Six fecal collection methods (the gold standard [GS] [i.e., immediate freezing at −80°C with no solution], 95% ethanol, RNAlater, OMNIgene Gut, fecal occult blood test [FOBT] cards, and Microlution) were used to collect 88 fecal samples from eight healthy volunteers for whole-genome shotgun sequencing (WGSS) and untargeted metabolomic profiling. Metrics assessed included the abundances of predominant phyla and α- and β-diversity at the species, gene, and pathway levels. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were calculated for microbes and metabolites to estimate (i) stability (day 4 versus day 0 within each method), (ii) concordance (day 0 for each method versus the GS), and (iii) reliability (day 4 for each method versus the GS). For the top 4 phyla and microbial diversity metrics at the species, gene, and pathway levels, generally high stability and reliability were observed for most methods except for 95% ethanol; similar concordances were seen for different methods. For metabolomics data, 95% ethanol showed the highest stability, concordance, and reliability (median ICCs = 0.71, 0.71, and 0.65, respectively). Taken together, OMNIgene Gut, FOBT cards, RNAlater, and Microlution, but not 95% ethanol, were reliable collection methods for gut metagenomic studies. However, 95% ethanol was the best for preserving fecal metabolite profiles. We recommend using separate collecting methods for gut metagenomic sequencing and fecal metabolomic profiling in large population studies. IMPORTANCE The choice of fecal collection method is essential for studying gut microbe-human interactions in large-scale population-based research. In this study, we examined the effects of fecal collection methods and storage time at ambient temperature on variations in the gut microbiome community composition; microbial diversity metrics at the species, gene, and pathway levels; antibiotic resistance genes; and metabolome profiling. Our findings suggest using different fecal sample collection methods for different data generation purposes. OMNIgene Gut, FOBT cards, RNAlater, and Microlution, but not 95% ethanol, were reliable collection methods for gut metagenomic studies. However, 95% ethanol was the best for preserving fecal metabolite profiles.
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Everett C, Li C, Wilkinson JE, Nguyen LH, McIver LJ, Ivey K, Izard J, Palacios N, Eliassen AH, Willett WC, Ascherio A, Sun Q, Tworoger SS, Chan AT, Garrett WS, Huttenhower C, Rimm EB, Song M. Overview of the Microbiome Among Nurses study (Micro-N) as an example of prospective characterization of the microbiome within cohort studies. Nat Protoc 2021; 16:2724-2731. [PMID: 33883746 PMCID: PMC9240631 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-021-00519-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A lack of prospective studies has been a major barrier for assessing the role of the microbiome in human health and disease on a population-wide scale. To address this significant knowledge gap, we have launched a large-scale collection targeting fecal and oral microbiome specimens from 20,000 women within the Nurses' Health Study II cohort (the Microbiome Among Nurses study, or Micro-N). Leveraging the rich epidemiologic data that have been repeatedly collected from this cohort since 1989; the established biorepository of archived blood, urine, buccal cell, and tumor tissue specimens; the available genetic and biomarker data; the cohort's ongoing follow-up; and the BIOM-Mass microbiome research platform, Micro-N furnishes unparalleled resources for future prospective studies to interrogate the interplay between host, environmental factors, and the microbiome in human health. These prospectively collected materials will provide much-needed evidence to infer causality in microbiome-associated outcomes, paving the way toward development of microbiota-targeted modulators, preventives, diagnostics and therapeutics. Here, we describe a generalizable, scalable and cost-effective platform used for stool and oral microbiome specimen and metadata collection in the Micro-N study as an example of how prospective studies of the microbiome may be carried out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Everett
- Harvard Chan Microbiome in Public Health Center, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chengchen Li
- Harvard Chan Microbiome in Public Health Center, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeremy E Wilkinson
- Harvard Chan Microbiome in Public Health Center, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Long H Nguyen
- Harvard Chan Microbiome in Public Health Center, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Mongan Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lauren J McIver
- Harvard Chan Microbiome in Public Health Center, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kerry Ivey
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Infection and Immunity Theme, School of Medicine, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jacques Izard
- Food Science and Technology Department, Institute of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Natalia Palacios
- Harvard Chan Microbiome in Public Health Center, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Public Health, Zuckerberg College of Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, USA
| | - A Heather Eliassen
- Harvard Chan Microbiome in Public Health Center, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Walter C Willett
- Harvard Chan Microbiome in Public Health Center, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alberto Ascherio
- Harvard Chan Microbiome in Public Health Center, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Qi Sun
- Harvard Chan Microbiome in Public Health Center, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shelley S Tworoger
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Andrew T Chan
- Harvard Chan Microbiome in Public Health Center, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Mongan Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wendy S Garrett
- Harvard Chan Microbiome in Public Health Center, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Curtis Huttenhower
- Harvard Chan Microbiome in Public Health Center, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eric B Rimm
- Harvard Chan Microbiome in Public Health Center, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mingyang Song
- Harvard Chan Microbiome in Public Health Center, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Mongan Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
