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Network Theoretical Approach to Explore Factors Affecting Signal Propagation and Stability in Dementia’s Protein-Protein Interaction Network. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12030451. [PMID: 35327643 PMCID: PMC8946103 DOI: 10.3390/biom12030451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Dementia—a syndrome affecting human cognition—is a major public health concern given to its rising prevalence worldwide. Though multiple research studies have analyzed disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease and Frontotemporal dementia using a systems biology approach, a similar approach to dementia syndrome as a whole is required. In this study, we try to find the high-impact core regulating processes and factors involved in dementia’s protein–protein interaction network. We also explore various aspects related to its stability and signal propagation. Using gene interaction databases such as STRING and GeneMANIA, a principal dementia network (PDN) consisting of 881 genes and 59,085 interactions was achieved. It was assortative in nature with hierarchical, scale-free topology enriched in various gene ontology (GO) categories and KEGG pathways, such as negative and positive regulation of apoptotic processes, macroautophagy, aging, response to drug, protein binding, etc. Using a clustering algorithm (Louvain method of modularity maximization) iteratively, we found a number of communities at different levels of hierarchy in PDN consisting of 95 “motif-localized hubs”, out of which, 7 were present at deepest level and hence were key regulators (KRs) of PDN (HSP90AA1, HSP90AB1, EGFR, FYN, JUN, CELF2 and CTNNA3). In order to explore aspects of network’s resilience, a knockout (of motif-localized hubs) experiment was carried out. It changed the network’s topology from a hierarchal scale-free topology to scale-free, where independent clusters exhibited greater control. Additionally, network experiments on interaction of druggable genome and motif-localized hubs were carried out where UBC, EGFR, APP, CTNNB1, NTRK1, FN1, HSP90AA1, MDM2, VCP, CTNNA1 and GRB2 were identified as hubs in the resultant network (RN). We finally concluded that stability and resilience of PDN highly relies on motif-localized hubs (especially those present at deeper levels), making them important therapeutic intervention candidates. HSP90AA1, involved in heat shock response (and its master regulator, i.e., HSF1), and EGFR are most important genes in pathology of dementia apart from KRs, given their presence as KRs as well as hubs in RN.
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Gerovska D, Araúzo-Bravo MJ. The common incidence-age multistep model of neurodegenerative diseases revisited: wider general age range of incidence corresponds to fewer disease steps. Cell Biosci 2022; 12:11. [PMID: 35093175 PMCID: PMC8801114 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-021-00737-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previously, we collected age-stratified incidence data of 404 epidemiological datasets of 10 neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), namely Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), Huntington’s disease (HD), Fronto Temporal Dementia (FTD), Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB), Parkinsonism (PDM), Parkinson’s disease with Dementia (PDD), Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (CJD), and Multiple Sclerosis (MS). We tested whether each ND follows a multistep model, found the number of steps necessary for the onset of each ND, found the number of common steps with other NDs and the number of specific steps of each ND, and built a parsimony tree of the genealogy of the NDs. The tree disclosed three groups of NDs: the stem NDs with less than 3 steps; the trunk NDs with 5–7 steps; and the crown NDs with more than 7 steps. Methods We made a multidimensional reduction of the previously collected age-stratified incidence epidemiological data of the 10 NDs. We studied the general range of incidence of the 10 NDs using the age- and sex-stratified incidence data. First, we calculated the log of the incidence versus the log of the age for each ND. Next, we calculated the age intervals of the spread of the incidence of each ND. We calculated the regression of the steps obtained with the multistep model versus the age of incidence of the NDs. Results We found that the number of steps of the NDs is inversely correlated with the age of incidence of the NDs, and calculated the number of years required for a single step for each ND. Based on these results, we extended the genealogy tree model of the NDs to account for the time needed for a ND step to occur. Conclusion The extended genealogy tree disclosed three groups of NDs according to the estimated time needed for a step to occur: the stem ND, HD, with 32.5 years/step, the trunk NDs ALS, FTD, PD and CJD, with 6.7–13.7 years/step; and the crown NDs PDM, PDD, AD and DLB, with 2.3–3.8 years/step. Thus, the NDs cluster into three groups according to both the number of steps and the number of years for a step to occur.
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Hsp90 Inhibition: A Promising Therapeutic Approach for ARSACS. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111722. [PMID: 34769152 PMCID: PMC8584178 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Autosomal recessive spastic ataxia of Charlevoix-Saguenay (ARSACS) is a neurodegenerative disease caused by mutations in the SACS gene, encoding the 520 kDa modular protein sacsin, which comprises multiple functional sequence domains that suggest a role either as a scaffold in protein folding or in proteostasis. Cells from patients with ARSACS display a distinct phenotype including altered organisation of the intermediate filament cytoskeleton and a hyperfused mitochondrial network where mitochondrial respiration is compromised. Here, we used vimentin bundling as a biomarker of sacsin function to test the therapeutic potential of Hsp90 inhibition with the C-terminal-domain-targeted compound KU-32, which has demonstrated mitochondrial activity. This study shows that ARSACS patient cells have significantly increased vimentin bundling compared to control, and this was also present in ARSACS carriers despite them being asymptomatic. We found that KU-32 treatment significantly reduced vimentin bundling in carrier and patient cells. We also found that cells from patients with ARSACS were unable to maintain mitochondrial membrane potential upon challenge with mitotoxins, and that the electron transport chain function was restored upon KU-32 treatment. Our preliminary findings presented here suggest that targeting the heat-shock response by Hsp90 inhibition alleviates vimentin bundling and may represent a promising area for the development of therapeutics for ARSACS.
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Dash R, Jahan I, Ali MC, Mitra S, Munni YA, Timalsina B, Hannan MA, Moon IS. Potential roles of natural products in the targeting of proteinopathic neurodegenerative diseases. Neurochem Int 2021; 145:105011. [PMID: 33711400 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Defective proteostasis is associated with the gradual accumulations of misfolded proteins and is a hallmark of many age-associated neurodegenerative diseases. In the aged brain, maintenance of the proteostasis network presents a substantial challenge, and its loss contributes to the onset and progression of neurological diseases associated with cognitive decline due to the generation of toxic protein aggregates, a process termed 'proteinopathy'. Emerging evidence suggests that reversing proteinopathies by boosting proteostasis might provide an effective means of preventing neurodegeneration. From this perspective, phytochemicals may play significant roles as potent modulators of the proteostasis network, as previous reports have suggested they can interact with various network components to modify pathologies and confer neuroprotection. This review focuses on some potent phytochemicals that directly or indirectly modulate the proteostasis network and on their possible molecular targets. In addition, we propose strategies for the natural product-based modulation of proteostasis machinery that target proteinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raju Dash
- Department of Anatomy, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju, 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Israt Jahan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Life and Earth Sciences, Jagannath University, Dhaka, 1100, Bangladesh
| | - Md Chayan Ali
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Islamic University, Kushtia, 7003, Bangladesh
| | - Sarmistha Mitra
- Department of Anatomy, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju, 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeasmin Akter Munni
- Department of Anatomy, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju, 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Binod Timalsina
- Department of Anatomy, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju, 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Abdul Hannan
- Department of Anatomy, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju, 38066, Republic of Korea; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Il Soo Moon
- Department of Anatomy, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju, 38066, Republic of Korea.
