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Cui J, Qiu M, Liu Y, Liu Y, Tang Y, Teng X, Li S. Nano-selenium protects grass carp hepatocytes against 4-tert-butylphenol-induced mitochondrial apoptosis and necroptosis via suppressing ROS-PARP1 axis. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 135:108682. [PMID: 36924910 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
4-tert-butylphenol (4-tBP) is a monomer widely used in the synthesis of industrial chemicals, and posed a high risk to aquatic animals. Our study focused on toxic phenotype and mechanism of detoxification in grass carp hepatocytes (L8824) after 4-tBP-treatment. In this experiment, L8824 displayed hallmark phenotypes of apoptosis and necroptosis after 4-tBP exposure, as evidenced by changes in cell morphology, increased rates of apoptosis and necrosis, the loss of MMP, the accumulation of ROS, and changes in associated factors (PARP1, JNK, Bid, Bcl-2, Bax, AIFM1, CytC, Caspase 9, APAF1, Caspase 3, TNF-α, TNFR1, RIPK1, RIPK3, and MLKL). Furthermore, we found that 4-tBP-induced apoptosis and necroptosis were reversed by pretreating with N-Acetylcysteine (a ROS scavenger) and 3-Aminobenzamide (a PARP1 inhibitor), indicating that 4-tBP induced the onset of mitochondrial apoptosis and necroptosis in L8824 via activating ROS-PARP1 axis. Nano-selenium (Nano-Se) is a novel form of Se with a noteworthy antioxidant capacity. Here, Nano-Se was found to have preventive, therapeutic, and resistance effects on 4-tBP-induced L8824 apoptosis and necroptosis. Nano-Se co-treatment with 4-tBP was an optimal way to alleviate 4-tBP-induced apoptosis and necroptosis. We demonstrated for the first time that Nano-Se protected L8824 against 4-tBP-induced mitochondrial apoptosis and necroptosis through ROS-PARP1 pathway. This study will provide a new theoretical basis for 4-tBP toxicology researches and aquatic animal protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Cui
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Minna Qiu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhang Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhao Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - You Tang
- Digital Agriculture Key Discipline of Jilin Province, JiLin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin, 132101, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohua Teng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shu Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China.
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2
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El Khoury R, Ramirez SP, Loyola CD, Joddar B. Demonstration of doxorubicin's cardiotoxicity and screening using a 3D bioprinted spheroidal droplet-based system. RSC Adv 2023; 13:8338-8351. [PMID: 36922946 PMCID: PMC10010162 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra00421j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is a highly effective anthracycline chemotherapy agent effective in treating a broad range of life-threatening malignancies but it causes cardiotoxicity in many subjects. While the mechanism of its cardiotoxic effects remains elusive, DOX-related cardiotoxicity can lead to heart failure in patients. In this study, we investigated the effects of DOX-induced cardiotoxicity on human cardiomyocytes (CMs) using a three-dimensional (3D) bioprinted cardiac spheroidal droplet based-system in comparison with the traditional two-dimensional cell (2D) culture model. The effects of DOX were alleviated with the addition of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and Tiron. Caspase-3 activity was quantified, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was measured using dihydroethidium (DHE) staining. Application of varying concentrations of DOX (0.4 μM-1 μM) to CMs revealed a dose-specific response, with 1 μM concentration imposing maximum cytotoxicity and 0.22 ± 0.11% of viable cells in 3D samples versus 1.02 ± 0.28% viable cells in 2D cultures, after 5 days of culture. Moreover, a flow cytometric analysis study was conducted to study CMs proliferation in the presence of DOX and antioxidants. Our data support the use of a 3D bioprinted cardiac spheroidal droplet as a robust and high-throughput screening model for drug toxicity. In the future, this 3D spheroidal droplet model can be adopted as a human-derived tissue-engineered equivalent to address challenges in other various aspects of biomedical pre-clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raven El Khoury
- Inspired Materials & Stem-Cell Based Tissue Engineering Laboratory (IMSTEL), The University of Texas at El Paso El Paso TX 79968 USA
- Department of Metallurgical, Materials, and Biomedical Engineering, M201 Engineering, The University of Texas at El Paso 500 W. University Avenue El Paso TX 79968 USA
| | - Salma P Ramirez
- Inspired Materials & Stem-Cell Based Tissue Engineering Laboratory (IMSTEL), The University of Texas at El Paso El Paso TX 79968 USA
- Department of Metallurgical, Materials, and Biomedical Engineering, M201 Engineering, The University of Texas at El Paso 500 W. University Avenue El Paso TX 79968 USA
| | - Carla D Loyola
- Inspired Materials & Stem-Cell Based Tissue Engineering Laboratory (IMSTEL), The University of Texas at El Paso El Paso TX 79968 USA
- Department of Metallurgical, Materials, and Biomedical Engineering, M201 Engineering, The University of Texas at El Paso 500 W. University Avenue El Paso TX 79968 USA
| | - Binata Joddar
- Inspired Materials & Stem-Cell Based Tissue Engineering Laboratory (IMSTEL), The University of Texas at El Paso El Paso TX 79968 USA
- Department of Metallurgical, Materials, and Biomedical Engineering, M201 Engineering, The University of Texas at El Paso 500 W. University Avenue El Paso TX 79968 USA
- Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso 500 W. University Avenue El Paso TX 79968 USA
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3
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Atlas D. Emerging therapeutic opportunities of novel thiol-amides, NAC-amide (AD4/NACA) and thioredoxin mimetics (TXM-Peptides) for neurodegenerative-related disorders. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 176:120-141. [PMID: 34481041 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.08.239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Understanding neurodegenerative diseases have challenged scientists for decades. It has become apparent that a decrease in life span is often correlated with the development of neurodegenerative disorders. Oxidative stress and the subsequent inflammatory damages appear to contribute to the different molecular and biochemical mechanisms associated with neurodegeneration. In this review, I examine the protective properties of novel amino acid based compounds, comprising the AD series (AD1-AD7) in particular N-acetylcysteine amide, AD4, also called NACA, and the series of thioredoxin mimetic (TXM) peptides, TXM-CB3-TXM-CB16. Designed to cross the blood-brain-barrier (BBB) and permeate the cell membrane, these antioxidant/anti-inflammatory compounds may enable effective treatment of neurodegenerative related disorders. The review addresses the molecular mechanism of cellular protection exhibited by these new reagents, focusing on the reversal of oxidative stress, mitochondrial stress, inflammatory damages, and prevention of premature cell death. In addition, it will cover the outlook of the clinical prospects of AD4/NACA and the thioredoxin-mimetic peptides, which are currently in development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daphne Atlas
- Professor of Neurochemistry, Dept. of Biological Chemistry, Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel.
