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Lin HY, Zhu CQ, Zhang HH, Shen ZC, Zhang CX, Ye YX. The Genetic Network of Forkhead Gene Family in Development of Brown Planthoppers. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:867. [PMID: 34571744 PMCID: PMC8469257 DOI: 10.3390/biology10090867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We identified 18 distinct Fox genes in the genome of the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens, and further found a novel insect-specific subfamily that we temporarily named FoxT. A total of 16 genes were highly expressed in the eggs, while NlFoxL2 and NlFoxT are female- and male-specific genes, respectively. Large scale RNAi and RNA-seq analyses were used to reveal the functions and potential targets of NlFoxs. In the eggs, NlFoxA, NlFoxN1 and NlFoxN2 are indispensable to early embryogenesis by regulating different target genes; NlFoxG and NlFoxQ co-regulate NlSix3 for brain development; and NlFoxC, NlFoxJ1 and NlFoxP have complementary effects on late embryogenesis. Moreover, NlFoxA, NlFoxNl and NlFoxQ have pleiotropism. NlFoxA and NlFoxQ regulate the expression of NlCHS1 and cuticular proteins, respectively, thereby participating in the formation of cuticles. NlFoxN1, which regulates the expression of NlKrt9 is involved in the formation of intermediate filament frameworks. Our previous studies have revealed that NlFoxL2 and NlFoxO play important roles in chorion formation and wing polyphenism. Altogether, N. lugens Fox genes exhibit functional diversity in embryonic development and organogenesis. This comprehensive study combines genomics, transcriptomics and phenomics, thereby constructing a complex genetic network that spans the entire life cycle of the brown planthopper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Yan Lin
- The Rural Development Academy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (H.-Y.L.); (C.-Q.Z.)
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (H.-H.Z.); (Z.-C.S.); (C.-X.Z.)
| | - Cheng-Qi Zhu
- The Rural Development Academy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (H.-Y.L.); (C.-Q.Z.)
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (H.-H.Z.); (Z.-C.S.); (C.-X.Z.)
| | - Hou-Hong Zhang
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (H.-H.Z.); (Z.-C.S.); (C.-X.Z.)
| | - Zhi-Cheng Shen
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (H.-H.Z.); (Z.-C.S.); (C.-X.Z.)
| | - Chuan-Xi Zhang
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (H.-H.Z.); (Z.-C.S.); (C.-X.Z.)
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Yu-Xuan Ye
- The Rural Development Academy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (H.-Y.L.); (C.-Q.Z.)
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (H.-H.Z.); (Z.-C.S.); (C.-X.Z.)
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2
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Shi XX, Zhu MF, Wang N, Huang YJ, Zhang MJ, Zhang C, Ali SA, Zhou WW, Zhang C, Mao C, Zhu ZR. Neutral Ceramidase Is Required for the Reproduction of Brown Planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål). Front Physiol 2021; 12:629532. [PMID: 33716775 PMCID: PMC7943485 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.629532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Ceramides are bioactive sphingolipids that have been implicated in insect development; however, their role in insect reproduction remains poorly understood. Here, we report the pivotal role of neutral ceramidase (NCER) in the female reproduction of the brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens (Stål), a significant pest in rice cultivation in Asia. LC-MS/MS demonstrated that, among different developmental stages of BPH, the levels of ceramides were highest in 1st instar nymphs and lowest in adults. The transcription of NCER was negatively correlated with the levels of ceramides at different developmental stages of BPH, in that the transcript levels of NCER were the highest, whereas ceramides levels were the lowest in BPH adults. Knocking down NCER through RNA interference (RNAi) increased the levels of ceramides in BPH females and ovaries, which resulted in a delay in oocyte maturation, a reduction in oviposition and egg hatching rate, as well as the production of vulnerable offspring. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis and TdT-mediated dUTP Nick-End Labeling (TUNEL) assays showed mitochondrial deficiency and apoptosis in NCER-deficient oocytes. Taken together, these results suggest that NCER plays a crucial role in female reproduction in BPH, likely by regulating the levels of ceramides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xiao Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mu-Fei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ni Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuan-Jie Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,People's Government of Fenshui Town, Tonglu County, Hangzhou, China
| | - Min-Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Soomro A Ali
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Wu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chuanxi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cungui Mao
- Department of Medicine and Stony Brook Cancer Center, The State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Zeng-Rong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Hainan Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya, China
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3
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Ge L, Zhou Z, Sun K, Huang B, Stanley D, Song QS. The antibiotic jinggangmycin increases brown planthopper (BPH) fecundity by enhancing rice plant sugar concentrations and BPH insulin-like signaling. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 249:126463. [PMID: 32213388 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens, is a resurgent pest with an unexpected response to jinggangmycin (JGM), a broadly applied antibiotic used to control rice sheath blight disease. JGM stimulates BPH fecundity, but the underlining molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Here we report that JGM sprays led to increased glucose concentrations, photosynthesis and gene expression, specifically Rubsico, sucrose phosphate synthase, invertase 2 (INV2) and INV3 in rice plants. JGM sprays led to high-glucose rice plants. Feeding BPH on these plants led to increased insulin-like signaling and vitellogenin synthesis. Treating BPH with metformin, a gluconeogenesis inhibitor, reversed the influence of feeding on high-glucose rice, which was rescued by glucose injections. Silencing insulin-like peptide 2 using per os dsRNA led to reduction in juvenile hormone (JH) III titers and other fecundity parameters, which were reversed by topical applications of the JH analog, methoprene. We infer that JGM acts via two broad mechanisms, one through increasing rice plant sugar concentrations and a second by upregulating BPH insulin-like signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- LinQuan Ge
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Ze Zhou
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - KaiDi Sun
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Bo Huang
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - David Stanley
- USDA/Agricultural Research Service, Biological Control of Insects Research Laboratory, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Qi Sheng Song
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, 1-31 Agriculture Building, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
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Zhang J, Xu G, Qiu B, Zhang X, Feng Q, Yang Q, Zheng S. BR-C Z4 and FoxJ interact to regulate expression of a chitin synthase gene CHSA-2b in the pupal wing discs of the silkworm, Bombyx mori. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 116:103264. [PMID: 31707207 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2019.103264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Elaborate regulation of tissue- and stage-specific expression of genes is prerequisite for insect development. The hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) initiates metamorphosis by regulating the expression of a series of genes. However, how 20E orderly regulates the pupa-specific expression of genes remains unclear. In this study, we report a regulatory mechanism for the pupa-specific expression of chitin synthase A 2b (CHSA-2b) in Bombyx mori. We found that Broad-Complex Z4 (BR-C Z4) was up-regulated by 20E just before pupation, while transcription factor FoxJ and CHSA-2b were up-regulated during the pupal stage. There is a Fox cis-regulatory element in the CHSA-2b promoter region, and FoxJ protein bound to this element, enhancing the CHSA-2b transcription during the pupal stage. In addition to CHSA-2b, FoxJ also up-regulated the expression of 16 out of 19 pupa-specific genes tested. However, at the prepupal stage, 20E-induced BR-C Z4 inhibited the FoxJ transcription, indirectly inhibiting the CHSA-2b transcription. These data suggest that at the pre-pupation stage, 20E-induced BR-C Z4 inhibited the expression of pupa-stage genes like CHSA-2b by inhibiting the expression of FoxJ; by the pupal stage, the expression of BR-C Z4 decreased, releasing its inhibition on FoxJ, which then up-regulated the expression of the pupa-specific genes. This study explains the elaborate regulation of the pupa-specific gene expression during metamorphosis in B. mori.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Applied Research, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Guanfeng Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Applied Research, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Binbin Qiu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Applied Research, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Xiaojuan Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Applied Research, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Qili Feng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Applied Research, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Qing Yang
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Sichun Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Applied Research, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China.
