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Asadi M, Nickhah Klashami Z, Panahi N, Oheb Y, Khorasani S, Amoli MM. ACE I/D gene polymorphisms and polycystic ovary syndrome manifestations. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2024; 23:681-688. [PMID: 38932810 PMCID: PMC11196500 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-023-01335-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Objective Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common multifactorial endocrine disorder affecting women of reproductive age. ACE enzyme is involved in the physiopathology of the ovarian system, and there are inconsistencies between studies regarding the association between ACE gene variants and PCOS. The objective of this study is to evaluate the association between ACE I/D gene polymorphisms and PCOS, as well as its clinical manifestations, in Iranian women with PCOS. Design This study included 140 patients with PCOS and 153 controls without the disease. Samples were collected from Yas Hospital Complex in Tehran-Iran during 2018 to 2022. Genomic DNA was obtained from whole blood samples using salt extraction, and genotyping was carried out using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results Variants of DD, ID, and II were observed in 31.4, 44.3, and 24.3% of PCOS, and 38.6, 44.1, and 17.2% of control group, respectively. The frequency of ACE gene variants did not differ between PCOS patients and control group. A significant difference was observed between the frequency of elevated LH to FSH ratio > 2 and ACE gene polymorphisms in patients with PCOS (OR: 0.32 (0.12-0.88), P value 0.024) with lower frequency observed in D allele carriers. Conclusion This study indicate that although ACE I/D variants frequency in PCOS women is similar to non-PCOS women, it may be involved in the pathogenesis of the disease through mechanisms regulating steroidogenesis in the ovary and suggests that ACE might be related to exacerbated clinical manifestations of PCOS which requires further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojgan Asadi
- Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Metabolomics and Genomics Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular- Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zeynab Nickhah Klashami
- Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nekoo Panahi
- Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yodit Oheb
- Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Khorasani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa M. Amoli
- Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Wang P, Li K, Fan Y, Zhang H, Zhang Y, Liu Z, Li W, Han H, Gao Y, Liu J, Liu Y. Association analysis and expression level of ace polymorphisms with egg-laying trait in Taihang chicken. Poult Sci 2022; 101:102163. [PMID: 36163094 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of egg-laying is an important indicator of reproduction performance in poultry breeding. To investigate the relationship between the function of Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and egg-laying performance of Taihang chicken, the mRNA and protein expression and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of ACE were detected. Analysis of ACE bioinformatics and association analysis of polymorphisms were then performed. The polymorphisms analysis of ACE showed that three SNP loci (g.5066812A>C, g.5080076G>A, and g.5072728A>G) were detected in 800 Taihang chickens with egg-laying records. Association analysis of egg-laying found that ACE g.5066812A>C mutation was significantly associated with the egg-laying performance of Taihang chickens (P < 0.05), and the individuals with the g.5066812A>C mutation showed significantly increasing egg-laying. The mRNA expression was significantly higher in individuals with the AA genotype mutation than those with the AC and CC genotypes (P < 0.01), and the expression of ACE protein levels was consistent with the mRNA expression. Bioinformatics analysis indicated that these mutations affected the secondary and tertiary structure of ACE. This study provides new insights into ACE affecting chicken egg production and some basis for improving the egg production rate of Taihang chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056021, China
| | - Kaiyang Li
- Beijing General Station of Animal Husbandry, Beijing 100107, China
| | - Yekai Fan
- College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056021, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056021, China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056021, China
| | - Ziyi Liu
- College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056021, China
| | - Wentao Li
- College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056021, China
| | - Haiyin Han
- College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056021, China
| | - Yahui Gao
- College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056021, China
| | - Jiannan Liu
- School of Landscape and Ecological Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056021, China
| | - Yufang Liu
- College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056021, China.
