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Marsh JT, Palmer LK, Koppelman SJ, Johnson PE. Determination of Allergen Levels, Isoforms, and Their Hydroxyproline Modifications Among Peanut Genotypes by Mass Spectrometry. FRONTIERS IN ALLERGY 2022; 3:872714. [PMID: 35769555 PMCID: PMC9234871 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2022.872714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The recently published reference genome of peanuts enables a detailed molecular description of the allergenic proteins of the seed. We used LC-MS/MS to investigate peanuts of different genotypes to assess variability and to better describe naturally occurring allergens and isoforms. Using relative quantification by mass spectrometry, minor variation of some allergenic proteins was observed, but total levels of Ara h 1, 2, 3, and 6 were relatively consistent among 20 genotypes. Previously published RP-HPLC methodology was used for comparison. The abundance of three Ara h 3 isoforms were variable among the genotypes and contributed to a large proportion of total Ara h 3 where present. Previously unpublished hydroxyproline sites were identified in Ara h 1 and 3. Hydroxylation did not vary significantly where sites were present. Peanut allergen composition was largely stable, with only some isoforms displaying differences between genotypes. The resulting differences in allergenicity are of unknown clinical significance but are likely to be minor. The data presented herein allow for the design of targeted MS methodology to allow the quantitation and therefore control of peanut allergens of clinical relevance and observed variability.
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Liu L, Xu F, Deleu M, Wang Q. Structure and thermal properties of arachin from six varieties: effect of 35.5 kDa subunit. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2020.1769648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Xu
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Magali Deleu
- Agricultureis Life Plateform and Laboratoire de Biophysique Moléculaire Aux Interfaces, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech - University of Liege, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Qiang Wang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Beijing, China
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Smith DK, Harper JF, Wallace IS. A potential role for protein O-fucosylation during pollen-pistil interactions. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2018; 13:e1467687. [PMID: 29939807 PMCID: PMC6103288 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2018.1467687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Putative protein O-fucosyltransferases (POFTs) represent a large family of Glycosyl Transferase family 65 domain-containing proteins in land plants, with at least 39 proposed members in the Arabidopsis thaliana genome alone. We recently identified a member of this family, AtOFT1 (At3g05320), in which loss-of-function mutants display impaired sexual reproduction that was linked to a defective male gamete. Specifically, oft1 mutant pollen tubes are ineffective at penetrating the stigma-style interface leading to a drastic reduction in seed set and a nearly 2000-fold reduction in pollen transmission. Our findings establish that AtOFT1 plays a critical role in pollen tube penetration through the stigma/style in Arabidopsis and further suggest an important role for protein O-glycosylation events that potentially influence pollen tube mechanical strength or the ability to respond to positional guidance cues during the process of tube growth and fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. K. Smith
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, USA
| | - J. F. Harper
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, USA
| | - I. S. Wallace
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, USA
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Singh A, Raina SN, Rajpal VR, Singh AK. Seed protein fraction electrophoresis in peanut ( Arachis hypogaea L.) accessions and wild species. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 24:465-481. [PMID: 29692554 PMCID: PMC5911266 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-018-0521-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Total seed storage proteins were studied in 50 accessions of A. hypogaea (11 A. hypogaea ssp. hypogaea var hypogaea, 13 A. hypogaea ssp. hypogaea var hirsuta, 11 A. hypogaea ssp. fastigiata var fastigiata and 15 A. hypogaea ssp. fastigiata var. vulgaris accessions) in SDS PAGE. These accessions were also analysed for albumin and globulin seed protein fractions. Among the six seed protein markers presently used, it was found that globulin fraction showed maximum diversity (77.2%) in A. hypogaea accessions followed by albumin (52.3%), denatured total soluble protein fraction in embryo (33.3%) and cotyledon (28.5%). The cluster analysis based