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4
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Sarkar H, Toms M, Moosajee M. Involvement of Oxidative and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in RDH12-Related Retinopathies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168863. [PMID: 34445569 PMCID: PMC8396253 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinol dehydrogenase 12 (RDH12) is expressed in photoreceptor inner segments and catalyses the reduction of all-trans retinal (atRAL) to all-trans retinol (atROL), as part of the visual cycle. Mutations in RDH12 are primarily associated with autosomal recessive Leber congenital amaurosis. To further our understanding of the disease mechanisms, HEK-293 cell lines expressing wildtype (WT) and mutant RDH12 were created. The WT cells afforded protection from atRAL-induced toxicity and oxidative stress. Mutant RDH12 cells displayed reduced protein expression and activity, with an inability to protect cells from atRAL toxicity, inducing oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, with upregulation of sXBP1, CHOP, and ATF4. Pregabalin, a retinal scavenger, attenuated atRAL-induced ER stress in the mutant RDH12 cell lines. A zebrafish rdh12 mutant model (rdh12u533 c.17_23del; p.(Val6AlafsTer5)) was generated through CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing. Mutant fish showed disrupted phagocytosis through transmission electron microscopy, with increased phagosome size at 12 months post-fertilisation. Rhodopsin mislocalisation and reduced expression of atg12 and sod2 indicated early signs of a rod-predominant degeneration. A lack of functional RDH12 results in ER and oxidative stress representing key pathways to be targeted for potential therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajrah Sarkar
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, UK; (H.S.); (M.T.)
- The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Maria Toms
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, UK; (H.S.); (M.T.)
- The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Mariya Moosajee
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, UK; (H.S.); (M.T.)
- The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London EC1V 2PD, UK
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London WC1N 3JH, UK
- Correspondence:
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Varghese SS, Eekhoudt CR, Jassal DS. Mechanisms of anthracycline-mediated cardiotoxicity and preventative strategies in women with breast cancer. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 476:3099-3109. [PMID: 33835331 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04152-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
While anthracyclines (ACs) are a class of chemotherapeutic agents that have improved the prognosis of many women with breast cancer, it is one of the most cardiotoxic agents used to treat cancer. Despite their reported dose-dependent cardiotoxicity, AC-based chemotherapy has become the mainstay of breast cancer therapy due to its efficacy. Elucidating the mechanisms of anthracycline-mediated cardiotoxicity and associated therapeutic interventions continue to be the main focus in the field of cardio-oncology. Herein, we summarized the current literature surrounding the mechanisms of anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity, including the role of topoisomerase II inhibition, generation of reactive oxygen species, and elevations in free radicals. Furthermore, this review highlights the molecular mechanisms of potential cardioprotective interventions in this setting. The benefits of pharmaceuticals, including dexrazoxane, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, beta-blockers, statins, and antioxidants in this setting, are reviewed. Finally, the mechanisms of emerging preventative interventions within this patient population including nutraceuticals and aerobic exercise are explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonu S Varghese
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Cameron R Eekhoudt
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Davinder S Jassal
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. .,Section of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. .,Department of Radiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
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6
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Hu P, Zhang Y, Wang D, Qi G, Jin Y. Glutathione Content Detection of Single Cells under Ingested Doxorubicin by Functionalized Glass Nanopores. Anal Chem 2021; 93:4240-4245. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c05004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Dandan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Guohua Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yongdong Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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An In Vitro Study on the Combination Effect of Metformin and N-Acetyl Cysteine against Hyperglycaemia-Induced Cardiac Damage. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11122850. [PMID: 31766382 PMCID: PMC6950330 DOI: 10.3390/nu11122850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic hyperglycaemia is a major risk factor for diabetes-induced cardiovascular dysfunction. In a hyperglycaemic state, excess production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), coupled with decreased levels of glutathione, contribute to increased lipid peroxidation and subsequent myocardial apoptosis. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is a thiol-containing antioxidant known to protect against hyperglycaemic-induced oxidative stress by promoting the production of glutathione. While the role of NAC against oxidative stress-related cardiac dysfunction has been documented, to date data is lacking on its beneficial effect when used with glucose lowering therapies, such as metformin (MET). Thus, the aim of the study was to better understand the cardioprotective effect of NAC plus MET against hyperglycaemia-induced cardiac damage in an H9c2 cardiomyoblast model. H9c2 cardiomyoblasts were exposed to chronic high glucose concentrations for 24 h. Thereafter, cells were treated with MET, NAC or a combination of MET and NAC for an additional 24 h. The combination treatment mitigated high glucose-induced oxidative stress by improving metabolic activity i.e. ATP activity, glucose uptake (GU) and reducing lipid accumulation. The combination treatment was as effective as MET in diminishing oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation and apoptosis. We observed that the combination treatment prevented hyperglycaemic-induced cardiac damage by increasing GLUT4 expression and mitigating lipid accumulation via phosphorylation of both AMPK and AKT, while decreasing nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kB), as well as protein kinase C (PKC), a known activator of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), via phosphorylation at Ser307. On this basis, the current results support the notion that the combination of NAC and MET can shield the diabetic heart against impaired glucose utilization and therefore its long-term protective effect warrants further investigation.
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8
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Serio RN, Lu C, Gross SS, Gudas LJ. Different Effects of Knockouts in ALDH2 and ACSS2 on Embryonic Stem Cell Differentiation. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2019; 43:1859-1871. [PMID: 31283017 PMCID: PMC6722009 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ethanol (EtOH) is a teratogen that causes severe birth defects, but the mechanisms by which EtOH affects stem cell differentiation are unclear. Our goal here is to examine the effects of EtOH and its metabolites, acetaldehyde (AcH) and acetate, on embryonic stem cell (ESC) differentiation. METHODS We designed ESC lines in which aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH2, NCBI#11669) and acyl-CoA synthetase short-chain family member 2 (ACSS2, NCBI#60525) were knocked out by CRISPR-Cas9 technology. We selected these genes because of their key roles in EtOH oxidation in order to dissect the effects of EtOH metabolism on differentiation. RESULTS By using kinetic assays, we confirmed that AcH is primarily oxidized by ALDH2 rather than ALDH1A2. We found increases in mRNAs of differentiation-associated genes (Hoxa1, Cyp26a1, and RARβ2) upon EtOH treatment of WT and Acss2-/- ESCs, but not Aldh2-/- ESCs. The absence of ALDH2 reduced mRNAs of some pluripotency factors (Nanog, Sox2, and Klf4). Treatment of WT ESCs with AcH or 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), another substrate of ALDH2, increased differentiation-associated transcripts compared to levels in untreated cells. mRNAs of genes involved in retinoic acid (RA) synthesis (Stra6 and Rdh10) were also increased by EtOH, AcH, and 4-HNE treatment. Retinoic acid receptor-γ (RARγ) is required for both EtOH- and AcH-mediated increases in Hoxa1 and Stra6, demonstrating the critical role of RA:RARγ signaling in AcH-induced ESC differentiation. CONCLUSIONS ACSS2 knockouts showed no changes in differentiation phenotype, while pluripotency-related transcripts were decreased in ALDH2 knockout ESCs. We demonstrate that AcH increases differentiation-associated mRNAs in ESCs via RARγ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan N Serio
- Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences of Cornell University, New York, NY
| | - Changyuan Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Steven S Gross
- Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences of Cornell University, New York, NY
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Lorraine J Gudas
- Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences of Cornell University, New York, NY
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
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9