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Nearing JT, Comeau AM, Langille MGI. Identifying biases and their potential solutions in human microbiome studies. MICROBIOME 2021; 9:113. [PMID: 34006335 PMCID: PMC8132403 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-021-01059-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Advances in DNA sequencing technology have vastly improved the ability of researchers to explore the microbial inhabitants of the human body. Unfortunately, while these studies have uncovered the importance of these microbial communities to our health, they often do not result in similar findings. One possible reason for the disagreement in these results is due to the multitude of systemic biases that are introduced during sequence-based microbiome studies. These biases begin with sample collection and continue to be introduced throughout the entire experiment leading to an observed community that is significantly altered from the true underlying microbial composition. In this review, we will highlight the various steps in typical sequence-based human microbiome studies where significant bias can be introduced, and we will review the current efforts within the field that aim to reduce the impact of these biases. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob T Nearing
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - André M Comeau
- Integrated Microbiome Resource, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Morgan G I Langille
- Integrated Microbiome Resource, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
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Pribyl AL, Parks DH, Angel NZ, Boyd JA, Hasson AG, Fang L, MacDonald SL, Wills BA, Wood DLA, Krause L, Tyson GW, Hugenholtz P. Critical evaluation of faecal microbiome preservation using metagenomic analysis. ISME COMMUNICATIONS 2021; 1:14. [PMID: 37938632 PMCID: PMC9645250 DOI: 10.1038/s43705-021-00014-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The ability to preserve microbial communities in faecal samples is essential as increasing numbers of studies seek to use the gut microbiome to identify biomarkers of disease. Here we use shotgun metagenomics to rigorously evaluate the technical and compositional reproducibility of five room temperature (RT) microbial stabilisation methods compared to the best practice of flash-freezing. These methods included RNALater, OMNIGene-GUT, a dry BBL swab, LifeGuard, and a novel method for preserving faecal samples, a Copan FLOQSwab in an active drying tube (FLOQSwab-ADT). Each method was assessed using six replicate faecal samples from five participants, totalling 180 samples. The FLOQSwab-ADT performed best for both technical and compositional reproducibility, followed by RNAlater and OMNIgene-GUT. LifeGuard and the BBL swab had unpredictable outgrowth of Escherichia species in at least one replicate from each participant. We further evaluated the FLOQSwab-ADT in an additional 239 samples across 10 individuals after storage at -20 °C, RT, and 50 °C for four weeks compared to fresh controls. The FLOQSwab-ADT maintained its performance across all temperatures, indicating this method is an excellent alternative to existing RT stabilisation methods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Joel A Boyd
- Microba Life Sciences, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Liang Fang
- Microba Life Sciences, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Lutz Krause
- Microba Life Sciences, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Gene W Tyson
- Microba Life Sciences, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Centre for Microbiome Research, School of Biomedical Science, Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Philip Hugenholtz
- Australian Centre for Ecogenomics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
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Young C, Wood HM, Fuentes Balaguer A, Bottomley D, Gallop N, Wilkinson L, Benton SC, Brealey M, John C, Burtonwood C, Thompson KN, Yan Y, Barrett JH, Morris EJA, Huttenhower C, Quirke P. Microbiome Analysis of More Than 2,000 NHS Bowel Cancer Screening Programme Samples Shows the Potential to Improve Screening Accuracy. Clin Cancer Res 2021; 27:2246-2254. [PMID: 33658300 PMCID: PMC7610626 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-3807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE There is potential for fecal microbiome profiling to improve colorectal cancer screening. This has been demonstrated by research studies, but it has not been quantified at scale using samples collected and processed routinely by a national screening program. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Between 2016 and 2019, the largest of the NHS Bowel Cancer Screening Programme hubs prospectively collected processed guaiac fecal occult blood test (gFOBT) samples with subsequent colonoscopy outcomes: blood-negative [n = 491 (22%)]; colorectal cancer [n = 430 (19%)]; adenoma [n = 665 (30%)]; colonoscopy-normal [n = 300 (13%)]; nonneoplastic [n = 366 (16%)]. Samples were transported and stored at room temperature. DNA underwent 16S rRNA gene V4 amplicon sequencing. Taxonomic profiling was performed to provide features for classification via random forests (RF). RESULTS Samples provided 16S amplicon-based microbial profiles, which confirmed previously described colorectal cancer-microbiome associations. Microbiome-based RF models showed potential as a first-tier screen, distinguishing colorectal cancer or neoplasm (colorectal cancer or adenoma) from blood-negative with AUC 0.86 (0.82-0.89) and AUC 0.78 (0.74-0.82), respectively. Microbiome-based models also showed potential as a second-tier screen, distinguishing from among gFOBT blood-positive samples, colorectal cancer or neoplasm from colonoscopy-normal with AUC 0.79 (0.74-0.83) and AUC 0.73 (0.68-0.77), respectively. Models remained robust when restricted to 15 taxa, and performed similarly during external validation with metagenomic datasets. CONCLUSIONS Microbiome features can be assessed using gFOBT samples collected and processed routinely by a national colorectal cancer screening program to improve accuracy as a first- or second-tier screen. The models required as few as 15 taxa, raising the potential of an inexpensive qPCR test. This could reduce the number of colonoscopies in countries that use fecal occult blood test screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Young
- Pathology & Data Analytics, Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's University Hospital, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom.