on combined data of cotyledons, embryos, albumins and globulins seed protein fractions demarcated the accessions of two subspecies hypogaea and fastigiata into two separate clusters supported by 51% bootstrap value, with few exceptions, suggesting the genotypes to be moderately diverse. Native and denatured total soluble seed storage proteins were also electrophoretically analysed in 27 wild Arachis species belonging to six sections of the genus. Cluster analysis using different methods were performed for different seed proteins data alone and also in combination. Section Caulorrhizae (C genome) and Triseminatae (T genome) formed one, distantly related group to A. hypogaea and other section Arachis species in the dendrogram based on denatured seed storage proteins data. The present analysis has maintained that the section Arachis species belong to primary and secondary genepools and, sections Procumbenetes and Erectoides belong to tertiary gene pools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apekshita Singh
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector-125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201313 India
| | - Soom Nath Raina
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector-125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201313 India
| | - Vijay Rani Rajpal
- Department of Botany, Hans Raj College, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007 India
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Effect of thermal/pressure processing and simulated human digestion on the immunoreactivity of extractable peanut allergens. Food Res Int 2018; 109:126-137. [PMID: 29803434 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Peanut allergy is one of the most widespread types of food allergies especially affecting developed countries. To reduce the risk of triggering allergic reactions, several technological strategies have been devised to modify or remove allergens from foods. Herein we investigated the combination of high temperature and pressure on the modulation of peanuts immunoreactivity after simulated gastro-duodenal digestion. Extractable proteins of raw and autoclaved peanuts were separated on SDS-PAGE and immunogenicity was assessed by ELISA and Western Blot analyses. Proteins surviving the heat treatment and reacting towards allergic patients' sera were analysed and attributed to Ara h 3 and Ara h 1 proteins by untargeted LC-high resolution-MS/MS. A progressive reduction in the intensity of the major allergen proteins was also highlighted in the protein fraction extracted from autoclaved peanuts, with a total disappearance of the high molecular allergens when samples were preliminary exposed to 2 h hydration although the lower molecular weight fraction was not investigated in the present work. Furthermore, raw and processed peanuts underwent simulated digestion experiments and the IgE binding was assessed by using allergic patients' sera. The persistence of an immunoreactive band was displayed around 20 kDa. In conclusion, the synergistic effects of heat and pressure played a pivotal role in the disappearance of the major peanut allergens also contributing to the significant alteration of the final immunoreactivity. In addition, the surviving of allergenic determinants in peanuts after gastrointestinal breakdown provides more insights on the fate of allergenic proteins after autoclaving treatments.
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Khanam B, Chandra R. Comparative analysis of prodigiosin isolated from endophyte Serratia marcescens. Lett Appl Microbiol 2018; 66:194-201. [PMID: 29283452 DOI: 10.1111/lam.12840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Extraction of pigments from endophytes is an uphill task. Up till now, there are no efficient methods available to extract the maximum amount of prodigiosin from Serratia marcescens. This is one of the important endophytes of Beta vulgaris L. The present work was carried out for the comparative study of six different extraction methods such as homogenization, ultrasonication, freezing and thawing, heat treatment, organic solvents and inorganic acids to evaluate the efficiency of prodigiosin yield. Our results demonstrated that highest extraction was observed in ultrasonication (98·1 ± 1·7%) while the lowest extraction by freezing and thawing (31·8 ± 3·8%) methods. However, thin layer chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography and Fourier transform infrared data suggest that bioactive pigment in the extract was prodigiosin. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive study of extraction methods and identification and purification of prodigiosin from cell biomass of Ser. marcescens isolated from Beta vulgaris L. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The prodigiosin family is a potent drug with anticancer, antimalarial, antibacterial, antifungal, antiproliferative and immunosuppressive activities. Moreover, it has immense potential in pharmaceutical, food and textile industries. For the industrial perspective, it is essential to achieve purified, high yield and cost-effective extraction of prodigiosin. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive study on prodigiosin extraction and also the first report on endophyte Serratia marcescens isolated from Beta vulgaris L. The significance of our results is to extract high amount and good quality prodigiosin for commercial application.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Khanam