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Liu Y, Hao H, Lan T, Jia R, Cao M, Zhou L, Zhao Z, Pan W. Physiological and pathological roles of Ang II and Ang- (1-7) in the female reproductive system. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1080285. [PMID: 36619582 PMCID: PMC9817105 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1080285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The local Renin-Angiotensin System (RAS) has been demonstrated to exist in a wide range of tissues and organs, In the female reproductive system, it is mainly found in the ovary, uterus and placenta. The RAS system is made up of a series of active substances and enzymes, in addition to the circulating endocrine renin-angiotensin system. The active peptides Angiotensin II (Ang II) and Angiotensin (1-7) (Ang-(1-7)), in particular, appear to have distinct activities in the local RAS system, which also controls blood pressure and electrolytes. Therefore, in addition to these features, angiotensin and its receptors in the reproductive system seemingly get involved in reproductive processes, such as follicle growth and development, as well as physiological functions of the placenta and uterus. In addition, changes in local RAS components may induce reproductive diseases as well as pathological states such as cancer. In most tissues, Ang II and Ang- (1-7) seem to maintain antagonistic effects, but this conclusion is not always true in the reproductive system, where they play similar functions in some physiological and pathological roles. This review investigated how Ang II, Ang- (1-7) and their receptors were expressed, localized, and active in the female reproductive system. This review also summarized their effects on follicle development, uterine and placental physiological functions. The changes of local RAS components in a series of reproductive system diseases including infertility related diseases and cancer and their influence on the occurrence and development of diseases were elucidated. This article reviews the physiological and pathological roles of Ang II and Ang- (1-7) in female reproductive system,a very intricate system of tissue factors that operate as agonists and antagonists was found. Besides, the development of novel therapeutic strategies targeting components of this system may be a research direction in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Liu
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Haomeng Hao
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Tingting Lan
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Rui Jia
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Reproductive Immunology for Peri-Implantation, Shenzhen Zhongshan Institute for Reproduction and Genetics, Shenzhen Zhongshan Urology Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Mingya Cao
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Liang Zhou
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zhiming Zhao
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- *Correspondence: Wensen Pan, ; Zhiming Zhao,
| | - Wensen Pan
- Second Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- *Correspondence: Wensen Pan, ; Zhiming Zhao,
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Chen C, Wang WF, Yang GL, Guo C. Association Between Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Gene I/D Polymorphism and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Susceptibility: a Meta-analysis. Reprod Sci 2021; 29:2536-2545. [PMID: 34773203 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-021-00786-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Rec ent studies have suggested a closer association between angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene polymorphisms and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) risk, but the results were inconsistent. We conducted this meta-analysis to explore the precise associations between ACE gene I/D polymorphism and PCOS risk. Online electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, SCI index, CNKI, and Wanfang) were searched. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence interval (CIs) were calculated to assess the association between ACE gene I/D polymorphism and PCOS risk. In addition, heterogeneity, accumulative/sensitivity analysis, and publication bias were conducted to check the statistical power. Overall, 12 published case-control studies with 2248 patients and 1759 controls were included according to the criteria. Significant increased risk was found for PCOS susceptibility with I/D mutation (D vs. I: OR = 1.62, 95%CI = 1.24-2.11, P < 0.01, I2 = 86.1%; DD vs. II: OR = 2.10, 95%CI = 1.35-3.27, P < 0.01, I2 = 79.8%; ID + DD vs. II: OR = 1.57, 95%CI = 1.06-2.32, P = 0.02, I2 = 79.3%; DD vs. II + ID: OR = 1.91, 95%CI = 1.39-2.65, P < 0.01, I2 = 79.1%). Furthermore, some similar associations were also observed in subgroups. In summary, the current evidences indicated that ACE gene I/D polymorphism plays an important role in PCOS development, both in Asian and Caucasian descendants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Chen
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Zaozhuang Municipal Hospital, Zaozhuang, 277102, Shandong Province, China
| | - Wan-Fen Wang
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, 32 South Renmin Road, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei Province, China
- Archive Office, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Gong-Li Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Chong Guo
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Zaozhuang Municipal Hospital, Zaozhuang, 277102, Shandong Province, China.
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, 32 South Renmin Road, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei Province, China.
- Archive Office, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei Province, China.