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Bertazzo M, Bernetti M, Recanatini M, Masetti M, Cavalli A. Fully Flexible Docking via Reaction-Coordinate-Independent Molecular Dynamics Simulations. J Chem Inf Model 2018; 58:490-500. [PMID: 29378136 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.7b00674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Predicting the geometry of protein-ligand binding complexes is of primary importance for structure-based drug discovery. Molecular dynamics (MD) is emerging as a reliable computational tool for use in conjunction with, or an alternative to, docking methods. However, simulating the protein-ligand binding process often requires very expensive simulations. This drastically limits the practical application of MD-based approaches. Here, we propose a general framework to accelerate the generation of putative protein-ligand binding modes using potential-scaled MD simulations. The proposed dynamical protocol has been applied to two pharmaceutically relevant systems (GSK-3β and the N-terminal domain of HSP90α). Our approach is fully independent of any predefined reaction coordinate (or collective variable). It identified the correct binding mode of several ligands and can thus save valuable computational time in dynamic docking simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Bertazzo
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna , Via Belmeloro 6, 40126, Bologna, Italy.,CompuNet, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , Via Morego 30, 16163, Genova, Italy
| | - Mattia Bernetti
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna , Via Belmeloro 6, 40126, Bologna, Italy.,CompuNet, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , Via Morego 30, 16163, Genova, Italy
| | - Maurizio Recanatini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna , Via Belmeloro 6, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Matteo Masetti
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna , Via Belmeloro 6, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Cavalli
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna , Via Belmeloro 6, 40126, Bologna, Italy.,CompuNet, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , Via Morego 30, 16163, Genova, Italy
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6
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Titova N, Chaudhuri KR. Personalized Medicine and Nonmotor Symptoms in Parkinson's Disease. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2017; 134:1257-1281. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2017.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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7
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Emery SM, Dobrowsky RT. Promoting Neuronal Tolerance of Diabetic Stress: Modulating Molecular Chaperones. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2016; 127:181-210. [PMID: 27133150 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The etiology of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) involves an interrelated series of metabolic and vascular insults that ultimately contribute to sensory neuron degeneration. In the quest to pharmacologically manage DPN, small-molecule inhibitors have targeted proteins and pathways regarded as "diabetes specific" as well as others whose activity are altered in numerous disease states. These efforts have not yielded any significant therapies, due in part to the complicating issue that the biochemical contribution of these targets/pathways to the progression of DPN does not occur with temporal and/or biochemical uniformity between individuals. In a complex, chronic neurodegenerative disease such as DPN, it is increasingly appreciated that effective disease management may not necessarily require targeting a pathway or protein considered to contribute to disease progression. Alternatively, it may prove sufficiently beneficial to pharmacologically enhance the activity of endogenous cytoprotective pathways to aid neuronal tolerance to and recovery from glucotoxic stress. In pursuing this paradigm shift, we have shown that modulating the activity and expression of molecular chaperones such as heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) may provide translational potential for the effective medical management of insensate DPN. Considerable evidence supports that modulating Hsp70 has beneficial effects in improving inflammation, oxidative stress, and glucose sensitivity. Given the emerging potential of modulating Hsp70 to manage DPN, the current review discusses efforts to characterize the cytoprotective effects of this protein and the benefits and limitations that may arise in drug development efforts that exploit its cytoprotective activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Emery
- The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
| | - R T Dobrowsky
- The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States.
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8
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Anyika M, McMullen M, Forsberg LK, Dobrowsky RT, Blagg BSJ. Development of Noviomimetics as C-Terminal Hsp90 Inhibitors. ACS Med Chem Lett 2016; 7:67-71. [PMID: 26819668 PMCID: PMC4716602 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.5b00331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
KU-32 and KU-596 are novobiocin-derived, C-terminal heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) modulators that induce Hsp70 levels and manifest neuroprotective activity. However, the synthetically complex noviose sugar requires 10 steps to prepare, which makes translational development difficult. In this study, we developed a series of "noviomimetic" analogues of KU-596, which contain noviose surrogates that can be easily prepared, while maintaining the ability to induce Hsp70 levels. Both sugar and sugar analogues were designed, synthesized, and evaluated in a luciferase reporter assay, which identified compound 37, a benzyl containing noviomimetic, as the most potent inducer of Hsp70.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercy Anyika
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of
Kansas, 1251 Wescoe Hall
Drive, Malott 4070, Lawrence, Kansas 66045-7563, United States
| | - Mason McMullen
- Department
of Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Leah K. Forsberg
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of
Kansas, 1251 Wescoe Hall
Drive, Malott 4070, Lawrence, Kansas 66045-7563, United States
| | - Rick T. Dobrowsky
- Department
of Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Brian S. J. Blagg
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of
Kansas, 1251 Wescoe Hall
Drive, Malott 4070, Lawrence, Kansas 66045-7563, United States
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9
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Hsp90 Co-chaperones as Drug Targets in Cancer: Current Perspectives. TOPICS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/7355_2015_99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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10
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Pennisi R, Ascenzi P, di Masi A. Hsp90: A New Player in DNA Repair? Biomolecules 2015; 5:2589-618. [PMID: 26501335 PMCID: PMC4693249 DOI: 10.3390/biom5042589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Revised: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is an evolutionary conserved molecular chaperone that, together with Hsp70 and co-chaperones makes up the Hsp90 chaperone machinery, stabilizing and activating more than 200 proteins, involved in protein homeostasis (i.e., proteostasis), transcriptional regulation, chromatin remodeling, and DNA repair. Cells respond to DNA damage by activating complex DNA damage response (DDR) pathways that include: (i) cell cycle arrest; (ii) transcriptional and post-translational activation of a subset of genes, including those associated with DNA repair; and (iii) triggering of programmed cell death. The efficacy of the DDR pathways is influenced by the nuclear levels of DNA repair proteins, which are regulated by balancing between protein synthesis and degradation as well as by nuclear import and export. The inability to respond properly to either DNA damage or to DNA repair leads to genetic instability, which in turn may enhance the rate of cancer development. Multiple components of the DNA double strand breaks repair machinery, including BRCA1, BRCA2, CHK1, DNA-PKcs, FANCA, and the MRE11/RAD50/NBN complex, have been described to be client proteins of Hsp90, which acts as a regulator of the diverse DDR pathways. Inhibition of Hsp90 actions leads to the altered localization and stabilization of DDR proteins after DNA damage and may represent a cell-specific and tumor-selective radiosensibilizer. Here, the role of Hsp90-dependent molecular mechanisms involved in cancer onset and in the maintenance of the genome integrity is discussed and highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Pennisi
- Department of Sciences, Roma Tre University, Viale Guglielmo Marconi 446, Roma I-00146, Italy.
| | - Paolo Ascenzi
- Department of Sciences, Roma Tre University, Viale Guglielmo Marconi 446, Roma I-00146, Italy.