- Department of Bioengineering, Birla Institute of Technology, Ranchi, India
| | - R Chandra
- Department of Bioengineering, Birla Institute of Technology, Ranchi, India
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Korani WA, Chu Y, Holbrook C, Clevenger J, Ozias-Akins P. Genotypic Regulation of Aflatoxin Accumulation but Not Aspergillus Fungal Growth upon Post-Harvest Infection of Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Seeds. Toxins (Basel) 2017; 9:E218. [PMID: 28704974 PMCID: PMC5535165 DOI: 10.3390/toxins9070218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxin contamination is a major economic and food safety concern for the peanut industry that largely could be mitigated by genetic resistance. To screen peanut for aflatoxin resistance, ten genotypes were infected with a green fluorescent protein (GFP)-expressing Aspergillus flavus strain. Percentages of fungal infected area and fungal GFP signal intensity were documented by visual ratings every 8 h for 72 h after inoculation. Significant genotypic differences in fungal growth rates were documented by repeated measures and area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) analyses. SICIA (Seed Infection Coverage and Intensity Analyzer), an image processing software, was developed to digitize fungal GFP signals. Data from SICIA image analysis confirmed visual rating results validating its utility for quantifying fungal growth. Among the tested peanut genotypes, NC 3033 and GT-C20 supported the lowest and highest fungal growth on the surface of peanut seeds, respectively. Although differential fungal growth was observed on the surface of peanut seeds, total fungal growth in the seeds was not significantly different across genotypes based on a fluorometric GFP assay. Significant differences in aflatoxin B levels were detected across peanut genotypes. ICG 1471 had the lowest aflatoxin level whereas Florida-07 had the highest. Two-year aflatoxin tests under simulated late-season drought also showed that ICG 1471 had reduced aflatoxin production under pre-harvest field conditions. These results suggest that all peanut genotypes support A. flavus fungal growth yet differentially influence aflatoxin production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walid Ahmed Korani
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics and Genomics, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA 31793, USA.
| | - Ye Chu
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics and Genomics, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA 31793, USA.
| | - Corley Holbrook
- The United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Crop Genetics and Breeding Research Unit, Tifton, GA 31793, USA.
| | - Josh Clevenger
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics and Genomics, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA 31793, USA.
| | - Peggy Ozias-Akins
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics and Genomics, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA 31793, USA.
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Peanut protein extraction conditions strongly influence yield of allergens Ara h 1 and 2 and sensitivity of immunoassays. Food Chem 2016; 221:335-344. [PMID: 27979211 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.10.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The clinical importance of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) allergies demands standardized allergen extraction protocols. We determined the effectiveness of common extraction conditions (20 buffers, defatting reagents, extraction time/temperatures, processing, extraction repeats) on crude protein and Ara h 1 and 2 yields. Despite similar 1D-gel profiles, defatting with n-hexane resulted in significantly higher yields of crude protein, Ara h 1, and Ara h 2 than with diethyl ether. The yields were affected by the composition and pH of the extraction buffers and other conditions, but crude protein yield did not always correlate with Ara h 1 and 2 yields. Denaturants, reducing agents, acidic buffers, and thermal processing of peanuts perturbed allergen quantification in ELISAs, probably via exposure of additional epitopes. Allergen detection in 2D-Western blots with PBS resulted in greater sensitivity than with TBS or Tris. We recommend that allergen extraction conditions be selected based on the research question being investigated.