| | - Henry M Wood
- Pathology & Data Analytics, Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's University Hospital, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Alba Fuentes Balaguer
- Pathology & Data Analytics, Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's University Hospital, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Bottomley
- Pathology & Data Analytics, Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's University Hospital, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Niall Gallop
- Pathology & Data Analytics, Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's University Hospital, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Lyndsay Wilkinson
- Pathology & Data Analytics, Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's University Hospital, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Sally C Benton
- NHS Bowel Cancer Screening Programme - Southern Hub, Surrey Research Park, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Brealey
- NHS Bowel Cancer Screening Programme - Southern Hub, Surrey Research Park, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Cerin John
- NHS Bowel Cancer Screening Programme - Southern Hub, Surrey Research Park, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Carole Burtonwood
- NHS Bowel Cancer Screening Programme - Southern Hub, Surrey Research Park, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Kelsey N Thompson
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yan Yan
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jennifer H Barrett
- Pathology & Data Analytics, Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's University Hospital, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Eva J A Morris
- Pathology & Data Analytics, Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's University Hospital, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- Big Data Institute, Nuffield Department of Population Health, Old Road Campus, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Curtis Huttenhower
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Philip Quirke
- Pathology & Data Analytics, Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's University Hospital, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
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35
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Gavriliuc S, Stothart MR, Henry A, Poissant J. Long-term storage of feces at -80 °C versus -20 °C is negligible for 16S rRNA amplicon profiling of the equine bacterial microbiome. PeerJ 2021; 9:e10837. [PMID: 33854827 PMCID: PMC7953882 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of next-generation sequencing technologies has spurred a surge of research on bacterial microbiome diversity and function. But despite the rapid growth of the field, many uncertainties remain regarding the impact of differing methodologies on downstream results. Sample storage temperature is conventionally thought to be among the most important factors for ensuring reproducibility across marker gene studies, but to date much of the research on this topic has focused on short-term storage in the context of clinical applications. Consequently, it has remained unclear if storage at −80 °C, widely viewed as the gold standard for long-term archival of feces, is truly required for maintaining sample integrity in amplicon-based studies. A better understanding of the impacts of long-term storage conditions is important given the substantial cost and limited availability of ultra-low temperature freezers. To this end, we compared bacterial microbiome profiles inferred from 16S V3–V4 amplicon sequencing for paired fecal samples obtained from a feral horse population from Sable Island, Nova Scotia, Canada, stored at either −80 °C or −20 °C for 4 years. We found that storage temperature did not significantly affect alpha diversity measures, including amplicon sequence variant (ASV) richness and evenness, and abundance of rare sequence variants, nor presence/absence, relative abundances and phylogenetic diversity weighted measures of beta diversity. These results indicate that storage of equine feces at −20 °C for periods ranging from a few months to a few years is equivalent to storage at −80 °C for amplicon-based microbiome studies, adding to accumulating evidence indicating that standard domestic freezers are both economical and effective for microbiome research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Gavriliuc
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Mason R Stothart
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Astrid Henry
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Jocelyn Poissant
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Westaway JAF, Huerlimann R, Miller CM, Kandasamy Y, Norton R, Rudd D. Methods for exploring the faecal microbiome of premature infants: a review. Matern Health Neonatol Perinatol 2021; 7:11. [PMID: 33685524 PMCID: PMC7941982 DOI: 10.1186/s40748-021-00131-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The premature infant gut microbiome plays an important part in infant health and development, and recognition of the implications of microbial dysbiosis in premature infants has prompted significant research into these issues. The approaches to designing investigations into microbial populations are many and varied, each with its own benefits and limitations. The technique used can influence results, contributing to heterogeneity across studies. This review aimed to describe the most common techniques used in researching the preterm infant microbiome, detailing their various limitations. The objective was to provide those entering the field with a broad understanding of available methodologies, so that the likely effects of their use can be factored into literature interpretation and future study design. We found that although many techniques are used for characterising the premature infant microbiome, 16S rRNA short amplicon sequencing is the most common. 16S rRNA short amplicon sequencing has several benefits, including high accuracy, discoverability and high throughput capacity. However, this technique has limitations. Each stage of the protocol offers opportunities for the injection of bias. Bias can contribute to variability between studies using 16S rRNA high throughout sequencing. Thus, we recommend that the interpretation of previous results and future study design be given careful consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob A F Westaway
- James Cook University, 1 McGregor Road, Smithfield, QLD, 4878, Australia.
| | - Roger Huerlimann
- James Cook University, 1 James Cook Dr, Douglas, QLD, 4811, Australia
| | - Catherine M Miller
- James Cook University, 1 McGregor Road, Smithfield, QLD, 4878, Australia
| | - Yoga Kandasamy
- Townsville University Hospital, 100 Angus Smith Dr, Douglas, QLD, 4814, Australia
| | - Robert Norton
- Pathology Queensland, 100 Angus Smith Dr, Douglas, QLD, 4814, Australia
| | - Donna Rudd
- James Cook University, 1 James Cook Dr, Douglas, QLD, 4811, Australia
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37
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The Multiomics Analyses of Fecal Matrix and Its Significance to Coeliac Disease Gut Profiling. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041965. [PMID: 33671197 PMCID: PMC7922330 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GIT) diseases have risen globally in recent years, and early detection of the host’s gut microbiota, typically through fecal material, has become a crucial component for rapid diagnosis of such diseases. Human fecal material is a complex substance composed of undigested macromolecules and particles, and the processing of such matter is a challenge due to the unstable nature of its products and the complexity of the matrix. The identification of these products can be used as an indication for present and future diseases; however, many researchers focus on one variable or marker looking for specific biomarkers of disease. Therefore, the combination of genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabonomics can give a detailed and complete insight into the gut environment. The proper sample collection, sample preparation and accurate analytical methods play a crucial role in generating precise microbial data and hypotheses in gut microbiome research, as well as multivariate data analysis in determining the gut microbiome functionality in regard to diseases. This review summarizes fecal sample protocols involved in profiling coeliac disease.