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Zhang JL, Yuan XB, Chen SJ, Chen HH, Xu N, Xue WH, Fu SJ, Zhang CX, Xu HJ. The histone deacetylase NlHDAC1 regulates both female and male fertility in the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens. Open Biol 2019; 8:180158. [PMID: 30977704 PMCID: PMC6303786 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.180158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone acetylation is a specific type of chromatin modification that serves as a key regulatory mechanism for many cellular processes in mammals. However, little is known about its biological function in invertebrates. Here, we identified 12 members of histone deacetylases (NlHDACs) in the brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens. RNAi-mediated silencing assay showed that NlHdac1, NlHdac3 and NlHdac4 played critical roles in female fertility via regulating ovary maturation or ovipositor development. Silencing of NlHdac1 substantially increased acetylation level of histones H3 and H4 in ovaries, indicating NlHDAC1 is the main histone deacetylase in ovaries of BPH. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis showed that knockdown of NlHdac1 impaired ovary development via multiple signalling pathways including the TOR pathway. Acoustic recording showed that males with NlHdac1 knockdown failed to make courtship songs, and thus were unacceptable to wild-type females, resulting in unfertilized eggs. Competition mating assay showed that wild-type females overwhelmingly preferred to mate with control males over NlHdac1-knockdown males. These findings improve our understanding of reproductive strategies controlled by HDACs in insects and provide a potential target for pest control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institutes of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Bo Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Rice and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institutes of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058 , People's Republic of China
| | - Sun-Jie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institutes of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058 , People's Republic of China
| | - Hao-Hao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institutes of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058 , People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institutes of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058 , People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Hua Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Rice and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institutes of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058 , People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Jie Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institutes of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058 , People's Republic of China
| | - Chuan-Xi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institutes of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058 , People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Jun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institutes of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058 , People's Republic of China
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Ge LQ, Zheng S, Gu HT, Zhou YK, Zhou Z, Song QS, Stanley D. Jinggangmycin-Induced UDP-Glycosyltransferase 1-2-Like Is a Positive Modulator of Fecundity and Population Growth in Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae). Front Physiol 2019; 10:747. [PMID: 31293435 PMCID: PMC6598453 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The antibiotic jinggangmycin (JGM) is broadly applied in Chinese rice producing regions to control rice blight, a fungal disease. Aside from protecting rice plants from the disease, JGM leads to the unexpected action of stimulating brown planthopper (BPH; Nilaparvata lugens; Hemiptera: Delphacidae) reproduction to the extent it can influence population sizes. The JGM-induced BPH population growth has potential for severe agricultural problems and we are working to understand and mitigate the mechanisms of the enhanced reproduction. UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) are multifunctional detoxification enzymes responsible for biotransformation of diverse lipophilic compounds. The biological significance of this enzyme family in insect fecundity is not fully understood, however, upregulated UGT12 in JGM-treated BPH, may influence fecundity through metabolism of developmental hormones. This idea prompted our hypothesis that NlUGT12 is a positive modulator of BPH reproductive biology. JGM treatment led to significant increases in accumulations of mRNA encoding NlUGT12, numbers of eggs laid, oviposition period, juvenile hormone III titers, and fat body, and ovarian protein contents. dsUGT12 treatment suppressed NlUGT12 expression and reversed JGM-enhanced effects, resulting in under-developed ovaries and reduced expression of juvenile hormone acid methyltransferase and the JH receptor, methoprene tolerant. Application of the JH analog, methoprene, on dsUGT12 treated-females partially reversed the dsUTG12 influence on vitellogenin synthesis and on NlUGT12 expression. These results represent an important support for our hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Quan Ge
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Sui Zheng
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Hao Tian Gu
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yong Kai Zhou
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Ze Zhou
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Qi Sheng Song
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - David Stanley
- Biological Control of Insects Research Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service, Columbia, MO, United States
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He K, Lin K, Ding S, Wang G, Li F. The vitellogenin receptor has an essential role in vertical transmission of rice stripe virus during oogenesis in the small brown plant hopper. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2019; 75:1370-1382. [PMID: 30379402 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 10/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The small brown plant hopper (SBPH), Laodelphax striatellus Fallén, is one of the most destructive pests on rice. This pest transmits rice stripe virus (RSV) both horizontally and vertically, leading to major yield and economic losses in rice production. However, the way that RSV particles enter oocytes of SBPH remains largely unknown. Thus, identification of key factors involved in the interaction between SBPH and RSV in the ovary is crucial. RESULTS Transcriptome of non-viruliferous (NV) or high viruliferous (HV) SBPH ovaries at 24 and 48 h of emergence was sequenced. Differentially expressed genes analysis showed that vitellogenin receptor was significantly highly expressed in the ovary of the HV SBPH strains compared to NV strains. Quantitative real-time polymer chain reaction showed that the vitellogenin receptor in L. striatellus (LsVgR) was highly expressed in the ovaries of female adults and maintained a high level of expression at the early stage of ovary development. By using RNA interference, the expression of LsVgR in the ovaries of the HV strain was significantly decreased by 98.1%. RSV titer was reduced by 60.9% as quantified by viral RNA3 intergenic region and the transcripts of nucleocapsid protein gene (CP) reduced by 46.3%. The numbers of offspring hatched were significantly reduced in dsRNA-treated groups. The transcripts of CP were not affected by silencing LsVgR, whereas the abundance of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase increased by 15-fold in the member of surviving progenies. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that vitellogenin receptor participates in regulating RSV replication during oogenesis. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang He
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Insect Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kejian Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Simin Ding
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Insect Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guirong Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Li
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Insect Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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8
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Zhai Y, Dong X, Gao H, Chen H, Yang P, Li P, Yin Z, Zheng L, Yu Y. Quantitative Proteomic and Transcriptomic Analyses of Metabolic Regulation of Adult Reproductive Diapause in Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) Females. Front Physiol 2019; 10:344. [PMID: 31019467 PMCID: PMC6458243 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Diapause is a form of dormancy used by many insects to survive adverse environmental conditions, which can occur in specific developmental stages in different species. Drosophila suzukii is a serious economic pest and we determined the conditions for adult reproductive diapause by the females in our previous studies. In this study, we combined RNA-Seq transcriptomic and quantitative proteomic analyses to identify adult reproductive diapause-related genes and proteins. According to the transcriptomic analysis, among 242 annotated differentially expressed genes in non-diapause and diapause females, 129 and 113 genes were up- and down-regulated, respectively. In addition, among the 2,375 proteins quantified, 39 and 23 proteins were up- and down-regulated, respectively. The gene expression patterns in diapause- and non-diapause were confirmed by qRT-PCR or western blot analysis. The overall analysis of robustly regulated genes at the protein and mRNA levels found four genes that overlapped in the up-regulated group and six genes in the down-regulated group, and thus these proteins/genes may regulate adult reproductive diapause. These differentially expressed proteins/genes act in the citrate cycle, insulin signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, and amino acid biosynthesis pathways. These results provide the basis for further studies of the molecular regulation of reproductive diapause in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Zhai
- Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China.,College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China.,College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaolin Dong
- College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | | | - Hao Chen
- Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Puyun Yang
- National Agro-technical Extension and Service Center, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Li
- National Agro-technical Extension and Service Center, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenjuan Yin
- Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Li Zheng
- Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Yi Yu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
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9
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Li Q, Sun Z, Shi Q, Wang R, Xu C, Wang H, Song Y, Zeng R. RNA-Seq Analyses of Midgut and Fat Body Tissues Reveal the Molecular Mechanism Underlying Spodoptera litura Resistance to Tomatine. Front Physiol 2019; 10:8. [PMID: 30723417 PMCID: PMC6349761 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants produce secondary metabolites to provide chemical defense against herbivorous insects, whereas insects can induce the expression of detoxification metabolism-related unigenes in counter defense to plant xenobiotics. Tomatine is an important secondary metabolite in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) that can protect the plant from bacteria and insects. However, the mechanism underlying the adaptation of Spodoptera litura, a major tomato pest, to tomatine in tomato is largely unclear. In this study, we first found that the levels of tomatine in tomatoes subjected to S. litura treatment were significantly increased. Second, we confirmed the inhibitory effect of tomatine on S. litura by adding moderate amounts of commercial tomatine to an artificial diet. Then, we utilized RNA-Seq to compare the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the midgut and fat body tissues of S. litura exposed to an artificial diet supplemented with tomatine. In total, upon exposure to tomatine, 134 and 666 genes were upregulated in the S. litura midgut and fat body, respectively. These DEGs comprise a significant number of detoxification-related genes, including 7 P450 family genes, 8 glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) genes, 6 ABC transport enzyme genes, 9 UDP-glucosyltransferases genes and 3 carboxylesterases genes. Moreover, KEGG analysis demonstrated that the upregulated genes were enriched in xenobiotic metabolism by cytochrome P450s, ABC transporters and drug metabolism by other enzymes. Furthermore, as numerous GSTs were induced by tomatine in S. litura, we chose one gene, namely GSTS1, to confirm the detoxification function on tomatine. Expression profiling revealed that GSTS1 transcripts were mainly expressed in larvae, and the levels were the highest in the midgut. Finally, when larvae were injected with double-stranded RNA specific to GSTS1, the transcript levels in the midgut and fat body decreased, and the negative effect of the plant xenobiotic tomatine on larval growth was magnified. These results preliminarily clarified the molecular mechanism underlying the resistance of S. litura to tomatine, establishing a foundation for subsequent pest control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qilin Li
- College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhongxiang Sun
- College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qi Shi
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Rumeng Wang
- College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Cuicui Xu
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Huanhuan Wang
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Song
- College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Rensen Zeng
- College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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10
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Hu Q, Zhu Z, Zhao D, Zeng B, Zheng S, Song Q, Deng H, Feng Q. Bombyx mori transcription factors FoxA and SAGE divergently regulate the expression of wing cuticle protein gene 4 during metamorphosis. J Biol Chem 2018; 294:632-643. [PMID: 30429222 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.004395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Stage-specific gene expression governs metamorphosis of the silkworm, Bombyx mori. B. mori wing cuticle protein gene 4 (BmWCP4) is an essential gene for wing disc development expressed specifically during pupation. BmWCP4 transcription is suppressed at the larval stage by unknown mechanisms, which we sought to elucidate here. Bioinformatics analysis predicted seven potential Forkhead box (Fox) cis-regulatory elements (CREs) in the BmWCP4 promoter region, and we found that Fox CRE6 contributes to suppression of BmWCP4 expression. Electrophoretic mobility shift (EMSA) and DNA pull-down assays revealed that BmFoxA suppressed activity at the BmWCP4 promoter by specifically binding to the Fox CRE6. The expression level of BmFoxA in the wing discs was higher during the larval stage than at the pupal stage. In contrast, expression of another transcription factor, BmSAGE, increased over the course of development. Of note, the hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E), which governs molting in insects, suppressed BmFoxA expression in the wing discs and up-regulated that of BmSage EMSA and cell co-transfection assays indicated that BmSAGE interacted with BmFoxA and suppressed its binding to the Fox CRE6, thereby releasing BmFoxA-mediated suppression of BmWCP4 In summary, higher BmFoxA expression during the larval stage suppresses BmWCP4 expression by binding to the Fox CRE6 on the BmWCP4 promoter. During metamorphosis, BmSAGE forms a complex with BmFoxA to relieve this repression, initiating BmWCP4 expression. Taken together, this study reveals a switchlike role for BmFoxA in regulating BmWCP4 expression and provides new insights into the regulatory regulation of wing disc development in insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihao Hu
- From the Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, Institute of Insect Science and Technology and School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China and
| | - Zidan Zhu
- From the Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, Institute of Insect Science and Technology and School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China and
| | - Danhui Zhao
- From the Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, Institute of Insect Science and Technology and School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China and
| | - Baojuan Zeng
- From the Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, Institute of Insect Science and Technology and School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China and
| | - Sichun Zheng
- From the Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, Institute of Insect Science and Technology and School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China and
| | - Qisheng Song
- the Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211
| | - Huimin Deng
- From the Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, Institute of Insect Science and Technology and School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China and
| | - Qili Feng
- From the Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, Institute of Insect Science and Technology and School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China and
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11
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Libbrecht R, Oxley PR, Kronauer DJC. Clonal raider ant brain transcriptomics identifies candidate molecular mechanisms for reproductive division of labor. BMC Biol 2018; 16:89. [PMID: 30103762 PMCID: PMC6090591 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-018-0558-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Division of labor between reproductive queens and workers that perform brood care is a hallmark of insect societies. However, studies of the molecular basis of this fundamental dichotomy are limited by the fact that the caste of an individual cannot typically be experimentally manipulated at the adult stage. Here we take advantage of the unique biology of the clonal raider ant, Ooceraea biroi, to study brain gene expression dynamics during experimentally induced transitions between reproductive and brood care behavior. RESULTS Introducing larvae that inhibit reproduction and induce brood care behavior causes much faster changes in adult gene expression than removing larvae. In addition, the general patterns of gene expression differ depending on whether ants transition from reproduction to brood care or vice versa, indicating that gene expression changes between phases are cyclic rather than pendular. Finally, we identify genes that could play upstream roles in regulating reproduction and behavior because they show large and early expression changes in one or both transitions. CONCLUSIONS Our analyses reveal that the nature and timing of gene expression changes differ substantially depending on the direction of the transition, and identify a suite of promising candidate molecular regulators of reproductive division of labor that can now be characterized further in both social and solitary animal models. This study contributes to understanding the molecular regulation of reproduction and behavior, as well as the organization and evolution of insect societies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Libbrecht
- Laboratory of Social Evolution and Behavior, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
- Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution, Johannes Gutenberg University, Johannes-von-Müller-Weg 6, 55128, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Peter R Oxley
- Laboratory of Social Evolution and Behavior, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Samuel J. Wood Library, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Daniel J C Kronauer
- Laboratory of Social Evolution and Behavior, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
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12
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Zhang X, Ding J, Xu B, Ge LQ, Yang GQ, Wu JC. Long chain fatty acid coenzyme A ligase (FACL) regulates triazophos-induced stimulation of reproduction in the small brown planthopper (SBPH), Laodelphax striatellus (Fallen). PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 148:81-86. [PMID: 29891382 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2017] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The small brown planthopper (SBPH), Laodelphax striatellus (Fallen) is a major pest insect of rice, wheat, and maize in China and other countries. SBPH not only damage rice plants through sucking plant sap, but also transmits rice virus diseases, for example, striped virus disease (RSV), black streaked dwarf, and maize rough disease virus. Therefore, understanding of pesticide-induced stimulation of reproduction in SBPH is of great significance for the pest management. Our previous study discovered that triazophos (TZP) increased reproduction of SBPH. But the molecular mechanisms are unclear. Here, by using proteomic analysis, we screened and cloned the gene of long chain fatty acid coenzyme A ligase (FACL), and silenced FACL to examine influences of TZP on reproduction and glycerin content in SBPH females. In TZP-treated females vs control females, there were 41 differential proteins in 18 pathways related to reproduction, of which 8 were up-regulated and 33 were down-regulated. TZP + dsFACL eliminated TZP-induced stimulation of reproduction of SBPH females (↓about 73.92%) and decreased glycerin content and body weight (↓about 19.93% and 13.62%). TZP + dsFACL treatment led to reduced expression of FACL (↓about 61.88%). FACL is a key gene of TZP-induced increase of reproduction of SBPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Zhang
- School of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jun Ding
- School of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Bing Xu
- School of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Lin-Quan Ge
- School of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Guo-Qing Yang
- School of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jin-Cai Wu
- School of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
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13
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Sun ZX, Kang K, Cai YJ, Zhang JQ, Zhai YF, Zeng RS, Zhang WQ. Transcriptional regulation of the vitellogenin gene through a fecundity-related single nucleotide polymorphism within a GATA-1 binding motif in the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 27:365-372. [PMID: 29484744 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Identifying the Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) with functions in insect fecundity promises to provide novel insight into genetic mechanisms of adaptation and to aid in effective control of insect populations. We previously identified several SNPs within the vitellogenin (Vg) promoter region between a high-fecundity population (HFP) and a low-fecundity population (LFP) of the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens Stål (Hemiptera: Delphacidae). Here, we found that an A-to-T (HFP allele to LFP allele) transversion at nucleotide -953 upstream of Vg in a Nilaparvata lugens GATA-1 (NlGATA-1) binding motif is associated with the level of Vg transcription. We also characterized NlGATA-1, containing a double CX2 CX17 CX2 C zinc finger, which has been implicated in the activation of Vg gene expression. Knockdown of the NlGATA-1 gene results in a reduced basal level of expression of the Vg gene and fewer offspring of N. lugens in vivo, whereas overexpression of NlGATA-1 in cells increased Vg promoter activity. Moreover, upon cotransfection with NlGATA-1 expression vector, the luciferase activities of Vg reporter vectors with the A allele were significantly higher than those with the T allele. These findings support a mechanism in which a SNP within the promoter of Vg is associated with the level of Vg transcription by altering the binding activity of NlGATA-1 and subsequently affecting fecundity in N. lugens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z-X Sun
- College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Dynamics and Conservation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - K Kang
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Dynamics and Conservation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Y-J Cai
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Dynamics and Conservation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - J-Q Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Dynamics and Conservation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Y-F Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Dynamics and Conservation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - R-S Zeng
- College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - W-Q Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Dynamics and Conservation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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14
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Waris MI, Younas A, Ul Qamar MT, Hao L, Ameen A, Ali S, Abdelnabby HE, Zeng FF, Wang MQ. Silencing of Chemosensory Protein Gene NlugCSP8 by RNAi Induces Declining Behavioral Responses of Nilaparvata lugens. Front Physiol 2018; 9:379. [PMID: 29706901 PMCID: PMC5906745 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemosensory proteins (CSPs) play imperative functions in chemical and biochemical signaling of insects, as they distinguish and transfer ecological chemical indications to a sensory system in order to initiate behavioral responses. The brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens Stål (Hemiptera: Delphacidae), has emerged as the most destructive pest, causing serious damage to rice in extensive areas throughout Asia. Biotic characteristics like monophagy, dual wing forms, and annual long-distance migration imply a critical role of chemoreception in N. lugens. In this study, we cloned the full-length CSP8 gene from N. lugens. Protein sequence analysis indicated that NlugCSP8 shared high sequence resemblance with the CSPs of other insect family members and had the typical four-cysteine signature. Analysis of gene expression indicated that NlugCSP8 mRNA was specifically expressed in the wings of mated 3-day brachypterous females with a 175-fold difference compare to unmated 3-day brachypterous females. The NlugCSP8 mRNA was also highly expressed in the abdomen of unmated 5-day brachypterous males and correlated to the age, gender, adult wing form, and mating status. A competitive ligand-binding assay demonstrated that ligands with long chain carbon atoms, nerolidol, hexanal, and trans-2-hexenal were able to bind to NlugCSP8 in declining order of affinity. By using bioinformatics techniques, three-dimensional protein structure modeling and molecular docking, the binding sites of NlugCSP8 to the volatiles which had high binding affinity were predicted. In addition, behavioral experiments using the compounds displaying the high binding affinity for the NlugCSP8, revealed four compounds able to elicit significant behavioral responses from N. lugens. The in vivo functions of NlugCSP8 were further confirmed through the testing of RNAi and post-RNAi behavioral experiments. The results revealed that reduction in NlugCSP8 transcript abundance caused a decrease in behavioral response to representative attractants. An enhanced understanding of the NlugCSP8 is expected to contribute in the improvement of more effective and eco-friendly control strategies of BPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad I Waris
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Aneela Younas
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | | | - Liu Hao
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Asif Ameen
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Saqib Ali
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hazem Elewa Abdelnabby
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Banha, Egypt
| | - Fang-Fang Zeng
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Man-Qun Wang
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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15
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Wu Y, Ding J, Xu B, You L, Ge L, Yang G, Liu F, Stanley D, Song Q, Wu J. Two Fungicides Alter Reproduction of the Small Brown Planthopper Laodelphax striatellus by Influencing Gene and Protein Expression. J Proteome Res 2018; 17:978-986. [PMID: 29411984 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.7b00612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Aside from their intended actions, fungicides can drive pest insect outbreaks due to virtually continuous use and pest evolution. Small brown planthopper (SBPH), Laodelphax striatellus, outbreaks occurred recently in many provinces in China, with devastating rice losses. Because exposure to the fungicide jinggangmycin (JGM) increased reproduction of the brown plant hopper, Nilaparvata lugens, via its influence on fatty acid synthase, we posed the hypothesis that JGM and carbendazim (CBM) influence SBPH reproduction via their influence on enzymes involved in other aspects of lipid metabolism. Exposure to the fungicide CBM stimulated SBPH reproduction (egg-laying up by 78%) and to another fungicide, JGM, led to decreased egg-laying (down by 47.3%). These inverse effects are mediated by down-regulated expression of l-3-hydroxyacyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase (LCHAD) in JGM-treated females and up-regulated expression of hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-like protein 2-like (HSD) in CBM-treated females. RNAi knockdown of, separately, LCHAD and HSD led to reduced egg-laying (down by 52% for dsLCHAD and by 73% for dsHSD). dsLCHAD, dsHSD, and JGM treatments also led to severely reduced ovarian development in experimental SBPH, with shorted and thinned valvula and lack of egg cells in ovaries. Valvula of CBM-treated females enlarged, with banana-shaped eggs in ovaries. These data strongly support our hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Wu