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Ramanathan B, Murugan J, Velayutham K. Pilot study on evaluation and determination of the prevalence of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) associated gene markers in the South Indian population. Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2021; 25:551-558. [PMID: 35355907 PMCID: PMC8959196 DOI: 10.4103/ijem.ijem_340_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is typically characterized by a spectrum of manifestations that include menstrual irregularities, anovulation, cysts, hyperandrogenic features like hirsutism, acne, alopecia, and various metabolic complications. The pathology of PCOS is complex and several mechanisms have been potentially involved in the genetic abnormalities/dysfunctions. Hence, the present study aims to examine the prevalence and association of polymorphisms in candidate genes (thyroid adenoma-associated gene [THADA], luteinizing hormone and human chorionic gonadotropin receptor [LHCGR], DENN domain containing 1A [DENND1A], follicle-stimulating hormone receptor [FSHR], Connexin37 [CX37], angiotensin-converting enzyme [ACE], insulin receptor [INSR] and calpain 10 [CAPN10]) in PCOS patients of the South Indian regional population. METHODS The study group included 20 PCOS cases and 10 controls, whose deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) were genotyped by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), and PCR product sequencing to determine the prevalence of the DENND1A (rs10818854), LHCGR (rs13405728), FSHR (rs2349415), THADA (rs13429458), CX37 (rs1764391), ACE (rs1799752), INSR (rs1799817), and CAPN10 (rs2975760) polymorphisms. Clinical examinations including anthropometric measurements, biochemical investigations relevant to glucose metabolism, and hormones were measured. RESULTS A significant difference was observed in the DENND1A (rs10818854) polymorphism between the control and PCOS patients (P = 0.001). The variants of LHCGR, FSHR, THADA, CX37, ACE, INSR, and CAPN10 were not statistically significant with PCOS. The body mass index (BMI) (P = 0.01), triglycerides (P = 0.01), and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) (P = 0.05) were significantly different between the PCOS patients and controls. Significant results were observed in rs1799817 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of INSR with elevated levels of triglycerides and rs10818854 of DENND1A, rs13429458 of THADA, rs2349415 of FSHR with the high levels of DHEAS. CONCLUSION In the study population, the presence of rs10818854 of DENND1A polymorphism may be associated with the risk of PCOS and high levels of DHEAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balaji Ramanathan
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Alpha Health Foundation, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jeyasudha Murugan
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Alpha Health Foundation, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kumaravel Velayutham
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Alpha Health Foundation, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Chaudhary H, Patel J, Jain NK, Joshi R. The role of polymorphism in various potential genes on polycystic ovary syndrome susceptibility and pathogenesis. J Ovarian Res 2021; 14:125. [PMID: 34563259 PMCID: PMC8466925 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-021-00879-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrinopathies affecting the early reproductive age in women, whose pathophysiology perplexes many researchers till today. This syndrome is classically categorized by hyperandrogenism and/or hyperandrogenemia, menstrual and ovulatory dysfunction, bulky multi follicular ovaries on Ultrasonography (USG), and metabolic abnormalities such as hyperinsulinemia, dyslipidemia, obesity. The etiopathogenesis of PCOS is not fully elucidated, but it seems that the hypothalamus-pituitary-ovarian axis, ovarian, and/or adrenal androgen secretion may contribute to developing the syndrome. Infertility and poor reproductive health in women's lives are highly associated with elevated levels of androgens. Studies with ovarian theca cells taken from PCOS women have demonstrated increased androgen production due to augmented ovarian steroidogenesis attributed to mainly altered expression of critical enzymes (Cytochrome P450 enzymes: CYP17, CYP21, CYP19, CYP11A) in the steroid hormone biosynthesis pathway. Despite the heterogeneity of PCOS, candidate gene studies are the widely used technique to delineate the genetic variants and analyze for the correlation of androgen biosynthesis pathway and those affecting the secretion or action of insulin with PCOS etiology. Linkage and association studies have predicted the relationship between genetic variants and PCOS risk among families or populations. Several genes have been proposed as playing a role in the etiopathogenesis of PCOS, and the presence of mutations and/or polymorphisms has been discovered, which suggests that PCOS has a vital heritable component. The following review summarizes the influence of polymorphisms in crucial genes of the steroidogenesis pathway leading to intraovarian hyperandrogenism which can result in PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiral Chaudhary
- Department of Biochemistry and Forensic Science, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380009 India
| | - Jalpa Patel
- Department of Biochemistry and Forensic Science, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380009 India
| | - Nayan K. Jain
- Department of Life Science, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380009 India
| | - Rushikesh Joshi
- Department of Biochemistry and Forensic Science, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380009 India
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Nazeer K, Munawar Lone N, Sadique S, Sultan S, Zia Eupash A, Riaz S. Association of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme gene polymorphism in Pakistani women with the atypical steroidogenesis in Polycystic ovarian syndrome: A case-control study. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:3483-3489. [PMID: 34121888 PMCID: PMC8176000 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Polymorphism in the angiotensin-converting enzyme gene (ACE) is responsible for elevated ACE concentrations in plasma. High ACE levels induce insulin resistance and hyperandrogenism, which are the main attributes of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Therefore, it was hypothesized that I/D polymorphism plays a role in the pathogenesis of PCOS. Objective A case-control study was designed to investigate the association of I/D polymorphism of the ACE gene with PCOS in Pakistani women of reproductive age. Methods ACE I/D polymorphism was assessed in 252 women of age group 16–40 years. For genotypic analysis, PCR amplification of genomic DNA was carried out. Statistical analysis was performed to interpret the results using SPSS software. Results Our study showed that PCOS women were more likely to have a high body mass index and waist circumferences. Most PCOS patients had menstrual irregularities 99.3%, hirsutism 75.2% and cysts in ovaries 66.6%, along with other hyperandrogenic conditions (P-value = 0.001). The genotypic and allelic frequencies were significantly different between patients and controls. There was a significant association of three genotypes with the ratio of LH: FSH among PCOS patients (P = 0.05). Anthropometric characters, comorbidities, clinical symptoms, and PCOS conditions showed no statistical significance with ACE polymorphism. Conclusions ACE I/D polymorphism was not found associated with clinical conditions of PCOS in women of reproductive age. However, it was associated with atypical steroidogenesis. So, it indicates that ACE I/D polymorphism aggravates the pathogenesis of PCOS.
