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Aydin IH, El-Mallakh RS. Concept article: Antidepressant-induced destabilization in bipolar illness mediated by serotonin 3 receptor (5HT3). Bipolar Disord 2024. [PMID: 39218660 DOI: 10.1111/bdi.13494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Antidepressants used by patients with bipolar disorder have been associated with destabilization with an increase in mania, depression, and cycling. The most commonly proposed mechanism, that antidepressants 'overshoot' their antidepressant effect to create a manic or mixed state, is unlikely since antidepressants have actually been found to be ineffective in treating bipolar depression. Beginning with known bipolar-specific pathophysiologic abnormalities provides the greatest likelihood of insight. METHODS PubMed was queried with 'bipolar', 'sodium', 'intracellular sodium', 'serotonin 3', '5HT3', '5-hydroxytryptamine type 3 receptors', and 'antidepressant' either individually or in combination. RESULTS Pathologic mood states (both mania and depression) are associated with increased intracellular sodium (Na) concentrations that depolarize the resting membrane potential to increase cellular excitability (mania) or cause depolarization block (depression). Stimulation of the serotonin (5HT) receptors depolarizes the post-synaptic neuron. Stimulation of 5HT3 may be of particular importance since it is coupled to a cation channel that directly depolarizes the membrane. These effects directly impact the physiology of patients with bipolar disorder to alter neuronal excitability in a fashion that worsens both mania and depression. PROPOSED CONCEPT The most consistently observed biological abnormality in individuals going through mania or bipolar depression involves a decline in Na pump activity, with consequent elevation of intracellular Na levels. Antidepressant treatment potentiates this, particularly by activation of 5HT3. This hypothesis can be tested by coadministering a 5HT3 antagonist (e.g., vortioxetine or ondansetron) to achieve blockade of that receptor while treating bipolar depression with a serotoninergic antidepressant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irem Hacisalihoglu Aydin
- Mood Disorders Research Program, Depression Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Rif S El-Mallakh
- Mood Disorders Research Program, Depression Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
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Erazo-Toscano R, Fomenko M, Core S, Calabrese RL, Cymbalyuk G. Bursting Dynamics Based on the Persistent Na + and Na +/K + Pump Currents: A Dynamic Clamp Approach. eNeuro 2023; 10:ENEURO.0331-22.2023. [PMID: 37433684 PMCID: PMC10444573 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0331-22.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Life-supporting rhythmic motor functions like heart-beating in invertebrates and breathing in vertebrates require an indefatigable generation of a robust rhythm by specialized oscillatory circuits, central pattern generators (CPGs). These CPGs should be sufficiently flexible to adjust to environmental changes and behavioral goals. Continuous self-sustained operation of bursting neurons requires intracellular Na+ concentration to remain in a functional range and to have checks and balances of the Na+ fluxes met on a cycle-to-cycle basis during bursting. We hypothesize that at a high excitability state, the interaction of the Na+/K+ pump current, Ipump, and persistent Na+ current, INaP, produces a mechanism supporting functional bursting. INaP is a low voltage-activated inward current that initiates and supports the bursting phase. This current does not inactivate and is a significant source of Na+ influx. Ipump is an outward current activated by [Na+]i and is the major source of Na+ efflux. Both currents are active and counteract each other between and during bursts. We apply a combination of electrophysiology, computational modeling, and dynamic clamp to investigate the role of Ipump and INaP in the leech heartbeat CPG interneurons (HN neurons). Applying dynamic clamp to introduce additional Ipump and INaP into the dynamics of living synaptically isolated HN neurons in real time, we show that their joint increase produces transition into a new bursting regime characterized by higher spike frequency and larger amplitude of the membrane potential oscillations. Further increase of Ipump speeds up this rhythm by shortening burst duration (BD) and interburst interval (IBI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Erazo-Toscano
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, 30302 GA
- Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, 30322 GA
| | - Mykhailo Fomenko
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, 30302 GA
| | - Samuel Core
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, 30302 GA
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Sakamoto C, Fujinoki M, Kitazawa M, Obayashi S. Serotonergic signals enhanced hamster sperm hyperactivation. J Reprod Dev 2021; 67:241-250. [PMID: 33980767 PMCID: PMC8423610 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2020-108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated the regulatory mechanisms underlying sperm hyperactivation enhanced by 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in hamsters. First, we examined the types of 5-HT
receptors that regulate hyperactivation. Hyperactivation was significantly enhanced by 5-HT2A and 5-HT4 receptor agonists. Moreover, the results of the motility assay
revealed that 5-HT2A, 5-HT3, and 5-HT4 receptor agonists significantly decreased the velocity and/or amplitude of sperm. Under 5-HT2 receptor
stimulation, hyperactivation was associated with phospholipase C (PLC), inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) receptor, soluble adenylate cyclase (sAC), and protein kinase A (PKA).
