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Konstantinidis N, Franke H, Schwarz S, Lachenmeier DW. Risk Assessment of Trigonelline in Coffee and Coffee By-Products. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083460. [PMID: 37110693 PMCID: PMC10146819 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Trigonelline is a bioactive pyridine alkaloid that occurs naturally in high concentrations in coffee (up to 7.2 g/kg) and coffee by-products (up to 62.6 g/kg) such as coffee leaves, flowers, cherry husks or pulp, parchment, silver skin, and spent grounds. In the past, coffee by-products were mostly considered waste and discarded. In recent years, however, the use of coffee by-products as food has attracted interest because of their economic and nutritional value and the environmental benefits of sustainable resource use. Their authorization as so-called novel foods in the European Union may lead to increased oral exposure of the general population to trigonelline. Therefore, the aim of this review was to assess the risk to human health of acute and chronic exposure to trigonelline from coffee and coffee by-products. An electronic literature search was performed. Current toxicological knowledge is limited, with few human data available and a lack of epidemiological and clinical studies. There was no evidence of adverse effects after acute exposure. No conclusion can be drawn on chronic exposure to isolated trigonelline due to the lack of data. However, trigonelline ingested as a component of coffee and coffee by-products appears to be safe for human health, based on the safe traditional use of these products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick Konstantinidis
- Postgraduate Study Program "Toxicology and Environmental Protection", Rudolf-Boehm-Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universität Leipzig, Härtelstraße 16-18, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
- Chemisches und Veterinäruntersuchungsamt (CVUA) Karlsruhe, Weissenburger Strasse 3, 76187 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Heike Franke
- Postgraduate Study Program "Toxicology and Environmental Protection", Rudolf-Boehm-Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universität Leipzig, Härtelstraße 16-18, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Steffen Schwarz
- Coffee Consulate, Hans-Thoma-Strasse 20, 68163 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Dirk W Lachenmeier
- Chemisches und Veterinäruntersuchungsamt (CVUA) Karlsruhe, Weissenburger Strasse 3, 76187 Karlsruhe, Germany
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2
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Fan W, Zhang Y, Li Y, Zhang W, Huang D. Solvent-Free Strategy for Direct Access to Versatile Quaternary Ammonium Salts with Complete Atom Economy. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202200529. [PMID: 35466550 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202200529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A solvent-free method for the synthesis of quaternary ammonium salts (QAS) by iodoquaternization of alkenes with N-heteroarenes was reported. Its advantages lie in energy-saving and clean production by using iodine as the oxidant and manual grinding the starting materials, together with the complete atom economy and low process mass intensity (PMI) value. Demonstrated by 50 examples, the generated QAS was proved to be able to produce valuable chemicals, such as biological protease inhibitors, anti-cancer agents, and organic fluorescent materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weibin Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
| | - Yinghua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
| | - Deguang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
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Kamel HL, Hanora A, Solyman SM. Metataxanomic, bioactivity and microbiome analysis of Red Sea marine sponges from Egypt. Mar Genomics 2021; 61:100920. [PMID: 34973527 DOI: 10.1016/j.margen.2021.100920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Red Sea marine sponges (phylum Porifera) and associated microorganisms harbor a wide range of microorganisms, which are considered an essential source of bioactive products. In this study, we screened both the crude extracts of Red Sea marine sponges and their associated bacterial extract for antimicrobial activity and antiviral activity. Molecular characterization of bioactive producers was performed using16S rRNA sequencing, in addition to metagenomic analysis of three representative sponges utilizing the 16S rRNA gene V3-V4 region sequencing in two different seasons. Twelve samples were collected from five different sponge species by scuba diving, and all the crude extracts of sponges showed antimicrobial activity except Negombata corticata. Moreover, 84 out of 110 bacterial isolates extracts demonstrated antimicrobial activity against at least one tested microorganism. These results revealed the bioactivity and biodiversity of the Red Sea marine invertebrates-associated bacteria. It was found that the bioactive isolates belong to several bacterial groups. The bacterial communities of Negombata magnifica, Negombata corticata, and Siphonochalina siphonella were shown with great diversity and differences in the bacterial percentage, diversity, and unique community composition at different seasons in each sponge species. Unique microenvironment for each sponge species may be linked to the production of specific bioactive product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasnaa L Kamel
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, College of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt; Department of Microbiology & Immunology, College of Pharmacy, Sinai University, Ismailia, Egypt.
| | - Amro Hanora
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, College of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.
| | - Samar M Solyman
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, College of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt; Department of Microbiology & Immunology, College of Pharmacy, Sinai University, Ismailia, Egypt.