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Key Words
- A-II, Angiotensin-II
- ACE, Angiotensin-converting enzyme
- BMI, Body mass index
- CVD, Cardiovascular diseases
- Ca, Calcium
- EDTA, Ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid
- FSH, Follicular stimulating hormone
- Gene polymorphism
- HWE, Hardy-weinberg equilibrium
- Hyperandrogenism
- IR:Insulin resistanceRAS, Renin-Angiotensin System
- LH, Leutinizing hormone
- LH: FSH ratio
- PCO, Polycystic ovarian syndrome
- PCR, Polymerase chain reaction
- Polycystic ovarian syndrome
- ROS, Reactive oxygen specie
- Renin-angiotensin system
- SPSS, Statistical Package for Social Sciences
- Vit, Vitamin
- WC, Waist circumference
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Nazeer
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Nasira Munawar Lone
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Shumaila Sadique
- Gynecology Unit: 2, Jinnah Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan.,Sana Medical Complex, Esmat Muslim Street, Near hajj and awqaf directorate shahr-e- new Kabul, Afghanistan
| | - Sikandar Sultan
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Amna Zia Eupash
- LadyWilingdon, Hospital Ravi Road Walled City Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Saba Riaz
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.,Citilab and Research Centre, Faisal Town Lahore, Pakistan
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Involvement of ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/MAS1 Axis in the Regulation of Ovarian Function in Mammals. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21134572. [PMID: 32604999 PMCID: PMC7369927 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to the classic, endocrine renin-angiotensin system, local renin-angiotensin system (RAS) has been documented in many tissues and organs, including the ovaries. The localization and functional activity of the two opposing axes of the system, viz. ACE1/Ang II/AT1 and ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/MAS1, differs between animal species and varied according to the stage of follicle development. It appears that the angiotensin peptides and their receptors participate in reproductive processes such as folliculogenesis, steroidogenesis, oocyte maturation, and ovulation. In addition, changes in the constituent compounds of local RAS may contribute to pathological conditions, such as polycystic ovary syndrome, ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, and ovarian cancer. This review article examines the expression, localization, metabolism, and activity of individual elements of the ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/MAS1 axis in the ovaries of various animal species. The manuscript also presents the relationship between the secretion of gonadotropins and sex hormones and expression of Ang-(1-7) and MAS1 receptors. It also summarizes current knowledge regarding the positive and negative impact of ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/MAS1 axis on ovarian function.