- Istituto Nazionale di Biostrutture e Biosistemi, Viale Medaglie d'Oro 305, Roma I-00136, Italy.
| | - Alessandra di Masi
- Department of Sciences, Roma Tre University, Viale Guglielmo Marconi 446, Roma I-00146, Italy.
- Istituto Nazionale di Biostrutture e Biosistemi, Viale Medaglie d'Oro 305, Roma I-00136, Italy.
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Zare N, Motamedi F, Digaleh H, Khodagholi F, Maghsoudi N. Collaboration of geldanamycin-activated P70S6K and Hsp70 against beta-amyloid-induced hippocampal apoptosis: an approach to long-term memory and learning. Cell Stress Chaperones 2015; 20:309-19. [PMID: 25576151 PMCID: PMC4326392 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-014-0550-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Revised: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the neuropathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the accumulation of beta-amyloid peptides (Aβ) in senile plaques. Aβ-induced oxidative stress is believed to be responsible for degeneration and apoptosis of neurons and consequent cognitive and memory deficits. Here, we investigated the possible neuroprotective effect of the heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) inhibitor geldanamycin (GA) against amyloid pathogenesis in adult male Wistar rats. GA or vehicle was injected into the lateral cerebral ventricles of rats 24 h before injection of Aβ (1-42) in CA1 area of hippocampus. The learning and memory of the rats were assessed 7 days after injection of Aβ using passive avoidance (PA) task. As potential contributing factors in Aβ-induced memory decline, we evaluated apoptotic markers and also used terminal-transferase UTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) technique to detect apoptosis in the hippocampus of Aβ-injected rats. Our behavioral data suggest that GA pretreatment can significantly suppress memory deficits in Aβ-injected rats. There was also not only a marked increase in Hsp70 level but also upregulated 70 kDa ribosomal protein S6 kinase (p70S6K) in the hippocampus of GA-treated groups with a reduction in apoptotic factors including caspase-3, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase, Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, and TUNEL-positive cells as well. Thus, we conclude that GA exerts its protective effects against Aβ (1-42) toxicity and memory deficits, at least in part, by upregulating of Hsp70 and P70S6K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayereh Zare
- />NeuroBiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- />Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Motamedi
- />NeuroBiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- />Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hadi Digaleh
- />NeuroBiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- />Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fariba Khodagholi
- />NeuroBiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- />Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nader Maghsoudi
- />NeuroBiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- />Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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12
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Unfolding the promise of translational targeting in neurodegenerative disease. Neuromolecular Med 2015; 17:147-57. [PMID: 25697885 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-015-8346-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
With the rise of aging populations, new challenges for health care systems are emerging. Degenerative conditions of the central nervous system share a strikingly great deal of similarities, particularly the production and buildup of malfolded proteins. As a result, stress pathways within the endoplasmic reticulum become activated, triggering widespread neuronal apoptosis. New pharmacological compounds targeting this response are emerging as promising treatment strategies. This review examines the current evidence for protein aggregation in neurodegenerative disease states and discusses future mechanisms of therapeutically targeting the endoplasmic reticulum.
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13
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Positive or negative involvement of heat shock proteins in multiple sclerosis pathogenesis: an overview. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2015; 73:1092-106. [PMID: 25383635 DOI: 10.1097/nen.0000000000000136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most diffuse chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system. Both immune-mediated and neurodegenerative processes apparently play roles in the pathogenesis of this disease. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are a family of highly evolutionarily conserved proteins; their expression in the nervous system is induced in a variety of pathologic states, including cerebral ischemia, neurodegenerative diseases, epilepsy, and trauma. To date, investigators have observed protective effects of HSPs in a variety of brain disease models (e.g. of Alzheimer disease and Parkinson disease). In contrast, unequivocal data have been obtained for their roles in MS that depend on the HSP family and particularly on their localization (i.e. intracellular or extracellular). This article reviews our current understanding of the involvement of the principal HSP families in MS.
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15
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Jabir NR, Firoz CK, Baeesa SS, Ashraf GM, Akhtar S, Kamal W, Kamal MA, Tabrez S. Synopsis on the linkage of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease with chronic diseases. CNS Neurosci Ther 2014; 21:1-7. [PMID: 25399848 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Revised: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegeneration is the progressive loss of neuronal structure and function, which ultimately leads to neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), multiple sclerosis, and Huntington's disease. Even after the recent significant advances in neurobiology, the above-mentioned disorders continue to haunt the global population. Several studies have suggested the role of specific environmental and genetic risk factors associated with these disorders. However, the exact mechanism associated with the progression of these disorders still needs to be elucidated. In the recent years, sophisticated research has revealed interesting association of prominent neurodegenerative disorders such as AD and PD with chronic diseases such as cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. Several common molecular mechanisms such as generation of free radicals, oxidative DNA damage, aberrations in mitochondrial DNA, and dysregulation of apoptosis have been highlighted as possible points of connection. The present review summarizes the possible mechanism of coexistence of AD and PD with other chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasimudeen R Jabir
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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16
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Zhao H, Garg G, Zhao J, Moroni E, Girgis A, Franco LS, Singh S, Colombo G, Blagg BSJ. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of biphenylamide derivatives as Hsp90 C-terminal inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 89:442-66. [PMID: 25462258 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Revised: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Modulation of Hsp90 C-terminal function represents a promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. Current drug discovery efforts toward Hsp90 C-terminal inhibition focus on novobiocin, an antibiotic that was transformed into an Hsp90 inhibitor. Based on structural information obtained during the development of novobiocin derivatives and molecular docking studies, scaffolds containing a biphenyl moiety in lieu of the coumarin ring present in novobiocin were identified as new Hsp90 C-terminal inhibitors. Structure-activity relationship studies produced new derivatives that inhibit the proliferation of breast cancer cell lines at nanomolar concentrations, which corresponded directly with Hsp90 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiping Zhao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive, Malott 4070, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045-7563, USA
| | - Gaurav Garg
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive, Malott 4070, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045-7563, USA
| | - Jinbo Zhao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive, Malott 4070, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045-7563, USA
| | - Elisabetta Moroni
- Istituto di chimica del riconoscimento molecolare, CNR, Via Mario Bianco 9, 20131 Milano, Italy
| | - Antwan Girgis
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive, Malott 4070, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045-7563, USA
| | - Lucas S Franco
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive, Malott 4070, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045-7563, USA
| | - Swapnil Singh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive, Malott 4070, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045-7563, USA
| | - Giorgio Colombo
- Istituto di chimica del riconoscimento molecolare, CNR, Via Mario Bianco 9, 20131 Milano, Italy
| | - Brian S J Blagg
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive, Malott 4070, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045-7563, USA.