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4
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Lin SX, Curtis MA, Sperry J. Pyridine alkaloids with activity in the central nervous system. Bioorg Med Chem 2020; 28:115820. [PMID: 33120080 PMCID: PMC7561606 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
This review discusses all pyridine alkaloids with CNS activity, their therapeutic potential, and the interesting array of sources whence they originate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon X Lin
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Maurice A Curtis
- Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jonathan Sperry
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
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Kodirov SA. Tale of tail current. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 150:78-97. [PMID: 31238048 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2019.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The largest biomass of channel proteins is located in unicellular organisms and bacteria that have no organs. However, orchestrated bidirectional ionic currents across the cell membrane via the channels are important for the functioning of organs of organisms, and equally concern both fauna or flora. Several ion channels are activated in the course of action potentials. One of the hallmarks of voltage-dependent channels is a 'tail current' - deactivation as observed after prior and sufficient activation predominantly at more depolarized potentials e.g. for Kv while upon hyperpolarization for HCN α subunits. Tail current also reflects the timing of channel closure that is initiated upon termination of stimuli. Finally, deactivation of currents during repolarization could be a selective estimate for given channel as in case of HERG, if dedicated long and more depolarized 'tail pulse' is used. Since from a holding potential of e.g. -70 mV are often a family of outward K+ currents comprising IA and IK are simultaneously activated in native cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sodikdjon A Kodirov
- Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, Russia; Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Almazov Federal Heart, Blood and Endocrinology Centre, Saint Petersburg, 197341, Russia; Institute of Experimental Medicine, I. P. Pavlov Department of Physiology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Saint Petersburg, Russia; Laboratory of Emotions' Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, 02-093, Poland.
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6
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El Samak M, Solyman SM, Hanora A. Antimicrobial activity of bacteria isolated from Red Sea marine invertebrates. BIOTECHNOLOGY REPORTS (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2018; 19:e00275. [PMID: 30197871 PMCID: PMC6127373 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2018.e00275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Marine invertebrates-associated microorganisms were considered to be important sources of marine bioactive products. This study aims to isolate marine invertebrates associated bacteria with antimicrobial activity from the Red Sea and test their biosynthetic potential through the detection of PKS and NRPS gene clusters involved with the production of bioactive secondary metabolites. In this respect, fifty bacterial strains were isolated from eight different Red Sea marine invertebrates and screened for their antimicrobial activity against standard pathogenic bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633) and yeast (Candida albicans ATCC 10231) using the standard well diffusion assay. Five isolates showed antifungal activity against Candida albicans with no activity recorded against other pathogenic bacterial strains. On the other hand when these isolates were screened for the presence of biosynthetic gene clusters (PKS and NRPS) by PCR using five sets of degenerative primers, 60% of the isolates were shown to contain at least one type of PKS and NRPS gene clusters, which indicates the biosynthetic potential of these isolates even if the isolates didn't express any biological activity in vitro. Moreover the 16S rRNA molecular identification of the isolates reveal the biodiversity of the red sea marine invertebrates associated bacteria as they were found to belong to several bacterial groups present in Alphaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Firmicutes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Amro Hanora
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, College of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
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7
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Helal HS, Hanora A, Khattab RA, Hamouda H, Zedan H. Mining of Egypt's Red Sea invertebrates for potential bioactive producers. Biotechnol Lett 2018; 40:1519-1530. [PMID: 30120645 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-018-2600-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this work was to isolate bacteria from Red Sea invertebrates, determine their antimicrobial activity, and screen for the biosynthetic gene clusters [polyketides (PKs) and nonribosomal peptides (NRPs)] which could be involved in the production of bioactive secondary metabolites. RESULT Eleven different samples of marine invertebrates' were collected from Egypt's Red Sea (El-Tor-Sharm El-Sheikh and Hurghada) by scuba diving, and a total 80 isolates of the associated microorganisms were obtained from the cultivation on six different cultural medium. Seven isolates of them showed an antimicrobial activity against five pathogenic reference strains, while the most active antimicrobial agent was isolate number HFF-8 which was 99% identical to Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. HFF-8's extract showed positive results against Gram negative bacteria, Gram positive bacteria and yeast. Moreover, the isolates gave positive bands when screened for the presence of PK synthase (PKS) I and II and NRP synthetase (NRPS) I and II biosynthetic genes, those biosynthetic fragments when cloned and sequenced were primitively predicted as biosynthetic fragments for kirromycin and leinamycin production by NaPDoS program with 56 and 55%, respectively. CONCLUSION The Red Sea can provide a sustainable solution to combat bacterial resistance. The contribution of this work is that B. amyloliquefaciens was isolated from Heteroxenia fuscescens, Red Sea, Egypt. Moreover, the bacterial extract showed a broad spectrum with a potent antimicrobial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hala S Helal
- Microbiology and Public Health Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University for Sustainable Development, Cairo, Egypt.,National Organization for Drug Control and Research, Giza, Egypt
| | - Amro Hanora
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.
