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Jourdi G, Fleury S, Boukhatem I, Lordkipanidzé M. Soluble p75 neurotrophic receptor as a reliable biomarker in neurodegenerative diseases: what is the evidence? Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:536-541. [PMID: 37721281 PMCID: PMC10581574 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.380873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are often misdiagnosed, especially when the diagnosis is based solely on clinical symptoms. The p75 neurotrophic receptor (p75NTR) has been studied as an index of sensory and motor nerve development and maturation. Its cleavable extracellular domain (ECD) is readily detectable in various biological fluids including plasma, serum and urine. There is evidence for increased p75NTR ECD levels in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, age-related dementia, schizophrenia, and diabetic neuropathy. Whether p75NTR ECD could be used as a biomarker for diagnosis and/or prognosis in these disorders, and whether it could potentially lead to the development of targeted therapies, remains an open question. In this review, we present and discuss published studies that have evaluated the relevance of this emerging biomarker in the context of various neurodegenerative diseases. We also highlight areas that require further investigation to better understand the role of p75NTR ECD in the clinical diagnosis and management of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georges Jourdi
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM, Innovative Therapies in Haemostasis, Paris, France
- Service d’Hématologie Biologique, AP-HP, Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France
| | - Samuel Fleury
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Imane Boukhatem
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Marie Lordkipanidzé
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Loeffler DA. Approaches for Increasing Cerebral Efflux of Amyloid-β in Experimental Systems. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 100:379-411. [PMID: 38875041 PMCID: PMC11307100 DOI: 10.3233/jad-240212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Amyloid protein-β (Aβ) concentrations are increased in the brain in both early onset and late onset Alzheimer's disease (AD). In early onset AD, cerebral Aβ production is increased and its clearance is decreased, while increased Aβ burden in late onset AD is due to impaired clearance. Aβ has been the focus of AD therapeutics since development of the amyloid hypothesis, but efforts to slow AD progression by lowering brain Aβ failed until phase 3 trials with the monoclonal antibodies lecanemab and donanemab. In addition to promoting phagocytic clearance of Aβ, antibodies lower cerebral Aβ by efflux of Aβ-antibody complexes across the capillary endothelia, dissolving Aβ aggregates, and a "peripheral sink" mechanism. Although the blood-brain barrier is the main route by which soluble Aβ leaves the brain (facilitated by low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 and ATP-binding cassette sub-family B member 1), Aβ can also be removed via the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier, glymphatic drainage, and intramural periarterial drainage. This review discusses experimental approaches to increase cerebral Aβ efflux via these mechanisms, clinical applications of these approaches, and findings in clinical trials with these approaches in patients with AD or mild cognitive impairment. Based on negative findings in clinical trials with previous approaches targeting monomeric Aβ, increasing the cerebral efflux of soluble Aβ is unlikely to slow AD progression if used as monotherapy. But if used as an adjunct to treatment with lecanemab or donanemab, this approach might allow greater slowing of AD progression than treatment with either antibody alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A. Loeffler
- Department of Neurology, Beaumont Research Institute, Corewell Health, Royal Oak, MI, USA
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Xie Y, Sun Y, Liu Y, Zhao J, Liu Q, Xu J, Qin Y, He R, Yuan F, Wu T, Duan C, Jiang L, Lu H, Hu J. Targeted Delivery of RGD-CD146 +CD271 + Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes Promotes Blood-Spinal Cord Barrier Repair after Spinal Cord Injury. ACS NANO 2023; 17:18008-18024. [PMID: 37695238 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c04423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) disrupts the blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB), potentially exacerbating nerve damage and emphasizing the criticality of preserving the BSCB integrity during SCI treatment. This study explores an alternative therapeutic approach for SCI by identifying a subpopulation of exosomes with stable BSCB function and achieving a specific targeted delivery. Specific subpopulations of CD146+CD271+ umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UCMSCs) were isolated, from which engineered exosomes (RGD-CD146+CD271+ UCMSC-Exos) with targeted neovascularization function were obtained through gene transfection. In vivo and in vitro experiments were performed to explore the targeting and therapeutic effects of RGD-CD146+CD271+ UCMSC-Exos and the potential mechanisms underlying BSCB stabilization and neural function recovery. The results demonstrated that RGD-CD146+CD271+ UCMSC-Exos exhibited physical and chemical properties similar to those of regular exosomes. Notably, following intranasal administration, RGD-CD146+CD271+ UCMSC-Exos exhibited enhanced aggregation at the SCI center and demonstrated the specific targeting of neovascular endothelial cells. In the SCI model, intranasal administration of RGD-CD146+CD271+ UCMSC-Exos reduced Evans blue dye leakage, increased tight junction protein expression, and improved neurological function recovery. In vitro testing revealed that RGD-CD146+CD271+ UCMSC-Exos treatment significantly reduced the permeability of bEnd.3 cells subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation, thereby restoring the integrity of tight junctions. Moreover, further exploration of the molecular mechanism underlying BSCB stabilization by CD146+CD271+ UCMSC-Exos identified the crucial role of the miR-501-5p/MLCK axis in this process. In conclusion, targeted delivery of RGD-CD146+CD271+ UCMSC-Exos presents a promising and effective treatment option for SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Xie