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Ożegowska K, Bartkowiak-Wieczorek J, Bogacz A, Seremak-Mrozikiewicz A, Duleba AJ, Pawelczyk L. Relationship between adipocytokines and angiotensin converting enzyme gene insertion/deletion polymorphism in lean women with and without polycystic ovary syndrome. Gynecol Endocrinol 2020; 36:496-500. [PMID: 31814467 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2019.1695248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the relationship between the levels of select adipocytokines (adiponectin, visfatin and apelin) and angiotensin in converting enzyme (ACE) gene insertion/deletion (ID) polymorphism in lean women with and without polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The PCOS group (N = 94) was identified according to the Rotterdam criteria. The Control group (N = 68) included age- and body mass index (BMI)-matched healthy volunteers. Serum levels of adipocytokines were measured using enzyme immunoassays (EIA) and ACE genes were evaluated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The PCOS group, when compared to the Control group had lower adiponectin (p < .001) but higher visfatin (p < .001) and apelin (p = .003). There was no significant correlation of the levels of these adipocytokines with BMI, fasting glucose, fasting insulin or Homeostasis Model Assessment-Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR). The PCOS and the Control groups also differed with regard to the ACE ID genotype distribution (p < .001). The ID, DD, and II genotype frequencies were, respectively, 34, 57 and 9% in the PCOS group and 49, 22 and 29% in the Control group. When stratified according to individual ID genotypes, the levels of adipocytokines in the PCOS and the Control groups remained significantly different. There was no statistically significant relationship between the levels of adipocytokines and ACE ID genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Ożegowska
- Department of Infertility and Reproductive Endocrinology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Joanna Bartkowiak-Wieczorek
- Department of Pharmacology and Phytochemistry, Institute of Natural Fibers and Medicinal Plants, Poznan, Poland
- Laboratory of Experimental Pharmacogenetics, Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Biopharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Anna Bogacz
- Department of Pharmacology and Phytochemistry, Institute of Natural Fibers and Medicinal Plants, Poznan, Poland
- Laboratory of Experimental Pharmacogenetics, Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Biopharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Seremak-Mrozikiewicz
- Division of Perinatology and Women's Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Antoni J Duleba
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Reproductive Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Leszek Pawelczyk
- Department of Infertility and Reproductive Endocrinology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
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Association between ACE gene I/D polymorphism and knee osteoarthritis in a Chinese population. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20181713. [PMID: 30765613 PMCID: PMC6390131 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20181713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease characterized by joint destruction with cartilage loss and occasional gross derangement of joint integrity. In recent years, several studies have reported the association between angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism and knee OA. However, the results were conflicting. To determine the association between ACE gene I/D polymorphism and knee OA, we conducted a hospital-based case–control study with 282 knee OA cases and 316 controls to investigate the association between ACE gene I/D polymorphism and knee OA susceptibility in a Chinese Han population. The present study found that DD genotype or D allele carriers of ACE gene I/D polymorphism increased the risk of knee OA. Stratification analyses of sex, age, and body mass index (BMI) showed significant associations amongst the groups of females, ≥55 years, and abnormal BMI. In addition, the present study made analysis between ACE I/D polymorphism and some clinical features of OA, and found DD genotype of I/D polymorphism was associated with arthralgia. Furthermore, we undertook a meta-analysis together with the present study between this single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and knee OA risk. This meta-analysis found that ACE gene I/D polymorphism was associated with increased risk for OA. Stratification analysis of ethnicity in this meta-analysis indicated that I/D polymorphism increased the risk of knee OA amongst the Asians and Caucasians. In conclusion, this case–control study and meta-analysis suggest that ACE gene I/D polymorphism is associated with increased risk for knee OA.
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Ożegowska K, Bogacz A, Bartkowiak-Wieczorek J, Seremak-Mrozikiewicz A, Pawelczyk L. Association between the angiotensin converting enzyme gene insertion/deletion polymorphism and metabolic disturbances in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:5401-5407. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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12
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Association between ACE I/D polymorphism and pulmonary tuberculosis in Chinese population. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 41:3187-9. [PMID: 24573999 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-014-3178-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2014] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a global public health problem worldwide. The objective of the current study is to investigate the possible association of ACE I/D polymorphism with pulmonary TB (PTB) for Chinese in Sichuan province. Three hundred eighty-six PTB patients and 398 healthy controls were genotyped to analyze the I/D polymorphism using PCR method. The results showed that the I/D polymorphism was not associated with susceptibility to PTB for Chinese (D vs. I: OR 1.03, 95% CI 0.84-1.26, and P=0.77; DD vs. II+DI: OR 1.09, 95% CI 0.73-1.63, and P=0.68; DD+DI vs. II: OR 1.00, 95% CI 0.74-1.33, and P=0.98). The I/D polymorphism in the ACE gene may not a risk factor for PTB in Chinese.
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Pan PP, Zhan QT, Le F, Zheng YM, Jin F. Angiotensin-converting enzymes play a dominant role in fertility. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:21071-86. [PMID: 24152441 PMCID: PMC3821659 DOI: 10.3390/ijms141021071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2013] [Revised: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
According to the World Health Organization, infertility, associated with metabolic syndrome, has become a global issue with a 10%-20% incidence worldwide. An accumulating body of evidence has shown that the renin-angiotensin system is involved in the fertility problems observed in some populations. Moreover, alterations in the expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme-1, angiotensin-converting enzyme-2, and angiotensin-converting enzyme-3 might be one of the most important mechanisms underlying both female and male infertility. However, as a pseudogene in humans, further studies are needed to explore whether the abnormal angiotensin-converting enzyme-3 gene could result in the problems of human reproduction. In this review, the relationship between angiotensin-converting enzymes and fertile ability is summarized, and a new procedure for the treatment of infertility is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Pei Pan
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 1 Xueshi Road, Hangzhou 310006, China; E-Mails: (P.-P.P.); (Q.-T.Z.); (F.L.); (Y.-M.Z.)