| | - Rania Abdelmonem Khattab
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr Al-Aini, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Hayam Hamouda
- National Organization for Drug Control and Research, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hamdallah Zedan
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr Al-Aini, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
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8
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Antibacterial activity from soft corals of the Red Sea, Saudi Arabia. JOURNAL OF TAIBAH UNIVERSITY FOR SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtusci.2016.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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9
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Sowmiah S, Esperança JMSS, Rebelo LPN, Afonso CAM. Pyridinium salts: from synthesis to reactivity and applications. Org Chem Front 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7qo00836h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This review highlights the pyridinium salts in terms of their natural occurrence, synthesis, reactivity, biological properties, and diverse applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subbiah Sowmiah
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier
- Universidade Nova de Lisboa
- 2780-157 Oeiras
- Portugal
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa)
| | - José M. S. S. Esperança
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier
- Universidade Nova de Lisboa
- 2780-157 Oeiras
- Portugal
- LAQV-REQUIMTE
| | - Luís P. N. Rebelo
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier
- Universidade Nova de Lisboa
- 2780-157 Oeiras
- Portugal
- LAQV-REQUIMTE
| | - Carlos A. M. Afonso
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa)
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Universidade de Lisboa
- 1649-009 Lisboa
- Portugal
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10
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Mohamadi N, Sharififar F, Pournamdari M, Ansari M. A Review on Biosynthesis, Analytical Techniques, and Pharmacological Activities of Trigonelline as a Plant Alkaloid. J Diet Suppl 2017; 15:207-222. [DOI: 10.1080/19390211.2017.1329244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Neda Mohamadi
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Fariba Sharififar
- Herbal and Traditional Medicines Research Center, Department of Pharmacognosy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mostafa Pournamdari
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mehdi Ansari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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11
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Gentile E, Liuzzi GM. Marine pharmacology: therapeutic targeting of matrix metalloproteinases in neuroinflammation. Drug Discov Today 2016; 22:299-313. [PMID: 27697495 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2016.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Alterations in matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) expression and activity are recognized as key pathogenetic events in several neurological disorders. This evidence makes MMPs possible therapeutic targets. The search for substances that can inhibit MMPs is moving progressively toward the screening of natural products. In particular, marine bioprospecting could be promising for the discovery of marine natural products with anti-MMP activities. Despite recent advances in this field, the possibility of using marine MMP inhibitors (MMPIs) for the treatment of neuroinflammation is still under-investigated. Here, we review the latest findings in this promising research field and the potential that marine MMPIs can have in the management and treatment of various neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Gentile
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Grazia M Liuzzi
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy.