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410005, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha 410005, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Sports and Health, Changsha 410005, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410005, China
| | - Yi Sun
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410005, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha 410005, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Sports and Health, Changsha 410005, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410005, China
| | - Yudong Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410005, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha 410005, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Sports and Health, Changsha 410005, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410005, China
| | - Jinyun Zhao
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410005, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha 410005, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Sports and Health, Changsha 410005, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410005, China
| | - Quanbo Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410005, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha 410005, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Sports and Health, Changsha 410005, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410005, China
| | - Jiaqi Xu
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410005, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha 410005, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Sports and Health, Changsha 410005, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410005, China
| | - Yiming Qin
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410005, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha 410005, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Sports and Health, Changsha 410005, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410005, China
| | - Rundong He
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410005, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha 410005, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Sports and Health, Changsha 410005, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410005, China
| | - Feifei Yuan
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410005, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha 410005, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Sports and Health, Changsha 410005, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410005, China
| | - Tianding Wu
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410005, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha 410005, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Sports and Health, Changsha 410005, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410005, China
| | - Chunyue Duan
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410005, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha 410005, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Sports and Health, Changsha 410005, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410005, China
| | - Liyuan Jiang
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410005, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha 410005, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Sports and Health, Changsha 410005, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410005, China
| | - Hongbin Lu
- Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410005, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha 410005, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Sports and Health, Changsha 410005, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410005, China
| | - Jianzhong Hu
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410005, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha 410005, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Sports and Health, Changsha 410005, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410005, China
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Targeting choroid plexus epithelium as a novel therapeutic strategy for hydrocephalus. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:156. [PMID: 35715859 PMCID: PMC9205094 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02500-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The choroid plexus is a tissue located in the lateral ventricles of the brain and is composed mainly of choroid plexus epithelium cells. The main function is currently thought to be the secretion of cerebrospinal fluid and the regulation of its pH, and more functions are gradually being demonstrated. Assistance in the removal of metabolic waste and participation in the apoptotic pathway are also the functions of choroid plexus. Besides, it helps to repair the brain by regulating the secretion of neuropeptides and the delivery of drugs. It is involved in the immune response to assist in the clearance of infections in the central nervous system. It is now believed that the choroid plexus is in an inflammatory state after damage to the brain. This state, along with changes in the cilia, is thought to be an abnormal physiological state of the choroid plexus, which in turn leads to abnormal conditions in cerebrospinal fluid and triggers hydrocephalus. This review describes the pathophysiological mechanism of hydrocephalus following choroid plexus epithelium cell abnormalities based on the normal physiological functions of choroid plexus epithelium cells, and analyzes the attempts and future developments of using choroid plexus epithelium cells as a therapeutic target for hydrocephalus.