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Hance MW, Nolan KD, Isaacs JS. The double-edged sword: conserved functions of extracellular hsp90 in wound healing and cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2014; 6:1065-97. [PMID: 24805867 PMCID: PMC4074817 DOI: 10.3390/cancers6021065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Revised: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (Hsps) represent a diverse group of chaperones that play a vital role in the protection of cells against numerous environmental stresses. Although our understanding of chaperone biology has deepened over the last decade, the “atypical” extracellular functions of Hsps have remained somewhat enigmatic and comparatively understudied. The heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) chaperone is a prototypic model for an Hsp family member exhibiting a duality of intracellular and extracellular functions. Intracellular Hsp90 is best known as a master regulator of protein folding. Cancers are particularly adept at exploiting this function of Hsp90, providing the impetus for the robust clinical development of small molecule Hsp90 inhibitors. However, in addition to its maintenance of protein homeostasis, Hsp90 has also been identified as an extracellular protein. Although early reports ascribed immunoregulatory functions to extracellular Hsp90 (eHsp90), recent studies have illuminated expanded functions for eHsp90 in wound healing and cancer. While the intended physiological role of eHsp90 remains enigmatic, its evolutionarily conserved functions in wound healing are easily co-opted during malignancy, a pathology sharing many properties of wounded tissue. This review will highlight the emerging functions of eHsp90 and shed light on its seemingly dichotomous roles as a benevolent facilitator of wound healing and as a sinister effector of tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W Hance
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology, Medical University of South Carolina, Hollings Cancer Center, Charleston, SC 29412, USA.
| | - Krystal D Nolan
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology, Medical University of South Carolina, Hollings Cancer Center, Charleston, SC 29412, USA.
| | - Jennifer S Isaacs
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology, Medical University of South Carolina, Hollings Cancer Center, Charleston, SC 29412, USA.
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Schax E, Walter JG, Märzhäuser H, Stahl F, Scheper T, Agard DA, Eichner S, Kirschning A, Zeilinger C. Microarray-based screening of heat shock protein inhibitors. J Biotechnol 2014; 180:1-9. [PMID: 24667540 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2014.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Revised: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Based on the importance of heat shock proteins (HSPs) in diseases such as cancer, Alzheimer's disease or malaria, inhibitors of these chaperons are needed. Today's state-of-the-art techniques to identify HSP inhibitors are performed in microplate format, requiring large amounts of proteins and potential inhibitors. In contrast, we have developed a miniaturized protein microarray-based assay to identify novel inhibitors, allowing analysis with 300 pmol of protein. The assay is based on competitive binding of fluorescence-labeled ATP and potential inhibitors to the ATP-binding site of HSP. Therefore, the developed microarray enables the parallel analysis of different ATP-binding proteins on a single microarray. We have demonstrated the possibility of multiplexing by immobilizing full-length human HSP90α and HtpG of Helicobacter pylori on microarrays. Fluorescence-labeled ATP was competed by novel geldanamycin/reblastatin derivatives with IC50 values in the range of 0.5 nM to 4 μM and Z(*)-factors between 0.60 and 0.96. Our results demonstrate the potential of a target-oriented multiplexed protein microarray to identify novel inhibitors for different members of the HSP90 family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Schax
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, Institut für Technische Chemie and Biomolekulares Wirkstoffzentrum (BMWZ), Callinstr. 5, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Johanna-Gabriela Walter
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, Institut für Technische Chemie and Biomolekulares Wirkstoffzentrum (BMWZ), Callinstr. 5, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Helene Märzhäuser
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, Institut für Technische Chemie and Biomolekulares Wirkstoffzentrum (BMWZ), Callinstr. 5, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Frank Stahl
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, Institut für Technische Chemie and Biomolekulares Wirkstoffzentrum (BMWZ), Callinstr. 5, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Scheper
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, Institut für Technische Chemie and Biomolekulares Wirkstoffzentrum (BMWZ), Callinstr. 5, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - David A Agard
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and the Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, 600 16th Street, San Francisco, CA 94158-2517, USA
| | - Simone Eichner
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, Institut für Organische Chemie and Biomolekulares Wirkstoffzentrum (BMWZ), Schneiderberg 1, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Andreas Kirschning
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, Institut für Organische Chemie and Biomolekulares Wirkstoffzentrum (BMWZ), Schneiderberg 1, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Carsten Zeilinger
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, Institut für Biophysik and Biomolekulares Wirkstoffzentrum (BMWZ), Herrenhäuserstr. 2, D-30167 Hannover, Germany.
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Paul S, Mahanta S. Association of heat-shock proteins in various neurodegenerative disorders: is it a master key to open the therapeutic door? Mol Cell Biochem 2013; 386:45-61. [PMID: 24096700 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-013-1844-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A number of acute and chronic neurodegenerative disorders are caused due to misfolding and aggregation of many intra- and extracellular proteins. Protein misfolding and aggregation processes in cells are strongly regulated by cellular molecular chaperones known as heat-shock proteins (Hsps) that include Hsp60, Hsp70, Hsp40, and Hsp90. Recent studies have shown the evidences that Hsps are colocalized in protein aggregates in Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Polyglutamine disease (PGD), Prion disease, and other neurodegenerative disorders. This fact indicates that Hsps might have attempted to prevent aggregate formation in cells and thus to suppress disease conditions. Experimental findings have already established in many cases that selective overexpression of Hsps like Hsp70 and Hsp40 prevented the disease progression in various animal models and cellular models. However, recently, various Hsp modulators like geldanamycin, 17-(dimethylaminoethylamino)-17-demethoxygeldanamycin, and celastrol have shown to up-regulate the expression level of Hsp70 and Hsp40, which in turn triggers the solubilization of diseased protein aggregates. Hsps are, therefore, if appropriately selected, an attractive choice for therapeutic targeting in various kinds of neurodegeneration and hence are expected to have strong potential as therapeutic agents in suppressing or curing AD, PD, PGD, and other devastative neurodegenerative disorders. In the present review, we report the experimental findings that describe the implication of Hsps in the development of neurodegeneration and explore the possibility of how Hsps can be used directly or as a target by other agents to prevent various neurodegeneration through preventing aggregation process and thus reducing the toxicity of the oligomers based on the previous reports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhankar Paul
- Structural Biology and Nanomedicine Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, 769008, Odisha, India,
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20
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Ozdemir AY, Rom I, Kovalevich J, Yen W, Adiga R, Dave RS, Langford D. PINCH in the cellular stress response to tau-hyperphosphorylation. PLoS One 2013; 8:e58232. [PMID: 23554879 PMCID: PMC3595241 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2012] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Particularly interesting new cysteine- histidine- rich protein (PINCH) is an adaptor protein that our data have shown is required for neurite extension under stressful conditions. Our previous studies also report that PINCH is recalled by neurons showing decreased levels of synaptodendritic signaling proteins such as MAP2 or synaptophysin in the brains of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients. The current study addressed potential role(s) for PINCH in neurodegenerative diseases. Mass spectrometry predicted the interaction of PINCH with Tau and with members of the heat shock response. Our in vitro data confirmed that PINCH binds to hyperphosphorylated (hp) Tau and to E3 ubiquitin ligase, carboxy-terminus of heat shock-70 interacting protein. Silencing PINCH prior to induction of hp-Tau resulted in more efficient clearance of accumulating hp-Tau, suggesting that PINCH may play a role in stabilizing hp-Tau. Accumulation of hp-Tau is implicated in more than 20 neuropathological diseases including Alzheimer's disease (AD), frontotemporal dementia (FTD), and human immunodeficiency virus encephalitis (HIVE). Analyses of brain tissues from HIVE, AD and FTD patients showed that PINCH is increased and binds to hp-Tau. These studies address a new mechanism by which AD and HIV may intersect and identify PINCH as a contributing factor to the accumulation of hyperphosphorylated Tau.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Yunus Ozdemir