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12
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Sowmiah S, Veiros LF, Esperança JMSS, Rebelo LP, Afonso CAM. Organocatalyzed One-Step Synthesis of Functionalized N-Alkyl-Pyridinium Salts from Biomass Derived 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural. Org Lett 2015; 17:5244-7. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b02573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Subbiah Sowmiah
- Instituto
de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
- iMed. UL, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1640-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Luís F. Veiros
- Centro
de Química Estrutural, Complexo I, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - José M. S. S. Esperança
- Instituto
de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Luís P.N. Rebelo
- Instituto
de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Carlos A. M. Afonso
- iMed. UL, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1640-003 Lisboa, Portugal
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13
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Luo CZ, Jayakumar J, Gandeepan P, Wu YC, Cheng CH. Rhodium(III)-Catalyzed Vinylic C–H Activation: A Direct Route toward Pyridinium Salts. Org Lett 2015; 17:924-7. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Zong Luo
- Department
of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | | | | | - Yun-Ching Wu
- Department
of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hong Cheng
- Department
of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
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14
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Eltahawy NA, Ibrahim AK, Radwan MM, ElSohly MA, Hassanean HA, Ahmed SA. Cytotoxic cembranoids from the Red Sea soft coral, Sarcophyton auritum. Tetrahedron Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2014.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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15
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Sun JZ, Jiang CS, Chen XQ, Chen KS, Zhen XC, van Soest RW, Guo YW. Topsendines A–F, new 3-alkylpyridine alkaloids from a Hainan sponge Topsentia sp. Tetrahedron 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2014.03.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Sareen R, Jain N, Rajkumari A, Dhar KL. pH triggered delivery of curcumin from Eudragit-coated chitosan microspheres for inflammatory bowel disease: characterization and pharmacodynamic evaluation. Drug Deliv 2014; 23:55-62. [PMID: 24758141 DOI: 10.3109/10717544.2014.903534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This investigation deals with the development and evaluation (in vitro and in vivo) of pH triggered Eudragit-coated chitosan microspheres of curcumin (CUR) for treating ulcerative colitis. METHODS CUR-loaded chitosan microspheres were initially prepared by emulsion cross linking method followed by coating with Eudragit S-100. The pharmacodynamics of the developed formulation was analyzed in mice by acetic acid induced colitis model. RESULTS The developed microspheres were of uniform spherical shape with high entrapment efficiency. CUR-chitosan microspheres showed less intense peaks compared to free CUR confirming inclusion of drug within microspheres as revealed by X-ray diffractogram. Uncoated CUR-chitosan microspheres exhibited burst release within initial 4 h while microspheres coated with Eudragit S-100 prevented premature release of CUR and showed controlled release up to 12 h following Higuchi model. In vivo organ biodistribution study showed negligible amount of CUR in stomach and small intestine confirming integrity of microsphere in upper gastrointestinal tract (GIT). In vivo study revealed significant reduction in severity and extent of colonic damage with CUR-loaded microspheres as compared to pure CUR which was further confirmed by histopathological study. CONCLUSION In vitro and in vivo studies proved the developed formulations as a promising system for pH-dependent delivery of drug to colon in ulcerative colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Sareen
- a Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shoolini University , Solan , Himachal Pradesh , India and
| | - Nitin Jain
- a Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shoolini University , Solan , Himachal Pradesh , India and
| | - Ananya Rajkumari
- b Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Dibrugarh University , Dibrugarh , Assam , India
| | - K L Dhar
- a Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shoolini University , Solan , Himachal Pradesh , India and
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ElAhwany AMD, Ghozlan HA, ElSharif HA, Sabry SA. Phylogenetic diversity and antimicrobial activity of marine bacteria associated with the soft coral Sarcophyton glaucum. J Basic Microbiol 2013; 55:2-10. [PMID: 23996153 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201300195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 07/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Coral reefs are the most biodiverse and biologically productive of all marine ecosystems. Corals harbor diverse and abundant prokaryotic groups. However, little is known about the diversity of coral-associated microorganisms. We used molecular techniques to identify and compare the culturable bacterial assemblages associated with the soft coral Sarcophyton glaucum from the Red sea. Different media were utilized for microbial isolation, and the phylogeny of the culturable bacteria associated with the coral was analyzed based on 16S rDNA sequencing. The coral associated bacteria were found to be representatives within the Gammaproteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Firmicutes. Antimicrobial activities of twenty bacterial isolates were tested against four pathogenic bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Vibrio fluvialis) and three fungi (Penicillium sp., Aspergillus niger, Candida albicans). A relatively high proportion of bacterial strains displayed distinct antibacterial and antifungal activities, suggesting that soft coral-associated microorganisms may aid their host in protection against marine pathogens. Members of genera Bacillus and Pseudomonas had the highest proportion of antimicrobial activity which supported the hypothesis that they might play a protective role in the coral hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amani M D ElAhwany
- Faculty of Science, Department of Botany and Microbiology, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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18