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Fleury S, Schnitzer ME, Ledoux-Hutchinson L, Boukhatem I, Bélanger JC, Welman M, Busseuil D, Tardif JC, D’Antono B, Lordkipanidzé M. Clinical Correlates Identify ProBDNF and Thrombo-Inflammatory Markers as Key Predictors of Circulating p75NTR Extracellular Domain Levels in Older Adults. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:821865. [PMID: 35264944 PMCID: PMC8899540 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.821865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The p75NTR receptor binds all neurotrophins and is mostly known for its role in neuronal survival and apoptosis. Recently, the extracellular domain (ECD) of p75NTR has been reported in plasma, its levels being dysregulated in numerous neurological diseases. However, the factors associated with p75NTR ECD levels remain unknown. We investigated clinical correlates of plasma p75NTR ECD levels in older adults without clinically manifested neurological disorders. Circulating p75NTR levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in plasma obtained from participants in the BEL-AGE cohort (n = 1,280). Determinants of plasma p75NTR ECD levels were explored using linear and non-linear statistical models. Plasma p75NTR ECD levels were higher in male participants; were positively correlated with circulating concentrations of pro-brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and inflammatory markers interleukin-6 and CD40 Ligand; and were negatively correlated with the platelet activation marker P-selectin. While most individuals had p75NTR levels ranging from 43 to 358 pg/ml, high p75NTR levels reaching up to 9,000 pg/ml were detectable in a subgroup representing 15% of the individuals studied. In this cohort of older adults without clinically manifested neurological disorders, there was no association between plasma p75NTR ECD levels and cognitive performance, as assessed by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment score. The physiological relevance of high p75NTR ECD levels in plasma warrants further investigation. Further research assessing the source of circulating p75NTR is needed for a deeper understanding of the direction of effect, and to investigate whether high p75NTR ECD levels are predictive biomarkers or consequences of neuropathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Fleury
- Research Centre, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Mireille E. Schnitzer
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Imane Boukhatem
- Research Centre, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-Christophe Bélanger
- Research Centre, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Mélanie Welman
- Research Centre, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - David Busseuil
- Research Centre, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-Claude Tardif
- Research Centre, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Bianca D’Antono
- Research Centre, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Bianca D’Antono,
| | - Marie Lordkipanidzé
- Research Centre, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Marie Lordkipanidzé,
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Carrasco RA, Singh J, Adams GP. The relationship between gonadotropin releasing hormone and ovulation inducing factor/nerve growth factor receptors in the hypothalamus of the llama. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2018; 16:83. [PMID: 30170607 PMCID: PMC6119247 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-018-0402-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A molecule identical to nerve growth factor, with ovulation-inducing properties has been discovered in the seminal plasma of South American camelids (ovulation-inducing factor/nerve growth factor; OIF/NGF). We hypothesize that the ovulatory effect of OIF/NGF is initiated at the level of the hypothalamus, presumably by GnRH neurons. The objective of the present study was to determine the structural relationship between GnRH neurons and neurons expressing high- and low-affinity receptors for NGF (i.e., TrkA and p75, respectively) in the hypothalamus. METHODS Mature llamas (n = 4) were euthanized and their hypothalamic tissue was fixed, sectioned, and processed for immunohistochemistry on free-floating sections. Ten equidistant sections per brain were double stained for immunofluorescence detection of TrkA and GnRH, or p75 and GnRH. RESULTS Cells immunoreactive to TrkA were detected in most hypothalamic areas, but the majority of cells were detected in the diagonal band of Broca (part of the ventral forebrain) and the supraoptic nuclei and periventricular area. The number of cells immunoreactive to p75 was highest in the diagonal band of Broca and lateral preoptic areas and least in more caudal areas of the hypothalamus (p < 0.05) in a pattern similar to that of TrkA. A low proportion of GnRH neurons were immunoreactive to TrkA (2.5% of total GnRH cells), and no co-localization between GnRH and p75 was detected. GnRH neuron fibers were detected only occasionally in proximity to TrkA immunopositive neurons. CONCLUSIONS Results do not support the hypothesis that the effect of OIF/NGF is driven by a direct interaction with GnRH neurons, but rather provide rationale for the hypothesis that interneurons exist in the hypothalamus that mediate OIF/NGF-induced ovulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo A. Carrasco