- School of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University , Yangzhou 225009, P. R. China
| | - Jun Ding
- School of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University , Yangzhou 225009, P. R. China
| | - Bing Xu
- School of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University , Yangzhou 225009, P. R. China
| | - Linlin You
- School of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University , Yangzhou 225009, P. R. China
| | - Linquan Ge
- School of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University , Yangzhou 225009, P. R. China
| | - Guoqing Yang
- School of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University , Yangzhou 225009, P. R. China
| | - Fang Liu
- School of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University , Yangzhou 225009, P. R. China
| | - David Stanley
- Biological Control of Insects Research Laboratory, USDA/Agricultural Research Service , 1503 South Providence Road, Columbia, Missouri 65203, United States
| | - Qisheng Song
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri , 1-31 Agriculture Building, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Jincai Wu
- School of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University , Yangzhou 225009, P. R. China
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16
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Ding J, Wu Y, You LL, Xu B, Ge LQ, Yang GQ, Wu JC. Jinggangmycin-suppressed reproduction in the small brown planthopper (SBPH), Laodelphax striatellus (Fallen), is mediated by glucose dehydrogenase (GDH). PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 139:73-78. [PMID: 28595925 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The small brown planthopper (SBPH), Laodelphax striatellus (Fallen), is a serious pest insect of rice, wheat, and maize in China. SBPH not only sucks plant sap but also transmits plant disease viruses, causing serious damage. These viruses include rice striped virus disease (RSV disease), black streaked dwarf, and maize rough disease virus. SBPH outbreaks are related to the overuse of pesticides in China. Some pesticides, such as triazophos, stimulate the reproduction of SBPH, but an antibiotic fungicide jinggangmycin (JGM) suppresses its reproduction. However, mechanisms of decreased reproduction of SBPH induced by JGM remain unclear. The present findings show that JGM suppressed reproduction of SBPH (↓approximately 35.7%) and resulted in the down-regulated expression of glucose dehydrogenase (GDH). GDH-silenced control females (control+dsGDH) show that the number of eggs laid was reduced by 48.6% compared to control females. Biochemical tests show that the total lipid and fatty acid contents in JGM-treated and control+dsGDH females decreased significantly. Thus, we propose that the suppression of reproduction in SBPH induced by JGM is mediated by GDH via metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ding
- School of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - You Wu
- School of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Lin-Lin You
- School of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Bin Xu
- School of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Lin-Quan Ge
- School of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Guo-Qing Yang
- School of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jin-Cai Wu
- School of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
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17
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RNA Interference in Insect Vectors for Plant Viruses. Viruses 2016; 8:v8120329. [PMID: 27973446 PMCID: PMC5192390 DOI: 10.3390/v8120329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Insects and other arthropods are the most important vectors of plant pathogens. The majority of plant pathogens are disseminated by arthropod vectors such as aphids, beetles, leafhoppers, planthoppers, thrips and whiteflies. Transmission of plant pathogens and the challenges in managing insect vectors due to insecticide resistance are factors that contribute to major food losses in agriculture. RNA interference (RNAi) was recently suggested as a promising strategy for controlling insect pests, including those that serve as important vectors for plant pathogens. The last decade has witnessed a dramatic increase in the functional analysis of insect genes, especially those whose silencing results in mortality or interference with pathogen transmission. The identification of such candidates poses a major challenge for increasing the role of RNAi in pest control. Another challenge is to understand the RNAi machinery in insect cells and whether components that were identified in other organisms are also present in insect. This review will focus on summarizing success cases in which RNAi was used for silencing genes in insect vector for plant pathogens, and will be particularly helpful for vector biologists.
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18
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Driving Pest Insect Populations: Agricultural Chemicals Lead to an Adaptive Syndrome in Nilaparvata Lugens Stål (Hemiptera: Delphacidae). Sci Rep 2016; 6:37430. [PMID: 27876748 PMCID: PMC5120279 DOI: 10.1038/srep37430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The brown planthopper (BPH) is a devastating pest of rice throughout Asia. In this paper we document the BPH biogeographic range expansion in China over the 20-year period, 1992 to 2012. We posed the hypothesis that the range expansion is due to a syndrome of adaptations to the continuous presence of agricultural chemicals (insecticides and a fungicide) over the last 40 years. With respect to biogeography, BPH ranges have expanded by 13% from 1992 to 1997 and by another 3% from 1997 to 2012. In our view, such expansions may follow primarily from the enhancing effects of JGM, among other agricultural chemicals, and from global warming. JGM treatments led to increased thermotolerance, recorded as decreased mortality under heat stress at 40 ± 1 °C (down from 80% to 55%) and increased fecundity (by 49%) at 34 °C. At the molecular level, JGM treatments led to increased abundances of mRNA encoding Acetyl Co-A carboxylase (Acc) (up 25%) and Hsp70 (up 32%) in experimental BPH. RNAi silencing of Hsp70 and Acc eliminated the JGM effects on fecundity and silencing Hsp70 reduced JGM-induced thermotolerance. Integrated with global climate change scenarios, such syndromes in pest insect species have potential for regional- and global-scale agricultural disasters.
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19
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Liu ZY, Jiang YP, Li L, You LL, Wu Y, Xu B, Ge LQ, Wu JC. Silencing of ACO decreases reproduction and energy metabolism in triazophos-treated female brown plant hoppers, Nilaparvata lugens Stål (Hemiptera: Delphacidae). PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 128:76-81. [PMID: 26969443 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2015.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Revised: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The brown plant hopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens Stål (Hemiptera: Delphacidae), is a major pest affecting rice in Asia, and outbreaks of this pest are closely linked to pesticide-induced stimulation of reproduction. Therefore, the BPH is a classic example of a resurgent pest. However, the effects of different genes on the regulation of pesticide-induced reproductive stimulation in the BPH are unclear. In this study, the regulatory effects of acyl-coenzyme A oxidase (ACO) on the reproduction and biochemistry of the BPH were investigated with gene silencing. The number of eggs laid per female by triazophos (TZP)+dsACO BPH females was significantly lower than those of TZP-treated (without ACO silencing) or TZP+GFP females (negative control), with the number of eggs decreasing by 30.8% (from 529.5 to 366.3) and 32.0% (from 540.5 to 366.3), respectively. The preoviposition period, oviposition period, and longevity of the TZP-treated females were also influenced by dsACO treatment. Additionally, the amounts of crude fat, protein, and some fatty acids (oleic acid, palmitic acid, linoleic acid, stearic acid, and myristoleic acid) in TZP+dsACO females were significantly lower than in TZP-treated females. Thus, ACO is one of the key genes regulating the TZP-induced stimulation of reproduction in BPH females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zong-Yu Liu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Agricultural Academy of Science, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yi-Ping Jiang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Agricultural Academy of Science, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Li
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Agricultural Academy of Science, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lin-Lin You
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Agricultural Academy of Science, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - You Wu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Agricultural Academy of Science, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bin Xu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Agricultural Academy of Science, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lin-Quan Ge
- School of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 20059, China
| | - Jin-Cai Wu
- School of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 20059, China.