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Young C, Wood HM, Seshadri RA, Van Nang P, Vaccaro C, Melendez LC, Bose M, Van Doi M, Piñero TA, Valladares CT, Arguero J, Balaguer AF, Thompson KN, Yan Y, Huttenhower C, Quirke P. The colorectal cancer-associated faecal microbiome of developing countries resembles that of developed countries. Genome Med 2021; 13:27. [PMID: 33593386 PMCID: PMC7887780 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-021-00844-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) is increasing in developing countries, yet limited research on the CRC- associated microbiota has been conducted in these areas, in part due to scarce resources, facilities, and the difficulty of fresh or frozen stool storage/transport. Here, we aimed (1) to establish a broad representation of diverse developing countries (Argentina, Chile, India, and Vietnam); (2) to validate a 'resource-light' sample-collection protocol translatable in these settings using guaiac faecal occult blood test (gFOBT) cards stored and, importantly, shipped internationally at room temperature; (3) to perform initial profiling of the collective CRC-associated microbiome of these developing countries; and (4) to compare this quantitatively with established CRC biomarkers from developed countries. METHODS We assessed the effect of international storage and transport at room temperature by replicating gFOBT from five UK volunteers, storing two in the UK, and sending replicates to institutes in the four countries. Next, to determine the effect of prolonged UK storage, DNA extraction replicates for a subset of samples were performed up to 252 days apart. To profile the CRC-associated microbiome of developing countries, gFOBT were collected from 41 treatment-naïve CRC patients and 40 non-CRC controls from across the four institutes, and V4 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed. Finally, we constructed a random forest (RF) model that was trained and tested against existing datasets from developed countries. RESULTS The microbiome was stably assayed when samples were stored/transported at room temperature and after prolonged UK storage. Large-scale microbiome structure was separated by country and continent, with a smaller effect from CRC. Importantly, the RF model performed similarly to models trained using external datasets and identified similar taxa of importance (Parvimonas, Peptostreptococcus, Fusobacterium, Alistipes, and Escherichia). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that gFOBT, stored and transported at room temperature, represents a suitable method of faecal sample collection for amplicon-based microbiome biomarkers in developing countries and suggests a CRC-faecal microbiome association that is consistent between developed and developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Young
- Pathology & Data Analytics, Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's University Hospital, University of Leeds, Level 4 Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK.
| | - Henry M Wood
- Pathology & Data Analytics, Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's University Hospital, University of Leeds, Level 4 Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK
| | | | - Pham Van Nang
- Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Can Tho, Vietnam
| | - Carlos Vaccaro
- Instituto de Medicina Traslacional e Ingeniería Biomédica (IMTIB) - CONICET - Instituto Universitario del Hospital Italiano (IUHI), Hospital Italiano de buenos Aires (HIBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | - Mai Van Doi
- Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Can Tho, Vietnam
| | - Tamara Alejandra Piñero
- Instituto de Medicina Traslacional e Ingeniería Biomédica (IMTIB) - CONICET - Instituto Universitario del Hospital Italiano (IUHI), Hospital Italiano de buenos Aires (HIBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Julieta Arguero
- Instituto de Medicina Traslacional e Ingeniería Biomédica (IMTIB) - CONICET - Instituto Universitario del Hospital Italiano (IUHI), Hospital Italiano de buenos Aires (HIBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alba Fuentes Balaguer
- Pathology & Data Analytics, Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's University Hospital, University of Leeds, Level 4 Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Kelsey N Thompson
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, USA
| | - Yan Yan
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, USA
| | - Curtis Huttenhower
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, USA
| | - Philip Quirke
- Pathology & Data Analytics, Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's University Hospital, University of Leeds, Level 4 Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK
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Bharti R, Grimm DG. Current challenges and best-practice protocols for microbiome analysis. Brief Bioinform 2021; 22:178-193. [PMID: 31848574 PMCID: PMC7820839 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbz155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 77.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Analyzing the microbiome of diverse species and environments using next-generation sequencing techniques has significantly enhanced our understanding on metabolic, physiological and ecological roles of environmental microorganisms. However, the analysis of the microbiome is affected by experimental conditions (e.g. sequencing errors and genomic repeats) and computationally intensive and cumbersome downstream analysis (e.g. quality control, assembly, binning and statistical analyses). Moreover, the introduction of new sequencing technologies and protocols led to a flood of new methodologies, which also have an immediate effect on the results of the analyses. The aim of this work is to review the most important workflows for 16S rRNA sequencing and shotgun and long-read metagenomics, as well as to provide best-practice protocols on experimental design, sample processing, sequencing, assembly, binning, annotation and visualization. To simplify and standardize the computational analysis, we provide a set of best-practice workflows for 16S rRNA and metagenomic sequencing data (available at https://github.com/grimmlab/MicrobiomeBestPracticeReview).