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 campus drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N5B4 Canada
| | - Jaswant Singh
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 campus drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N5B4 Canada
| | - Gregg P. Adams
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 campus drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N5B4 Canada
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Pius-Sadowska E, Kawa MP, Kłos P, Rogińska D, Rudnicki M, Boehlke M, Waloszczyk P, Machaliński B. Alteration of Selected Neurotrophic Factors and their Receptor Expression in Mouse Brain Response to Whole-Brain Irradiation. Radiat Res 2016; 186:489-507. [DOI: 10.1667/rr14457.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Ortolano S, Vieitez I, Agis-Balboa RC, Spuch C. Loss of GABAergic cortical neurons underlies the neuropathology of Lafora disease. Mol Brain 2014; 7:7. [PMID: 24472629 PMCID: PMC3917365 DOI: 10.1186/1756-6606-7-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Lafora disease is an autosomal recessive form of progressive myoclonic epilepsy caused by defects in the EPM2A and EPM2B genes. Primary symptoms of the pathology include seizures, ataxia, myoclonus, and progressive development of severe dementia. Lafora disease can be caused by defects in the EPM2A gene, which encodes the laforin protein phosphatase, or in the NHLRC1 gene (also called EPM2B) codifying the malin E3 ubiquitin ligase. Studies on cellular models showed that laforin and malin interact and operate as a functional complex apparently regulating cellular functions such as glycogen metabolism, cellular stress response, and the proteolytic processes. However, the pathogenesis and the molecular mechanism of the disease, which imply either laforin or malin are poorly understood. Thus, the aim of our study is to elucidate the molecular mechanism of the pathology by characterizing cerebral cortex neurodegeneration in the well accepted murine model of Lafora disease EPM2A-/- mouse. Results In this article, we want to asses the primary cause of the neurodegeneration in Lafora disease by studying GABAergic neurons in the cerebral cortex. We showed that the majority of Lafora bodies are specifically located in GABAergic neurons of the cerebral cortex of 3 months-old EPM2A-/- mice. Moreover, GABAergic neurons in the cerebral cortex of younger mice (1 month-old) are decreased in number and present altered neurotrophins and p75NTR signalling. Conclusions Here, we concluded that there is impairment in GABAergic neurons neurodevelopment in the cerebral cortex, which occurs prior to the formation of Lafora bodies in the cytoplasm. The dysregulation of cerebral cortex development may contribute to Lafora disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Carlos Spuch
- Group of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Psychiatric Disorders, Institute of Biomedical Research of Vigo (IBIV), Xerencia de Xestion Integrada de Vigo, SERGAS, Psychiatric Hospital Rebullón, Puxeiros s/n, Pontevedra 36415 Mos, Spain.
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Bolos M, Spuch C, Ordoñez-Gutierrez L, Wandosell F, Ferrer I, Carro E. Neurogenic effects of β-amyloid in the choroid plexus epithelial cells in Alzheimer's disease. Cell Mol Life Sci 2013; 70:2787-97. [PMID: 23455075 PMCID: PMC11113903 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-013-1300-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2012] [Revised: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
β-amyloid (Aβ) can promote neurogenesis, both in vitro and in vivo, by inducing neural progenitor cells to differentiate into neurons. The choroid plexus in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is burdened with amyloid deposits and hosts neuronal progenitor cells. However, neurogenesis in this brain tissue is not firmly established. To investigate this issue further, we examined the effect of Aβ on the neuronal differentiation of choroid plexus epithelial cells in several experimental models of AD. Here we show that Aβ regulates neurogenesis in vitro in cultured choroid plexus epithelial cells as well as in vivo in the choroid plexus of APP/Ps1 mice. Treatment with oligomeric Aβ increased proliferation and differentiation of neuronal progenitor cells in cultured choroid plexus epithelial cells, but decreased survival of newly born neurons. These Aβ-induced neurogenic effects were also observed in choroid plexus of APP/PS1 mice, and detected also in autopsy tissue from AD patients. Analysis of signaling pathways revealed that pre-treating the choroid plexus epithelial cells with specific inhibitors of TyrK or MAPK diminished Aβ-induced neuronal proliferation. Taken together, our results support a role of Aβ in proliferation and differentiation in the choroid plexus epithelial cells in Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Bolos