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Hu Y, Guo Z, Lu J, Wang P, Sun S, Zhang Y, Li J, Zheng Q, Guo K, Wang J, Jiang J, Liu P. sFRP1 has a biphasic effect on doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in a cellular location-dependent manner in NRCMs and Rats. Arch Toxicol 2018; 93:533-546. [PMID: 30377735 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-018-2342-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (Dox) is an effective anticancer drug, however, its clinical application is restricted by the life-threatening cardiotoxic effects. Secreted Frizzled-related protein 1 (sFRP1) has been reported to participate in both the cancer and cardiovascular diseases and was one of the differential expression genes in normal hearts compared with Dox-treated hearts. Thus, it is important to reveal the potential role of sFRP1 in Dox-induced cardiotoxicity. Here, we show that sFRP1 has a biphasic effect on Dox-induced cardiotoxicity in a location-dependent manner. The secretion of sFRP1 was significantly increased in Dox-treated neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs) (1 µM) and SD rats (5 mg/kg/injection at day 1, 5, and 9, i.p.). Adding the anti-sFRP1 antibody (0.5 µg/ml) and inhibiting sFRP1 secretion by caffeine (5 mM) both relieved Dox-induced cardiotoxicity through activating Wnt/β-catenin signaling, whereas increasing the secretion of sFRP1 by heparin (100 µg/ml) had the opposite effect. The intracellular level of sFRP1 was significantly decreased after Dox treatment both in vitro and in vivo. Knockdown of sFRP1 by sgRNA aggravated Dox-induced cardiotoxicity, while moderate overexpression of sFRP1 by Ad-sFRP1 exhibited protective effect. Besides, poly(ADP-ribosyl) polymerase-1 (PARP1) was screened as an interacting partner of sFRP1 in NRCMs by mass spectrometry. Our results suggested that the intracellular sFRP1 protected NRCMs from Dox-induced cardiotoxicity by interacting with PARP1. Thus, our results provide a novel evidence that sFRP1 has a biphasic effect on Dox-induced cardiotoxicity. In addition, the oversecretion of sFRP1 might be used as a biomarker to indicate the occurrence of cardiotoxicity induced by Dox treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuehuai Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 132 East Waihuan Road, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 132 East Waihuan Road, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Lu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 132 East Waihuan Road, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Panxia Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 132 East Waihuan Road, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuya Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiqiang Zhang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Center for Cardiovascular Biology, Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Jingyan Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 132 East Waihuan Road, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiyao Zheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 132 East Waihuan Road, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaiteng Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 132 East Waihuan Road, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Junjian Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 132 East Waihuan Road, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianmin Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 132 East Waihuan Road, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Peiqing Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 132 East Waihuan Road, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China.
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10
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Handy DE, Loscalzo J. Responses to reductive stress in the cardiovascular system. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 109:114-124. [PMID: 27940350 PMCID: PMC5462861 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
There is a growing appreciation that reductive stress represents a disturbance in the redox state that is harmful to biological systems. On a cellular level, the presence of increased reducing equivalents and the lack of beneficial fluxes of reactive oxygen species can prevent growth factor-mediated signaling, promote mitochondrial dysfunction, increase apoptosis, and decrease cell survival. In this review, we highlight the importance of redox balance in maintaining cardiovascular homeostasis and consider the tenuous balance between oxidative and reductive stress. We explain the role of reductive stress in models of protein aggregation-induced cardiomyopathies, such as those caused by mutations in αB-crystallin. In addition, we discuss the role of NADPH oxidases in models of heart failure and ischemia-reperfusion to illustrate how oxidants may mediate the adaptive responses to injury. NADPH oxidase 4, a hydrogen peroxide generator, also has a major role in promoting vascular homeostasis through its regulation of vascular tone, angiogenic responses, and effects on atherogenesis. In contrast, the lack of antioxidant enzymes that reduce hydrogen peroxide, such as glutathione peroxidase 1, promotes vascular remodeling and is deleterious to endothelial function. Thus, we consider the role of oxidants as necessary signals to promote adaptive responses, such as the activation of Nrf2 and eNOS, and the stabilization of Hif1. In addition, we discuss the adaptive metabolic reprogramming in hypoxia that lead to a reductive state, and the subsequent cellular redistribution of reducing equivalents from NADH to other metabolites. Finally, we discuss the paradoxical ability of excess reducing equivalents to stimulate oxidative stress and promote injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane E Handy
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, USA
| | - Joseph Loscalzo
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, USA.
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11
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A. P, Varghese MV, S. A, P. SR, Mathew AK, Nair A, Nair RH, K.G. R. Polyphenol rich ethanolic extract from Boerhavia diffusa L. mitigates angiotensin II induced cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis in rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 87:427-436. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.12.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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12
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Zhang Y, Wang Y, Ma Z, Liang Q, Tang X, Tan H, Xiao C, Gao Y. Ginsenoside Rb1 Inhibits Doxorubicin-Triggered H9C2 Cell Apoptosis via Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2017; 25:202-212. [PMID: 27829271 PMCID: PMC5340546 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2016.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is a highly effective chemotherapeutic agent; however, the dose-dependent cardiotoxicity associated with DOX significantly limits its clinical application. In the present study, we investigated whether Rb1 could prevent DOX-induced apoptosis in H9C2 cells via aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). H9C2 cells were treated with various concentrations (− μM) of Rb1. AhR, CYP1A protein and mRNA expression were quantified with Western blot and real-time PCR analyses. We also evaluated the expression levels of caspase-3 to assess the anti-apoptotic effects of Rb1. Our results showed that Rb1 attenuated DOX-induced cardiomyocytes injury and apoptosis and reduced caspase-3 and caspase-8, but not caspase-9 activity in DOX-treated H9C2 cells. Meanwhile, pre-treatment with Rb1 decreased the expression of caspase-3 and PARP in the protein levels, with no effects on cytochrome c, Bax, and Bcl-2 in DOX-stimulated cells. Rb1 markedly decreased the CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 expression induced by DOX. Furthermore, transfection with AhR siRNA or pre-treatment with AhR antagonist CH-223191 significantly inhibited the ability of Rb1 to decrease the induction of CYP1A, as well as caspase-3 protein levels following stimulation with DOX. In conclusion, these findings indicate that AhR plays an important role in the protection of Ginsenoside Rb1 against DOX-triggered apoptosis of H9C2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Yuguang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Zengchun Ma
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Qiande Liang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Xianglin Tang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Hongling Tan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Chengrong Xiao
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Yue Gao
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
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The Cardioprotective Role of N-Acetyl Cysteine Amide in the Prevention of Doxorubicin and Trastuzumab–Mediated Cardiac Dysfunction. Can J Cardiol 2016; 32:1513-1519. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Abstract
Doxorubicin is the highly effective anthracycline, but its clinical use is limited by cardiotoxicity and consequent dysfunction. It has been proposed that the etiology of this is related to mitochondrial dysfunction. Connexin 43 (Cx43), the principal protein building block of cardiac gap junctions and hemichannels, plays an important role in cardioprotection. Recent reports confirmed the presence of Cx43 in the mitochondria as well. In this study, the role of mitochondrial Cx43 was evaluated 3 or 6 h after Doxorubicin administration to the rat heart cell line H9c2. Pharmacological inhibition of Hsp90 demonstrated that the mitochondrial Cx43 conferred cardioprotection by reducing cytosolic and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production, mitochondrial calcium overload and mitochondrial membrane depolarization and cytochrome c release. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that Cx43 plays an important role in the protection of cardiac cells from Doxorubicin-induced toxicity.