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Katam R, Sakata K, Suravajhala P, Pechan T, Kambiranda DM, Naik KS, Guo B, Basha SM. Comparative leaf proteomics of drought-tolerant and -susceptible peanut in response to water stress. J Proteomics 2016; 143:209-226. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2016.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Senakoon W, Nuchadomrong S, Chiou RYY, Senawong G, Jogloy S, Songsri P, Patanothai A. Identification of peanut seed prolamins with an antifungal role by 2D-GE and drought treatment. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2015; 79:1771-8. [PMID: 26086399 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2015.1056508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
This work revealed peanut seed prolamins likely displaying a defensive role besides the known nitrogen storage. Drought stress and proteomic approaches were used in varieties of peanuts to explore the prolamin member in association with a test against Aspergillus flavus spore germination. The stress effect was showed by aerial biomass, leaf content of malondialdehyde, and seed contamination by A. flavus. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis profiles were not informative for the antifungal polypeptides. From two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, the suspected polypeptides were those with pI 5.45-5.75 and sizes of 22.0-30.5 kDa specifically in Spanish-type peanuts. Regarding to the drought effect in most of these peanuts, the spot peak volume analysis deduced three novel prolamin-related antifungal polypeptides at pI 5.75-5.8 with 30.5, 27.5-28.5, and 22.0-22.5 kDa, which was confirmed after isoelectric purification at pH 5.60. The data could not yet conclude their correlation with resistance to drought and to seed infection by A. flavus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waraluk Senakoon
- a Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry , Khon Kaen University , Khon Kaen , Thailand
| | - Suporn Nuchadomrong
- a Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry , Khon Kaen University , Khon Kaen , Thailand
| | - Robin Y-Y Chiou
- b Department of Food Science, College of Life Sciences , National Chiayi University , Chiayi , Taiwan, ROC
| | - Gulsiri Senawong
- a Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry , Khon Kaen University , Khon Kaen , Thailand
| | - Sanun Jogloy
- c Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Science and Agricultural Resources , Khon Kaen University , Khon Kaen , Thailand
| | - Patcharin Songsri
- c Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Science and Agricultural Resources , Khon Kaen University , Khon Kaen , Thailand
| | - Aran Patanothai
- c Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Science and Agricultural Resources , Khon Kaen University , Khon Kaen , Thailand
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Stalker HT, Tallury SP, Ozias-Akins P, Bertioli D, Bertioli SCL. The Value of Diploid Peanut Relatives for Breeding and Genomics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.3146/ps13-6.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Collection, evaluation, and introgression research has been conducted with Arachis species for more than 60 years. Eighty species in the genus have been described and additional species will be named in the future. Extremely high levels of disease and insect resistances to immunity have been observed in many species of the genus as compared to the cultivated peanut, which makes them extremely important for crop improvement. Many thousands of interspecific hybrids have been produced in the genus, but introgression has been slow because of genomic incompatibilities and sterility of hybrids. Genomics research was initiated during the late 1980s to characterize species relationships and investigate more efficient methods to introgress genes from wild species to A. hypogaea. Relatively low density genetic maps have been created from inter- and intra-specific crosses, several of which have placed disease resistance genes into limited linkage groups. Of particular interest is associating molecular markers with traits of interest to enhance breeding for disease and insect resistances. Only recently have sufficiently large numbers of markers become available to effectively conduct marker assisted breeding in peanut. Future analyses of the diploid ancestors of the cultivated peanut, A. duranensis and A. ipaensis, will allow more detailed characterization of peanut genetics and the effects of Arachis species alleles on agronomic traits. Extensive efforts are being made to create populations for genomic analyses of peanut, and introgression of genes from wild to cultivated genotypes should become more efficient in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. T. Stalker
- Department of Crop Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695
| | - S. P. Tallury
- Department of Crop Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695
| | - P. Ozias-Akins
- Department of Horticulture, The University of Georgia, Tifton, GA, 31973
| | - D. Bertioli
- Department of Gentics and Morphology, University of Brasilia, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, DF. Brazil
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12
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Proteomics-based allergen analysis in plants. J Proteomics 2013; 93:40-9. [PMID: 23568023 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2012] [Revised: 03/16/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Plants may trigger hypersensitivity reactions when individuals with allergies consume foods derived from plant materials or inhale plant pollen. As each plant food or pollen contains multiple allergens, proteomics is a powerful tool to detect the allergens present. Allergen-targeted proteomics, termed allergenomics, has been used for comprehensive identification and/or quantification of plant allergens, because it is a simple and inexpensive tool for rapid detection of proteins that bind to IgE. There are increasing numbers of reports on the applications of allergenomics. In this review, we outline some of the applications of proteomics, including: (i) identification of novel allergens, (ii) allergic diagnoses, (iii) quantification of allergens, and (iv) natural diversity of allergens, and finally discuss (v) the use of allergenomics for safety assessment of genetically modified (GM) plants. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE Recently, the number of allergic patients is increasing. Therefore, a comprehensive analysis of allergens (allergenomics) in plants is highly important for not only risk assessment of food plants but also diagnosis of allergic symptoms. In this manuscript, we reviewed the recent progress of allergenomics for identification, quantification and profiling of allergens. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Translational Plant Proteomics.