- Temple University School of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Inna Rom
- Temple University School of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Jane Kovalevich
- Temple University School of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - William Yen
- Temple University School of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Radhika Adiga
- Temple University School of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Rajnish S. Dave
- Temple University School of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Dianne Langford
- Temple University School of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Carman A, Kishinevsky S, Koren J, Lou W, Chiosis G. Chaperone-dependent Neurodegeneration: A Molecular Perspective on Therapeutic Intervention. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 2013. [PMID: 25258700 PMCID: PMC4172285 DOI: 10.4172/2161-0460.s10-007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Maintenance of cellular homeostasis is regulated by the molecular chaperones. Under pathogenic conditions, aberrant proteins are triaged by the chaperone network. These aberrant proteins, known as "clients," have major roles in the pathogenesis of numerous neurological disorders, including tau in Alzheimer's disease, α-synuclein and LRRK2 in Parkinson's disease, SOD-1, TDP-43 and FUS in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and polyQ-expanded proteins such as huntingtin in Huntington's disease. Recent work has demonstrated that the use of chemical compounds which inhibit the activity of molecular chaperones subsequently alter the fate of aberrant clients. Inhibition of Hsp90 and Hsc70, two major molecular chaperones, has led to a greater understanding of how chaperone triage decisions are made and how perturbing the chaperone system can promote clearance of these pathogenic clients. Described here are major pathways and components of several prominent neurological disorders. Also discussed is how treatment with chaperone inhibitors, predominately Hsp90 inhibitors which are selective for a diseased state, can relieve the burden of aberrant client signaling in these neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Carman
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Centre, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sarah Kishinevsky
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Centre, New York, NY, USA
| | - John Koren
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Centre, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wenjie Lou
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gabriela Chiosis
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Centre, New York, NY, USA
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22
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Yu S, Zheng L, Li Y, Li C, Ma C, Li Y, Li X, Hao P. A cross-species analysis method to analyze animal models' similarity to human's disease state. BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2012; 6 Suppl 3:S18. [PMID: 23282076 PMCID: PMC3524072 DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-6-s3-s18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Animal models are indispensable tools in studying the cause of human diseases and searching for the treatments. The scientific value of an animal model depends on the accurate mimicry of human diseases. The primary goal of the current study was to develop a cross-species method by using the animal models' expression data to evaluate the similarity to human diseases' and assess drug molecules' efficiency in drug research. Therefore, we hoped to reveal that it is feasible and useful to compare gene expression profiles across species in the studies of pathology, toxicology, drug repositioning, and drug action mechanism. Results We developed a cross-species analysis method to analyze animal models' similarity to human diseases and effectiveness in drug research by utilizing the existing animal gene expression data in the public database, and mined some meaningful information to help drug research, such as potential drug candidates, possible drug repositioning, side effects and analysis in pharmacology. New animal models could be evaluated by our method before they are used in drug discovery. We applied the method to several cases of known animal model expression profiles and obtained some useful information to help drug research. We found that trichostatin A and some other HDACs could have very similar response across cell lines and species at gene expression level. Mouse hypoxia model could accurately mimic the human hypoxia, while mouse diabetes drug model might have some limitation. The transgenic mouse of Alzheimer was a useful model and we deeply analyzed the biological mechanisms of some drugs in this case. In addition, all the cases could provide some ideas for drug discovery and drug repositioning. Conclusions We developed a new cross-species gene expression module comparison method to use animal models' expression data to analyse the effectiveness of animal models in drug research. Moreover, through data integration, our method could be applied for drug research, such as potential drug candidates, possible drug repositioning, side effects and information about pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhao Yu
- Key Lab of Systems Biology/Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, PR China
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23
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Khodagholi F, Tusi SK, Alamdary SZ, Amini M, Ansari N. 3-Thiomethyl-5,6-(dimethoxyphenyl)-1,2,4-triazine improves neurite outgrowth and modulates MAPK phosphorylation and HSPs expression in H2O2-exposed PC12 cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2012; 26:907-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2012.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2011] [Revised: 12/19/2011] [Accepted: 04/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Shi J, Van de Water R, Hong K, Lamer RB, Weichert KW, Sandoval CM, Kasibhatla SR, Boehm MF, Chao J, Lundgren K, Timple N, Lough R, Ibanez G, Boykin C, Burrows FJ, Kehry MR, Yun TJ, Harning EK, Ambrose C, Thompson J, Bixler SA, Dunah A, Snodgrass-Belt P, Arndt J, Enyedy IJ, Li P, Hong VS, McKenzie A, Biamonte MA. EC144 Is a Potent Inhibitor of the Heat Shock Protein 90. J Med Chem 2012; 55:7786-95. [DOI: 10.1021/jm300810x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiandong Shi
- Biogen Idec, 5200 Research Place, San
Diego, California 92122, United States
| | - Ryan Van de Water
- Biogen Idec, 5200 Research Place, San
Diego, California 92122, United States
| | - Kevin Hong
- Biogen Idec, 5200 Research Place, San
Diego, California 92122, United States
| | - Ryan B. Lamer
- Biogen Idec, 5200 Research Place, San
Diego, California 92122, United States
| | - Kenneth W. Weichert
- Biogen Idec, 5200 Research Place, San
Diego, California 92122, United States
| | | | | | - Marcus F. Boehm
- Biogen Idec, 5200 Research Place, San
Diego, California 92122, United States
| | - Jianhua Chao
- Biogen Idec, 5200 Research Place, San
Diego, California 92122, United States
| | - Karen Lundgren
- Biogen Idec, 5200 Research Place, San
Diego, California 92122, United States
| | - Noelito Timple
- Biogen Idec, 5200 Research Place, San
Diego, California 92122, United States
| | - Rachel Lough
- Biogen Idec, 5200 Research Place, San
Diego, California 92122, United States
| | - Gerardo Ibanez
- Biogen Idec, 5200 Research Place, San
Diego, California 92122, United States
| | - Christina Boykin
- Biogen Idec, 5200 Research Place, San
Diego, California 92122, United States
| | - Francis J. Burrows
- Biogen Idec, 5200 Research Place, San
Diego, California 92122, United States
| | - Marilyn R. Kehry
- Biogen Idec, 5200 Research Place, San
Diego, California 92122, United States
| | - Theodore J. Yun
- Biogen Idec, 5200 Research Place, San
Diego, California 92122, United States
| | - Erin K. Harning
- Biogen Idec, 5200 Research Place, San
Diego, California 92122, United States
| | - Christine Ambrose
- Biogen Idec, 14 Cambridge
Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Jeffrey Thompson
- Biogen Idec, 14 Cambridge
Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Sarah A. Bixler
- Biogen Idec, 14 Cambridge
Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Anthone Dunah
- Biogen Idec, 14 Cambridge
Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | | | - Joseph Arndt
- Biogen Idec, 14 Cambridge
Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Istvan J. Enyedy
- Biogen Idec, 14 Cambridge
Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Ping Li
- Biogen Idec, 14 Cambridge
Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Victor S. Hong
- Biogen Idec, 14 Cambridge
Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Andres McKenzie
- Biogen Idec, 14 Cambridge
Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Marco A. Biamonte
- Biogen Idec, 5200 Research Place, San
Diego, California 92122, United States
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25
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Farmer KL, Li C, Dobrowsky RT. Diabetic peripheral neuropathy: should a chaperone accompany our therapeutic approach? Pharmacol Rev 2012; 64:880-900. [PMID: 22885705 DOI: 10.1124/pr.111.005314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a common complication of diabetes that is associated with axonal atrophy, demyelination, blunted regenerative potential, and loss of peripheral nerve fibers. The development and progression of DPN is due in large part to hyperglycemia but is also affected by insulin deficiency and dyslipidemia. Although numerous biochemical mechanisms contribute to DPN, increased oxidative/nitrosative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction seem intimately associated with nerve dysfunction and diminished regenerative capacity. Despite advances in understanding the etiology of DPN, few approved therapies exist for the pharmacological management of painful or insensate DPN. Therefore, identifying novel therapeutic strategies remains paramount. Because DPN does not develop with either temporal or biochemical uniformity, its therapeutic management may benefit from a multifaceted approach that inhibits pathogenic mechanisms, manages inflammation, and increases cytoprotective responses. Finally, exercise has long been recognized as a part of the therapeutic management of diabetes, and exercise can delay and/or prevent the development of painful DPN. This review presents an overview of existing therapies that target both causal and symptomatic features of DPN and discusses the role of up-regulating cytoprotective pathways via modulating molecular chaperones. Overall, it may be unrealistic to expect that a single pharmacologic entity will suffice to ameliorate the multiple symptoms of human DPN. Thus, combinatorial therapies that target causal mechanisms and enhance endogenous reparative capacity may enhance nerve function and improve regeneration in DPN if they converge to decrease oxidative stress, improve mitochondrial bioenergetics, and increase response to trophic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin L Farmer
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
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26
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Khodagholi F, Ansari N, Amini M, Tusi SK. Involvement of molecular chaperones and the transcription factor Nrf2 in neuroprotection mediated by para-substituted-4,5-diaryl-3-thiomethyl-1,2,4-triazines. Cell Stress Chaperones 2012; 17:409-22. [PMID: 22212523 PMCID: PMC3368030 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-011-0316-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2011] [Revised: 12/12/2011] [Accepted: 12/14/2011] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Much evidence supports that oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease. Herein, we studied the compensatory/adaptive mechanisms involved in 3-thiomethyl-5,6-(diphenyl)-1,2,4-triazine and 3-thiomethyl-5,6-(dichlorophenyl)-1,2,4-triazine neuroprotection. We found that these compounds could counteract H(2)O(2)-induced rupture of neurite outgrowth in differentiated PC12 cells. In addition, we found that pretreatment of cells with triazine derivatives could modulate the expression of heat shock proteins Hsp70, Hsp90, and Hsp32 in H(2)O(2)-treated PC12 cells. These compounds could also increase nuclear level of stress sensing transcription factor, NF-E2 related factor 2, which contributes to redox homeostasis and cell survival following stress. As a result, the elevated levels of glutamylcysteine synthetase, glutathione peroxidase-1, and glutathione, as well as superoxide dismutase and catalase, increased cellular antioxidant capacity. Studying the relation between structure and activity of these compounds will pave the way for exploiting preventive and/or therapeutic strategies for the management of oxidative stress-mediated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariba Khodagholi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Dunkel P, Chai CL, Sperlágh B, Huleatt PB, Mátyus P. Clinical utility of neuroprotective agents in neurodegenerative diseases: current status of drug development for Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and Huntington's diseases, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2012; 21:1267-308. [PMID: 22741814 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2012.703178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION According to the definition of the Committee to Identify Neuroprotective Agents in Parkinson's Disease (CINAPS), "neuroprotection would be any intervention that favourably influences the disease process or underlying pathogenesis to produce enduring benefits for patients" [Meissner W, et al. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2004;25:249-253]. Preferably, neuroprotective agents should be used before or eventually during the prodromal phase of the diseases that could start decades before the appearance of symptoms. Although several symptomatic drugs are available, a disease-modifying agent is still elusive. AREAS COVERED The aim of the present review is to give an overview of neuroprotective agents being currently investigated for the treatment of AD, PD, HD and ALS in clinical phases. EXPERT OPINION Development of effective neuroprotective therapies resulting in clinically meaningful results is hampered by several factors in all research stages, both conceptual and methodological. Novel solutions might be offered by evaluation of new targets throughout clinical studies, therapies emerging from drug repositioning approaches, multi-target approaches and network pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Dunkel
- Semmelweis University, Department of Organic Chemistry, Budapest, Hungary
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Urban JD, Budinsky RA, Craig Rowlands J. An Evaluation of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in the Human Heat Shock Protein 90 kDa Alpha and Beta Isoforms. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2012; 27:268-78. [DOI: 10.2133/dmpk.dmpk-11-sc-114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abstract
Hsp90 is a highly abundant and ubiquitous molecular chaperone which plays an essential role in many cellular processes including cell cycle control, cell survival, hormone and other signalling pathways. It is important for the cell's response to stress and is a key player in maintaining cellular homeostasis. In the last ten years, it has become a major therapeutic target for cancer, and there has also been increasing interest in it as a therapeutic target in neurodegenerative disorders, and in the development of anti-virals and anti-protozoan infections. The focus of this review is the structural and mechanistic studies which have been performed in order to understand how this important chaperone acts on a wide variety of different proteins (its client proteins) and cellular processes. As with many of the other classes of molecular chaperone, Hsp90 has a critical ATPase activity, and ATP binding and hydrolysis known to modulate the conformational dynamics of the protein. It also uses a host of cochaperones which not only regulate the ATPase activity and conformational dynamics but which also mediate interactions with Hsp90 client proteins. The system is also regulated by post-translational modifications including phosphorylation and acetylation. This review discusses all these aspects of Hsp90 structure and function.
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30
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Cyclic lipopeptide antibiotics bind to the N-terminal domain of the prokaryotic Hsp90 to inhibit the chaperone activity. Biochem J 2011; 435:237-46. [DOI: 10.1042/bj20100743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Chemical arrays were employed to screen ligands for HtpG, the prokaryotic homologue of Hsp (heat-shock protein) 90. We found that colistins and the closely related polymyxin B interact physically with HtpG. They bind to the N-terminal domain of HtpG specifically without affecting its ATPase activity. The interaction caused inhibition of chaperone function of HtpG that suppresses thermal aggregation of substrate proteins. Further studies were performed with one of these cyclic lipopeptide antibiotics, colistin sulfate salt. It inhibited the chaperone function of the N-terminal domain of HtpG. However, it inhibited neither the chaperone function of the middle domain of HtpG nor that of other molecular chaperones such as DnaK, the prokaryotic homologue of Hsp70, and small Hsp. The addition of colistin sulfate salt increased surface hydrophobicity of the N-terminal domain of HtpG and induced oligomerization of HtpG and its N-terminal domain. These structural changes are discussed in relation to the inhibition of the chaperone function.
