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Galizzi A, Martinelli E, Spalla I, Toschi Corneliani R, Locatelli C. ECG of the Month. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2021; 258:847-851. [PMID: 33825534 DOI: 10.2460/javma.258.8.847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Paolini C, Mugnai G, Zanatta M, Perrone C, Dovigo P, Cianci V, Bilato C. An unusual case of AV block. J Electrocardiol 2020; 59:17-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2020.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Anandhi D, Prakash Raju KNJ, Basha MH, Pandit VR. Acute myocardial infarction in yellow oleander poisoning. J Postgrad Med 2017; 64:123-126. [PMID: 28862240 PMCID: PMC5954810 DOI: 10.4103/jpgm.jpgm_141_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-harm by consuming yellow oleander seeds has become more frequent in South Asian countries, especially Sri Lanka and in southern parts of India. Yellow oleander poisoning usually presents with gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, and neurological manifestations as well as electrolyte abnormalities. Cardiac effects can manifest as nearly any type of dysrhythmia and sudden death with very few premonitory signs. To our knowledge yellow oleander poisoning related acute myocardial infarction has not yet been reported. We report a 37-year-old man with yellow oleander poisoning who had normal sinus rhythm at presentation but within few hours developed acute ST-segment myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Anandhi
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Trauma, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - K N J Prakash Raju
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Trauma, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - M H Basha
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Trauma, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - V R Pandit
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Trauma, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
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ATP-free biosynthesis of a high-energy phosphate metabolite fructose 1,6-diphosphate by in vitro metabolic engineering. Metab Eng 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2017.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Roberts DM, Gallapatthy G, Dunuwille A, Chan BS. Pharmacological treatment of cardiac glycoside poisoning. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2016; 81:488-95. [PMID: 26505271 PMCID: PMC4767196 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.12814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac glycosides are an important cause of poisoning, reflecting their widespread clinical usage and presence in natural sources. Poisoning can manifest as varying degrees of toxicity. Predominant clinical features include gastrointestinal signs, bradycardia and heart block. Death occurs from ventricular fibrillation or tachycardia. A wide range of treatments have been used, the more common including activated charcoal, atropine, β-adrenoceptor agonists, temporary pacing, anti-digoxin Fab and magnesium, and more novel agents include fructose-1,6-diphosphate (clinical trial in progress) and anticalin. However, even in the case of those treatments that have been in use for decades, there is debate regarding their efficacy, the indications and dosage that optimizes outcomes. This contributes to variability in use across the world. Another factor influencing usage is access. Barriers to access include the requirement for transfer to a specialized centre (for example, to receive temporary pacing) or financial resources (for example, anti-digoxin Fab in resource poor countries). Recent data suggest that existing methods for calculating the dose of anti-digoxin Fab in digoxin poisoning overstate the dose required, and that its efficacy may be minimal in patients with chronic digoxin poisoning. Cheaper and effective medicines are required, in particular for the treatment of yellow oleander poisoning which is problematic in resource poor countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren M Roberts
- Medical School, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia, 2603
- Drug Health Clinical Services, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia, 2050
| | | | - Asunga Dunuwille
- Cardiology, National Hospital of Sri Lanka, Colombo, Sri Lanka and
| | - Betty S Chan
- Clinical Toxicology and Emergency Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia
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Durasnel P, Vanhuffel L, Blondé R, Lion F, Galas T, Mousset-Hovaere M, Balaÿ I, Viscardi G, Valyi L. Intoxications graves lors de traitements traditionnels par les plantes à Mayotte. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 107:306-11. [DOI: 10.1007/s13149-014-0400-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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7