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15
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Khayyat A, Tobwala S, Hart M, Ercal N. N-acetylcysteine amide, a promising antidote for acetaminophen toxicity. Toxicol Lett 2015; 241:133-42. [PMID: 26602168 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Acetaminophen (N-acetyl-p-aminophenol, APAP) is one of the most widely used over the counter antipyretic and analgesic medications. It is safe at therapeutic doses, but its overdose can result in severe hepatotoxicity, a leading cause of drug-induced acute liver failure in the USA. Depletion of glutathione (GSH) is one of the initiating steps in APAP-induced hepatotoxicity; therefore, one strategy for restricting organ damage is to restore GSH levels by using GSH prodrugs. N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a GSH precursor, is the only currently approved antidote for an acetaminophen overdose. Unfortunately, fairly high doses and longer treatment times are required due to its poor bioavailability. In addition, oral and I.V. administration of NAC in a hospital setting are laborious and costly. Therefore, we studied the protective effects of N-acetylcysteine amide (NACA), a novel antioxidant with higher bioavailability, and compared it with NAC in APAP-induced hepatotoxicity in C57BL/6 mice. Our results showed that NACA is better than NAC at a low dose (106mg/kg) in preventing oxidative stress and protecting against APAP-induced damage. NACA significantly increased GSH levels and the GSH/GSSG ratio in the liver to 66.5% and 60.5% of the control, respectively; and it reduced the level of ALT by 30%. However, at the dose used, NAC was not effective in combating the oxidative stress induced by APAP. Thus, NACA appears to be better than NAC in reducing the oxidative stress induced by APAP. It would be of great value in the health care field to develop drugs like NACA as more effective and safer options for the prevention and therapeutic intervention in APAP-induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahdab Khayyat
- Chemistry Department, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409, USA
| | - Shakila Tobwala
- Chemistry Department, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409, USA
| | - Marcia Hart
- Comparative Medicine Program, Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Nuran Ercal
- Chemistry Department, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409, USA.
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16
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Bhagat J, Lobo R, Kumar N, Mathew JE, Pai A. Cytotoxic potential of Anisochilus carnosus (L.f.) wall and estimation of luteolin content by HPLC. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 14:421. [PMID: 25348394 PMCID: PMC4226858 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anisochilus carnosus (L.f.) wall (Lamiaceae), an annual herb which grows at high altitude is used extensively in folk medicine for the treatment of ailments such as gastric ulcer and skin diseases. The aim of our study was to evaluate the anticancer activity of different extracts of the leaves of A.carnosus. An attempt was also made to estimate the luteolin content in different extracts of Anisochilus carnosus by HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography). METHODS In the current study, we explored the cytotoxic potential of petroleum ether, ethanolic and aqueous extracts of A.carnosus against breast adenocarcinoma cell line (BT-549), by in vitro MTT and SRB assay. We also detected the luteolin content in different extracts (ethanolic and aqueous) of A.carnosus by using HPLC as a tool of analysis. RESULTS The results demonstrate that petroleum ether and ethanolic extract of A.carnosus showed potent cytotoxic effect against BT-549 with an IC50 of 22.5 μg/ml (petroleum ether extract) and 87.24 μg/ml (ethanolic extract), by SRB assay, and 18.35 μg/ml (petroleum ether extract) and 58.64 μg/ml (ethanolic extract), by MTT assay. The aqueous extracts showed less cytotoxic effect with an IC50 of 211.26 μg/ml (by SRB assay) and 238.91 μg/ml (by MTT assay). HPLC results of luteolin content in various extracts using luteolin as the marker compound indicated the ethanol extract to contain the highest concentration of luteolin (0.372% w/w). The aqueous extract contained lower concentration of luteolin (0.282% w/w). CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate that petroleum ether and ethanolic extract of A.carnosus shows promising anticancer activity and has the potential to be developed into a therapeutic option for the treatment of cancer.
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17
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Lee SK, Mortensen LJ, Lin CP, Tung CH. An authentic imaging probe to track cell fate from beginning to end. Nat Commun 2014; 5:5216. [PMID: 25323442 PMCID: PMC4852472 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate tracing of cell viability is critical for optimizing delivery methods and evaluating the efficacy and safety of cell therapeutics. A nanoparticle-based cell tracker is developed to image cell fate from live to dead. The particle is fabricated from two types of optically quenched polyelectrolytes, a life indicator and a death indicator, through electrostatic interactions. On incubation with cells, the fabricated bifunctional nanoprobes are taken up efficiently and the first colour is produced by normal intracellular proteolysis, reflecting the healthy status of the cells. Depending on the number of coated layers, the signal can persist for several replication cycles. However, as the cells begin dying, the second colour appears quickly to reflect the new cell status. Using this chameleon-like cell tracker, live cells can be distinguished from apoptotic and necrotic cells instantly and definitively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Koo Lee
- Molecular Imaging Innovations Institute, Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, 413 East 69th Street, Box 290, New York, New York 10021, USA
| | - Luke J Mortensen
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Charles P Lin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Ching-Hsuan Tung
- Molecular Imaging Innovations Institute, Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, 413 East 69th Street, Box 290, New York, New York 10021, USA
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18
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Tobwala S, Khayyat A, Fan W, Ercal N. Comparative evaluation of N-acetylcysteine and N-acetylcysteineamide in acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in human hepatoma HepaRG cells. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2014; 240:261-72. [PMID: 25245075 DOI: 10.1177/1535370214549520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Acetaminophen (N-acetyl-p-aminophenol, APAP) is one of the most widely used over-the-counter antipyretic analgesic medications. Despite being safe at therapeutic doses, an accidental or intentional overdose can result in severe hepatotoxicity; a leading cause of drug-induced liver failure in the U.S. Depletion of glutathione (GSH) is implicated as an initiating event in APAP-induced toxicity. N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a GSH precursor, is the only currently approved antidote for an APAP overdose. Unfortunately, fairly high doses and longer treatment times are required due to its poor bioavailability. In addition, oral and intravenous administration of NAC in a hospital setting are laborious and costly. Therefore, we studied the protective effects of N-acetylcysteineamide (NACA), a novel antioxidant, with higher bioavailability and compared it with NAC in APAP-induced hepatotoxicity in a human-relevant in vitro system, HepaRG. Our results indicated that exposure of HepaRG cells to APAP resulted in GSH depletion, reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, increased lipid peroxidation, mitochondrial dysfunction (assessed by JC-1 fluorescence), and lactate dehydrogenase release. Both NAC and NACA protected against APAP-induced hepatotoxicity by restoring GSH levels, scavenging ROS, inhibiting lipid peroxidation, and preserving mitochondrial membrane potential. However, NACA was better than NAC at combating oxidative stress and protecting against APAP-induced damage. The higher efficiency of NACA in protecting cells against APAP-induced toxicity suggests that NACA can be developed into a promising therapeutic option for treatment of an APAP overdose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shakila Tobwala
- Department of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409, USA
| | - Ahdab Khayyat
- Department of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409, USA
| | - Weili Fan
- Department of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409, USA
| | - Nuran Ercal
- Department of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409, USA
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19
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Xie J, Potter A, Xie W, Lynch C, Seefeldt T. Evaluation of a dithiocarbamate derivative as a model of thiol oxidative stress in H9c2 rat cardiomyocytes. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 70:214-22. [PMID: 24607690 PMCID: PMC4011664 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Revised: 02/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Thiol redox state (TRS) refers to the balance between reduced thiols and their corresponding disulfides and is mainly reflected by the ratio of reduced and oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG). A decrease in GSH/GSSG, which reflects a state of thiol oxidative stress, as well as thiol modifications such as S-glutathionylation, has been shown to have important implications in a variety of cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, research models for inducing thiol oxidative stress are important tools for studying the pathophysiology of these disease states as well as examining the impact of pharmacological interventions on thiol pathways. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of a dithiocarbamate derivative, 2-acetylamino-3-[4-(2-acetylamino-2-carboxyethylsulfanylthiocarbonylamino)phenylthiocarbamoylsulfanyl]propionic acid (2-AAPA), as a pharmacological model of thiol oxidative stress by examining the extent of thiol modifications induced in H9c2 rat cardiomyocytes and its impact on cellular functions. The extent of thiol oxidative stress produced by 2-AAPA was also compared to other models of oxidative stress including hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), diamide, buthionine sulfoximine, and N,N׳-bis(2-chloroethyl)-N-nitroso-urea. Results indicated that 2-AAPA effectively inhibited glutathione reductase and thioredoxin reductase activities and decreased the GSH/GSSG ratio by causing a significant accumulation of GSSG. 2-AAPA also increased the formation of protein disulfides as well as S-glutathionylation. The alteration in TRS led to a loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, release of cytochrome c, and increase in reactive oxygen species production. Compared to other models, 2-AAPA is more potent at creating a state of thiol oxidative stress with lower cytotoxicity, higher specificity, and more pharmacological relevance, and could be utilized as a research tool to study TRS-related normal and abnormal biochemical processes in cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiashu Xie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
| | - Ashley Potter
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
| | - Wei Xie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
| | - Christophina Lynch
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
| | - Teresa Seefeldt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA.