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31
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Taldone T, Zatorska D, Patel PD, Zong H, Rodina A, Ahn JH, Moulick K, Guzman ML, Chiosis G. Design, synthesis, and evaluation of small molecule Hsp90 probes. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:2603-14. [PMID: 21459002 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2010] [Revised: 02/26/2011] [Accepted: 03/06/2011] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A number of compounds from different chemical classes are known to bind competitively to the ATP-pocket of Hsp90 and inhibit its chaperone function. The natural product geldanamycin was the first reported inhibitor of Hsp90 and since then synthetic inhibitors from purine, isoxazole and indazol-4-one chemical classes have been discovered and are currently or soon to be in clinical trials for the treatment of cancer. In spite of a similar binding mode to Hsp90, distinct biological profiles were demonstrated among these molecules, both in vitro and in vivo. To better understand the molecular basis for these dissimilarities, we report here the synthesis of chemical tools for three Hsp90 inhibitor classes. These agents will be useful for probing tumor-by-tumor the Hsp90 complexes isolated by specific inhibitors. Such information will lead to better understanding of tumor specific molecular markers to aid in their clinical development. It will also help to elucidate the molecular basis for the biological differences observed among Hsp90 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Taldone
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, United States
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Joodi G, Ansari N, Khodagholi F. Chitooligosaccharide-mediated neuroprotection is associated with modulation of Hsps expression and reduction of MAPK phosphorylation. Int J Biol Macromol 2011; 48:726-35. [PMID: 21356235 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2011.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2010] [Revised: 02/14/2011] [Accepted: 02/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
There is mounting evidence implicating the role of oxidative stress induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS) in neurodegenerative disease, including Alzheimer's disease. In this study we aimed to investigate the possible protective effect of chitooligosaccharide (COS), an antioxidant oligosaccharide, on hydrogen peroxide induced apoptosis in NGF-differentitated rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells. COS treatment reversed the decrease of cell viability induced by H(2)O(2) and this was associated with diminished intracellular ROS and decreased level of cytosolic Ca(2+). Additionally, COS contributed to up-regulation of Bcl-2, down regulation of Bax protein and reduction of cleaved Caspase-3 protein. COS treatment stabilized Nrf2 in nucleus and increased the Hsp70 level within cell while down-regulated Hsp90 expression. Moreover, COS could inhibit the phosphorylation of different mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs), whose aberrant phosphorylation has been implicated in AD. Our findings suggest that heat shock response and MAPK cascades are both involved in cell survival, and by concomitantly regulating both pathways, COS can be a promising agent in treating neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Golsa Joodi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Garcia J, Barluenga S, Beebe K, Neckers L, Winssinger N. Concise modular asymmetric synthesis of deguelin, tephrosin and investigation into their mode of action. Chemistry 2010; 16:9767-71. [PMID: 20572190 PMCID: PMC7556733 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201001080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- José Garcia
- Institut de Science et Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS-UMR 7006), Université de Strasbourg-CNRS, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67000 Strasbourg, France
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Inhibiting heat-shock protein 90 reverses sensory hypoalgesia in diabetic mice. ASN Neuro 2010; 2:e00040. [PMID: 20711301 PMCID: PMC2919983 DOI: 10.1042/an20100015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2010] [Revised: 07/08/2010] [Accepted: 07/14/2010] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing the expression of Hsp70 (heat-shock protein 70) can inhibit sensory neuron degeneration after axotomy. Since the onset of DPN (diabetic peripheral neuropathy) is associated with the gradual decline of sensory neuron function, we evaluated whether increasing Hsp70 was sufficient to improve several indices of neuronal function. Hsp90 is the master regulator of the heat-shock response and its inhibition can up-regulate Hsp70. KU-32 (N-{7-[(2R,3R,4S,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-methoxy-6,6-dimethyl-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yloxy]-8-methyl-2-oxo-2H-chromen-3-yl}acetamide) was developed as a novel, novobiocin-based, C-terminal inhibitor of Hsp90 whose ability to increase Hsp70 expression is linked to the presence of an acetamide substitution of the prenylated benzamide moiety of novobiocin. KU-32 protected against glucose-induced death of embryonic DRG (dorsal root ganglia) neurons cultured for 3 days in vitro. Similarly, KU-32 significantly decreased neuregulin 1-induced degeneration of myelinated Schwann cell DRG neuron co-cultures prepared from WT (wild-type) mice. This protection was lost if the co-cultures were prepared from Hsp70.1 and Hsp70.3 KO (knockout) mice. KU-32 is readily bioavailable and was administered once a week for 6 weeks at a dose of 20 mg/kg to WT and Hsp70 KO mice that had been rendered diabetic with streptozotocin for 12 weeks. After 12 weeks of diabetes, both WT and Hsp70 KO mice developed deficits in NCV (nerve conduction velocity) and a sensory hypoalgesia. Although KU-32 did not improve glucose levels, HbA1c (glycated haemoglobin) or insulin levels, it reversed the NCV and sensory deficits in WT but not Hsp70 KO mice. These studies provide the first evidence that targeting molecular chaperones reverses the sensory hypoalgesia associated with DPN.
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Key Words
- AM, acetoxymethyl ester
- DAPI, 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole
- DMEM, Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium
- DPN, diabetic peripheral neuropathy
- DRG, dorsal root ganglion
- Drp1, dynamin-related protein 1
- FBG, fasting blood glucose
- FCS, fetal calf serum
- HSF1, heat-shock factor 1
- HSR, heat-shock response
- Hsc70, heat-shock cognate 70 stress protein
- Hsp90, heat-shock protein 90
- JNK, c-Jun N-terminal kinase
- KO, knockout
- KU-32, N-{7-[(2R,3R,4S,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-methoxy-6,6-dimethyl-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yloxy]-8-methyl-2-oxo-2H-chromen-3-yl}acetamide
- LC-MS, liquid chromatography MS
- MBP, myelin basic protein
- MNCV, motor NCV
- NCV, nerve conduction velocity
- NGF, nerve growth factor
- NRG1, human recombinant neuregulin-1-β1 epidermal growth factor domain
- SC-DRG, Schwann cell DRG
- SNCV, sensory NCV
- STZ, streptozotocin
- WT, wild-type
- diabetic neuropathy
- dorsal root ganglia neuron
- heat-shock protein 70
- molecular chaperone
- nerve conduction velocity
- neurodegeneration
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DAMPening inflammation by modulating TLR signalling. Mediators Inflamm 2010; 2010. [PMID: 20706656 PMCID: PMC2913853 DOI: 10.1155/2010/672395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 660] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2009] [Accepted: 04/20/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) include endogenous intracellular molecules released by activated or necrotic cells and extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules that are upregulated upon injury or degraded following tissue damage. DAMPs are vital danger signals that alert our immune system to tissue damage upon both infectious and sterile insult. DAMP activation of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) induces inflammatory gene expression to mediate tissue repair. However, DAMPs have also been implicated in diseases where excessive inflammation plays a key role in pathogenesis, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), cancer, and atherosclerosis. TLR activation by DAMPs may initiate positive feedback loops where increasing tissue damage perpetuates pro-inflammatory responses leading to chronic inflammation. Here we explore the current knowledge about distinct signalling cascades resulting from self TLR activation. We also discuss the involvement of endogenous TLR activators in disease and highlight how specifically targeting DAMPs may yield therapies that do not globally suppress the immune system.