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20
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Adipose triglyceride lipase (Atgl) mediates the antibiotic jinggangmycin-stimulated reproduction in the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens Stål. Sci Rep 2016; 6:18984. [PMID: 26739506 PMCID: PMC4704046 DOI: 10.1038/srep18984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The antibiotic jinggangmycin (JGM) is an agrochemical product widely used in China for controlling rice sheath blight, Rhizoctonia solani. Unexpectedly, it stimulates reproduction in the brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens (Stål). However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of the stimulation are unclear. The present investigation demonstrates that adipose triglyceride lipase (Atgl) is one of the enzymes involved in the JGM-stimulated reproduction in BPH. Silence of Atgl in JGM-treated (JGM + dsAtgl) females eliminated JGM-stimulated fecundity of BPH females. In addition, Atgl knockdown significantly reduced the protein and glycerin contents in the ovaries and fat bodies of JGM + dsAtgl females required for reproduction. We conclude that Atgl is one of the key enzymes responsible for JGM-stimulated reproduction in BPH.
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Fu X, Li T, Chen J, Dong Y, Qiu J, Kang K, Zhang W. Functional screen for microRNAs of Nilaparvata lugens reveals that targeting of glutamine synthase by miR-4868b regulates fecundity. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 83:22-9. [PMID: 26546713 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2015.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Insect fecundity is regulated by the interaction of genotypes and the environment. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) also act in insect development and reproduction by regulating genes involved in these physiological processes. Although hundreds of insect miRNAs have been identified, the biological roles of most remain poorly understood. Here, we used a multi-algorithm approach for miRNA target prediction in 3'UTRs of fecundity-related genes in the brown planthopper (BPH) Nilaparvata lugens and identified 38 putative miRNAs targeting 9 fecundity-related genes. High-ranked miRNAs were selected for target validation. Using a dual luciferase reporter assay in S2 cells, we experimentally verified N. lugens glutamine synthetase (NlGS) as an authentic target of microRNA-4868b (miR-4868b). In the females, NlGS protein expression was down-regulated after injection of a miR-4868b mimic but up-regulated after injection of a miR-4868b inhibitor. In addition, overexpression of miR-4868b reduced fecundity, and disrupted ovary development and Vg expression in N. lugens. These findings showed that miR-4868b is involved in regulating N. lugens fecundity by targeting NlGS. Moreover, this study may lead to better understanding of the fecundity of this important agricultural insect pest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Tengchao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Jie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yi Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Jieqi Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Kui Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Wenqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
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Wang RL, Staehelin C, Xia QQ, Su YJ, Zeng RS. Identification and Characterization of CYP9A40 from the Tobacco Cutworm Moth (Spodoptera litura), a Cytochrome P450 Gene Induced by Plant Allelochemicals and Insecticides. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:22606-20. [PMID: 26393579 PMCID: PMC4613326 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160922606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Revised: 09/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s) of insects play crucial roles in the metabolism of endogenous and dietary compounds. Tobacco cutworm moth (Spodoptera litura), an important agricultural pest, causes severe yield losses in many crops. In this study, we identified CYP9A40, a novel P450 gene of S. litura, and investigated its expression profile and potential role in detoxification of plant allelochemicals and insecticides. The cDNA contains an open reading frame encoding 529 amino acid residues. CYP9A40 transcripts were found to be accumulated during various development stages of S. litura and were highest in fifth and sixth instar larvae. CYP9A40 was mainly expressed in the midgut and fat body. Larval consumption of xenobiotics, namely plant allelochemicals (quercetin and cinnamic acid) and insecticides (deltamethrin and methoxyfenozide) induced accumulation of CYP9A40 transcripts in the midgut and fat body. Injection of dsCYP9A40 (silencing of CYP9A40 by RNA interference) significantly increased the susceptibility of S. litura larvae to the tested plant allelochemicals and insecticides. These results indicate that CYP9A40 expression in S. litura is related to consumption of xenobiotics and suggest that CYP9A40 is involved in detoxification of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Long Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Agro-Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
- Key Laboratory of Agroecology and Rural Environment of Guangdong Regular Higher Education Institutions, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Christian Staehelin
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University (East Campus), Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Qing-Qing Xia
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Agro-Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Yi-Juan Su
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Agro-Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Ren-Sen Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Agro-Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
- Key Laboratory of Agroecology and Rural Environment of Guangdong Regular Higher Education Institutions, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
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Jinggangmycin increases fecundity of the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) via fatty acid synthase gene expression. J Proteomics 2015; 130:140-9. [PMID: 26388431 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2015.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The antibiotic jinggangmycin (JGM) is mainly used in controlling the rice sheath blight, Rhizoctonia solani, in China. JGM also enhances reproduction of the brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens (Stål). To date, however, molecular mechanisms of the enhancement are unclear. Our related report documented the influence of foliar JGM sprays on ovarian protein content. Here, we used isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) protocols to analyze ovarian proteins of BPH females following JGM spray (JGM-S) and topical application (JGM-T). We recorded changes in expression of 284 proteins (142↑ and 142↓) in JGM-S compared to the JGM-S control group (S-control); 267 proteins were differentially expressed (130↑ and 137↓) in JGM-T compared to the JGM-T control group (T-control), of which, 22 proteins were up-regulated in both groups. Comparing the JGM-S to the JGM-T group, 114 proteins were differentially expressed (62↑ and 52↓). Based on the biological significance of fatty acids, pathway annotation and enrichment analysis, we designed a dsRNA construct to silence a gene encoding fatty acid synthase (FAS). FAS was more highly expressed in JGM-S vs S-control and JGM-S vs JGM-T groups. The dsFAS treatment reduced fecundity by about 46% and reduced ovarian and fat body fatty acid concentrations in JGM-S-treated females relative to controls. We infer FAS provides critically needed fatty acids to support JGM-enhanced fecundity in BPH.