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20
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Park S, Yoon J, Bae S, Park M, Kang C, Ke Q, Lee D, Kang PM. Therapeutic use of H2O2-responsive anti-oxidant polymer nanoparticles for doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy. Biomaterials 2014; 35:5944-53. [PMID: 24767791 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.03.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is a commonly used anti-neoplastic agent but its clinical use is limited due to serious hepatic and cardiac side effects. DOX-induced toxicity is mainly associated with overproduction of reactive species oxygen (ROS) such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). We have recently developed H2O2-responsive anti-oxidant polymer, polyoxalate containing vanillyl alcohol (PVAX), which is designed to rapidly scavenge H2O2 and release vanillyl alcohol with anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties. In this study, we report that PVAX nanoparticles are novel therapeutic agents for treating DOX-induced cardiac and hepatic toxicity. Intraperitoneal injection of PVAX nanoparticles (4 mg/kg/day) resulted in significant inhibition in apoptosis in liver and heart of DOX-treated mice by suppressing the activation of poly (ADP ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1) and caspase-3. PVAX treatment also prevented DOX-induced cardiac dysfunction. Furthermore, survival rate (vehicle = 35% vs. PVAX = 75%; p < 0.05) was significantly improved in a PVAX nanoparticles-treated group compared with vehicle treated groups. Taken together, we anticipate that PVAX nanoparticles could be a highly specific and potent treatment modality in DOX-induced cardiac and hepatic toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seunggyu Park
- Department of BIN Fusion Technology, Chonbuk National University, Dukjin 664-14, Jeonju, Chonbuk 561-756, South Korea
| | - Jooheung Yoon
- Cardiovascular Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, 3 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Soochan Bae
- Cardiovascular Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, 3 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Minhyung Park
- Department of BIN Fusion Technology, Chonbuk National University, Dukjin 664-14, Jeonju, Chonbuk 561-756, South Korea
| | - Changsun Kang
- Department of BIN Fusion Technology, Chonbuk National University, Dukjin 664-14, Jeonju, Chonbuk 561-756, South Korea
| | - Qingen Ke
- Cardiovascular Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, 3 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Dongwon Lee
- Department of BIN Fusion Technology, Chonbuk National University, Dukjin 664-14, Jeonju, Chonbuk 561-756, South Korea; Polymer Fusion Research Center, Department of Polymer⋅Nano Science and Technology, Chonbuk National University, Dukjin 664-14, Jeonju, Chonbuk 561-756, South Korea.
| | - Peter M Kang
- Department of BIN Fusion Technology, Chonbuk National University, Dukjin 664-14, Jeonju, Chonbuk 561-756, South Korea; Cardiovascular Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, 3 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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21
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Kang C, Lee H, Yoo YS, Hah DY, Kim CH, Kim E, Kim JS. Evaluation of Oxidative DNA Damage Using an Alkaline Single Cell Gel Electrophoresis (SCGE) Comet Assay, and the Protective Effects of N-Acetylcysteine Amide on Zearalenone-induced Cytotoxicity in Chang Liver Cells. Toxicol Res 2013; 29:43-52. [PMID: 24278628 PMCID: PMC3834442 DOI: 10.5487/tr.2013.29.1.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Revised: 02/22/2013] [Accepted: 03/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Zearalenone (ZEN) is a non-steroidal estrogenic mycotoxin produced by several species of Fusarium that are found in cereals and agricultural products. ZEN has been implicated in mycotoxicosis in farm animals and in humans. The toxic effects of ZEN are well known, but the ability of an alkaline Comet assay to assess ZEN-induced oxidative DNA damage in Chang liver cells has not been established. The first aim of this study was to evaluate the Comet assay for the determination of cytotoxicity and extent of DNA damage induced by ZEN toxin, and the second aim was to investigate the ability of N-acetylcysteine amide (NACA) to protect cells from ZEN-induced toxicity. In the Comet assay, DNA damage was assessed by quantifying the tail extent moment (TEM; arbitrary unit) and tail length (TL; arbitrary unit), which are used as indicators of DNA strand breaks in SCGE. The cytotoxic effects of ZEN in Chang liver cells were mediated by inhibition of cell proliferation and induction of oxidative DNA damage. Increasing the concentration of ZEN increased the extent of DNA damage. The extent of DNA migration, and percentage of cells with tails were significantly increased in a concentration-dependent manner following treatment with ZEN toxin (p < 0.05). Treatment with a low concentration of ZEN toxin (25 μM) induced a relatively low level of DNA damage, compared to treatment of cells with a high concentration of ZEN toxin (250 μM). Oxidative DNA damage appeared to be a key determinant of ZEN-induced toxicity in Chang liver cells. Significant reductions in cytolethality and oxidative DNA damage were observed when cells were pretreated with NACA prior to exposure to any concentration of ZEN. Our data suggest that ZEN induces DNA damage in Chang liver cells, and that the antioxidant activity of NACA may contribute to the reduction of ZEN-induced DNA damage and cytotoxicity via elimination of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changgeun Kang
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea
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22
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El-Dayem SMA, Fouda FM, Ali EHA, Motelp BAAE. The antitumor effects of tetrodotoxin and/or doxorubicin on Ehrlich ascites carcinoma-bearing female mice. Toxicol Ind Health 2013; 29:404-417. [DOI: 10.1177/0748233711434955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
The study aimed to investigate the antitumor effect of tetrodotoxin (TTX) and/or doxorubicin (DOX) on Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC)-bearing mice through the investigated biochemical parameters. TTX and/or DOX with or without N-acetylcystiene were administrated after 10 days into EAC-female mice for a period of 2 weeks in six equal doses. Treatment with TTX or DOX caused a significant decrease in the mean tumor weight and an increase in the cumulative mean survival time when compared with EAC group. All the treatments reduced the elevated liver tumor markers and increased liver antioxidant enzymes under investigation in comparison with EAC. Hepatic cells, suffered severely from degeneration and karriolysis in EAC group, revealed some improvement as appearance of healthy hepatocytes by TTX treatment. The present results suggested that TTX had a more powerful inhibitor effect on EAC growth than DOX and TTX plus DOX treatments reflected by antitumor biochemical and histological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samiha M Abd El-Dayem
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Women’s for Arts, Science and Education, Ain Shams University, Egypt