In contrast, under 5-HT4 receptor stimulation, hyperactivation was associated with transmembrane adenylate cyclase (tmAC), sAC, PKA, and CatSper channels. Accordingly, under the
condition that sperm are hyperactivated, 5-HT likely stimulates PLC/IP3 receptor signals via the 5-HT2A receptor and tmAC/PKA/CatSper channel signals via the
5-HT4 receptor. After sAC and PKA are activated by these stimulations, sperm hyperactivation is enhanced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiyori Sakamoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan
| | - Masakatsu Fujinoki
- Research Lab. of Laboratory Animals, Research Center for Laboratory Animals, Comprehensive Research Facilities for Advanced Medical Science, School of Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan
| | - Masafumi Kitazawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan
| | - Satoshi Obayashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan
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Ellingson PJ, Barnett WH, Kueh D, Vargas A, Calabrese RL, Cymbalyuk GS. Comodulation of h- and Na +/K + Pump Currents Expands the Range of Functional Bursting in a Central Pattern Generator by Navigating between Dysfunctional Regimes. J Neurosci 2021; 41:6468-6483. [PMID: 34103361 PMCID: PMC8318076 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0158-21.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Central pattern generators (CPGs), specialized oscillatory neuronal networks controlling rhythmic motor behaviors such as breathing and locomotion, must adjust their patterns of activity to a variable environment and changing behavioral goals. Neuromodulation adjusts these patterns by orchestrating changes in multiple ionic currents. In the medicinal leech, the endogenous neuromodulator myomodulin speeds up the heartbeat CPG by reducing the electrogenic Na+/K+ pump current and increasing h-current in pairs of mutually inhibitory leech heart interneurons (HNs), which form half-center oscillators (HN HCOs). Here we investigate whether the comodulation of two currents could have advantages over a single current in the control of functional bursting patterns of a CPG. We use a conductance-based biophysical model of an HN HCO to explain the experimental effects of myomodulin. We demonstrate that, in the model, comodulation of the Na+/K+ pump current and h-current expands the range of functional bursting activity by avoiding transitions into nonfunctional regimes, such as asymmetric bursting and plateau-containing seizure-like activity. We validate the model by finding parameters that reproduce temporal bursting characteristics matching experimental recordings from HN HCOs under control, three different myomodulin concentrations, and Cs+ treated conditions. The matching cases are located along the border of an asymmetric regime away from the border with more dangerous seizure-like activity. We found a simple comodulation mechanism with an inverse relation between the pump and h-currents makes a good fit of the matching cases and comprises a general mechanism for the robust and flexible control of oscillatory neuronal networks.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Rhythm-generating neuronal circuits adjust their oscillatory patterns to accommodate a changing environment through neuromodulation. In different species, chemical messengers participating in such processes may target two or more membrane currents. In medicinal leeches, the neuromodulator myomodulin speeds up the heartbeat central pattern generator by reducing Na+/K+ pump current and increasing h-current. In a computational model, we show that this comodulation expands the range of central pattern generator's functional activity by navigating the circuit between dysfunctional regimes resulting in a much wider range of cycle period. This control would not be attainable by modulating only one current, emphasizing the synergy of combined effects. Given the prevalence of h-current and Na+/K+ pump current in neurons, similar comodulation mechanisms may exist across species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parker J Ellingson
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303
| | - William H Barnett
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303
| | - Daniel Kueh
- Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Alex Vargas
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303
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Na +/K +-pump and neurotransmitter membrane receptors. INVERTEBRATE NEUROSCIENCE 2018; 19:1. [PMID: 30488358 PMCID: PMC6267510 DOI: 10.1007/s10158-018-0221-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Na+/K+-pump is an electrogenic transmembrane ATPase located in the outer plasma membrane of cells. The Na+/K+-ATPase pumps 3 sodium ions out of cells while pumping 2 potassium ions into cells. Both cations move against their concentration gradients. This enzyme's electrogenic nature means that it has a chronic role in stabilizing the resting membrane potential of the cell, in regulating the cell volume and in the signal transduction of the cell. This review will mainly consider the role of the Na+/K+-pump in neurons, with an emphasis on its role in modulating neurotransmitter receptor. Most of the literature on the modulation of neurotransmitter receptors refers to the situation in the mammalian nervous system, but the position is likely to be similar in most, if not all, invertebrate nervous systems.