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Chan BSH, Buckley NA. Digoxin-specific antibody fragments in the treatment of digoxin toxicity. Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2014; 52:824-36. [DOI: 10.3109/15563650.2014.943907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Marroquín-Segura R, Calvillo-Esparza R, Mora-Guevara JLA, Tovalín-Ahumada JH, Aguilar-Contreras A, Hernández-Abad VJ. Increased acetylcholine esterase activity produced by the administration of an aqueous extract of the seed kernel of Thevetia peruviana and its role on acute and subchronic intoxication in mice. Pharmacogn Mag 2014; 10:S171-5. [PMID: 24914300 PMCID: PMC4047589 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.127370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2012] [Revised: 11/11/2012] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The real mechanism for Thevetia peruviana poisoning remains unclear. Cholinergic activity is important for cardiac function regulation, however, the effect of T. peruviana on cholinergic activity is not well-known. Objective: To study the effect of the acute administration of an aqueous extract of the seed kernel of T. peruviana on the acetylcholine esterase (AChE) activity in CD1 mice as well its implications in the sub-chronic toxicity of the extract. Materials and Methods: A dose of 100 mg/kg of the extract was administered to CD1 mice and after 7 days, serum was obtained for ceruloplasmin (CP) quantitation and liver function tests. Another group of mice received a 50 mg/kg dose of the extract 3 times within 1 h time interval and AChE activity was determined for those animals. Heart tissue histological preparation was obtained from a group of mice that received a daily 50 mg/kg dose of the extract by a 30-days period. Results: CP levels for the treated group were higher than those for the control group (Student's t-test, P ≤ 0.001). AChE activity in the treated group was significantly higher than the control group (Tukey test, control vs. T. peruviana, P ≤ 0.001). Heart tissue histological preparations showed leukocyte infiltrates and necrotic areas, consistent with infarcts. Conclusion: The increased levels of AChE and the hearth tissue infiltrative lesions induced by the aqueous seed kernel extract of T. peruviana explains in part the poisoning caused by this plant, which can be related to an inflammatory process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Marroquín-Segura
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Unidad Multidisciplinaria de Investigación Experimental, División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Batalla de 5 de mayo s/n, Col. Ejército de Oriente, CP 09230, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Calvillo-Esparza
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Unidad Multidisciplinaria de Investigación Experimental, División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Batalla de 5 de mayo s/n, Col. Ejército de Oriente, CP 09230, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José Luis Alfredo Mora-Guevara
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Unidad Multidisciplinaria de Investigación Experimental, División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Batalla de 5 de mayo s/n, Col. Ejército de Oriente, CP 09230, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José Horacio Tovalín-Ahumada
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Unidad Multidisciplinaria de Investigación Experimental, División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Batalla de 5 de mayo s/n, Col. Ejército de Oriente, CP 09230, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Abigail Aguilar-Contreras
- Herbario de plantas medicinales, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social. Av. Cuauhtemoc 330, Col. Doctores, CP 06725, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Vicente Jesús Hernández-Abad
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Unidad Multidisciplinaria de Investigación Experimental, División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Batalla de 5 de mayo s/n, Col. Ejército de Oriente, CP 09230, Mexico City, Mexico ; Laboratorio de Investigación Farmacéutica, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Batalla de 5 de mayo s/n, Col. Ejército de Oriente, CP 09230, Mexico City, Mexico
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Kassop D, Donovan MS, Cohee BM, Mabe DL, Wedam EF, Atwood JE. An unusual case of cardiac glycoside toxicity. Int J Cardiol 2013; 170:434-7. [PMID: 24315350 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2013.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 11/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Kassop
- Cardiovascular Disease Service, Department of Medicine, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, United States.