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Bharti
- Weihenstephan-Triesdorf University of Applied Sciences and Technical University of Munich, TUM Campus Straubing for Biotechnology and Sustainability, Straubing, Germany
| | - Dominik G Grimm
- Weihenstephan-Triesdorf University of Applied Sciences and Technical University of Munich, TUM Campus Straubing for Biotechnology and Sustainability, Straubing, Germany
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40
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Reitmeier S, Kiessling S, Neuhaus K, Haller D. Comparing Circadian Rhythmicity in the Human Gut Microbiome. STAR Protoc 2020; 1:100148. [PMID: 33377042 PMCID: PMC7757335 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2020.100148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted sequencing of 16S rRNA genes enables the analysis of microbiomes. Here, we describe a protocol for the collection, storage, and preparation of fecal samples. We describe how we cluster similar sequences and assign bacterial taxonomies. Using diversity analysis and machine learning, we can extract disease-associated features. We also describe a circadian analysis to identify the presence or absence of rhythms in taxonomies. Differences in rhythmicity between cohorts can contribute to determining disease-associated bacterial signatures. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Reitmeier et al. (2020). Walkthrough of sample preparation for 16S rRNA gene sequencing for human stool samples Determine disease-associated microbial features based on machine learning Circadian analysis to identify presence of rhythms in a population-based cohort study Define bacterial signatures by differences in rhythmicity within/between cohorts
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Reitmeier
- ZIEL - Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany.,Chair of Nutrition and Immunology, Technical University of Munich, Gregor-Mendel-Str. 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Silke Kiessling
- ZIEL - Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany.,Chair of Nutrition and Immunology, Technical University of Munich, Gregor-Mendel-Str. 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Klaus Neuhaus
- ZIEL - Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Dirk Haller
- ZIEL - Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany.,Chair of Nutrition and Immunology, Technical University of Munich, Gregor-Mendel-Str. 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
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41
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Turjeman S, Corl A, Wolfenden A, Tsalyuk M, Lublin A, Choi O, Kamath PL, Getz WM, Bowie RCK, Nathan R. Migration, pathogens and the avian microbiome: A comparative study in sympatric migrants and residents. Mol Ecol 2020; 29:4706-4720. [PMID: 33001530 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Animals generally benefit from their gastrointestinal microbiome, but the factors that influence the composition and dynamics of their microbiota remain poorly understood. Studies of nonmodel host species can illuminate how microbiota and their hosts interact in natural environments. We investigated the role of migratory behaviour in shaping the gut microbiota of free-ranging barn swallows (Hirundo rustica) by studying co-occurring migrant and resident subspecies sampled during the autumn migration at a migratory bottleneck. We found that within-host microbial richness (α-diversity) was similar between migrant and resident microbial communities. In contrast, we found that microbial communities (β-diversity) were significantly different between groups regarding both microbes present and their relative abundances. Compositional differences were found for 36 bacterial genera, with 27 exhibiting greater abundance in migrants and nine exhibiting greater abundance in residents. There was heightened abundance of Mycoplasma spp. and Corynebacterium spp. in migrants, a pattern shared by other studies of migratory species. Screens for key regional pathogens revealed that neither residents nor migrants carried avian influenza viruses and Newcastle disease virus, suggesting that the status of these diseases did not underlie observed differences in microbiome composition. Furthermore, the prevalence and abundance of Salmonella spp., as determined from microbiome data and cultural assays, were both low and similar across the groups. Overall, our results indicate that microbial composition differs between migratory and resident barn swallows, even when they are conspecific and sympatrically occurring. Differences in host origins (breeding sites) may result in microbial community divergence, and varied behaviours throughout the annual cycle (e.g., migration) could further differentiate compositional structure as it relates to functional needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sondra Turjeman
- Movement Ecology Laboratory, Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ammon Corl
- Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Andrew Wolfenden
- Movement Ecology Laboratory, Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Miriam Tsalyuk
- Movement Ecology Laboratory, Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Avishai Lublin
- Division of Avian Diseases, Kimron Veterinary Institute, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Olivia Choi
- School of Food and Agriculture, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
| | - Pauline L Kamath
- School of Food and Agriculture, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
| | - Wayne M Getz
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.,School Mathematical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Rauri C K Bowie
- Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.,Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Ran Nathan
- Movement Ecology Laboratory, Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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Kurian SM, Gordon S, Barrick B, Dadlani MN, Fanelli B, Cornell JB, Head SR, Marsh CL, Case J. Feasibility and Comparison Study of Fecal Sample Collection Methods in Healthy Volunteers and Solid Organ Transplant Recipients Using 16S rRNA and Metagenomics Approaches. Biopreserv Biobank 2020; 18:425-440. [PMID: 32833508 DOI: 10.1089/bio.2020.0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The human microbiome encompasses a variety of microorganisms that change dynamically and are in close contact with the body. The microbiome influences health and homeostasis, as well as the immune system, and any significant change in this equilibrium (dysbiosis) triggers both acute and chronic health conditions. Microbiome research has surged, in part, due to advanced sequencing technologies enabling rapid, accurate, and cost-effective identification of the microbiome. A major prerequisite for stool sample collection to study the gut microbiome in longitudinal prospective studies requires standardized protocols that can be easily replicated. However, there are still significant bottlenecks to stool specimen collection that contribute to low patient retention rates in microbiome studies. These barriers are further exacerbated in solid organ transplant recipients where diarrhea is estimated to occur in up to half the patient population. We sought to test two relatively easy sample collection methods (fecal swab and wipes) and compare them to the more cumbersome "gold" standard collection method (scoop) using two different sequencing technologies (16S ribosomal RNA sequencing and shotgun metagenomics). Our comparison of the collection methods shows that both the swabs and the wipes are comparable to the scoop method in terms of bacterial abundance and diversity. The swabs, however, were closer in representation to the scoop and were easier to collect and process compared to the wipes. Potential contamination of the swab and the wipe samples by abundant skin commensals was low in our analysis. Comparison of the two sequencing technologies showed that they were complementary, and that 16S sequencing provided enough coverage to detect and differentiate between bacterial species identified in the collected samples. Our pilot study demonstrates that alternative collection methods for stool sampling are a viable option in clinical applications, such as organ transplant studies. The use of these methods may result in better patient retention recruitment rates in serial microbiome studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil M Kurian
- Scripps Clinic Bio-Repository and Bio-Informatics Core, La Jolla, California, USA.,Scripps Center for Organ Transplantation, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Skyler Gordon
- Genomics Core, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Bethany Barrick
- Scripps Clinic Bio-Repository and Bio-Informatics Core, La Jolla, California, USA.,Scripps Center for Organ Transplantation, La Jolla, California, USA
| | | | | | | | - Steven R Head
- Genomics Core, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Christopher L Marsh
- Scripps Clinic Bio-Repository and Bio-Informatics Core, La Jolla, California, USA.,Scripps Center for Organ Transplantation, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Jamie Case
- Scripps Clinic Bio-Repository and Bio-Informatics Core, La Jolla, California, USA.,Scripps Center for Organ Transplantation, La Jolla, California, USA
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43
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A Recent Overview of Microbes and Microbiome Preservation. Indian J Microbiol 2020; 60:297-309. [PMID: 32655197 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-020-00880-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbes are mediators in almost all ecosystem processes and act as a pivotal game changer in various ecological activities, globally. Therefore, understanding of microbial community structure and related functions in different environmental and micro-environmental niches is not only critical, but also a matter of greatest importance. Due to our inability to cultivate and preserve all sorts of microorganisms, we are losing some ecologically and industrially relevant components of microbial community, due to extinction caused by environmental and climatic variations with time. Intact sample and microbiome preservation are crucial for future cultivation as well as to study the effects of ecological and climatic variations on community functionality and shift with time, using OMICS. Although, methods for pure culture preservation are almost optimized, the techniques of microbiome preservation still remain as an unsolved challenge for microbiologists due to technical and physiological constraints. Present article discusses, recent approaches of microbial preservation with special reference to intact sample, mixed culture and microbiome preservation. It also incorporates recent practices used to achieve the highest viability and metabolic activities in long-term preserved microbiome.