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Smith NA, Kress BT, Lu Y, Chandler-Militello D, Benraiss A, Nedergaard M. Fluorescent Ca 2+ indicators directly inhibit the Na,K-ATPase and disrupt cellular functions. Sci Signal 2018; 11:11/515/eaal2039. [PMID: 29382785 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aal2039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent Ca2+ indicators have been essential for the analysis of Ca2+ signaling events in various cell types. We showed that chemical Ca2+ indicators, but not a genetically encoded Ca2+ indicator, potently suppressed the activity of Na+- and K+-dependent adenosine triphosphatase (Na,K-ATPase), independently of their Ca2+ chelating activity. Loading of commonly used Ca2+ indicators, including Fluo-4 acetoxymethyl (AM), Rhod-2 AM, and Fura-2 AM, and of the Ca2+ chelator BAPTA AM into cultured mouse or human neurons, astrocytes, cardiomyocytes, or kidney proximal tubule epithelial cells suppressed Na,K-ATPase activity by 30 to 80%. Ca2+ indicators also suppressed the agonist-induced activation of the Na,K-ATPase, altered metabolic status, and caused a dose-dependent loss of cell viability. Loading of Ca2+ indicators into mice, which is carried out for two-photon imaging, markedly altered brain extracellular concentrations of K+ and ATP. These results suggest that a critical review of data obtained with chemical Ca2+ indicators may be necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan A Smith
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Departments of Neurosurgery and Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.,Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Benjamin T Kress
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Departments of Neurosurgery and Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Yuan Lu
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Departments of Neurosurgery and Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Devin Chandler-Militello
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Departments of Neurosurgery and Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Abdellatif Benraiss
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Departments of Neurosurgery and Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Maiken Nedergaard
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Departments of Neurosurgery and Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
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Chakraborty D, Fedorova OV, Bagrov AY, Kaphzan H. Selective ligands for Na+/K+-ATPase α isoforms differentially and cooperatively regulate excitability of pyramidal neurons in distinct brain regions. Neuropharmacology 2017; 117:338-351. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Shuyu Capsules Relieve Premenstrual Syndrome Depression by Reducing 5-HT 3AR and 5-HT 3BR Expression in the Rat Brain. Neural Plast 2016; 2016:7950781. [PMID: 27725889 PMCID: PMC5048033 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7950781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of the Shuyu capsule on 5-HT3AR and 5-HT3BR expression in a rat model of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) depression and on 5-HT3AR and 5-HT3BR expression and hippocampal neuron 5-HT3 channel current were investigated, to elucidate its mechanism of action against PMS depression. PMS depression model rats were divided into depression and Shuyu- and fluoxetine-treated groups, which were compared to control rats for frontal lobe and hippocampal 5-HT3AR and 5-HT3BR expression and behavior. The depressed model rats displayed symptoms of depression, which were reduced in treated and normal control rats. Frontal lobe and hippocampal 5-HT3AR and 5-HT3BR levels were significantly higher in the model versus the control group and were significantly lower in the Shuyu group. As compared to control rats, the 5-HT3R channel current in the model group was significantly higher; the 5-HT3R channel current in hippocampal neurons treated with serum from Shuyu group rats was significantly lower than that in those treated with model group serum. Thus, PMS depression may be related to 5-HT3AR and 5-HT3BR expression and increased 5-HT3 channel current. Shuyu capsules rectified abnormal 5-HT3AR and 5-HT3BR expression and 5-HT3 channel current changes in a rat model; this finding may provide insight into treating PMS depression.
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Tsuzawa K, Yazawa I, Shakuo T, Ikeda K, Kawakami K, Onimaru H. Effects of ouabain on respiratory rhythm generation in brainstem-spinal cord preparation from newborn rats and in decerebrate and arterially perfused in situ preparation from juvenile rats. Neuroscience 2014; 286:404-11. [PMID: 25512246 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Revised: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The significance of Na/K-ATPase on respiratory rhythm generation is not well understood. We investigated the effects of the Na/K-ATPase blocker, ouabain, on respiratory rhythm. Experiments were performed with brainstem-spinal cord preparation from 0 to 3-day-old Wistar rats and with decerebrate and arterially perfused in situ preparation from juvenile rats (postnatal day 11-13). Newborn rat preparations were superfused at a rate of 3.0 ml/min with artificial cerebrospinal fluid, equilibrated with 95% O2 and 5% CO2, pH 7.4, at 26-27 °C. Inspiratory activity was monitored from the fourth cervical ventral root (C4). Application of ouabain (15-20 min) resulted in a dose-dependent increase in the burst rate of C4 inspiratory activity. After washout, the burst rate further increased to reach quasi-maximum values under each condition (e.g. 183% of control in 1 μM, 253% in 10 μM, and 303% in 20 μM at 30 min washout). Inspiratory or pre-inspiratory neurons in the rostral ventrolateral medulla were depolarized. We obtained similar results (i.e. increased phrenic burst rate) in an in situ perfused preparation of juvenile rats. Genes encoding the Na/K-ATPase α subunit were expressed in the region of the parafacial respiratory group (pFRG) in neonatal rats, suggesting that cells (neurons and/or glias) in the pFRG were one of the targets of ouabain. We concluded that Na/K-ATPase activity could be an important factor in respiratory rhythm modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Tsuzawa
- Department of Physiology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - I Yazawa
- Department of Anatomy, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - T Shakuo
- Department of Physiology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - K Ikeda
- Division of Biology, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan
| | - K Kawakami
- Division of Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - H Onimaru
- Department of Physiology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan.
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