| | - Fatma M Fouda
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Women’s for Arts, Science and Education, Ain Shams University, Egypt
| | - Elham H A Ali
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Women’s for Arts, Science and Education, Ain Shams University, Egypt
| | - Bosy A Abd El Motelp
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Women’s for Arts, Science and Education, Ain Shams University, Egypt
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23
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Cavaliere V, Papademetrio DL, Lombardo T, Costantino SN, Blanco GA, Alvarez EMC. Caffeic acid phenylethyl ester and MG132, two novel nonconventional chemotherapeutic agents, induce apoptosis of human leukemic cells by disrupting mitochondrial function. Target Oncol 2013; 9:25-42. [PMID: 23430344 DOI: 10.1007/s11523-013-0256-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2012] [Accepted: 01/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The ability to modulate balance between cell survival and death is recognized for its great therapeutic potential. Therefore, research continues to focus on elucidation of cell machinery and signaling pathways that control cell proliferation and apoptosis. Conventional chemotherapeutic agents often have a cytostatic effect over tumor cells. New natural or synthetic chemotherapeutic agents have a wider spectrum of interesting antitumor activities that merit in-depth studies. In the present work, we aimed at characterizing the molecular mechanism leading to induction of cell death upon treatment of the lymphoblastoid cell line PL104 with caffeic acid phenylethyl ester (CAPE), MG132 and two conventional chemotherapeutic agents, doxorubicine (DOX) and vincristine (VCR). Our results showed several apoptotic hallmarks such as phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure on the outer leaflet of the cell membrane, nuclear fragmentation, and increase sub-G1 DNA content after all treatments. In addition, all four drugs downregulated survivin expression. CAPE and both chemotherapeutic agents reduced Bcl-2, while only CAPE and MG132 significantly increased Bax level. CAPE and VCR treatment induced the collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential (∆ψm). All compounds induced cytochrome c release from mitochondrial compartment to cytosol. However, only MG132 caused the translocation of Smac/DIABLO. Except for VCR treatment, all other drugs increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production level. All treatments induced activation of caspases 3/7, but only CAPE and MG132 led to the activation of caspase 9. In conclusion, our results indicate that CAPE and MG132 treatment of PL104 cells induced apoptosis through the mitochondrial intrinsic pathway, whereas the apoptotic mechanism induced by DOX and VCR may proceed through the extrinsic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Cavaliere
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Tumoral (LIT), IDEHU-CONICET, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina,
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Transtympanic Injections of N-acetylcysteine for the Prevention of Cisplatin-induced Ototoxicity. Am J Clin Oncol 2013; 36:1-6. [DOI: 10.1097/coc.0b013e31822e006d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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25
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Pummelo protects Doxorubicin-induced cardiac cell death by reducing oxidative stress, modifying glutathione transferase expression, and preventing cellular senescence. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:254835. [PMID: 23401708 PMCID: PMC3564430 DOI: 10.1155/2013/254835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Accepted: 12/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Citrus flavonoids have been shown to reduce cardiovascular disease (CVD) risks prominently due to their antioxidant effects. Here we investigated the protective effect of pummelo (Citrus maxima, CM) fruit juice in rat cardiac H9c2 cells against doxorubicin (DOX-) induced cytotoxicity. Four antioxidant compositions (ascorbic acid, hesperidin, naringin, and gallic acid) were determined by HPLC. CM significantly increased cardiac cell survival from DOX toxicity as evaluated by MTT assay. Reduction of cellular oxidative stress was monitored by the formation of DCF fluorescent product and total glutathione (GSH) levels. The changes in glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity and expression were determined by enzyme activity assay and Western blot analysis, respectively. Influence of CM on senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity (SA-β-gal) was also determined. The mechanisms of cytoprotection involved reduction of intracellular oxidative stress, maintaining GSH availability, and enhanced GST enzyme activity and expression. DOX-induced cellular senescence was also attenuated by long-term CM treatment. Thus, CM fruit juice can be promoted as functional fruit to protect cells from oxidative cell death, enhance the phase II GSTP enzyme activity, and decrease senescence phenotype population induced by cardiotoxic agent such as DOX.
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26
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Kovacic P, Somanathan R. Broad overview of oxidative stress and its complications in human health. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/ojpm.2013.31005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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27
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Cardioprotective Effects of 20(S)-Ginsenoside Rh2 against Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity In Vitro and In Vivo. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 2012:506214. [PMID: 23125868 PMCID: PMC3483725 DOI: 10.1155/2012/506214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2012] [Revised: 08/23/2012] [Accepted: 09/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is considered as one of the best antineoplastic agents. However, its clinical use is restricted by its associated cardiotoxicity, which is mediated by the production of reactive oxygen species. In this study, 20(S)-ginsenoside Rh2 (Rh2) was explored whether it had protective effects against DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. In vitro study on H9C2 cell line, as well as in vivo investigation in one mouse and one rat model of DOX-induced cardiomyopathy, was carried out. The results showed that pretreatment with Rh2 significantly increased the viability of DOX-injured H9C2 cells. In the mouse model, Rh2 could suppress the DOX-induced release of the cardiac enzymes into serum and improved the occurred pathological changes through ameliorating the decreased antioxidant biomolecules and the cumulated lipid peroxidation malondialdehyde in heart tissues. In the rat model, Rh2 could attenuate the change of ECG resulting from DOX administration. Furthermore, Rh2 enhanced the antitumor activity of DOX in A549 cells. Our findings thus demonstrated that Rh2 pretreatment could effectively alleviate heart injury induced by DOX, and Rh2 might act as a novel protective agent in the clinical usefulness of DOX.