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44
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Qiu Z, Wang J, Delgado-Baquerizo M, Trivedi P, Egidi E, Chen YM, Zhang H, Singh BK. Plant Microbiomes: Do Different Preservation Approaches and Primer Sets Alter Our Capacity to Assess Microbial Diversity and Community Composition? FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:993. [PMID: 32714361 PMCID: PMC7351510 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The microbial communities associated with plants (the plant microbiome) play critical roles in regulating plant health and productivity. Because of this, in recent years, there have been significant increase in studies targeting the plant microbiome. Amplicon sequencing is widely used to investigate the plant microbiome and to develop sustainable microbial agricultural tools. However, performing large microbiome surveys at the regional and global scales pose several logistic challenges. One of these challenges is related with the preservation of plant materials for sequencing aiming to maintain the integrity of the original diversity and community composition of the plant microbiome. Another significant challenge involves the existence of multiple primer sets used in amplicon sequencing that, especially for bacterial communities, hampers the comparability of datasets across studies. Here, we aimed to examine the effect of different preservation approaches (snap freezing, fresh and kept on ice, and air drying) on the bacterial and fungal diversity and community composition on plant leaves, stems and roots from seven plant species from contrasting functional groups (e.g. C3, C4, N-Fixers, etc.). Another major challenge comes when comparing plant to soil microbiomes, as different primers sets are often used for plant vs. soil microbiomes. Thus, we also investigated if widely used 16S rRNA primer set (779F/1193R) for plant microbiome studies provides comparable data to those often used for soil microbiomes (341F/805R) using 86 soil samples. We found that the community composition and diversity of bacteria or fungi were robust to contrasting preservation methods. The primer sets often used for plants provided similar results to those often used for soil studies suggesting that simultaneous studies on plant and soil microbiomes are possible. Our findings provide novel evidence that preservation approaches do not significantly impact plant microbiome data interpretation and primer differences do not impact the treatment effect, which has significant implication for future large-scale and global surveys of plant microbiomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiguang Qiu
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Juntao Wang
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Manuel Delgado-Baquerizo
- Departamento de Sistemas Físicos, Químicos y Naturales, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
| | - Pankaj Trivedi
- Microbiome Cluster and Department of Agricultural Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Eleonora Egidi
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
- Global Centre for Land-Based Innovation, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Yi-Min Chen
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Haiyang Zhang
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Brajesh K. Singh
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
- Global Centre for Land-Based Innovation, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
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Zhou X, Singh S, Baumann R, Barba P, Landefeld J, Casaccia P, Sand IK, Xia Z, Weiner H, Chitnis T, Chandran S, Connick P, Otaegui D, Castillo-Triviño T, Caillier SJ, Santaniello A, Ackermann G, Humphrey G, Negrotto L, Farez M, Hohlfeld R, Pröbstel AK, Jia X, Graves J, Bar-or A, Oksenberg JR, Gelfand J, Wilson MR, Crabtree E, Zamvil SS, Correale J, Cree BA, Hauser SL, Knight R, Baranzini SE. Household paired design reduces variance and increases power in multi-city gut microbiome study in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 2020; 27:1352458520924594. [PMID: 33115343 PMCID: PMC7968892 DOI: 10.1177/1352458520924594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence for a role of human gut microbiota in multiple sclerosis (MS) risk is mounting, yet large variability is seen across studies. This is, in part, due to the lack of standardization of study protocols, sample collection methods, and sequencing approaches. OBJECTIVE This study aims to address the effect of a household experimental design, sample collection, and sequencing approaches in a gut microbiome study in MS subjects from a multi-city study population. METHODS We analyzed 128 MS patient and cohabiting healthy control pairs from the International MS Microbiome Study (iMSMS). A total of 1005 snap-frozen or desiccated Q-tip stool samples were collected and evaluated using 16S and shallow whole-metagenome shotgun sequencing. RESULTS The intra-individual variance observed by different collection strategies was dramatically lower than inter-individual variance. Shallow shotgun highly correlated with 16S sequencing. Participant house and recruitment site accounted for the two largest sources of microbial variance, while higher microbial similarity was seen in household-matched participants as hypothesized. A significant proportion of the variance in dietary intake was also dominated by geographic distance. CONCLUSION A household pair study largely overcomes common inherent limitations and increases statistical power in population-based microbiome studies.