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Zhou JY, Zhou SW. Protection of trigonelline on experimental diabetic peripheral neuropathy. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2012; 2012:164219. [PMID: 23304193 PMCID: PMC3526196 DOI: 10.1155/2012/164219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2012] [Accepted: 11/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms leading to diabetic peripheral neuropathy are complex and there is no effective drug to treat it. As an active component of several traditional Chinese medicines, trigonelline has beneficial effects on diabetes with hyperlipidemia. The protective effects and the mechanism of trigonelline on diabetic peripheral neuropathy were evaluated in streptozotocin- and high-carbohydrate/high-fat diet-induced diabetic rats. Rats were divided into four groups at the end of week 2: control, diabetes, diabetes + trigonelline (40 mg/kg), and diabetes + sitagliptin (4 mg/kg). After 48-week treatment, technologies of nerve conduction, cold and hot immersion test, transmission electron microscopy, real-time PCR, and Western blotting were applied. Serum glucose, serum insulin, insulin sensitivity index, lipid parameters, body weight, sciatic nerve conduction velocity, nociception, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor mRNA and protein, total and phosphorylated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases protein expression, malonaldehyde content, and superoxide dismutase activity were altered in diabetic rats, and were near control levels treated with trigonelline. Slight micropathological changes existed in sciatic nerve of trigonelline-treated diabetic rats. These findings suggest that trigonelline has beneficial effects for diabetic peripheral neuropathy through glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor/p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases signaling pathway, nerve conduction velocity, antioxidant enzyme activity, improving micropathological changes of sciatic nerve and decreasing lipid peroxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Yin Zhou
- Base for Drug Clinical Trial, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Shi-Wen Zhou
- Base for Drug Clinical Trial, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
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Actions of ethanolamine on cultured sensory neurones from neonatal rats. Neurosci Lett 2010; 468:326-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2009.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2009] [Revised: 11/05/2009] [Accepted: 11/06/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Mayer AMS, Rodríguez AD, Berlinck RGS, Hamann MT. Marine pharmacology in 2005-6: Marine compounds with anthelmintic, antibacterial, anticoagulant, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antimalarial, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis, and antiviral activities; affecting the cardiovascular, immune and nervous systems, and other miscellaneous mechanisms of action. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2009; 1790:283-308. [PMID: 19303911 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2009.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2008] [Revised: 03/09/2009] [Accepted: 03/12/2009] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The review presents the 2005-2006 peer-reviewed marine pharmacology literature, and follows a similar format to the authors' 1998-2004 reviews. The preclinical pharmacology of chemically characterized marine compounds isolated from marine animals, algae, fungi and bacteria is systematically presented. RESULTS Anthelmintic, antibacterial, anticoagulant, antifungal, antimalarial, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis and antiviral activities were reported for 78 marine chemicals. Additionally 47 marine compounds were reported to affect the cardiovascular, immune and nervous system as well as possess anti-inflammatory effects. Finally, 58 marine compounds were shown to bind to a variety of molecular targets, and thus could potentially contribute to several pharmacological classes. CONCLUSIONS Marine pharmacology research during 2005-2006 was truly global in nature, involving investigators from 32 countries, and the United States, and contributed 183 marine chemical leads to the research pipeline aimed at the discovery of novel therapeutic agents. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Continued preclinical and clinical research with marine natural products demonstrating a broad spectrum of pharmacological activity will probably result in novel therapeutic agents for the treatment of multiple disease categories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro M S Mayer
- Department of Pharmacology, Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA.
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Modulation of sensory neuron potassium conductances by anandamide indicates roles for metabolites. Br J Pharmacol 2008; 154:480-92. [PMID: 18376419 DOI: 10.1038/bjp.2008.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The endogenous cannabinoid anandamide (AEA) acts at cannabinoid (CB(1)) and vanilloid (TRPV(1)) receptors. AEA also shows antinociceptive properties; although the underlying mechanism for this is not fully understood, both CB(1) and TRPV(1) may be involved. Voltage-activated Ca(2+) channels in rat-cultured dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons are modulated by AEA. However, AEA in different populations of neurons enhanced or attenuated KCl-evoked Ca(2+) influx; these effects were linked with soma size. The aim of this study was to determine how AEA or its metabolites might produce these variable responses. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The whole cell patch-clamp technique and fura-2 Ca(2+) imaging were used to characterize the actions of AEA on action potential firing and voltage-activated K(+) currents and to determine whether AEA metabolism plays any role in its effects on cultured DRG neurons. KEY RESULTS AEA attenuated multiple action potential firing evoked by 300 ms depolarizing current commands in a subpopulation of DRG neurons. Application of 1 microM AEA attenuated voltage-activated K(+) currents and the recovery of KCl-evoked Ca(2+) transients. The insensitivity of these responses to the CB(1) receptor antagonist rimonabant (100 nM) and preincubation of DRG neurons with pertussis toxin suggested that these actions are not CB(1) receptor-mediated. Preincubating DRG neurons with the fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) inhibitor phenylmethylsulphonyl fluoride (PMSF) attenuated the inhibitory actions of AEA on K(+) currents and Ca(2+) influx. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS These data suggest that the products of AEA metabolism by FAAH contribute to the attenuation of K(+) conductances and altered excitability of cultured sensory neurons.
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