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Zhai Y, Sun Z, Zhang J, Kang K, Chen J, Zhang W. Activation of the TOR Signalling Pathway by Glutamine Regulates Insect Fecundity. Sci Rep 2015; 5:10694. [PMID: 26024507 PMCID: PMC4448656 DOI: 10.1038/srep10694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The target of rapamycin (TOR) positively controls cell growth in response to nutrients such as amino acids. However, research on the specific nutrients sensed by TOR is limited. Glutamine (Gln), a particularly important amino acid involved in metabolism in organisms, is synthesised and catalysed exclusively by glutamine synthetase (GS), and our previous studies have shown that Gln may regulate fecundity in vivo levels of the brown planthopper (BPH) Nilaparvata lugens. Until now, it has remained unclear whether Gln activates or inhibits the TOR signalling pathway. Here, we performed the combined analyses of iTRAQ (isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification) and DGE (tag-based digital gene expression) data in N. lugens at the protein and transcript levels after GS RNAi, and we found that 52 pathways overlap, including the TOR pathway. We further experimentally demonstrate that Gln activates the TOR pathway by promoting the serine/threonine protein kinase AKT and inhibiting the 5'AMP-activated protein kinase AMPK phosphorylation activity in the pest. Furthermore, TOR regulates the fecundity of N. lugens probably by mediating vitellogenin (Vg) expression. This work is the first report that Gln activates the TOR pathway in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Zhai
- 1] State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China [2] Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Zhongxiang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Jianqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Kui Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Jie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Wenqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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Wang RL, Xia QQ, Baerson SR, Ren Y, Wang J, Su YJ, Zheng SC, Zeng RS. A novel cytochrome P450 CYP6AB14 gene in Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and its potential role in plant allelochemical detoxification. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 75:54-62. [PMID: 25783953 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2015.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Revised: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s) play a prominent role in the adaptation of insects to host plant chemical defenses. To investigate the potential role of P450s in adaptation of the lepidopteran pest Spodoptera litura to host plant allelochemicals, an expressed sequence data set derived from 6th instar midgut tissues was first mined. One sequence identified from the S. litura 6th instar midgut EST database was determined by phylogenetic analysis to belong to the CYP6AB P450 subfamily, and named CYP6AB14. Dietary supplementation of S. litura larvae with either xanthotoxin (XAN), coumarin (COU) and flavone (FLA) led to elevated CYP6AB14 transcript levels in both midgut and fat body tissues. Injection of CYP6AB14-derived double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) into S. litura individuals significantly reduced CYP6AB14 transcript levels, and resulted in increased developmental abnormalities and higher mortality rates among XAN, COU and FLA-fed larvae. Our results strongly suggest a key role for CYP6AB14 in plant allelochemical detoxification in S. litura.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Long Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Agro-Environment, Ministry of Agriculture of China, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Qing-Qing Xia
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Agro-Environment, Ministry of Agriculture of China, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Scott R Baerson
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Natural Products Utilization Research Unit, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Yong Ren
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Agro-Environment, Ministry of Agriculture of China, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Agro-Environment, Ministry of Agriculture of China, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yi-Juan Su
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Agro-Environment, Ministry of Agriculture of China, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Si-Chun Zheng
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Ren-Sen Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Agro-Environment, Ministry of Agriculture of China, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
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Zhai Y, Lin Q, Zhou X, Zhang X, Liu T, Yu Y. Identification and validation of reference genes for quantitative real-time PCR in Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae). PLoS One 2014; 9:e106800. [PMID: 25198611 PMCID: PMC4157791 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 08/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To accurately evaluate gene expression levels and obtain more accurate quantitative real-time RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) data, normalization relative to reliable reference gene(s) is required. Drosophila suzukii, is an invasive fruit pest native to East Asia, and recently invaded Europe and North America, the stability of its reference genes have not been previously investigated. In this study, ten candidate reference genes (RPL18, RPS3, AK, EF-1β, TBP, NADH, HSP22, GAPDH, Actin, α-Tubulin), were evaluated for their suitability as normalization genes under different biotic (developmental stage, tissue and population), and abiotic (photoperiod, temperature) conditions. The three statistical approaches (geNorm, NormFinder and BestKeeper) and one web-based comprehensive tool (RefFinder) were used to normalize analysis of the ten candidate reference genes identified α-Tubulin, TBP and AK as the most stable candidates, while HSP22 and Actin showed the lowest expression stability. We used three most stable genes (α-Tubulin, TBP and AK) and one unstably expressed gene to analyze the expression of P-glycoprotein in abamectin-resistant and sensitive strains, and the results were similar to reference genes α-Tubulin, TBP and AK, which show good stability, while the result of HSP22 has a certain bias. The three validated reference genes can be widely used for quantification of target gene expression with qRT-PCR technology in D.suzukii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Zhai
- Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
- * E-mail: (YY); (YZ)
| | - Qingcai Lin
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Xianhong Zhou
- Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Tingli Liu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Yi Yu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
- * E-mail: (YY); (YZ)
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27
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Zhao L, Wei P, Guo H, Wang S, Tang B. Suppressing the expression of a forkhead transcription factor disrupts the chitin biosynthesis pathway in Spodoptera exigua. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 86:4-18. [PMID: 24464395 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Forkhead (Fox) transcription factors display functional diversity and are involved in various metabolic and developmental processes. The Spodoptera exigua Fox (SeFox) encodes a protein of 353 amino acids with a theoretical molecular mass of approximately 38.99 kDa and an isoelectric point of 8.86. qPCR results revealed that SeFox was expressed mainly in the brain, fat body, epidermis, midgut, Malpighian tubules, and testis. SeFox was expressed, with some changes, throughout development in the fat body and whole body. Injection of dsSeFox (SeFox dsRNA) into larvae resulted in incidences of albino plus molting deformity (4.8%), molting deformity (26.2%), and albino phenotypes (69.1%). dsSeFox injection resulted in approximately 50% knockdown of transcript levels at 36 h. Compared with control groups, hexokinase (HK) expression was reduced to approximately 40% at 48 h postinjection. Chitin synthase A (CHSA) expression was reduced to two-thirds at 24 h, but increased at 72 h. Compared with untreated control and green fluorescent protein-treated groups, Chitin synthase B (CHSB) expression decreased to 33% following dsSeFox injection by 36 h. We infer from our results that forkhead transcription factors act in chitin synthesis in S. exigua.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Zhao
- Hangzhou Key Laboratory of Animal Adaptation and Evolution, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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28