| | - Qi-Tao Zhan
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 1 Xueshi Road, Hangzhou 310006, China; E-Mails: (P.-P.P.); (Q.-T.Z.); (F.L.); (Y.-M.Z.)
| | - Fang Le
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 1 Xueshi Road, Hangzhou 310006, China; E-Mails: (P.-P.P.); (Q.-T.Z.); (F.L.); (Y.-M.Z.)
| | - Ying-Ming Zheng
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 1 Xueshi Road, Hangzhou 310006, China; E-Mails: (P.-P.P.); (Q.-T.Z.); (F.L.); (Y.-M.Z.)
| | - Fan Jin
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 1 Xueshi Road, Hangzhou 310006, China; E-Mails: (P.-P.P.); (Q.-T.Z.); (F.L.); (Y.-M.Z.)
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14
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Association between polymorphisms in renin-angiotensin system genes and primary ovarian insufficiency in Korean women. Menopause 2013; 20:561-7. [DOI: 10.1097/gme.0b013e3182733921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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15
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Deepika MLN, Reddy KR, Rani VU, Balakrishna N, Latha KP, Jahan P. Do ACE I/D gene polymorphism serve as a predictive marker for age at onset in PCOS? J Assist Reprod Genet 2012; 30:125-30. [PMID: 23232975 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-012-9906-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2012] [Accepted: 11/25/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine disorder exhibiting variable age at onset of clinical features allied with complex diseases in the later life. ACE is a pleiotropic molecule associated with various pathophysiological functions. The present study was aimed to establish the frequency of ACE I/D gene polymorphism in patients and controls and to assess the influence of this polymorphism on anthropometric and various clinical features of the condition. METHODS ACE I/D genotyping was carried out in 259 PCOS patients and 315 healthy ultrasound scanned women of South Indian origin. RESULTS The distribution of DD, ID and II genotypes in patients was 39, 37 and 24 %, whereas in the controls it was 31, 51 and 18 % respectively. Significant difference was observed in the genotypic frequency distributions between the patients and controls, however the allelic frequencies did not vary between the groups (p>0.05). Quartile analysis revealed preponderance of DD genotype in the first two quartiles and a linear increase of II genotype from first to the last quartiles. Further, Multiple Logistic regression analysis revealed significant association of ACE I/D gene polymorphism with acanthosis and age at onset (AAO) of the syndrome (p<0.05). CONCLUSION The present study is the first report to highlight the predisposing role of DD and protective role of ID genotype towards PCOS. Patients with single or double dose of D allele may develop PCOS symptoms at an early age and also significantly associated with acanthosis, a marker of insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L N Deepika
- Department of Genetics, Osmania University, Hyderabad, 500 007, Andhra Pradesh, India.
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16
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Jia H, Wang B, Yu L, Jiang Z. Association of angiotensin-converting enzyme gene insertion/deletion polymorphism with polycystic ovary syndrome: a meta-analysis. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2012; 14:255-62. [PMID: 22791704 DOI: 10.1177/1470320312452768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Jia
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The General Hospital of Jinan Military Command, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Health Care, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, China
| | - Lili Yu
- Department of Information Technology, The General Hospital of Jinan Military Command, China
| | - Zhaoshun Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The General Hospital of Jinan Military Command, China
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17
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Koika V, Georgopoulos NA, Piouka A, Roupas ND, Karela A, Armeni AK, Katsantoni E, Panidis D. Increased frequency of the DI genotype of the angiotensin-I converting enzyme and association of the II genotype with insulin resistance in polycystic ovary syndrome. Eur J Endocrinol 2012; 166:695-702. [PMID: 22223701 DOI: 10.1530/eje-11-0894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common and complex disease with unclear pattern of inheritance, characterized by an androgen excess, while hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance (IR) are common features of the syndrome. The angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) insertion (I)/deletion (D) gene polymorphism was proved to be involved in many pathophysiological conditions, including hypertension and IR. DESIGN The purpose of this study was to evaluate the involvement of the ACE gene polymorphism in the pathogenesis of PCOS. METHODS In a case-control association study involving 801 PCOS women and 266 healthy controls, hormonal determinations and ACE polymorphism genotyping were performed. The PCOS women were classified into three groups: Group A presented biochemical hyperandrogenism, combined with anovulation and polycystic ovarian morphology; Group B, clinical hyperandrogenism combined with anovulation and polycystic ovarian morphology; and Group C, chronic anovulation and polycystic ovarian morphology. RESULTS A significant increase in the frequency of the DI genotype of the ACE polymorphism was detected in PCOS women as a whole (P=0.035), in PCOS Group A (P=0.039) and Group B (P=0.010), while there was no difference in Group C (P=0.939). Significant difference was also observed in hyperandrogenic PCOS women as a whole (Group A+B) (P=0.017). The II genotype was positively correlated with HOMA-IR and QUICKI and with fasting insulin and glucose/insulin ratio in these groups. CONCLUSIONS The association study of the ACE I/D polymorphism in PCOS women demonstrates an increase in the DI genotype incidence and an association of the II genotype with IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Koika