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Comparative proteome analysis of seed storage and allergenic proteins among four narrow-leafed lupin cultivars. Food Chem 2012; 135:1230-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.05.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2012] [Revised: 04/12/2012] [Accepted: 05/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Hebling CM, Ross MM, Callahan JH, McFarland MA. Size-selective fractionation and visual mapping of allergen protein chemistry in Arachis hypogaea. J Proteome Res 2012; 11:5384-95. [PMID: 23020697 DOI: 10.1021/pr300617a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Peanuts (Arachis hypogaea) in addition to milk, eggs, fish, crustaceans, wheat, tree nuts, and soybean are commonly referred to as the "big eight" foods that contribute to the majority of food allergies worldwide. Despite the severity of allergic reactions and growing prevalence in children and adults, there is no cure for peanut allergy, leaving avoidance as the primary mode of treatment. To improve analytical methods for peanut allergen detection, researchers must overcome obstacles involved in handling complex food matrices while attempting to decipher the chemistry that underlies allergen protein interactions. To address such challenges, we conducted a global proteome characterization of raw peanuts using a sophisticated GELFrEE-PAGE-LC-MS/MS platform consisting of gel-based protein fractionation followed by mass spectrometric identification. The in-solution mass-selective protein fractionation: (1) enhances the number of unique peptide identifications, (2) provides a visual map of protein isoforms, and (3) aids in the identification of disulfide-linked protein complexes. GELFrEE-PAGE-LC-MS/MS not only overcomes many of the challenges involved in the study of plant proteomics, but enriches the understanding of peanut protein chemistry, which is typically unattainable in a traditional bottom-up proteomic analysis. A global understanding of protein chemistry in Arachis hypogaea ultimately will aid the development of improved methods for allergen detection in food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine M Hebling
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, 5100 Paint Branch Parkway, College Park, Maryland 20740, USA.
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Wang T, Zhang E, Chen X, Li L, Liang X. Identification of seed proteins associated with resistance to pre-harvested aflatoxin contamination in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2010; 10:267. [PMID: 21118527 PMCID: PMC3095339 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-10-267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2010] [Accepted: 11/30/2010] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pre-harvest infection of peanuts by Aspergillus flavus and subsequent aflatoxin contamination is one of the food safety factors that most severely impair peanut productivity and human and animal health, especially in arid and semi-arid tropical areas. Some peanut cultivars with natural pre-harvest resistance to aflatoxin contamination have been identified through field screening. However, little is known about the resistance mechanism, which has slowed the incorporation of resistance into cultivars with commercially acceptable genetic background. Therefore, it is necessary to identify resistance-associated proteins, and then to recognize candidate resistance genes potentially underlying the resistance mechanism. RESULTS The objective of this study was to identify resistance-associated proteins in response to A. flavus infection under drought stress using two-dimensional electrophoresis with mass spectrometry. To identify proteins involved in the resistance to pre-harvest aflatoxin contamination, we compared the differential expression profiles of seed proteins between a resistant cultivar (YJ-1) and a susceptible cultivar (Yueyou 7) under well-watered condition, drought stress, and A. flavus infection with drought stress. A total of 29 spots showed differential expression between resistant and susceptible cultivars in response to A. flavus attack under drought stress. Among these spots, 12 protein spots that consistently exhibited an altered expression were screened by Image Master 5.0 software and successfully identified by MALDI-TOF MS. Five protein spots, including Oso7g0179400, PII protein, CDK1, Oxalate oxidase, SAP domain-containing protein, were uniquely expressed in the resistant cultivar. Six protein spots including low molecular weight heat shock protein precursor, RIO kinase, L-ascorbate peroxidase, iso-Ara h3, 50 S ribosomal protein L22 and putative 30 S ribosomal S9 were significantly up-regulated in the resistant cultivar challenged by A. flavus under drought stress. A significant decrease or down regulation of trypsin inhibitor caused by A. flavus in the resistant cultivar was also observed. In addition, variations in protein expression patterns for resistant and susceptible cultivars were further validated by real time RT-PCR analysis. CONCLUSION In summary, this study provides new insights into understanding of the molecular mechanism of resistance to pre-harvest aflatoxin contamination in peanut, and will help to develop peanut varieties with resistance to pre-harvested aflatoxin contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Wang
