1
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Mirzaei R, Campoccia D, Ravaioli S, Arciola CR. Emerging Issues and Initial Insights into Bacterial Biofilms: From Orthopedic Infection to Metabolomics. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:184. [PMID: 38391570 PMCID: PMC10885942 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13020184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms, enigmatic communities of microorganisms enclosed in an extracellular matrix, still represent an open challenge in many clinical contexts, including orthopedics, where biofilm-associated bone and joint infections remain the main cause of implant failure. This study explores the scenario of biofilm infections, with a focus on those related to orthopedic implants, highlighting recently emerged substantial aspects of the pathogenesis and their potential repercussions on the clinic, as well as the progress and gaps that still exist in the diagnostics and management of these infections. The classic mechanisms through which biofilms form and the more recently proposed new ones are depicted. The ways in which bacteria hide, become impenetrable to antibiotics, and evade the immune defenses, creating reservoirs of bacteria difficult to detect and reach, are delineated, such as bacterial dormancy within biofilms, entry into host cells, and penetration into bone canaliculi. New findings on biofilm formation with host components are presented. The article also delves into the emerging and critical concept of immunometabolism, a key function of immune cells that biofilm interferes with. The growing potential of biofilm metabolomics in the diagnosis and therapy of biofilm infections is highlighted, referring to the latest research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasoul Mirzaei
- Venom and Biotherapeutics Molecules Laboratory, Medical Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran 1316943551, Iran
| | - Davide Campoccia
- Laboratorio di Patologia delle Infezioni Associate all'Impianto, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Ravaioli
- Laboratorio di Patologia delle Infezioni Associate all'Impianto, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Carla Renata Arciola
- Laboratory of Immunorheumatology and Tissue Regeneration, Laboratory of Pathology of Implant Infections, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo 14, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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2
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Wells MJ, Currie H, Gordon VD. Physiological Concentrations of Calcium Interact with Alginate and Extracellular DNA in the Matrices of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms to Impede Phagocytosis by Neutrophils. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:17050-17058. [PMID: 37972353 PMCID: PMC10764079 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c01637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Biofilms are communities of interacting microbes embedded in a matrix of polymer, protein, and other materials. Biofilms develop distinct mechanical characteristics that depend on their predominant matrix components. These matrix components may be produced by microbes themselves or, for infections in vivo, incorporated from the host environment. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is a human pathogen that forms robust biofilms that extensively tolerate antibiotics and effectively evade clearance by the immune system. Two of the important bacterial-produced polymers in the matrices of P. aeruginosa biofilms are alginate and extracellular DNA (eDNA), both of which are anionic and therefore have the potential to interact electrostatically with cations. Many physiological sites of infection contain significant concentrations of the calcium ion (Ca2+). In this study, we investigate the structural and mechanical impacts of Ca2+ supplementation in alginate-dominated biofilms grown in vitro, and we evaluate the impact of targeted enzyme treatments on clearance by immune cells. We use multiple-particle tracking microrheology to evaluate the changes in biofilm viscoelasticity caused by treatment with alginate lyase or DNase I. For biofilms grown without Ca2+, we correlate a decrease in relative elasticity with increased phagocytic success. However, we find that growth with Ca2+ supplementation disrupts this correlation except in the case where both enzymes are applied. This suggests that the calcium cation may be impacting the microstructure of the biofilm in nontrivial ways. Indeed, confocal laser scanning fluorescence microscopy and scanning electron microscopy reveal unique Ca2+-dependent eDNA and alginate microstructures. Our results suggest that the presence of Ca2+ drives the formation of structurally and compositionally discrete microdomains within the biofilm through electrostatic interactions with the anionic matrix components eDNA and alginate. Further, we observe that these structures serve a protective function as the dissolution of both components is required to render biofilm bacteria vulnerable to phagocytosis by neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilyn J. Wells
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, 2515 Speedway, C1600, Austin, Texas 78712-1192, USA
- Center for Nonlinear Dynamics, The University of Texas at Austin, 2515 Speedway, Stop C1610, Austin, Texas 78712-11993, USA
| | - Hailey Currie
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, 2515 Speedway, C1600, Austin, Texas 78712-1192, USA
- Center for Nonlinear Dynamics, The University of Texas at Austin, 2515 Speedway, Stop C1610, Austin, Texas 78712-11993, USA
| | - Vernita D. Gordon
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, 2515 Speedway, C1600, Austin, Texas 78712-1192, USA
- Center for Nonlinear Dynamics, The University of Texas at Austin, 2515 Speedway, Stop C1610, Austin, Texas 78712-11993, USA
- Interdisciplinary Life Sciences Graduate Program, The University of Texas at Austin, Norman Hackerman Building, 100 East 24th St., NHB 4500, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
- LaMontagne Center for Infectious Disease, The University of Texas at Austin, Neural Molecular Science Building, 2506 Speedway, Stop A5000, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
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3
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Sheen YJ, Wang HC, Chen HM. An observation of short-wave near-infrared hyperspectral imaging in tracking of invisible post-traumatic subcutaneous lesions. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2023; 16:e202300116. [PMID: 37679867 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202300116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Post-traumatic soft tissue damage could persist for an extended period, and the non-traumatic side could be affected by indirect consequences. Hyperspectral imaging soft abundance scorer can identify these concealed and asymptomatic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Jing Sheen
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Center for Quantitative Imaging in Medicine (CQUIM), Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Che Wang
- Center for Quantitative Imaging in Medicine (CQUIM), Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsian-Min Chen
- Center for Quantitative Imaging in Medicine (CQUIM), Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hungkuang University, Taichung, Taiwan
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4
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Wells MJ, Currie H, Gordon VD. Physiological concentrations of calcium interact with alginate and extracellular DNA in the matrices of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms to impede phagocytosis by neutrophils. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.23.563605. [PMID: 37961083 PMCID: PMC10634743 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.23.563605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Biofilms are communities of interacting microbes embedded in a matrix of polymer, protein, and other materials. Biofilms develop distinct mechanical characteristics that depend on their predominant matrix components. These matrix components may be produced by microbes themselves or, for infections in vivo, incorporated from the host environment. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a human pathogen that forms robust biofilms that extensively tolerate antibiotics and effectively evade clearance by the immune system. Two of the important bacterial-produced polymers in the matrices of P. aeruginosa biofilms are alginate and extracellular DNA (eDNA), both of which are anionic and therefore have the potential to interact electrostatically with cations. Many physiological sites of infection contain significant concentrations of the calcium ion (Ca2+). In this study we investigate the structural and mechanical impacts of Ca2+ supplementation in alginate-dominated biofilms grown in vitro and we evaluate the impact of targeted enzyme treatments on clearance by immune cells. We use multiple particle tracking microrheology to evaluate the changes in biofilm viscoelasticity caused by treatment with alginate lyase and/or DNAse I. For biofilms grown without Ca2+, we correlate a decrease in relative elasticity with increased phagocytic success. However, we find that growth with Ca2+ supplementation disrupts this correlation except in the case where both enzymes are applied. This suggests that the calcium cation may be impacting the microstructure of the biofilm in non-trivial ways. Indeed, confocal laser scanning fluorescence microscopy and scanning electron microscopy reveal unique Ca2+-dependent eDNA and alginate microstructures. Our results suggest that the presence of Ca2+ drives the formation of structurally and compositionally discrete microdomains within the biofilm through electrostatic interactions with the anionic matrix components eDNA and alginate. Further, we observe that these structures serve a protective function as the dissolution of both components is required to render biofilm bacteria vulnerable to phagocytosis by neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilyn J. Wells
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, 2515 Speedway, C1600, Austin, Texas 78712-1192, USA