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Patras Medical School, University Hospital, Patras, Greece
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18
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Li ZH, Pan XM, Han BW, Han HB, Zhang Z, Gao LB. No association between ACE polymorphism and risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2011; 13:210-5. [PMID: 22064901 DOI: 10.1177/1470320311426168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence has shown that angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) plays pivotal roles not only in the regulation of cardiovascular homeostasis but also in the process of tumorigenesis. A common ACE I/D polymorphism has been found to be functional, with the D allele displaying a higher plasma ACE level and ACE activity. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the ACE I/D polymorphism was related to the risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). The study included 175 patients with NPC and 279 age- and sex-matched control subjects. The ACE I/D polymorphism was identified by a polymerase chain reaction analysis. No association was found between the ACE I/D polymorphism and risk of NPC (ID vs. II: odds ratio [OR] = 0.77, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.51-1.17; DD vs. II: OR = 0.98, 95%CI 0.56-1.72, respectively). This finding indicates that the ACE I/D polymorphism may not play a role in susceptibility to NPC. Further studies are warranted to confirm this finding, especially in ethnically disparate populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Hui Li
- Secondary Department of General Surgery, Luo Yang Central Hospital, PR China
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19
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Bayram B, Kılıççı C, Onlü H, Ozkurt M, Erkasap N, Yıldırım E, Sahin F. Association of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene I/D polymorphism and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Gene 2011; 489:86-8. [PMID: 21939743 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2011.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2011] [Revised: 07/08/2011] [Accepted: 08/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted in Turkish patients with polycystic ovary syndrome to determine the frequency of I/D polymorphism genotypes of angiotensin converting enzyme gene, and to examine the role of this polymorphism in polycystic ovary syndrome development. Genomic DNA obtained from 200 persons (100 patients with polycystic ovary syndrome and 100 healthy controls) was used in the study. DNA was multiplied by polymerase chain reaction using I and D allele-specific primers. Polymerase chain reaction products were assessed with a charge coupled device (CCD) camera by being exposed to 2% agarose gel electrophoresis. There was statistically significant difference between the groups with respect to genotype distribution (p<0.001). The D allele frequency was indicated as 68% and I allele was as 32% in the patients, whereas it was 51.5-48.5% respectively in the control group. As a result of our study we may assert that angiotensin converting enzyme gene I/D polymorphism DD genotype should be considered as a genetic marker in polycystic ovary syndrome development in this Turkish study population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banu Bayram
- Muş Alparslan University, Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of Biology, Turkey.
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20
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Bayram B, Sayın E, Güneş HV, Değirmenci I, Türkoğlu Z, Doganer F, Coşan DT. DD genotype of ace gene I/D polymorphism is associated in a Turkish study population with osteoarthritis. Mol Biol Rep 2010; 38:1713-6. [PMID: 20845076 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-010-0284-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2010] [Accepted: 09/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted in Turkish osteoarthritis patients to determine the frequency of I/D polymorphism genotypes of angiotensin converting enzyme gene, and to examine the role of this polymorphism in osteoarthritis development. Genomic DNA obtained from 200 persons (135 patients with osteoarthritis and 65 healthy controls) was used in the study. DNA was multiplied by polymerase chain reaction using I and D allele-specific primers. Polymerase chain reaction products were assessed with CCD camera by being exposed to 2% agarose gel electrophoresis. There was statistically significant difference between the groups with respect to genotype distribution (P < 0.001). The D allele frequency was indicated as 69% and I allele was as 31% in the patients, whereas it was 55-45% in the control group. Consequently, in this study, we may assert that ACE gene I/D polymorphism DD genotype determination is significant criteria for identifying patients who are likely to develop osteoarthritis in east population of Turkey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banu Bayram
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Science, Muş Alparslan University, İstasyon Street, 49100 Muş, Turkey.