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Park C, Yun KE, Chu JM, Lee JY, Hong CP, Nam YD, Jeong J, Han K, Ahn YJ. Performance comparison of fecal preservative and stock solutions for gut microbiome storage at room temperature. J Microbiol 2020; 58:703-710. [PMID: 32583287 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-020-0092-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The gut microbiome, which is symbiotic within the human body, assists in human digestion. It plays significant roles in identifying intestinal disease as well as in maintaining a healthy body with functional immune and metabolic activities. To confirm the consistency of fecal intestinal microbial research, it is necessary to study the changes in intestinal microbial flora according to the fecal collection solution and storage period. We collected fecal samples from three healthy Korean adults. To examine the efficacy of fecal collection solution, we used NBgene-Gut, OMNIgene-Gut, 70% ethanol (Ethanol-70%), and RNAlater. The samples were stored for up to two months at room temperature using three different methods, and we observed changes in microbial communities over time. We analyzed clusters of changes in the microbial flora by observing fecal stock solutions and metagenome sequencing performed over time. In particular, we confirmed the profiling of alpha and beta diversity and microbial classification according to the differences in intestinal environment among individuals. We also confirmed that the microbial profile remained stable for two months and that the microbial profile did not change significantly over time. In addition, our results suggest the possibility of verifying microbial profiling even for long-term storage of a single sample. In conclusion, collecting fecal samples using a stock solution rather than freezing feces seems to be relatively reproducible and stable for GUT metagenome analysis. Therefore, stock solution tubes in intestinal microbial research can be used without problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanhyeok Park
- Theragen Bio Co., Ltd., Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong Eui Yun
- Theragen Bio Co., Ltd., Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Min Chu
- Theragen Bio Co., Ltd., Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yeon Lee
- Theragen Bio Co., Ltd., Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Pyo Hong
- Theragen Bio Co., Ltd., Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Do Nam
- Research Group of Healthcare, Korea Food Research Institute, Jeollabuk-do, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinuk Jeong
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyudong Han
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yong Ju Ahn
- Theragen Bio Co., Ltd., Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16229, Republic of Korea.
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47
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Angebault C, Payen M, Woerther PL, Rodriguez C, Botterel F. Combined bacterial and fungal targeted amplicon sequencing of respiratory samples: Does the DNA extraction method matter? PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232215. [PMID: 32343737 PMCID: PMC7188255 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background High-throughput sequencing techniques are used to analyse the diversity of the respiratory microbiota in health and disease. Although extensive data are available regarding bacterial respiratory microbiota, its fungal component remains poorly studied. This is partly due to the technical issues associated with fungal metagenomics analyses. In this study, we compared two DNA extraction protocols and two fungal amplification targets for combined bacterial and fungal targeted amplicon sequencing analyses of the respiratory microbiota. Methods Six sputa, randomly selected from routine samples in Mondor Hospital (Creteil, France) and treated anonymously, were tested after bacterial and fungal routine culture. Two of which were spiked with Aspergillus Fumigati and Aspergillus Nigri (105 conidia/mL). After mechanical lysis, DNA was extracted using automated QIAsymphony® extraction (AQE) or manual PowerSoil® MoBio extraction (MPE). DNA yield and purity were compared. DNA extracted from spiked sputa was subjected to (i) real-time PCR for Aspergillus DNA detection and (ii) combined metagenomic analyses targeting barcoded primers for fungal ITS1 and ITS2, and bacterial V1-V2 and V3-V4 16S regions. Amplicon libraries were prepared using MiSeq Reagent V3 kit on Illumina platform. Data were analysed using PyroMIC© and SHAMAN software, and compared with culture results. Results AQE extraction provided a higher yield of DNA (AQE/MPE DNA ratio = 4.5 [1.3–11]) in a shorter time. The yield of Aspergillus DNA detected by qPCR was similar for spiked sputa regardless of extraction protocol. The extraction moderately impacted the diversity or relative abundances of bacterial communities using targeted amplicon sequencing (2/43 taxa impacted). For fungi, the relative abundances of 4/11 major taxa were impacted and AQE results were closer to culture results. The V1-V2 or V3-V4 and ITS1 or ITS2 targets assessed similarly the diversity of bacterial and fungal major taxa, but ITS2 and V3-V4 detected more minor taxa. Conclusion Our results showed the importance of DNA extraction for combined bacterial and fungal targeted metagenomics of respiratory samples. The extraction protocol can affect DNA yield and the relative abundances of few bacterial but more fungal taxa. For fungal analysis, ITS2 allowed the detection of a greater number of minor taxa compared with ITS1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Angebault
- Unité de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Département de Prévention, Diagnostic et Traitement des Infections, CHU Henri Mondor, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Créteil, France
- EA DYNAMiC 7380, Faculté de Santé, Univ Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil, France
- EA DYNAMiC 7380, Ecole nationale vétérinaire d’Alfort, USC Anses, Maison-Alfort, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Mathilde Payen
- Unité de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Département de Prévention, Diagnostic et Traitement des Infections, CHU Henri Mondor, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Créteil, France
| | - Paul-Louis Woerther
- EA DYNAMiC 7380, Faculté de Santé, Univ Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil, France
- Unité de Bactériologie-Hygiène, Département de Prévention, Diagnostic et Traitement des Infections, CHU Henri Mondor, APHP, Créteil, France
| | - Christophe Rodriguez
- Next-Generation Sequencing Platform”Génomiques”, INSERM U955, APHP, IMRB Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - Françoise Botterel
- Unité de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Département de Prévention, Diagnostic et Traitement des Infections, CHU Henri Mondor, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Créteil, France
- EA DYNAMiC 7380, Faculté de Santé, Univ Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil, France
- EA DYNAMiC 7380, Ecole nationale vétérinaire d’Alfort, USC Anses, Maison-Alfort, France
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48
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Tang Q, Jin G, Wang G, Liu T, Liu X, Wang B, Cao H. Current Sampling Methods for Gut Microbiota: A Call for More Precise Devices. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:151. [PMID: 32328469 PMCID: PMC7161087 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of next-generation sequencing technology has enabled researchers to explore and understand the gut microbiome from a broader and deeper perspective. However, the results of different studies on gut microbiota are highly variable even in the same disease, which makes it difficult to guide clinical diagnosis and treatment. The ideal sampling method should be non-invasive, involve little cross-contamination or bowel preparation, and collect gut microbiota at different sites. Currently, sequencing technologies are usually based on samples collected from feces, mucosal biopsy, intestinal fluid, etc. However, different parts of the gastrointestinal tract possess various physiological characteristics that are essential for particular species of living microbiota. Moreover, current sampling methods are somewhat defective. For example, fecal samples are just a proxy for intestinal microbiota, while biopsies are invasive for patients and not suitable for healthy controls. In this review, we summarize the current sampling methods and their advantages and shortcomings. New sampling technologies, such as the Brisbane Aseptic Biopsy Device and the intelligent capsule, are also mentioned to inspire the development of future precise description methods of the gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Institute of Digestive Disease, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ge Jin