- Center for Nonlinear Dynamics, The University of Texas at Austin, 2515 Speedway, Stop C1610, Austin, Texas 78712-11993, USA
| | - Hailey Currie
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, 2515 Speedway, C1600, Austin, Texas 78712-1192, USA
- Center for Nonlinear Dynamics, The University of Texas at Austin, 2515 Speedway, Stop C1610, Austin, Texas 78712-11993, USA
| | - Vernita D. Gordon
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, 2515 Speedway, C1600, Austin, Texas 78712-1192, USA
- Center for Nonlinear Dynamics, The University of Texas at Austin, 2515 Speedway, Stop C1610, Austin, Texas 78712-11993, USA
- Interdisciplinary Life Sciences Graduate Program, The University of Texas at Austin, Norman Hackerman Building, 100 East 24th St., NHB 4500, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
- LaMontagne Center for Infectious Disease, The University of Texas at Austin, Neural Molecular Science Building, 2506 Speedway, Stop A5000, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
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Morris D, Flores M, Harris L, Gammon J, Nigam Y. Larval Therapy and Larval Excretions/Secretions: A Potential Treatment for Biofilm in Chronic Wounds? A Systematic Review. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11020457. [PMID: 36838422 PMCID: PMC9965881 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11020457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic wounds present a global healthcare challenge and are increasing in prevalence, with bacterial biofilms being the primary roadblock to healing in most cases. A systematic review of the to-date knowledge on larval therapy's interaction with chronic-wound biofilm is presented here. The findings detail how larval therapy-the controlled application of necrophagous blowfly larvae-acts on biofilms produced by chronic-wound-relevant bacteria through their principle pharmacological mode of action: the secretion and excretion of biologically active substances into the wound bed. A total of 12 inclusion-criteria-meeting publications were identified following the application of a PRISMA-guided methodology for a systematic review. The findings of these publications were qualitatively analyzed to provide a summary of the prevailing understanding of larval therapy's effects on bacterial biofilm. A further review assessed the quality of the existing evidence to identify knowledge gaps and suggest ways these may be bridged. In summary, larval therapy has a seemingly unarguable ability to inhibit and degrade bacterial biofilms associated with impaired wound healing. However, further research is needed to clarify and standardize the methodological approach in this area of investigation. Such research may lead to the clinical application of larval therapy or derivative treatments for the management of chronic-wound biofilms and improve patient healing outcomes at a time when alternative therapies are desperately needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Morris
- Faculty of Medicine, Health, and Life Science, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
- BioMonde, Bridgend CF31 3BG, UK
| | | | - Llinos Harris
- Faculty of Medicine, Health, and Life Science, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - John Gammon
- Faculty of Medicine, Health, and Life Science, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Yamni Nigam
- Faculty of Medicine, Health, and Life Science, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
- Correspondence:
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6
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Srichaiyapol O, Maddocks SE, Thammawithan S, Daduang S, Klaynongsruang S, Patramanon R. TA-AgNPs/Alginate Hydrogel and Its Potential Application as a Promising Antibiofilm Material against Polymicrobial Wound Biofilms Using a Unique Biofilm Flow Model. Microorganisms 2022; 10:2279. [PMID: 36422349 PMCID: PMC9692730 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10112279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The presence of biofilm within a chronic wound may delay the healing process. Thus, control of biofilm formation and providing bactericidal effect are crucial factors for wound healing management. Alginate-based nanocomposite hydrogels have been suggested as dressing materials for wound treatment, which are employed as a biocompatible matrix. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to develop a biocompatible antimicrobial wound dressing containing AgNPs and demonstrate its efficacy against polymicrobial wound biofilms by using a biofilm flow device to simulate a chronic infected, exuding wound and specific wound environment. The results from agar well diffusion, the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) assays showed that TA-AgNPs exhibited antibacterial activity against wound pathogens. Additionally, the Minimum Biofilm Eradication Concentration assay (MBEC) demonstrated it could impair biofilm formation. Importantly, our TA-AgNPs/Alginate hydrogel clearly showed antibacterial activities against Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Furthermore, we used the biofilm flow device to test the topical antimicrobial hydrogel against a three-species biofilm. We found that TA-AgNPs/Alginate hydrogel significantly showed a 3-4 log reduction in bacterial numbers when applied with multiple doses at 24 h intervals, and was especially effective against the chronic wound pathogen P. aeruginosa. This work highlighted that the TA-AgNPs/Alginate hydrogel is a promising material for treating complex wound biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oranee Srichaiyapol
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Sarah E. Maddocks
- Microbiology and Infection Research Group, Cardiff School of Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff CF5 2YB, UK
| | - Saengrawee Thammawithan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Sakda Daduang
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Protein and Proteomics Research Center for Commercial and Industrial Purposes (ProCCI), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Sompong Klaynongsruang
- Program Management Unit for Human Resources and Institutional Development, Research and Innovation (PMU-B), Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Rina Patramanon
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Protein and Proteomics Research Center for Commercial and Industrial Purposes (ProCCI), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
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7
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Wang W, Bao X, Bové M, Rigole P, Meng X, Su J, Coenye T. Antibiofilm Activities of Borneol-Citral-Loaded Pickering Emulsions against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus in Physiologically Relevant Chronic Infection Models. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0169622. [PMID: 36194139 PMCID: PMC9602683 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01696-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytochemicals are promising antibacterials for the development of novel antibiofilm drugs, but their antibiofilm activity in physiologically relevant model systems is poorly characterized. As the host microenvironment can interfere with the activity of the phytochemicals, mimicking the complex environment found in biofilm associated infections is essential to predict the clinical potential of novel phytochemical-based antimicrobials. In the present study, we examined the antibiofilm activity of borneol, citral, and combinations of both as well as their Pickering emulsions against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in an in vivo-like synthetic cystic fibrosis medium (SCFM2) model, an in vitro wound model (consisting of an artificial dermis and blood components at physiological levels), and an in vivo Galleria mellonella model. The Pickering emulsions demonstrated an enhanced biofilm inhibitory activity compared to both citral and the borneol/citral combination, reducing the minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration (MBIC) values up to 2 to 4 times against P. aeruginosa PAO1 and 2 to 8 times against S. aureus P8-AE1 in SCMF2. In addition, citral, the combination borneol/citral, and their Pickering emulsions can completely eliminate the established biofilm of S. aureus P8-AE1. The effectiveness of Pickering emulsions was also demonstrated in the wound model with a reduction of up to 4.8 log units in biofilm formation by S. aureus Mu50. Furthermore, citral and Pickering emulsions exhibited a significant degree of protection against S. aureus infection in the G. mellonella model. The present findings reveal the potential of citral- or borneol/citral-based Pickering emulsions as a type of alternative antibiofilm candidate to control pathogenicity in chronic infection. IMPORTANCE There is clearly an urgent need for novel formulations with antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity, but while there are plenty of studies investigating them using simple in vitro systems, there is a lack of studies in which (combinations of) phytochemicals are evaluated in relevant models that closely resemble the in vivo situation. Here, we examined the antibiofilm activity of borneol, citral, and their combination as well as Pickering emulsions (stabilized by solid particles) of these compounds. Activity was tested against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in in vitro models mimicking cystic fibrosis sputum and wounds as well as in an in vivo Galleria mellonella model. The Pickering emulsions showed drastically increased antibiofilm activity compared to that of the compounds as such in both in vitro models and protected G. mellonella larvae from S. aureus-induced killing. Our data show that Pickering emulsions from phytochemicals are potentially useful for treating specific biofilm-related chronic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Wang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- China-Singapore International Joint Research Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuerui Bao
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mona Bové
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Petra Rigole
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Xiaofeng Meng