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Karabulut A, Turgut S, Turgut G. Angiotensin converting enzyme gene insertion/deletion polymorphism in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. Gynecol Endocrinol 2010; 26:393-8. [PMID: 20170341 DOI: 10.3109/09513591003632167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to investigate the relevance of polymorphism in angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism to the pathophysiology of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). SUBJECTS AND METHODS Thirty patients with PCOS by Rotterdam consensus criteria and 33 control subjects were prospectively investigated. ACE gene amplification of DNA was performed by polymerase chain reaction. Homeostatic model assessment (HOMA-IR) was applied. RESULTS Compared to controls, ACE gene DD genotype and D allele were observed more frequently in PCOS (63% vs. 46% for DD genotype and 75% vs. 67% for D allele) (p > 0.05). Body mass index, fasting glucose and insulin levels, HOMA-IR index and total testosterone levels were higher in PCOS group (p < 0.05). The frequencies of D and I alleles were 45 (75%) and 15 (25%) for PCOS group and 44 (67%) and 22 (33%) for control group (p > 0.05). No significant differences were observed in the genotype and allele distributions between cases and control groups. HOMA-IR index was significantly higher in patients with PCOS with DD genotype than those with II genotype (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The ACE gene polymorphism was not associated with PCOS. However, the presence of D allele was associated with higher rate of insulin resistance in patients with PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysun Karabulut
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Denizli State Hospital, Denizli, Turkey.
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Gard PR. Implications of the angiotensin converting enzyme gene insertion/deletion polymorphism in health and disease: a snapshot review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND GENETICS 2010; 1:145-57. [PMID: 21537387 PMCID: PMC3076761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2009] [Accepted: 03/16/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
This review considers the 250+ papers concerning the association of the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene insertion/deletion polymorphism (rs1799752) and various disease conditions published in 2009. The deletion allele occurs in approximately 55% of the population and is associated with increased activity of the ACE enzyme. It might be predicted that the D allele, therefore, might be associated with pathologies involving increased activity of the renin-angiotensin system. The D allele was seen to be associated with an increased risk of hypertension, pre-eclampsia, heart failure, cerebral infarct, diabetic nephropathy, encephalopathy, asthma, severe hypoglycaemia in diabetes, gastric cancer (in Caucasians) and poor prognosis following kidney transplant. On the positive side, the D allele appears to offer protection against schizophrenia and chronic periodontitis and confers greater up-per-body strength in old age. The I allele, meanwhile, offers improved endurance/athletic performance and aerobic capacity as determined by lung function tests, although it does increase the risk of oral squamous cell carcinoma and obstructive sleep apnoea in hypertensives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul R Gard
- Centre for Biomedical and Health Sciences Research, University of Brighton Moulsecoomb, BRIGHTON BN2 4GJ UK
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Celik O, Yesilada E, Hascalik S, Celik N, Sahin I, Keskin L, Ozerol E. Angiotensin-converting enzyme gene polymorphism and risk of insulin resistance in PCOS. Reprod Biomed Online 2009; 20:492-8. [PMID: 20138007 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2009.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2009] [Revised: 08/26/2009] [Accepted: 11/30/2009] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to establish the frequency of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) insertion (I) or deletion (D) gene polymorphism in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and to examine the association of this polymorphism with insulin resistance. A total of 32 women with PCOS and 31 healthy, age- and body mass index-matched controls were studied. Serum lipids, fasting glucose, insulin and other hormones concentrations were measured. Homeostasis model assessment was used to estimate insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). DNA was extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes and genotyping of ACE I/D polymorphism was carried out by polymerase chain reaction. ACE genotypes were distributed as follows: DD was present in 16 (50%), ID in 12 (37.5%) and II in four (12.5%) PCOS patients, and DD in seven (22.6%), ID in 20 (64.5%) and II in four (12.9%) of healthy subjects. The frequency of D and I alleles were found in 69% and 31% of the PCOS group and 55% and 45% in the control group, respectively. There were no significant differences regarding the genotypic distribution and allelic frequency between the groups. However the ACE DD genotype was significantly associated with serum insulin concentrations and HOMA-IR measurement (both P=0.005). ACE DD genotype is associated with an increased insulin resistance in women with PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onder Celik
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty, Turgut Ozal Medical Center, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
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