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Institute of Digestive Disease, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Tianjin Institute of Digestive Disease, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Tianyu Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Institute of Digestive Disease, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Bangmao Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Institute of Digestive Disease, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hailong Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Institute of Digestive Disease, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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49
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Antosca K, Hoen AG, Palys T, Hilliard M, Morrison HG, Coker M, Madan J, Karagas MR. Reliability of stool microbiome methods for DNA yields and sequencing among infants and young children. Microbiologyopen 2020; 9:e1018. [PMID: 32166902 PMCID: PMC7221451 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.1018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
With the emergence of large‐scale epidemiologic human microbiome studies, there is a need to understand the reproducibility of microbial DNA sequencing and the impact of specimen collection and processing methods on measures of microbial community composition and structure, with reproducibility studies in infants and young children particularly lacking. Here, we examined batch‐to‐batch variability and reliability of collection, handling, and processing protocols, testing replicate stool samples from infants and young children using Illumina MiSeq sequencing of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene V4‐V5 hypervariable region, evaluating 33 conditions with different protocols and extraction methods. We detected no evidence of batch effects in replicate DNA samples or extractions from the same stool sample. Variability in DNA yield and alpha diversity was observed between the different collection, handling, and processing protocols. However, across all protocols, subject variability was the dominant contributor to microbiome structure, with comparatively little impact of the protocol used. While collection method and DNA extraction kit may affect DNA yield, and correspondingly alpha diversity, our findings suggest that characterization of the structure and composition of the fecal microbiome of infants and young children are reliably measurable by standardized collection, handling, and processing protocols and DNA extraction methods within an individual longitudinal study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Antosca
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Anne G Hoen
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA.,Center for Molecular Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, USA.,Children's Environmental Health and Disease Prevention Research Center at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Thomas Palys
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA.,Center for Molecular Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Margaret Hilliard
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Hilary G Morrison
- Josephine Bay Paul Center for Comparative Molecular Biology and Evolution, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA, USA
| | - Modupe Coker
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Juliette Madan
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA.,Center for Molecular Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, USA.,Children's Environmental Health and Disease Prevention Research Center at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA.,Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Margaret R Karagas
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA.,Center for Molecular Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, USA.,Children's Environmental Health and Disease Prevention Research Center at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
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50
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Chen CC, Wu WK, Chang CM, Panyod S, Lu TP, Liou JM, Fang YJ, Chuang EY, Wu MS. Comparison of DNA stabilizers and storage conditions on preserving fecal microbiota profiles. J Formos Med Assoc 2020; 119:1791-1798. [PMID: 32111519 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2020.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Appropriate storage of fecal samples is a critical step for the unbiased analysis of microbial communities in metagenomic studies. Rapid freezing at -80 °C is usually considered to be best practice, but this approach is challenging. DNA stabilizing kits may provide a more convenient method to preserve and store clinical samples. We evaluated the reliability of two collection kits (Stratec stool collection tube with stabilizer, #1038111200 and OMNIgene.GUT OMR-200) on preserving fecal microbiota. METHODS Samples were collected from two locations of the fecal specimen, in four healthy volunteers. The samples were sub-aliquoted and stored in a -80 °C freezer, in Stratec and OMNIgene.GUT (incubation at ambient temperature for 0, 3, or 7 days). The fecal microbial composition was assessed by 16S rRNA sequencing. RESULTS We found that alpha diversity was not significantly affected by storage conditions. Samples stored in DNA stabilizers were still representative of the original microbial community after 7 days at ambient temperature. Individual differences were found to have a greater contribution to the differences in microbial community composition than storage conditions or sampling location. Samples subjected to stabilizers displayed microbial community shifts compared with immediately frozen samples. A linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) analysis showed that the relative abundances of Faecalibacterium were significantly higher in samples stored in Stratec kits. CONCLUSION Our study reveals that both Stratec and OMNIgene.GUT kits provide good microbiome preservation for up to 7 days in ambient temperature and would represent good options for fecal sample collection in large scale, population-based studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chieh-Chang Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Kai Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Bei-Hu Branch, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Min Chang
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core, Center of Genomic Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taiwan; Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taiwan
| | - Suraphan Panyod
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core, Center of Genomic Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Pin Lu
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core, Center of Genomic Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taiwan; Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Ming Liou
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jen Fang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Yunlin Branch, Yun-Lin, Taiwan
| | - Eric Y Chuang
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core, Center of Genomic Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taiwan; Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Shiang Wu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
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