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- China-Singapore International Joint Research Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianyu Su
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- China-Singapore International Joint Research Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tom Coenye
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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8
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Fan Gaskin JC, Wang BZ, Toalster N, Ang GS. Risk factors associated with
XEN
gel stent‐related endophthalmitis. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2022; 50:683-684. [DOI: 10.1111/ceo.14115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer C. Fan Gaskin
- Glaucoma Investigation and Research Unit Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital Melbourne Australia
- Centre for Eye Research Australia Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital Melbourne Australia
- Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery University of Melbourne Melbourne Australia
| | - Bob Z. Wang
- Glaucoma Investigation and Research Unit Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital Melbourne Australia
| | - Nicholas Toalster
- Glaucoma Investigation and Research Unit Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital Melbourne Australia
| | - Ghee Soon Ang
- Glaucoma Investigation and Research Unit Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital Melbourne Australia
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9
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Rahman MU, Fleming DF, Wang L, Rumbaugh KP, Gordon VD, Christopher GF. Microrheology of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms grown in wound beds. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2022; 8:49. [PMID: 35705574 PMCID: PMC9200728 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-022-00311-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A new technique was used to measure the viscoelasticity of in vivo Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms. This was done through ex vivo microrheology measurements of in vivo biofilms excised from mouse wound beds. To our knowledge, this is the first time that the mechanics of in vivo biofilms have been measured. In vivo results are then compared to typical in vitro measurements. Biofilms grown in vivo are more relatively elastic than those grown in a wound-like medium in vitro but exhibited similar compliance. Using various genetically mutated P. aeruginosa strains, it is observed that the contributions of the exopolysaccharides Pel, Psl, and alginate to biofilm viscoelasticity were different for the biofilms grown in vitro and in vivo. In vitro experiments with collagen containing medium suggest this likely arises from the incorporation of host material, most notably collagen, into the matrix of the biofilm when it is grown in vivo. Taken together with earlier studies that examined the in vitro effects of collagen on mechanical properties, we conclude that collagen may, in some cases, be the dominant contributor to biofilm viscoelasticity in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhaz Ur Rahman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Whitacre College of Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Derek F Fleming
- Department of Surgery, Texas Tech University Health Sciences, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Liyun Wang
- Department of Physics, Center for Nonlinear Dynamics, Interdisciplinary Life Sciences Graduate Programs, LaMontagne Center for Infectious Disease, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Kendra P Rumbaugh
- Department of Surgery, Texas Tech University Health Sciences, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Vernita D Gordon
- Department of Physics, Center for Nonlinear Dynamics, Interdisciplinary Life Sciences Graduate Programs, LaMontagne Center for Infectious Disease, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Gordon F Christopher
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Whitacre College of Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA.
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10
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Stevanović MM, Filipović N, Kuzmanović M, Tomić N, Ušjak D, Milenković M, Zheng K, Stampfl J, Boccaccini AR. Synthesis and characterization of a collagen-based composite material containing selenium nanoparticles. J Biomater Appl 2022; 36:1800-1811. [DOI: 10.1177/08853282211073731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant bacterial strains represent an emerging global health threat and a great obstacle for bone tissue engineering. One of the major components of the extracellular matrix of the bone is a collagen protein, while selenium is an element that has antimicrobial potential, and is also important for bone metabolism and bone health. Here we represent the incorporation of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) synthesized by the green chemical reduction method into collagen gels to produce a composite material, collagen/SeNPs, with antimicrobial properties. The samples were comprehensively characterized by zeta potential measurements, dynamic light scattering inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), optical microscopy, field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and differential scanning calorimetry The cytotoxicity of the SeNPS, as well as collagen/SeNPs, was tested on the MRC-5 cells. It was revealed that collagen/SeNPS expressed a lower cytotoxic effect. Collagen/SeNPs showed significant antibacterial activity against all tested Gram-positive strains, the major causative agents of orthopedic infections as well as Candida albicans. Furthermore, three-dimensional β-tricalcium phosphate (3D-TCP) scaffolds were fabricated by a well-established 3D printing (lithography) method, and afterward preliminary coated by newly-synthesized SeNPs or collagen/SeNPs. In addition, uncoated 3D-TCP scaffolds as well as coated by collagen/SeNPs were subjected to biofilm formation. The production of Staphylococcus aureus biofilm on coated scaffolds by collagen/SeNPs was significantly reduced compared to the uncoated ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena M Stevanović
- Institute of Technical Sciences of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Beograd, Serbia
| | - Nenad Filipović
- Institute of Technical Sciences of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Beograd, Serbia
| | - Maja Kuzmanović
- Institute of Technical Sciences of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Beograd, Serbia
| | - Nina Tomić
- Institute of Technical Sciences of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Beograd, Serbia
| | - Dušan Ušjak
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Belgrade Faculty of Pharmacy, Beograd, Serbia
| | - Marina Milenković
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Belgrade Faculty of Pharmacy, Beograd, Serbia
| | - Kai Zheng
- Institute of Biomaterials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Juergen Stampfl
- Institute of Materials Science and Technology, TU Wien, Wien, Austria
| | - Aldo R Boccaccini
- Institute of Biomaterials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
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11
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Medina Lopez AI, Fregoso DR, Gallegos A, Yoon DJ, Fuentes JJ, Crawford R, Kaba H, Yang H, Isseroff RR. Beta adrenergic receptor antagonist can modify
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
biofilm formation in vitro: Implications for chronic wounds. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22057. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100717rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel R. Fregoso
- Department of Dermatology University of California, Davis Davis California USA
| | - Anthony Gallegos
- Department of Dermatology University of California, Davis Davis California USA
| | - Daniel J. Yoon
- Department of Dermatology University of California, Davis Davis California USA
| | - Jaime J. Fuentes
- Department of Biological Sciences California State University Sacramento Sacramento California USA
| | - Robert Crawford
- Department of Biological Sciences California State University Sacramento Sacramento California USA
| | - Hawa Kaba
- Department of Dermatology University of California, Davis Davis California USA
| | - Hsin‐ya Yang
- Department of Dermatology University of California, Davis Davis California USA
| | - R. Rivkah Isseroff
- Department of Dermatology University of California, Davis Davis California USA
- Dermatology Section VA Northern California Health Care System Mather USA
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12
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Mirzaei R, Sabokroo N, Ahmadyousefi Y, Motamedi H, Karampoor S. Immunometabolism in biofilm infection: lessons from cancer. Mol Med 2022; 28:10. [PMID: 35093033 PMCID: PMC8800364 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-022-00435-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biofilm is a community of bacteria embedded in an extracellular matrix, which can colonize different human cells and tissues and subvert the host immune reactions by preventing immune detection and polarizing the immune reactions towards an anti-inflammatory state, promoting the persistence of biofilm-embedded bacteria in the host. MAIN BODY OF THE MANUSCRIPT It is now well established that the function of immune cells is ultimately mediated by cellular metabolism. The immune cells are stimulated to regulate their immune functions upon sensing danger signals. Recent studies have determined that immune cells often display distinct metabolic alterations that impair their immune responses when triggered. Such metabolic reprogramming and its physiological implications are well established in cancer situations. In bacterial infections, immuno-metabolic evaluations have primarily focused on macrophages and neutrophils in the planktonic growth mode. CONCLUSION Based on differences in inflammatory reactions of macrophages and neutrophils in planktonic- versus biofilm-associated bacterial infections, studies must also consider the metabolic functions of immune cells against biofilm infections. The profound characterization of the metabolic and immune cell reactions could offer exciting novel targets for antibiofilm therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasoul Mirzaei