- Gguangdong Key Lab of Biotechnology for Plant Development, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
- Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Erhua Zhang
- Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Ling Li
- Gguangdong Key Lab of Biotechnology for Plant Development, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Xuanqiang Liang
- Gguangdong Key Lab of Biotechnology for Plant Development, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
- Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
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Schmidt H, Gelhaus C, Latendorf T, Nebendahl M, Petersen A, Krause S, Leippe M, Becker WM, Janssen O. 2-D DIGE analysis of the proteome of extracts from peanut variants reveals striking differences in major allergen contents. Proteomics 2009; 9:3507-21. [PMID: 19609960 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200800938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Over the last decade, an increasing prevalence of peanut allergies was observed worldwide. Peanuts are meanwhile categorized among the most dangerous food allergens. This is particularly relevant since peanut-derived ingredients are widely used in industrial food production. To minimize the problem of hidden food allergens causing severe anaphylactic reactions, pre-packaged food containing peanut components needs to be classified according to European ruling since 2005. Food companies search for strategies to reduce the allergenicity of peanut-derived food additives either by genetically altering the allergen content or by identifying peanut varieties with low levels of major allergens. In our study, we focused on peanut extracts from Indonesia that apparently contain lower levels of the major Arachis hypogaea allergen 1 (Ara h 1). Basic extracts of Virginia-type and Indonesian peanuts were compared by 1- and 2-DE. We identified more than hundred individual components in these extracts by MS and provide a high-resolution allergen map that also includes so far unknown fragments of major peanut allergens. The reduced level of Ara h 1 associated with a significantly lower abundance of the most potent peanut allergen Ara h 2 in various Indonesian peanuts was also confirmed by Western blotting with monoclonal antibodies and sera of allergic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Schmidt
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology, Institute for Immunology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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Chassaigne H, Trégoat V, Nørgaard JV, Maleki SJ, van Hengel AJ. Resolution and identification of major peanut allergens using a combination of fluorescence two-dimensional differential gel electrophoresis, Western blotting and Q-TOF mass spectrometry. J Proteomics 2009; 72:511-26. [PMID: 19223023 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2009.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2008] [Revised: 02/04/2009] [Accepted: 02/05/2009] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Peanut allergy is triggered by several proteins known as allergens. In this study, the complexity the peanut allergome is investigated with proteomic tools. The strength of this investigation resides in combining the high-resolving power and reproducibility of fluorescence two-dimensional differential gel electrophoresis with specific immunological detection as well as polypeptide sequencing by high-resolution mass spectrometry. Matching of the peanut proteins in 2D gels was achieved by differential labelling whereby peanut proteins and purified allergens (Ara h 1, Ara h 2 or Ara h 3/4) were run on the same gel. Ten protein spots on a mass line of ca. 63-68 kDa were likely to correspond to Ara h 1. Two doublets on two different mass lines at ca. 16 and 18 kDa matched with purified allergen Ara h 2. The basic and acidic sub-units of Ara h 3/4 were observed at masses of ca. 25 kDa and 40-45 kDa, respectively. Subsequently the antibody-binding capacity of spots corresponding to peanut allergens was investigated by Western blotting of 2D gels using antibodies (IgY) raised against Ara h 1, Ara h 2 and the recombinant 40 kDa sub-unit of Ara h 3/4. Final confirmation of the identity of the protein spots matched after 2D electrophoresis and identified by Western blotting was obtained by in-gel digestion of protein spots and analysis by quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. By using the method developed in our work, the location and identification of two different isoforms of the allergen Ara h 1, the allergen Ara h 2 and six isoforms of the allergen Ara h 3/4 in 2D peanut protein maps was established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hubert Chassaigne
- Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements, European Commission-Joint Research Centre, Geel, Belgium.