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28
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Shi Y, Moon M, Dawood S, McManus B, Liu PP. Mechanisms and management of doxorubicin cardiotoxicity. Herz 2012; 36:296-305. [PMID: 21656050 DOI: 10.1007/s00059-011-3470-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Doxorubicin is an effective anti-tumor agent with a cumulative dose-dependent cardiotoxicity. In addition to its principal toxic mechanisms involving iron and redox reactions, recent studies have described new mechanisms of doxorubicin-induced cell death, including abnormal protein processing, hyper-activated innate immune responses, inhibition of neuregulin-1 (NRG1)/ErbB(HER) signalling, impaired progenitor cell renewal/cardiac repair, and decreased vasculogenesis. Although multiple mechanisms involved in doxorubicin cardiotoxicity have been studied, there is presently no clinically proven treatment established for doxorubicin cardiomyopathy. Iron chelator dexrazoxane, angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, and β-blockade have been proposed as potential preventive strategies for doxorubicin cardiotoxicity. Novel approaches such as anti-miR-146 or recombinant NRG1 to increase cardiomyocyte resistance to toxicity may be of interest in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Shi
- Division of Cardiology, Heart and Stroke/Richard Lewar Centre of Excellence, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto General Hospital, Ontario, Canada
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29
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Finn NA, Kemp ML. Pro-oxidant and antioxidant effects of N-acetylcysteine regulate doxorubicin-induced NF-kappa B activity in leukemic cells. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2012; 8:650-62. [PMID: 22134636 PMCID: PMC3337722 DOI: 10.1039/c1mb05315a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Clinical debate has arisen over the consequences of antioxidant supplementation during cancer chemotherapy. While antioxidants may impede the efficacy of chemotherapy by scavenging reactive oxygen species and free radicals, it is also possible that antioxidants alleviate unwanted chemotherapy-induced toxicity, thus allowing for increased chemotherapy doses. These contradictory assertions suggest that antioxidant supplementation during chemotherapy treatment can have varied outcomes depending on the cellular context. To gain a more robust understanding of the role that antioxidants play in chemotherapy, we investigated the dose-dependent effects of the antioxidant, N-acetylcysteine (NAC), on the redox-mediated regulation of intracellular signaling. In this study, we systematically evaluated the effect of Dox-induced ROS on the NF-κB pathway in a pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cell line by measuring the thiol-based oxidative modifications of redox-sensitive proteins within the pathway. We report a functional consequence of NAC supplementation during doxorubicin (Dox) chemotherapy administration via the NF-kappa B (NF-κB) signal transduction pathway. The ability of NAC to alter Dox-induced NF-κB activity is contingent on the ROS-mediated S-glutathionylation of IKK-β. Moreover, the NAC-dependent alteration of intracellular glutathione redox balance, through pro-oxidant and antioxidant mechanisms, can be exploited to either promote or inhibit Dox-induced NF-κB activity in an NAC-concentration-dependent manner. We developed an electron-transfer-based computational model that predicts the effect of NAC pretreatment on Dox-induced NF-κB signaling for a range of NAC and Dox treatment combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nnenna Adimora Finn
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, 315 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA 30032-0363, USA; Fax: +1 404-894-4243; Tel: +1 404-385-6341
| | - Melissa Lambeth Kemp
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, 315 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA 30032-0363, USA; Fax: +1 404-894-4243; Tel: +1 404-385-6341
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30
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Freeman LR, Keller JN. Oxidative stress and cerebral endothelial cells: regulation of the blood-brain-barrier and antioxidant based interventions. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2011; 1822:822-9. [PMID: 22206999 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2011.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2011] [Accepted: 12/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
While numerous lines of evidence point to increased levels of oxidative stress playing a causal role in a number of neurodegenerative conditions, our current understanding of the specific role of oxidative stress in the genesis and/or propagation of neurodegenerative diseases remains poorly defined. Even more challenging to the "oxidative stress theory of neurodegeneration" is the fact that many antioxidant-based clinical trials and therapeutic interventions have been largely disappointing in their therapeutic benefit. Together, these factors have led researchers to begin to focus on understanding the contribution of highly localized structures, and defined anatomical features, within the brain as the sites responsible for oxidative stress-induced neurodegeneration. This review focuses on the potential for oxidative stress within the cerebrovascular architecture serving as a modulator of neurodegeneration in a variety of pathological settings. In particular, this review highlights important implications for vascular-derived oxidative stress in the initiating and promoting pathophysiology in the brain, identifying new roles for cerebrovascular oxidative stress in a variety of brain disorders. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Antioxidants and Antioxidant Treatment in Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linnea R Freeman
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, BAton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
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31
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Spagnuolo RD, Recalcati S, Tacchini L, Cairo G. Role of hypoxia-inducible factors in the dexrazoxane-mediated protection of cardiomyocytes from doxorubicin-induced toxicity. Br J Pharmacol 2011; 163:299-312. [PMID: 21232037 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01208.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Iron aggravates the cardiotoxicity of doxorubicin, a widely used anticancer anthracycline, and the iron chelator dexrazoxane is the only agent protecting against doxorubicin cardiotoxicity; however, the mechanisms underlying the role of iron in doxorubicin-mediated cardiotoxicity and the protective role of dexrazoxane remain to be established. As iron is required for the degradation of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF), which control the expression of antiapoptotic and protective genes, we tested the hypothesis that dexrazoxane-dependent HIF activation may mediate the cardioprotective effect of dexrazoxane. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Cell death, protein levels (by immunoblotting) and HIF-mediated transcription (using reporter constructs) were evaluated in the rat H9c2 cardiomyocyte cell line exposed to low doses of doxorubicin with or without dexrazoxane pretreatment. HIF levels were genetically manipulated by transfecting dominant-negative mutants or short hairpin RNA. KEY RESULTS Treatment with dexrazoxane induced HIF-1α and HIF-2α protein levels and transactivation capacity in H9c2 cells. It also prevented the induction of cell death and apoptosis by exposure of H9c2 cells to clinically relevant concentrations of doxorubicin. Suppression of HIF activity strongly reduced the protective effect of dexrazoxane. Conversely, HIF-1α overexpression protected against doxorubicin-mediated cell death and apoptosis also in cells not exposed to the chelator. Exposure to dexrazoxane increased the expression of the HIF-regulated, antiapoptotic proteins survivin, Mcl1 and haem oxygenase. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Our results showing HIF-dependent prevention of doxorubicin toxicity in dexrazoxane-treated H9c2 cardiomyocytes suggest that HIF activation may be a mechanism contributing to the protective effect of dexrazoxane against anthracycline cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- R D Spagnuolo
- Department of Human Morphology and Biomedical Sciences 'Città Studi', University of Milan, Milano, Italy