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
- Venom and Biotherapeutics Molecules Lab, Medical Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Niloofar Sabokroo
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Yaghoub Ahmadyousefi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Hamid Motamedi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Sajad Karampoor
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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13
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Hijacking host components for bacterial biofilm formation: An advanced mechanism. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 103:108471. [PMID: 34952466 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Biofilm is a community of bacteria embedded in the extracellular matrix that accounts for 80% of bacterial infections. Biofilm enables bacterial cells to provide particular conditions and produce virulence determinants in response to the unavailability of micronutrients and local oxygen, resulting in their resistance to various antibacterial agents. Besides, the human immune reactions are not completely competent in the elimination of biofilm. Most importantly, the growing body of evidence shows that some bacterial spp. use a variety of mechanisms by which hijack the host components to form biofilm. In this regard, host components, such as DNA, hyaluronan, collagen, fibronectin, mucin, oligosaccharide moieties, filamentous polymers (F-actin), plasma, platelets, keratin, sialic acid, laminin, vitronectin, C3- and C4- binding proteins, antibody, proteases, factor I, factor H, and acidic proline-rich proteins have been reviewed. Hence, the characterization of interactions between bacterial biofilm and the host would be critical to effectively address biofilm-associated infections. In this paper, we review the latest information on the hijacking of host factors by bacteria to form biofilm.
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14
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Kadam S, Madhusoodhanan V, Dhekane R, Bhide D, Ugale R, Tikhole U, Kaushik KS. Milieu matters: An in vitro wound milieu to recapitulate key features of, and probe new insights into, mixed-species bacterial biofilms. Biofilm 2021; 3:100047. [PMID: 33912828 PMCID: PMC8065265 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioflm.2021.100047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms are a major cause of delayed wound healing. Consequently, the study of wound biofilms, particularly in host-relevant conditions, has gained importance. Most in vitro studies employ refined laboratory media to study biofilms, representing conditions that are not relevant to the infection state. To mimic the wound milieu, in vitro biofilm studies often incorporate serum or plasma in growth conditions, or employ clot or matrix-based biofilm models. While incorporating serum or plasma alone is a minimalistic approach, the more complex in vitro wound models are technically demanding, and poorly compatible with standard biofilm assays. Based on previous reports of clinical wound fluid composition, we have developed an in vitro wound milieu (IVWM) that includes, in addition to serum (to recapitulate wound fluid), matrix elements and biochemical factors. With Luria-Bertani broth and Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) for comparison, the IVWM was used to study planktonic growth, biofilm features, and interspecies interactions, of common wound pathogens, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. We demonstrate that the IVWM recapitulates widely reported in vivo biofilm features such as biomass formation, metabolic activity, increased antibiotic tolerance, 3D structure, and interspecies interactions for monospecies and mixed-species biofilms. Further, the IVWM is simple to formulate, uses laboratory-grade components, and is compatible with standard biofilm assays. Given this, it holds potential as a tractable approach to study wound biofilms under host-relevant conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snehal Kadam
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Vandana Madhusoodhanan
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Radhika Dhekane
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Devyani Bhide
- MES Abasaheb Garware College of Arts and Science, Pune, India
| | - Rutuja Ugale
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Utkarsha Tikhole
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Karishma S. Kaushik
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
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15
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Kim H, Aquino M, Izadjoo M. Development and assessment of a high-throughput biofilm and biomass testing platform. J Wound Care 2021; 30:S36-S46. [PMID: 34256585 DOI: 10.12968/jowc.2021.30.sup7.s36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop and evaluate a simple platform technology for developing static biofilms in a 96-well microtitre plate for various downstream applications. The technology allows monitoring of growth rate, biofilm formation and quantifying biofilm biomass by using crystal violet (CV) and safranin O (SO) staining over seven-day time periods for pathogens including clinical isolates most commonly associated with hard-to-treat wound infections. METHOD A total of 157 bacteria including Acinetobacter, Enterobacter, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas and Staphylococcus spp. were used in the study. Bacterial growth was measured at 600nm optical density (OD). Biofilm formation was monitored and assessed quantitatively with CV at 570nm and SO staining at 492nm for one-, two-, three- and seven-day incubation periods. RESULTS Bacterial growth rate and static biofilm biomass in the 96-well plates varied for various strains tested. Both CV and SO staining showed similar results in the biomass, with SO assay displaying more reproducible data throughout the study. Most of the strains were metabolically active even at the seven-day incubation period. Microbial adherences of all bacterial strains on the plastic surface was assessed with CV staining: 28 Acinetobacter, 17 Staphylococcus, 12 Pseudomonas and four Enterobacter strains were strong biofilm producers. Moderate biofilm-producing strains included 27 Staphylococcus, 14 Acinetobacter, eight Pseudomonas and three Enterobacter. Weak biofilm-producing strains included: 33 Staphylococcus, six Enterobacter, two Pseudomonas and one Acinetobacter. Only one Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain did not develop biofilm. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate the feasibility of using 96-well microtitre plates as a high-throughput platform for quantitative measurement and assessment of biofilm development over time. Studying microbial adherence or biofilm biomass generated on various surfaces using a high-throughput system could provide valuable information for in vitro testing and developing therapeutics for biofilm infections. Employing the biofilm testing platform described in this study makes it possible to simultaneously develop different biofilms formed by specific pathogens, and study potential association between the quantity of bacterial biomass and strength of a biofilm formed by specific wound pathogens. In addition, the described testing approach could provide an optimal model for standardised and high-throughput screening of candidate antibiofilm therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hosan Kim
- Integrated Pharma Services, Rockville, MD, US
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16
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Rahman MU, Fleming DF, Sinha I, Rumbaugh KP, Gordon VD, Christopher GF. Effect of collagen and EPS components on the viscoelasticity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:6225-6237. [PMID: 34109345 PMCID: PMC8283923 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm00463h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that causes thousands of deaths every year in part due to its ability to form biofilms composed of bacteria embedded in a matrix of self-secreted extracellular polysaccharides (EPS), e-DNA, and proteins. In chronic wounds, biofilms are exposed to the host extracellular matrix, of which collagen is a major component. How bacterial EPS interacts with host collagen and whether this interaction affects biofilm viscoelasticity is not well understood. Since physical disruption of biofilms is often used in their removal, knowledge of collagen's effects on biofilm viscoelasticity may enable new treatment strategies that are better tuned to biofilms growing in host environments. In this work, biofilms are grown in the presence of different concentrations of collagen that mimic in vivo conditions. In order to explore collagen's interaction with EPS, nine strains of P. aeruginosa with different patterns of EPS production were used to grow biofilms. Particle tracking microrheology was used to characterize the mechanical development of biofilms over two days. Collagen is found to decrease biofilm compliance and increase relative elasticity regardless of the EPS present in the system. However, this effect is minimized when biofilms overproduce EPS. Collagen appears to become a de facto component of the EPS, through binding to bacteria or physical entanglement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhaz Ur Rahman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Whitacre College of Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA.
| | - Derek F Fleming
- Department of Surgery, Texas Tech Health Sciences, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Indranil Sinha
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Whitacre College of Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA.
| | | | - Vernita D Gordon
- Department of Physics, Center for Nonlinear Dynamics, Interdisciplinary Life Sciences Graduate Programs, LaMontagne Center for Infectious Disease, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Gordon F Christopher
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Whitacre College of Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA.