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Yuan M, Lu Y, Zhu X, Wan H, Shakeel M, Zhan S, Jin BR, Li J. Selection and evaluation of potential reference genes for gene expression analysis in the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) using reverse-transcription quantitative PCR. PLoS One 2014; 9:e86503. [PMID: 24466124 PMCID: PMC3900570 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens (Hemiptera, Delphacidae), is one of the most important rice pests. Abundant genetic studies on BPH have been conducted using reverse-transcription quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Using qRT-PCR, the expression levels of target genes are calculated on the basis of endogenous controls. These genes need to be appropriately selected by experimentally assessing whether they are stably expressed under different conditions. However, such studies on potential reference genes in N. lugens are lacking. In this paper, we presented a systematic exploration of eight candidate reference genes in N. lugens, namely, actin 1 (ACT), muscle actin (MACT), ribosomal protein S11 (RPS11), ribosomal protein S15e (RPS15), alpha 2-tubulin (TUB), elongation factor 1 delta (EF), 18S ribosomal RNA (18S), and arginine kinase (AK) and used four alternative methods (BestKeeper, geNorm, NormFinder, and the delta Ct method) to evaluate the suitability of these genes as endogenous controls. We examined their expression levels among different experimental factors (developmental stage, body part, geographic population, temperature variation, pesticide exposure, diet change, and starvation) following the MIQE (Minimum Information for publication of Quantitative real time PCR Experiments) guidelines. Based on the results of RefFinder, which integrates four currently available major software programs to compare and rank the tested candidate reference genes, RPS15, RPS11, and TUB were found to be the most suitable reference genes in different developmental stages, body parts, and geographic populations, respectively. RPS15 was the most suitable gene under different temperature and diet conditions, while RPS11 was the most suitable gene under different pesticide exposure and starvation conditions. This work sheds light on establishing a standardized qRT-PCR procedure in N. lugens, and serves as a starting point for screening for reference genes for expression studies of related insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Yuan
- Laboratory of Pesticide, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanhui Lu
- Laboratory of Pesticide, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xun Zhu
- Laboratory of Pesticide, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hu Wan
- Laboratory of Pesticide, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Muhammad Shakeel
- Laboratory of Pesticide, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Sha Zhan
- Laboratory of Pesticide, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Byung-Rae Jin
- Laboratory of Insect Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Applied Biology, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Dong-A University, Busan, Korea
| | - Jianhong Li
- Laboratory of Pesticide, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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Xu HJ, Chen T, Ma XF, Xue J, Pan PL, Zhang XC, Cheng JA, Zhang CX. Genome-wide screening for components of small interfering RNA (siRNA) and micro-RNA (miRNA) pathways in the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Hemiptera: Delphacidae). INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2013; 22:635-47. [PMID: 23937246 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens, is a major rice pest in Asia, and accumulated evidence indicates that this species is susceptible to RNA interference (RNAi); however, the mechanism underlying RNAi and parental RNAi has not yet been determined. We comprehensively investigated the repertoire of core genes involved in small interfering RNA (siRNA) and micro-RNA (miRNA) pathways in the BPH by comparing its newly assembled transcriptome and genome with those of Drosophila melanogaster, Tribolium castaneum and Caenorhabditis elegans. Our analysis showed that the BPH possesses one drosha and two Dicer (dcr) genes, three dsRNA-binding motif protein genes, two Argonaute (ago) genes, two Eri-1-like genes (eri-1), and a Sid-1-like gene (sid-1). Additionally, we report for first time that parental RNAi might occur in this species, and siRNA pathway and Sid-1 were required for high efficiency of systemic RNAi triggered by exogenous dsRNA. Furthermore, our results also demonstrated that the miRNA pathway was involved in BPH metamorphosis as depletion of the ago1 or dcr1 gene severely impaired ecdysis. The BPH might be a good model system to study the molecular mechanism of systemic RNAi in hemimetabolous insects, and RNAi has potential to be developed to control this pest in agricultural settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- H-J Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Zhang X, Lu K, Zhou Q. Dicer1 is crucial for the oocyte maturation of telotrophic ovary in Nilaparvata lugens (STÅL) (Hemiptera: Geometroidea). ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 84:194-208. [PMID: 24132808 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
As a member of the RNase III nucleases family, Dicer1 (Dcr1) protein plays an essential role in the production of microRNAs (miRNAs) and oocyte development. Here, the full-length cDNA of Nilaparvata lugens Dcr1 (NlDcr1) was firstly cloned and analyzed, and then the function of NlDcr1 gene was investigated by RNAi. The open reading frame of NlDcr1 cDNA was 6,720 bp in length (GenBank Accession no. JX644040), which encoded for a protein of 2,239 amino acids. The NlDcr1 transcripts were present in all developmental stages and tissues investigated. The lowest levels of NlDcr1 expression were found in the first and second instar stage, while the highest in 7- and 9 -day-old female adults. The expression levels were relatively higher in fat body, ovary, and midgut. After injecting 100 ng dsRNA of NlDcr1 into female adult, mRNA level of NlDcr1 gene was depleted significantly, and 10 kinds of tested miRNAs levels were downregulated in both whole body and ovary. The oocytes of females treated with dsNlDcr1 were smaller and badly malformed, among which the follicular cell did not develop normally, with unclear boundary between cells. These results suggest that NlDcr1 was crucial for the regulation of oogenesis in telotrophic ovary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biological Control and Institute of Entomology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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31
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Ge LQ, Huang LJ, Yang GQ, Song QS, Stanley D, Gurr GM, Wu JC. Molecular basis for insecticide-enhanced thermotolerance in the brown planthopperNilaparvata lugensStål (Hemiptera:Delphacidae). Mol Ecol 2013; 22:5624-34. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.12502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Revised: 08/23/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Quan Ge
- School of Plant Protection; Yangzhou University; Yangzhou 225009 China
| | - Liu-Juan Huang
- School of Plant Protection; Yangzhou University; Yangzhou 225009 China
| | - Guo-Qin Yang
- School of Plant Protection; Yangzhou University; Yangzhou 225009 China
| | - Qi-Sheng Song
- Division of Plant Sciences; University of Missouri; 1-31 Agriculture Building Columbia MO 65211 USA
| | - David Stanley
- USDA/Agricultural Research Service; Biological Control of Insects Research Laboratory; Columbia MO 65203 USA
| | - G. M. Gurr
- Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation; Charles Sturt University; P.O. BOX 883 Orange NSW 2800 Australia
| | - Jin-Cai Wu
- School of Plant Protection; Yangzhou University; Yangzhou 225009 China
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32
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Zhai Y, Zhang J, Sun Z, Dong X, He Y, Kang K, Liu Z, Zhang W. Proteomic and transcriptomic analyses of fecundity in the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens (Stål). J Proteome Res 2013; 12:5199-212. [PMID: 24083549 DOI: 10.1021/pr400561c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
As an r-strategy insect species, the brown planthopper (BPH) Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) is a serious pest of rice crops in the temperate and tropical regions of Asia and Australia, which may be due to its robust fecundity. Here we combined 2-DE comparative proteomic and RNA-seq transcriptomic analyses to identify fecundity-related proteins and genes. Using high- and low-fecundity populations as sample groups, a total of 54 and 75 proteins were significantly altered in the third and sixth day brachypterous female stages, respectively, and 39 and 54 of these proteins were identified by MALDI-TOF/TOF MS. In addition, 71,966 unigenes were quantified by Illumina sequencing. On the basis of the transcriptomic analysis, 7408 and 1639 unigenes demonstrated higher expression levels in the high-fecundity population in the second day brachypterous female adults and the second day fifth instar nymphs, respectively, and 411 unigenes were up-regulated in both groups. Of these dozens of proteins and thousands of unigenes, five were differentially expressed at both the protein and mRNA levels at all four time points, suggesting that these genes may regulate fecundity. Glutamine synthetase (GS) was chosen for further functional studies. RNAi knockdown of the GS gene reduced the fecundity of N. lugens by 64.6%, disrupted ovary development, and inhibited vitellogenin (Vg) expression. Our results show that a combination of proteomic and transcriptomic analyses provided five candidate proteins and genes for further study. The knowledge gained from this study may lead to a more fundamental understanding of the fecundity of this important agricultural insect pest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University , No. 135 Xingang West Road, Guangzhou 510275, China
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