| | - Michael S Donovan
- Cardiovascular Disease Service, Department of Medicine, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Brian M Cohee
- Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care Service, Department of Medicine, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Donovan L Mabe
- Internal Medicine Service, Department of Medicine, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Erich F Wedam
- Cardiovascular Disease Service, Department of Medicine, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - John E Atwood
- Cardiovascular Disease Service, Department of Medicine, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, United States
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Eddleston M. Applied clinical pharmacology and public health in rural Asia--preventing deaths from organophosphorus pesticide and yellow oleander poisoning. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2013; 75:1175-88. [PMID: 22943579 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.2012.04449.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2012] [Accepted: 08/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-poisoning with pesticides or plants is a major clinical problem in rural Asia, killing several hundred thousand people every year. Over the last 17 years, our clinical toxicology and pharmacology group has carried out clinical studies in the North Central Province of Sri Lanka to improve treatment and reduce deaths. Studies have looked at the effectiveness of anti-digoxin Fab in cardiac glycoside plant poisoning, multiple dose activated charcoal in all poisoning, and pralidoxime in moderate toxicity organophosphorus insecticide poisoning. More recently, using a Haddon matrix as a guide, we have started conducting public health and animal studies to find strategies that may work outside of the hospital. Based on the 2009 GSK Research in Clinical Pharmacology prize lecture, this review shows the evolution of the group's research from a clinical pharmacology approach to one that studies possible interventions at multiple levels, including the patient, the community and government legislation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Eddleston
- Clinical Pharmacology Unit, University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
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Kalam Y, Graudins A. The effects of fructose-1,6-diphosphate on haemodynamic parameters and survival in a rodent model of propranolol and verapamil poisoning. Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2012; 50:546-54. [DOI: 10.3109/15563650.2012.705847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Wheeler TJ, Chien S. Protection of rat cardiac myocytes by fructose-1,6-bisphosphate and 2,3-butanedione. PLoS One 2012; 7:e35023. [PMID: 22558110 PMCID: PMC3338745 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0035023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2011] [Accepted: 03/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Earlier studies by our group showed that fructose-1,6-bisphosphate (FBP) enhances the hypothermic preservation of rat cardiac myocytes and the functional recovery of animal hearts after hypothermic storage. However, the mechanisms involved were not clear. We extended the cardiomyocyte studies by testing whether the FBP effects were due to chelation of extracellular calcium, leading to lower intracellular levels. We also tested effects of 2,3-butanedione monoxime (BDM), pyruvate, and adenine nucleotide precursors. Cardiomyocytes were incubated in ischemic suspension at 3°C, and aliquots examined over 48 to 72 hours for retention of rod-shaped morphology, a measure of viability. Cytosolic Ca2+ levels were measured in some experiments. FBP at 5 mM reduced the death rate even when added after one or two days of incubation. It caused cytosolic calcium levels that were 33% lower than controls in freshly-isolated cells and 70% lower after one day of incubation. EGTA protected against cell death similarly to FBP. These results indicated that one of the mechanisms by which FBP exerts protective effects is through chelation of extracellular calcium. BDM was strongly protective and reduced cytosolic calcium by 30% after one day of incubation. As with FBP, BDM was effective when added after one or two days of incubation. BDM may be useful in combination with FBP in preserving heart tissue. Pyruvate, adenine, and ribose provided little or no protection during hypothermia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J. Wheeler
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Sufan Chien
- Department of Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Dawson AH, Buckley NA. Toxicologists in public health--Following the path of Louis Roche (based on the Louis Roche lecture "An accidental toxicologist in public health", Bordeaux, 2010). Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2011; 49:94-101. [PMID: 21370945 DOI: 10.3109/15563650.2011.554420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The global burden of clinical toxicology suggests a natural partnership with public health. This article reflects the content of a Louis Roche lecture given in 2010. HISTORICAL CONTEXT: Our practice and research in clinical toxicology has evolved from clinical cases to toxico-epidemiology to public health. This evolution in practice was initially unplanned but gained momentum and impact as we placed it more formally in a public health framework. This perspective is implicit in Louis Roche's call to "examine all aspects of the poisoning problem" and still provides a valuable starting point for any clinical toxicologist. DISCUSSION Clinical toxicology has always had a patient centered focus but its greatest successes have been related to public health interventions. Our early failures and later success in pubic health toxicology correlated with our understanding of the importance of partnerships outside our field. The most rapid dissemination and implementation of information derived from research occur through apriori partnerships with other agencies and international partners. CONCLUSION Addressing both local and global need has a number of bilateral synergies. Repositioning clinical toxicology into a public health framework increases access to strategic partnerships, research funds, and policy implementation while still addressing questions that are important to clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew H Dawson
- South Asian Clinical Toxicology Research Collaboration, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka.
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