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17
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Castelo-Branco DDSCM, Amando BR, Ocadaque CJ, Aguiar LD, Paiva DDDQ, Diógenes EM, Guedes GMDM, Costa CL, Santos-Filho ASP, Andrade ARCD, Cordeiro RDA, Rocha MFG, Sidrim JJC. Mini-review: from in vitro to ex vivo studies: an overview of alternative methods for the study of medical biofilms. BIOFOULING 2020; 36:1129-1148. [PMID: 33349038 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2020.1859499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Microbial biofilms are a natural adaptation of microorganisms, typically composed of multiple microbial species, exhibiting complex community organization and cooperation. Biofilm dynamics and their complex architecture are challenging for basic analyses, including the number of viable cells, biomass accumulation, biofilm morphology, among others. The methods used to study biofilms range from in vitro techniques to complex in vivo models. However, animal welfare has become a major concern, not only in society, but also in the academic and scientific field. Thus, the pursuit for alternatives to in vivo biofilm analyses presenting characteristics that mimic in vivo conditions has become essential. In this context, the present review proposes to provide an overview of strategies to study biofilms of medical interest, with emphasis on alternatives that approximate experimental conditions to host-associated environments, such as the use of medical devices as substrata for biofilm formation, microcosm and ex vivo models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora de Souza Collares Maia Castelo-Branco
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Group of Applied Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Bruno Rocha Amando
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Group of Applied Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Crister José Ocadaque
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Group of Applied Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Lara de Aguiar
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Sciences, College of Veterinary, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Débora Damásio de Queiroz Paiva
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Group of Applied Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Expedito Maia Diógenes
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Group of Applied Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Glaucia Morgana de Melo Guedes
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Group of Applied Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Cecília Leite Costa
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Group of Applied Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Anísio Silvestre Pinheiro Santos-Filho
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Group of Applied Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Ana Raquel Colares de Andrade
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Rossana de Aguiar Cordeiro
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Marcos Fábio Gadelha Rocha
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Sciences, College of Veterinary, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - José Júlio Costa Sidrim
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
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18
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Faustino CMC, Lemos SMC, Monge N, Ribeiro IAC. A scope at antifouling strategies to prevent catheter-associated infections. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 284:102230. [PMID: 32961420 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2020.102230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The use of invasive medical devices is becoming more common nowadays, with catheters representing one of the most used medical devices. However, there is a risk of infection associated with the use of these devices, since they are made of materials that are prone to bacterial adhesion with biofilm formation, often requiring catheter removal as the only therapeutic option. Catheter-related urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) and central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs) are among the most common causes of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) worldwide while endotracheal intubation is responsible for ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). Therefore, to avoid the use of biocides due to the potential risk of bacterial resistance development, antifouling strategies aiming at the prevention of bacterial adherence and colonization of catheter surfaces represent important alternative measures. This review is focused on the main strategies that are able to modify the physical or chemical properties of biomaterials, leading to the creation of antiadhesive surfaces. The most promising approaches include coating the surfaces with hydrophilic polymers, such as poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), poly(acrylamide) and poly(acrylates), betaine-based zwitterionic polymers and amphiphilic polymers or the use of bulk-modified poly(urethanes). Natural polysaccharides and its modifications with heparin, have also been used to improve hemocompatibility. Recently developed bioinspired techniques yielding very promising results in the prevention of bacterial adhesion and colonization of surfaces include slippery liquid-infused porous surfaces (SLIPS) based on the superhydrophilic rim of the pitcher plant and the Sharklet topography inspired by the shark skin, which are potential candidates as surface-modifying approaches for biomedical devices. Concerning the potential application of most of these strategies in catheters, more in vivo studies and clinical trials are needed to assure their efficacy and safety for possible future use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Célia M C Faustino
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sara M C Lemos
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Nuno Monge
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Estudos Educacionais (CIED), Escola Superior de Educação de Lisboa, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Campus de Benfica do IPL, 1549-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Isabel A C Ribeiro
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal.
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19
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Rozman NAS, Tong WY, Leong CR, Anuar MR, Karim S, Ong SK, Yusof FAM, Tan WN, Sulaiman B, Ooi ML, Lee KC. Homalomena pineodora essential oil nanoparticle inhibits diabetic wound pathogens. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3307. [PMID: 32094395 PMCID: PMC7039930 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60364-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Essential oil of Homalomena pineodora inhibits diabetic pathogens; however, the activity was not sustainable when applied as wound dressing. This study aims to synthesise the essential oil nanoparticle using chitosan. The nanoparticles were synthesised with ion gelation method, confirmed by spectroscopic analysis. The spherical nanoparticles display a size of 70 nm, with strong surface charge of +24.10 mV. The nanoparticles showed an initial burst release followed by a slow release pattern for 72 h, following the first order of kinetic. The release behaviour was ideal for wound dressing. The antimicrobial activity was broad spectrum. The formation of nanoparticle enhanced the antimicrobial efficacy of the essential oil. The nanoparticle also showed a concentration-dependent killing behaviour on time-kill assay. In the 3D collagen wound models, the nanoparticles reduced the microbial growth by 60-80%. In conclusion, H. pineodora nanoparticles showed pharmaceutical potential in inhibiting microbial growth on diabetic ulcers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Amiera Syuhada Rozman
- Drug Discovery and Delivery Research Laboratory, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Malaysian Institute of Chemical and Engineering Technology, Lot 1988 Kawasan Perindustrian Bandar Vendor, Taboh Naning, 78000, Alor Gajah, Melaka, Malaysia
| | - Woei Yenn Tong
- Drug Discovery and Delivery Research Laboratory, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Malaysian Institute of Chemical and Engineering Technology, Lot 1988 Kawasan Perindustrian Bandar Vendor, Taboh Naning, 78000, Alor Gajah, Melaka, Malaysia.