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Peng YW, Buller CL, Charpie JR. Impact of N-acetylcysteine on neonatal cardiomyocyte ischemia-reperfusion injury. Pediatr Res 2011; 70:61-6. [PMID: 21427628 DOI: 10.1203/pdr.0b013e31821b1a92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are hypothesized to play a key role in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury after cardiopulmonary bypass in children. Clinical studies in adults and several animal models suggest that myocardial IR injury involves cardiomyocyte apoptosis and necrosis. This study investigated a potential relationship between IR-induced ROS production and neonatal cardiomyocyte apoptosis using both in vitro and ex vivo techniques. For in vitro experiments, embryonic rat cardiomyocytes (H9c2 cells) exposed to hypoxia-reoxygenation (HR) showed a time-dependent increase in gp91 phox (a marker for ROS production by NADPH oxidases), caspase-3 (a key mediator of apoptosis) expression, and a decrease in the glutathione redox ratio. N-acetylcysteine (NAC; 0.25-2 mM), a potent antioxidant, decreased gp91 phox and caspase-3 expression, inhibited apoptosis and restored the glutathione redox ratio. For ex vivo study, IR injury significantly reduced left ventricular (LV) function and increased the expression of gp91 phox and caspase-3 in Langendorff-perfused neonatal (7-14 d) rabbit hearts. NAC (0.4 mM) treatment completely attenuated LV dysfunction after IR. In summary, neonatal myocardial IR injury is associated with an increase in cardiomyocyte oxidative stress and apoptosis. NAC attenuates apoptosis in an in vitro embryonic rat cardiomyocyte model of HR, and myocardial dysfunction in an ex vivo neonatal rabbit model of myocardial IR injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Wen Peng
- Department of Pediatrics & Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
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Lee E, Seo EY, Kwon Y, Ha H. Rapid and Reliable Measurement for Evaluating Directly the Reactivity of N-Acetylcysteine with Glucose Degradation Products in Peritoneal Dialysis Fluids. Anal Chem 2011; 83:1518-22. [DOI: 10.1021/ac200046y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eunyoung Lee
- Division of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences and ‡Department of Bioinspired Science, Division of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Eun-young Seo
- Division of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences and ‡Department of Bioinspired Science, Division of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Youngjoo Kwon
- Division of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences and ‡Department of Bioinspired Science, Division of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Hunjoo Ha
- Division of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences and ‡Department of Bioinspired Science, Division of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
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Recalcati S, Minotti G, Cairo G. Iron regulatory proteins: from molecular mechanisms to drug development. Antioxid Redox Signal 2010; 13:1593-616. [PMID: 20214491 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2009.2983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Eukaryotic cells require iron for survival but, as an excess of poorly liganded iron can lead to the catalytic production of toxic radicals that can damage cell structures, regulatory mechanisms have been developed to maintain appropriate cell and body iron levels. The interactions of iron responsive elements (IREs) with iron regulatory proteins (IRPs) coordinately regulate the expression of the genes involved in iron uptake, use, storage, and export at the post-transcriptional level, and represent the main regulatory network controlling cell iron homeostasis. IRP1 and IRP2 are similar (but not identical) proteins with partially overlapping and complementary functions, and control cell iron metabolism by binding to IREs (i.e., conserved RNA stem-loops located in the untranslated regions of a dozen mRNAs directly or indirectly related to iron metabolism). The discovery of the presence of IREs in a number of other mRNAs has extended our knowledge of the influence of the IRE/IRP regulatory network to new metabolic pathways, and it has been recently learned that an increasing number of agents and physiopathological conditions impinge on the IRE/IRP system. This review focuses on recent findings concerning the IRP-mediated regulation of iron homeostasis, its alterations in disease, and new research directions to be explored in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Recalcati
- Department of Human Morphology and Biomedical Sciences Città Studi, University of Milan, Milano, Italy
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Fu Z, Guo J, Jing L, Li R, Zhang T, Peng S. Enhanced toxicity and ROS generation by doxorubicin in primary cultures of cardiomyocytes from neonatal metallothionein-I/II null mice. Toxicol In Vitro 2010; 24:1584-91. [PMID: 20600803 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2010.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2010] [Revised: 06/02/2010] [Accepted: 06/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The clinical use of doxorubicin (Dox), a potent anticancer drug, is limited by its concurrent dose-dependent cardiotoxicity. We previously found that metallothionein-I/II (MT-I/II) null mice are more vulnerable to Dox-induced cardiomyopathy, but it is unknown whether depletion of MT would sensitize cardiomyocytes to Dox toxicity in vitro since the protective effect of MT still remains controversial. In the present study, a primary culture system of cardiomyocytes from neonatal MT-I/II null (MT(-/-)) and corresponding wild type (MT(+/+)) mice was established to unequivocally determine the effect of MT deficiency on Dox-induced toxicity. MT concentrations in the MT(-/-) cardiomyocytes were about 2.5-fold lower than those in MT(+/+) cardiomyocytes. MT(-/-) cardiomyocytes were more sensitive to Dox-induced cytotoxicity than MT(+/+) cardiomyocytes as measured by morphological alterations, lactate dehydrogenase leakage, cell viability, and apoptosis. Dox time- and concentration-dependently increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation in MT(+/+) cardiomyocytes, and this effect was exaggerated in MT(-/-) cardiomyocytes. Antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and glutathione (GSH) significantly rescued MT(+/+) but not MT(-/-)cardiomyocytes from Dox-induced cell death and ROS generation. These findings suggest that basal MT provide protection against Dox-induced toxicity in cardiomyocytes, particularly highlight the important role of MT as a cellular antioxidant on scavenging ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze Fu
- Evaluation and Research Centre for Toxicology, Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Fengtai District, Beijing, PR China
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36
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37
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Menna P, Salvatorelli E, Minotti G. Anthracycline Degradation in Cardiomyocytes: A Journey to Oxidative Survival. Chem Res Toxicol 2009; 23:6-10. [DOI: 10.1021/tx9003424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pierantonio Menna
- University Campus Bio-Medico, Fondazione Alberto Sordi-Research Institute on Aging, Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuela Salvatorelli
- University Campus Bio-Medico, Fondazione Alberto Sordi-Research Institute on Aging, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgio Minotti
- University Campus Bio-Medico, Fondazione Alberto Sordi-Research Institute on Aging, Rome, Italy
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Jung R, Wendeler MW, Danevad M, Himmelbauer H, Geßner R. Phylogenetic origin of LI-cadherin revealed by protein and gene structure analysis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2004; 61:1157-66. [PMID: 15141301 PMCID: PMC11138757 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-004-3470-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The intestine specific LI-cadherin differs in its overall structure from classical and desmosomal cadherins by the presence of seven instead of five cadherin repeats and a short cytoplasmic domain. Despite the low sequence similarity, a comparative protein structure analysis revealed that LI-cadherin may have originated from a five-repeat predecessor cadherin by a duplication of the first two aminoterminal repeats. To test this hypothesis, we cloned the murine LI-cadherin gene and compared its structure to that of other cadherins. The intron-exon organization, including the intron positions and phases, is perfectly conserved between repeats 3-7 of LI-cadherin and 1-5 of classical cadherins. Moreover, the genomic structure of the repeats 1-2 and 3-4 is identical for LI-cadherin and highly similar to that of the repeats 1-2 of classical cadherins. These findings strengthen our assumption that LI-cadherin originated from an ancestral cadherin with five domains by a partial gene duplication event.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Jung
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Biochemistry, Virchow-Hospital of Charité Medical School, Humboldt University of Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- Schering AG, Müllerstr. 178, 13342 Berlin, Germany
| | - M. W. Wendeler
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Biochemistry, Virchow-Hospital of Charité Medical School, Humboldt University of Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - M. Danevad
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Biochemistry, Virchow-Hospital of Charité Medical School, Humboldt University of Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - H. Himmelbauer
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Genetics, Ihnestr. 73, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - R. Geßner
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Biochemistry, Virchow-Hospital of Charité Medical School, Humboldt University of Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
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