- Neuroscience Group, Instituto de Investigacion Hospital, 12 de Octubre (i+12), Av. de Córdoba s/n. 28041, Madrid, Spain
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Spuch
- Department of Pathology and Neuropathology, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo (CHUVI), Hospital of Meixoeiro, Vigo, Spain
| | - Lara Ordoñez-Gutierrez
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Biología Molecular “Severo Ochoa”, CSIC-UAM, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Wandosell
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Biología Molecular “Severo Ochoa”, CSIC-UAM, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isidro Ferrer
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Neuropatologia, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eva Carro
- Neuroscience Group, Instituto de Investigacion Hospital, 12 de Octubre (i+12), Av. de Córdoba s/n. 28041, Madrid, Spain
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
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Spuch C, Ortolano S, Navarro C. LRP-1 and LRP-2 receptors function in the membrane neuron. Trafficking mechanisms and proteolytic processing in Alzheimer's disease. Front Physiol 2012; 3:269. [PMID: 22934024 PMCID: PMC3429044 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2012.00269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2012] [Accepted: 06/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP) belongs to the low-density lipoprotein receptor family, generally recognized as cell surface endocytic receptors, which bind and internalize extracellular ligands for degradation in lysosomes. Neurons require cholesterol to function and keep the membrane rafts stable. Cholesterol uptake into the neuron is carried out by ApoE via LRPs receptors on the cell surface. In neurons the most important are LRP-1 and LRP-2, even it is thought that a causal factor in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the malfunction of this process which cause impairment intracellular signaling as well as storage and/or release of nutrients and toxic compounds. Both receptors are multifunctional cell surface receptors that are widely expressed in several tissues including neurons and astrocytes. LRPs are constituted by an intracellular (ICD) and extracellular domain (ECD). Through its ECD, LRPs bind at least 40 different ligands ranging from lipoprotein and protease inhibitor complex to growth factors and extracellular matrix proteins. These receptors has also been shown to interact with scaffolding and signaling proteins via its ICD in a phosphorylation-dependent manner and to function as a co-receptor partnering with other cell surface or integral membrane proteins. Thus, LRPs are implicated in two major physiological processes: endocytosis and regulation of signaling pathways, which are both involved in diverse biological roles including lipid metabolism, cell growth processes, degradation of proteases, and tissue invasion. Interestingly, LRPs were also localized in neurons in different stages, suggesting that both receptors could be implicated in signal transduction during embryonic development, neuronal outgrowth or in the pathogenesis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Spuch
- Department of Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital of VigoVigo, Spain
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Zhou XF, Wang YJ. The p75NTR extracellular domain: a potential molecule regulating the solubility and removal of amyloid-β. Prion 2011; 5:161-3. [PMID: 21814043 DOI: 10.4161/pri.5.3.16896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Senile plaques composed of amyloid-beta (Aβ) in the brain are one of the hallmarks of Alzheimer disease (AD). Removal of Aβ from the brain is the most important therapeutic strategy for AD. The solubility of Aβ is critical for its endocytosis, transcytosis and removal from the brain. Our recent study has found that the extracellular domain of p75NTR, the neurotrophin receptor, plays an important role in the solubility of Aβ and might be one of the endogenous mechanisms in the regulation of Aβ plaque formation. The physiologically shedded extracellular domain of p75NTR is able to inhibit Aβ aggregation and diasggregate preformed Aβ fibrils, while the full p75NTR expressed on neurites, endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells in blood-brain barrier (BBB) might initiate Aβ endocytosis and degradation, and/or remove Aβ from the brain via BBB. Understanding the roles of p75NTR in the solubility and clearance of Aβ may allow targetting p75NTR as a unique opportunity to develop therapeutic drugs for the prevention and treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Fu Zhou
- Department of Physiology and Centre for Neuroscience, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
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