| | - Chean Ring Leong
- Drug Discovery and Delivery Research Laboratory, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Malaysian Institute of Chemical and Engineering Technology, Lot 1988 Kawasan Perindustrian Bandar Vendor, Taboh Naning, 78000, Alor Gajah, Melaka, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Razealy Anuar
- Drug Discovery and Delivery Research Laboratory, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Malaysian Institute of Chemical and Engineering Technology, Lot 1988 Kawasan Perindustrian Bandar Vendor, Taboh Naning, 78000, Alor Gajah, Melaka, Malaysia
| | - Sabrina Karim
- Drug Discovery and Delivery Research Laboratory, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Malaysian Institute of Chemical and Engineering Technology, Lot 1988 Kawasan Perindustrian Bandar Vendor, Taboh Naning, 78000, Alor Gajah, Melaka, Malaysia
| | - Siew Kooi Ong
- Drug Discovery and Delivery Research Laboratory, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Malaysian Institute of Chemical and Engineering Technology, Lot 1988 Kawasan Perindustrian Bandar Vendor, Taboh Naning, 78000, Alor Gajah, Melaka, Malaysia
| | - Fahmi Asyadi Md Yusof
- Drug Discovery and Delivery Research Laboratory, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Malaysian Institute of Chemical and Engineering Technology, Lot 1988 Kawasan Perindustrian Bandar Vendor, Taboh Naning, 78000, Alor Gajah, Melaka, Malaysia
| | - Wen-Nee Tan
- School of Distance Education, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Gelugor, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Baharuddin Sulaiman
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Gelugor, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Mei Lee Ooi
- Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Barat (Perak Campus), 31900, Kampar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Kok Chang Lee
- Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Barat (Perak Campus), 31900, Kampar, Perak, Malaysia
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20
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Price BL, Morley R, Bowling FL, Lovering AM, Dobson CB. Susceptibility of monomicrobial or polymicrobial biofilms derived from infected diabetic foot ulcers to topical or systemic antibiotics in vitro. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228704. [PMID: 32069293 PMCID: PMC7028275 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic foot ulcers can become chronic and non-healing despite systemic antibiotic treatment. The penetration of systematically-administered antibiotics to the site of infection is uncertain, as is the effectiveness of such levels against polymicrobial biofilms. We have developed an in vitro model to study the effectiveness of different treatments for infected diabetic foot ulcers in a wound-like environment and compared the activity of systemic levels of antibiotics with that for topically applied antibiotics released from calcium sulfate beads. This is the first study that has harvested bacteria from diabetic foot infections and recreated similar polymicrobial biofilms to those present in vivo for individual subjects. After treatment with levels of gentamicin attained in serum after systemic administration (higher than corresponding tissues concentrations) we measured a 0-2 log reduction in bacterial viability of P. aeruginosa, S. aureus or a polymicrobial biofilm. Conversely, addition of gentamicin loaded calcium sulfate beads resulted in 5-9 log reductions in P. aeruginosa, S aureus and polymicrobial biofilms derived from three subjects. We conclude that systemically administered antibiotics are likely to be inadequate for successfully treating these infections, especially given the vastly increased concentrations required to inhibit cells in a biofilm, and that topical antibiotics provide a more effective alternative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca L. Price
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Morley
- Podiatric Surgery Dept, Buxton Hospital, Derbyshire Community Health Services NHS Foundation Trust, Bakewell, United Kingdom
| | - Frank L. Bowling
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology & Gastroenterology, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew M. Lovering
- Microbiology Department, Antimicrobial Reference Laboratory, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Curtis B. Dobson
- Medical Device Biology Group, Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health (FBMH), University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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21
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Hou W, Liu Y, Wu S, Zhang H, Guo B, Zhang B, Qin XJ, Li H. Preadsorption of Serum Proteins Regulates Bacterial Infections and Subsequent Macrophage Phagocytosis on Biomaterial Surfaces. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2019; 2:5957-5964. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b00890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjia Hou
- Key laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Key laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Songze Wu
- Key laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Haitao Zhang
- Key laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Bing Guo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Botao Zhang
- Key laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Xing-jun Qin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Hua Li
- Key laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
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22
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Day CJ, Hartley-Tassell LE, Seib KL, Tiralongo J, Bovin N, Savino S, Masignani V, Jennings MP. Lectin activity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa vaccine candidates PSE17-1, PSE41-5 and PSE54. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 513:287-290. [PMID: 30954224 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.03.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that causes nosocomial infections most commonly in immunocompromised, cystic fibrosis (CF) and burns patients. The pilin and Pseudomonas lectins 1 (PA-IL) and 2 (PA-IIL) are known glycan-binding proteins of P. aeruginosa that are involved in adherence to host cells, particularly CF host airways. Recently, new P. aeruginosa surface proteins were identified by reverse vaccinology and tested in vivo as potential vaccine antigens. Three of these, namely PSE17-1, PSE41-5 and PSE54, were screened for glycan binding using glycan arrays displaying glycan structures representative of those found on human cells. Surface plasmon resonance was used to confirm the lectin activity of these proteins, and determined affinities with several host glycans to be in the nanomolar range. PSE17-1 binds hyaluronic acid and sialyl Lewis A and X. PSE41-5 binds terminal β-linked galactose structures, Lewis and ABO blood group antigens. PSE54 binds to ABO blood group antigens and some terminal β-linked galactose. All three proteins are novel lectins of P. aeruginosa with potential roles in infection of host cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Day
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, 4222, Australia
| | | | - Kate L Seib
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, 4222, Australia
| | - Joe Tiralongo
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, 4222, Australia
| | - Nicolai Bovin
- Shemyakin Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | - Michael P Jennings
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, 4222, Australia.
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23
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Hou W, Liu Y, Zhang B, He X, Li H. Adsorption-associated orientational changes of immunoglobulin G and regulated phagocytosis of Staphylococcus epidermidis. J Biomed Mater Res A 2018; 106:2838-2849. [PMID: 30194904 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the adsorption of immunoglobulin G (IgG) on biomaterials surfaces is crucial for design and modification of the surfaces to alleviate inflammatory responses after implantation. Here, we report direct visualization and two-dimensional (2D) image interpretation of the IgG molecule adsorbed on simplified surfaces by single particle electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. Influence of the orientational changes in adsorbed IgG on phagocytosis of macrophages against Staphylococcus epidermidis is further examined. Untreated amorphous carbon film and -COOH and -NH2 grafted carbon films are employed as the model surfaces for the adsorption testing. Results show that IgG displays flat orientation lying on the untreated surface, while forms vertical orientations standing on the functionalized surfaces. These specific spatial alignments are associated with altered unfolding extent and structure rearrangement of IgG domains, which are influenced synergistically by surface charge and wettability of the substrata. The changes in interdomain distance of IgG molecules subsequently regulate immune behaviors of macrophages and phagocytosis of S. epidermidis. The results would give insight into appropriate design of biomaterial surfaces in nanoscales for desired inflammatory responses. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 2838-2849, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjia Hou
- Key laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Key laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Botao Zhang
- Key laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Xiaoyan He
- Key laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Hua Li
- Key laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
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24