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Holbrook CC, Guo BZ, Wilson DM, Timper P. The U.S. Breeding Program to Develop Peanut with Drought Tolerance and Reduced Aflatoxin Contamination. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.3146/at07-009.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Aflatoxin contamination costs the U.S. peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) industry over $20 million annually. The development of peanut cultivars with resistance to preharvest aflatoxin contamination (PAC) would reduce these costs. Screening techniques have been developed that can measure genetic differences in aflatoxin contamination and they have been used to identify accessions that exhibited relatively low PAC in multiple environments. Significant reductions in PAC have been identified in peanut genotypes with drought tolerance. These sources of resistance to PAC have been crossed with cultivars and breeding lines that have high yield, acceptable grade, and resistance to spotted wilt caused by Tomato spotted wilt tospovirus (TSWV). Due to the large environmental variation in PAC, breeding populations can only be evaluated in late generations when there is less heterozygosity and adequate numbers of seed are available for field testing using multiple replications. Evaluation of numerous breeding populations has identified several families and individual breeding lines with relatively low PAC, relatively high yield, and acceptable levels of resistance to TSWV. To increase breeding efficiency, studies on mechanisms of resistance to PAC are being conducted. The most promising mechanisms identified thus far are resistance to drought and resistance to the peanut root-knot nematode. Late generation breeding lines have been developed with resistance to drought, several of which also exhibited reduced aflatoxin contamination in multiple environments. Tifguard, the first cultivar with high levels of resistance to both TSWV and the peanut root-knot nematode [Meloidogyne arenaria (Neal) Chitwood race 1] was released from this program. Testing is ongoing to determine if this cultivar can be used to reduce aflatoxin contamination in nematode infested fields.
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Stalker HT, Weissinger AK, Milla-Lewis S, Holbrook CC. Genomics: An Evolving Science in Peanut. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.3146/at07-006.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Genomic spcience offers new research tools to explore the function of genes and their effects on plants and animals. Arachis hypogaea is a polyploid species of relatively recent origin and molecular analyses with technologies available in the 1980s and 1990s resulted in little progress in the cultivated species because of apparent lack of molecular variation. Large numbers of polymorphisms existing in wild Arachis species led to evolutionary and gene introgression studies. High throughput genomic sequencing technologies have greatly expanded the possibilities for investigating gene function, but techniques are sufficiently expensive that most federal funding has been directed toward model species and ‘major’ crops. Peanut has lagged behind many other crops, but the number of researchers working on the species in the U.S. and internationally has greatly increased during recent years. In an effort to bring researchers who work with a number of legume crops together to discuss common goals, a national strategic planning workshop was held in 2001 which led to the U.S. Legume Crops Genomics Initiative. A second workshop was held in 2004 to develop a plan with specific objectives for cross-legume genomics research and to outline milestones for accomplishments. Specifically for peanut, a genomics strategic planning workshop was organized at Atlanta in 2004 by the American Peanut Council. A broad view of genomic science was adopted and goals were set by participants to include (a) improving the utility of genetic tools for peanut genomics research, (b) improving the efficacy of technology for gene manipulation in genomics, (c) developing a framework for assembling the peanut genetic blueprint, (d) improving knowledge of gene identification and regulation, and (e) providing bioinformatic management of peanut biological information. Teams of researchers, including molecular biologists, plant breeders, pathologists, and many other disciplines need to be developed to fully utilize the potential of genomics for peanut improvement.
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Holbrook C, Ozias-Akins P, Timper P, Wilson DM, Cantonwine E, Guo BZ, Sullivan DG, Dong W. RESEARCH FROM THE COASTAL PLAIN EXPERIMENT STATION, TIFTON, GEORGIA, TO MINIMIZE AFLATOXIN CONTAMINATION IN PEANUT. TOXIN REV 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/15569540802497673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Wang W, Tai F, Chen S. Optimizing protein extraction from plant tissues for enhanced proteomics analysis. J Sep Sci 2008; 31:2032-9. [PMID: 18615819 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200800087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Plant tissues usually contain high levels of proteases and secondary metabolites that severely interfere with protein extraction, separation, and identification. Preparation of high-quality protein samples from plant tissues for proteomic analysis represents a great challenge. This article briefly describes the critical points in protein separation, especially secondary metabolites in plant tissues, and removal strategy. It provides an updated overview of three total protein extraction methods and their applications in proteomic analysis of various recalcitrant tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.
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