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Assay strategies for the discovery and validation of therapeutics targeting Brugia pahangi Hsp90. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2010; 4:e714. [PMID: 20559560 PMCID: PMC2886105 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0000714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2010] [Accepted: 04/26/2010] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The chemotherapy of lymphatic filariasis relies upon drugs such as diethylcarbamazine and ivermectin that largely target the microfilarial stages of the parasite, necessitating continued treatment over the long reproductive life span of the adult worm. The identification of compounds that target adult worms has been a long-term goal of WHO. Here we describe a fluorescence polarization assay for the identification of compounds that target Hsp90 in adult filarial worms. The assay was originally developed to identify inhibitors of Hsp90 in tumor cells, and relies upon the ability of small molecules to inhibit the binding of fluorescently labelled geldanamycin to Hsp90. We demonstrate that the assay works well with soluble extracts of Brugia, while extracts of the free-living nematode C. elegans fail to bind the probe, in agreement with data from other experiments. The assay was validated using known inhibitors of Hsp90 that compete with geldanamycin for binding to Hsp90, including members of the synthetic purine-scaffold series of compounds. The efficacy of some of these compounds against adult worms was confirmed in vitro. Moreover, the assay is sufficiently sensitive to differentiate between binding of purine-scaffold compounds to human and Brugia Hsp90. The assay is suitable for high-throughput screening and provides the first example of a format with the potential to identify novel inhibitors of Hsp90 in filarial worms and in other parasitic species where Hsp90 may be a target.
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Transcriptomic responses in mouse brain exposed to chronic excess of the neurotransmitter glutamate. BMC Genomics 2010; 11:360. [PMID: 20529287 PMCID: PMC2896956 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-11-360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2010] [Accepted: 06/07/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Increases during aging in extracellular levels of glutamate (Glu), the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain, may be linked to chronic neurodegenerative diseases. Little is known about the molecular responses of neurons to chronic, moderate increases in Glu levels. Genome-wide gene expression in brain hippocampus was examined in a unique transgenic (Tg) mouse model that exhibits moderate Glu hyperactivity throughout the lifespan, the neuronal Glutamate dehydrogenase (Glud1) mouse, and littermate 9 month-old wild type mice. Results Integrated bioinformatic analyses on transcriptomic data were used to identify bio-functions, pathways and gene networks underlying neuronal responses to increased Glu synaptic release. Bio-functions and pathways up-regulated in Tg mice were those associated with oxidative stress, cell injury, inflammation, nervous system development, neuronal growth, and synaptic transmission. Increased gene expression in these functions and pathways indicated apparent compensatory responses offering protection against stress, promoting growth of neuronal processes (neurites) and re-establishment of synapses. The transcription of a key gene in the neurite growth network, the kinase Ptk2b, was significantly up-regulated in Tg mice as was the activated (phosphorylated) form of the protein. In addition to genes related to neurite growth and synaptic development, those associated with neuronal vesicle trafficking in the Huntington's disease signalling pathway, were also up-regulated. Conclusions This is the first study attempting to define neuronal gene expression patterns in response to chronic, endogenous Glu hyperactivity at brain synapses. The patterns observed were characterized by a combination of responses to stress and stimulation of nerve growth, intracellular transport and recovery.
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Luo W, Sun W, Taldone T, Rodina A, Chiosis G. Heat shock protein 90 in neurodegenerative diseases. Mol Neurodegener 2010; 5:24. [PMID: 20525284 PMCID: PMC2896944 DOI: 10.1186/1750-1326-5-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2010] [Accepted: 06/03/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Hsp90 is a molecular chaperone with important roles in regulating pathogenic transformation. In addition to its well-characterized functions in malignancy, recent evidence from several laboratories suggests a role for Hsp90 in maintaining the functional stability of neuronal proteins of aberrant capacity, whether mutated or over-activated, allowing and sustaining the accumulation of toxic aggregates. In addition, Hsp90 regulates the activity of the transcription factor heat shock factor-1 (HSF-1), the master regulator of the heat shock response, mechanism that cells use for protection when exposed to conditions of stress. These biological functions therefore propose Hsp90 inhibition as a dual therapeutic modality in neurodegenerative diseases. First, by suppressing aberrant neuronal activity, Hsp90 inhibitors may ameliorate protein aggregation and its associated toxicity. Second, by activation of HSF-1 and the subsequent induction of heat shock proteins, such as Hsp70, Hsp90 inhibitors may redirect neuronal aggregate formation, and protect against protein toxicity. This mini-review will summarize our current knowledge on Hsp90 in neurodegeneration and will focus on the potential beneficial application of Hsp90 inhibitors in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Luo
- Department of Medicine and Program in Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA.
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Barluenga S, Fontaine JG, Wang C, Aouadi K, Chen R, Beebe K, Neckers L, Winssinger N. Inhibition of HSP90 with pochoximes: SAR and structure-based insights. Chembiochem 2010; 10:2753-9. [PMID: 19856365 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200900494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The pochoximes, based on the radicicol pharmacophore, are potent inhibitors of heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) that retain their activity in vivo. Herein we report an extended library that broadly explores the structure-activity relationship (SAR) of the pochoximes with four points of diversity. Several modifications were identified that afford improved cellular efficacy, new opportunities for conjugation, and further diversifications. Cocrystal structures of pochoximes A and B with HSP90 show that pochoximes bind to a different conformation of HSP90 than radicicol and provide a rationale for the enhanced affinity of the pochoximes relative to radicicol and the pochonins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Barluenga
- Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoleculaires, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS (UMR7006), 8 Allée Gaspard Monge, 67000 Strasbourg, France
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Wang C, Barluenga S, Koripelly GK, Fontaine JG, Chen R, Yu JC, Shen X, Chabala JC, Heck JV, Rubenstein A, Winssinger N. Synthesis of pochoxime prodrugs as potent HSP90 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:3836-40. [PMID: 19410458 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2009] [Revised: 04/01/2009] [Accepted: 04/03/2009] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Pochoximes are potent inhibitors of heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) based on the radicicol pharmacophores. Herein we present a pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics evaluation of this compound series as well as a phosphate prodrug strategy to facilitate formulation and improve oral bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuihua Wang
- Institute de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoleculaires, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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