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Weerasekera D, Stengel F, Sticht H, de Mattos Guaraldi AL, Burkovski A, Azevedo Antunes C. The C-terminal coiled-coil domain of Corynebacterium diphtheriae DIP0733 is crucial for interaction with epithelial cells and pathogenicity in invertebrate animal model systems. BMC Microbiol 2018; 18:106. [PMID: 30180805 PMCID: PMC6123952 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-018-1247-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Corynebacterium diphtheriae is the etiologic agent of diphtheria and different systemic infections. The bacterium has been classically described as an extracellular pathogen. However, a number of studies revealed its ability to invade epithelial cells, indicating a more complex pathogen-host interaction. The molecular mechanisms controlling and facilitating internalization of C. diphtheriae still remains unclear. Recently, the DIP0733 transmembrane protein was found to play an important role in the interaction with matrix proteins and cell surfaces, nematode colonization, cellular internalization and induction of cell death. Results In this study, we identified a number of short linear motifs and structural elements of DIP0733 with putative importance in virulence, using bioinformatic approaches. A C-terminal coiled-coil region of the protein was considered particularly important, since it was found only in DIP0733 homologs in pathogenic Corynebacterium species but not in non-pathogenic corynebacteria. Infections of epithelial cells and transepithelial resistance assays revealed that bacteria expressing the truncated form of C. diphtheriae DIP0733 and C. glutamicum DIP0733 homolog are less virulent, while the fusion of the coiled-coil sequence to the DIP0733 homolog from C. glutamicum resulted in increased pathogenicity. These results were supported by nematode killing assays and experiments using wax moth larvae as invertebrate model systems. Conclusions Our data indicate that the coil-coiled domain of DIP0733 is crucial for interaction with epithelial cells and pathogenicity in invertebrate animal model systems. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12866-018-1247-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dulanthi Weerasekera
- Microbiology Division, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Franziska Stengel
- Microbiology Division, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Heinrich Sticht
- Division of Bioinformatics, Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ana Luíza de Mattos Guaraldi
- Laboratory of Diphtheria and Corynebacteria of Clinical Relevance-LDCIC, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Andreas Burkovski
- Microbiology Division, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Camila Azevedo Antunes
- Microbiology Division, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany. .,Laboratory of Diphtheria and Corynebacteria of Clinical Relevance-LDCIC, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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25
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Blanchette KA, Wenke JC. Current therapies in treatment and prevention of fracture wound biofilms: why a multifaceted approach is essential for resolving persistent infections. J Bone Jt Infect 2018; 3:50-67. [PMID: 29761067 PMCID: PMC5949568 DOI: 10.7150/jbji.23423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic orthopedic injuries, particularly extremity wounds, are a significant cause of morbidity. Despite prophylactic antibiotic treatment and surgical intervention, persistent infectious complications can and do occur. Persistent bacterial infections are often caused by biofilms, communities of antibiotic tolerant bacteria encased within a matrix. The structural and metabolic differences in this mode of growth make treatment difficult. Herein, we describe both established and novel, experimental treatments targeted at various stages of wound healing that are specifically aimed at reducing and eliminating biofilm bacteria. Importantly, the highly tolerant nature of these bacterial communities suggests that most singular approaches could be circumvented and a multifaceted, combinatorial approach will be the most effective strategy for treating these complicated infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joseph C Wenke
- US Army Institute of Surgical Research, Ft Sam Houston, TX
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26
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Abstract
Corynebacterium diphtheriae, Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis and Corynebacterium ulcerans share one distinctive feature: they are all putative carriers of the diphtheria toxin (DT), encoded by a β-corynephage integrated into the genome. Due to its medical relevance, C. diphtheriae may be the most highly investigated species of the genus Corynebacterium. Nevertheless, systemic infections caused by C. ulcerans are increasingly being reported indicating that this species is an emerging pathogen today. C. diphtheriae, C. pseudotuberculosis and C. ulcerans are able to colonize different types of epithelial cells in a strain-specific manner, independent of the presence of the tox gene. However, the molecular mechanisms contributing to host colonization are barely understood. This review gives a comprehensive update of recent data concerning the adhesion properties of toxigenic corynebacteria, demonstrating that adhesion is a multi-factorial process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Ott
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Professur für Mikrobiologie, Staudtstr. 5, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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27
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Alves PM, Al-Badi E, Withycombe C, Jones PM, Purdy KJ, Maddocks SE. Interaction between Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa is beneficial for colonisation and pathogenicity in a mixed biofilm. Pathog Dis 2018; 76:4803945. [DOI: 10.1093/femspd/fty003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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28
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Peixoto RS, Antunes CA, Lourêdo LS, Viana VG, Santos CSD, Fuentes Ribeiro da Silva J, Hirata R, Hacker E, Mattos-Guaraldi AL, Burkovski A. Functional characterization of the collagen-binding protein DIP2093 and its influence on host-pathogen interaction and arthritogenic potential of Corynebacterium diphtheriae. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2017; 163:692-701. [PMID: 28535857 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.000467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Corynebacterium diphtheriae is typically recognized as the a etiological agent of diphtheria, a toxaemic infection of the respiratory tract; however, both non-toxigenic and toxigenic strains are increasingly isolated from cases of invasive infections. The molecular mechanisms responsible for bacterial colonization and dissemination to host tissues remain only partially understood. In this report, we investigated the role of DIP2093, described as a putative adhesin of the serine-aspartate repeat (Sdr) protein family in host-pathogen interactions of C. diphtheriae wild-type strain NCTC13129. Compared to the parental strain, a DIP2093 mutant RN generated in this study was attenuated in its ability to bind to type I collagen, to adhere to and invade epithelial cells, as well as to survive within macrophages. Furthermore, DIP2093 mutant strain RN had a less detrimental impact on the viability of Caenorhabditis elegans as well as in the clinical severity of arthritis in mice. In conclusion, DIP2093 functions as a microbial surface component recognizing adhesive matrix molecules, and may be included among the factors that contribute to the pathogenicity of C. diphtheriae strains, independently of toxin production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Stavracakis Peixoto
- Professur für Mikrobiologie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Medical Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Rio de Janeiro Federal University, (IMPPG/UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Laboratory of Diphtheria and Corynebacteria of Clinical Relevance-LDCIC, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University - UERJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Camila Azevedo Antunes
- Professur für Mikrobiologie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Laboratory of Diphtheria and Corynebacteria of Clinical Relevance-LDCIC, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University - UERJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Liliane Simpson Lourêdo
- Laboratory of Diphtheria and Corynebacteria of Clinical Relevance-LDCIC, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University - UERJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,National Institute for Quality Control in Health (INCQS), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz- FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Vanilda Gonçalves Viana
- Laboratory of Diphtheria and Corynebacteria of Clinical Relevance-LDCIC, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University - UERJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Cintia Silva Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Diphtheria and Corynebacteria of Clinical Relevance-LDCIC, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University - UERJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Jemima Fuentes Ribeiro da Silva
- Ultrastructure and Tissue Biology, Department of Histology and Embryology, Roberto Alcântara Gomes Biology Institute - iBRAG - UERJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Raphael Hirata
- Laboratory of Diphtheria and Corynebacteria of Clinical Relevance-LDCIC, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University - UERJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Elena Hacker
- Professur für Mikrobiologie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ana Luíza Mattos-Guaraldi
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Rio de Janeiro Federal University, (IMPPG/UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Laboratory of Diphtheria and Corynebacteria of Clinical Relevance-LDCIC, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University - UERJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Andreas Burkovski
- Professur für Mikrobiologie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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29
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Peixoto RS, Hacker E, Antunes CA, Weerasekera D, Dias AA, Martins CA, Hirata R, Santos KRND, Burkovski A, Mattos-Guaraldi AL. Pathogenic properties of a Corynebacterium diphtheriae strain isolated from a case of osteomyelitis. J Med Microbiol 2017; 65:1311-1321. [PMID: 27902402 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Corynebacterium diphtheriae is typically recognized as a colonizer of the upper respiratory tract (respiratory diphtheria) and the skin (cutaneous diphtheria). However, different strains of Corynebacteriumdiphtheriae can also cause invasive infections. In this study, the characterization of a non-toxigenic Corynebacteriumdiphtheriae strain (designated BR-INCA5015) isolated from osteomyelitis in the frontal bone of a patient with adenoid cystic carcinoma was performed. Pathogenic properties of the strain BR-INCA5015 were tested in a Caenorhabditis elegans survival assay showing strong colonization and killing by this strain. Survival rates of 3.8±2.7 %, 33.6±7.3 % and 0 % were observed for strains ATCC 27010T, ATCC 27012 and BR-INCA5015, respectively, at day 7. BR-INCA5015 was able to colonize epithelial cells, showing elevated capacity to adhere to and survive within HeLa cells compared to other Corynebacteriumdiphtheriae isolates. Intracellular survival in macrophages (THP-1 and RAW 264.7) was significantly higher compared to control strains ATCC 27010T (non-toxigenic) and ATCC 27012 (toxigenic). Furthermore, the ability of BR-INCA5015 to induce osteomyelitis was confirmed by in vivo assay using Swiss Webster mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Stavracakis Peixoto
- Professur für Mikrobiologie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Medical Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Rio de Janeiro Federal University (IMPPG/UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Laboratory of Diphtheria and Corynebacteria of Clinical Relevance-LDCIC, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University - UERJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Elena Hacker
- Professur für Mikrobiologie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Camila Azevedo Antunes
- Professur für Mikrobiologie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Laboratory of Diphtheria and Corynebacteria of Clinical Relevance-LDCIC, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University - UERJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Dulanthi Weerasekera
- Professur für Mikrobiologie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - A A Dias
- National Institute for Quality Control in Health (INCQS), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto Martins
- Brazilian National Cancer Institute - Ministry of Health, INCA, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Raphael Hirata
- Laboratory of Diphtheria and Corynebacteria of Clinical Relevance-LDCIC, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University - UERJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Kátia Regina Netto Dos Santos
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Rio de Janeiro Federal University (IMPPG/UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Andreas Burkovski
- Professur für Mikrobiologie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ana Luíza Mattos-Guaraldi
- Laboratory of Diphtheria and Corynebacteria of Clinical Relevance-LDCIC, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University - UERJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Department of Medical Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Rio de Janeiro Federal University (IMPPG/UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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30
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Romanò C, De Vecchi E, Bortolin M, Morelli I, Drago L. Hyaluronic Acid and Its Composites as a Local Antimicrobial/Antiadhesive Barrier. J Bone Jt Infect 2017; 2:63-72. [PMID: 28529865 PMCID: PMC5423572 DOI: 10.7150/jbji.17705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Living in biofilms is probably the most common condition for bacteria and fungi and biofilm-related infections account for the majority of bacterial infectious diseases worldwide. Among others biofilm-related infections, those associated with implanted biomaterials have an enormous and still largely underestimated impact in orthopaedics and trauma, cardio-surgery and several other surgical disciplines. Given the limited efficacy of existing antibiotics in the prevention and treatment of bacterial biofilms, new strategies are needed to protect implants and host tissues, overcoming the striking ability of the microorganisms to adhere on different surfaces and to immediately protect themselves by forming the biofilm matrix. Adhesion is a necessary first step in microbial colonization and pathogenesis and provides a potential target for new preventive and treatment approach. Among various polymers, tested as antibacterial coatings, hyaluronic acid and some of its composites do offer a well-established long-term safety profile and a proven ability to reduce bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation. Aim of the present review is to summarize the available evidence concerning the antiadhesion/antibiofilm activity of hyaluronic acid and some of its derivatives to reduce/prevent bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation in various experimental and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- C.L. Romanò
- Department of Reconstructive Surgery of Osteo-articular Infections C.R.I.O. Unit, I.R.C.C.S. Galeazzi Orthopaedic Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - E. De Vecchi
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Microbiology, I.R.C.C.S. Galeazzi Orthopaedic Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - M. Bortolin
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Microbiology, I.R.C.C.S. Galeazzi Orthopaedic Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - I. Morelli
- Department of Reconstructive Surgery of Osteo-articular Infections C.R.I.O. Unit, I.R.C.C.S. Galeazzi Orthopaedic Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - L. Drago
- Laboratory of Technical Sciences for Laboratory Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Microbiology, I.R.C.C.S. Galeazzi Orthopaedic Institute, Milan, Italy
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31
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Crawford EC, Singh A, Gibson TW, Weese JS. Biofilm-Associated Gene Expression inStaphylococcus pseudintermediuson a Variety of Implant Materials. Vet Surg 2016; 45:499-506. [DOI: 10.1111/vsu.12471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - J. Scott Weese
- Centre for Public Health and Zoonoses; Department of Pathology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph; Guelph Ontario Canada
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32
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Abstract
Interactions between microbes are complex and play an important role in the pathogenesis of infections. These interactions can range from fierce competition for nutrients and niches to highly evolved cooperative mechanisms between different species that support their mutual growth. An increasing appreciation for these interactions, and desire to uncover the mechanisms that govern them, has resulted in a shift from monomicrobial to polymicrobial biofilm studies in different disease models. Here we provide an overview of biofilm models used to study select polymicrobial infections and highlight the impact that the interactions between microbes within these biofilms have on disease progression. Notable recent advances in the development of polymicrobial biofilm-associated infection models and challenges facing the study of polymicrobial biofilms are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A Gabrilska
- Departments of Surgery & Immunology & Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Kendra P Rumbaugh
- Departments of Surgery & Immunology & Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
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33
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Duffield R, Wong HS, Trott DJ, Hill PB. Survival of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in modified Romanowsky staining solutions. Vet Dermatol 2015; 26:223-e48. [PMID: 26178602 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anecdotal reports suggest that rapid staining solutions can become contaminated with micro-organisms, especially Pseudomonas aeruginosa. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES To determine whether inoculation of rapid Romanowsky-type stains with P. aeruginosa results in viable bacterial contamination, which could lead to cross-contamination of slides during cytological staining. METHODS Pseudomonas aeruginosa was inoculated into clean and organically contaminated staining solutions (fixative, eosin and methylene blue) and positive (broth) and negative (bleach) control solutions. Subsequent viability and survival were detected by measuring colony-forming units per millilitre at various time points up to 2 weeks. Each sample was stained and microscopically examined to determine whether bacteria were visible. RESULTS No bacteria could be cultured at any time point from the bleach or fixative solution. In clean eosin and methylene blue staining solutions, viable bacteria were recovered for up to 1 h, but by 24 h all bacteria were dead. In staining solutions contaminated with hair and dead skin cells, bacteria survived in methylene blue for up to 1 h, and viable bacteria persisted in the eosin stain for 2 weeks. In solutions containing viable organisms, the bacteria could be observed by microscopic examination; no bacteria were visible when the solutions contained no viable organisms. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Pseudomonas aeruginosa can survive in commonly used staining solutions for variable periods of time, but is unable to proliferate. Although theoretically this might complicate cytological interpretation and subsequent diagnosis, the likelihood of this in clinical practice appears remote when the correct staining technique is used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Duffield
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy Campus, Roseworthy, SA, 5371, Australia
| | - Hui-San Wong
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy Campus, Roseworthy, SA, 5371, Australia
| | - Darren J Trott
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy Campus, Roseworthy, SA, 5371, Australia
| | - Peter B Hill
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy Campus, Roseworthy, SA, 5371, Australia
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