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Garcia-Quiñones JA, Sánchez-Domínguez CN, Serna-Rodríguez MF, Marino-Martínez IA, Rivas-Estilla AM, Pérez-Maya AA. Genetic Variants Associated with Suicide Risk in the Mexican Population: A Systematic Literature Review. Arch Suicide Res 2024; 28:71-89. [PMID: 36772904 DOI: 10.1080/13811118.2023.2176269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Suicide is defined as the action of harming oneself with the intention of dying. It is estimated that worldwide, one person dies by suicide every 40 s, making it a major health problem. Studies in families have suggested that suicide has a genetic component, so the search for genetic variants associated with suicidal behavior could be useful as potential biomarkers to identify people at risk of suicide. In Mexico, some studies of gene variants related to neurotransmission and other important pathways have been carried out and potential association of variants located in the following genes has been suggested: SLC6A4, SAT-1, TPH-2, ANKK1, GSHR, SCARA50, RGS10, STK33, COMT, and FKBP5. This systematic review shows the genetic studies conducted on the Mexican population. This article contributes by compiling the existing information on genetic variants and genes associated with suicidal behavior, in the future could be used as potential biomarkers to identify people at risk of suicide.
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Genis-Mendoza AD, Hernández-Díaz Y, González-Castro TB, Tovilla-Zárate CA, Castillo-Avila RG, López-Narváez ML, Ramos-Méndez MÁ, Nicolini H. Association between TPH1 polymorphisms and the risk of suicide behavior: An updated meta-analysis of 18,398 individuals. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:932135. [PMID: 35928776 PMCID: PMC9343722 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.932135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to examine the association of TPH1 polymorphisms with the risk of suicide behavior (SB). DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis. METHOD All relevant studies that evaluated the association between the A218C (rs1800532), A779C (rs1799913) and A6526G (rs4537731) polymorphisms and the susceptibility to SB published up to September 2021 were identified through a comprehensive systematic search in PubMed, Scopus, EBSCO and Science Direct electronic databases. The association between TPH1 gene polymorphisms and SB was evaluated using inherence models by odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Subgroup analyses, heterogeneity analyses, and publication bias were also tested in this meta-analysis. RESULTS The meta-analysis for TPH1 A218C revealed an increased risk of SB in the dominant model (OR = 1.11, 95%CI 1.01-1.22). We also observed a positive association in the allelic (OR = 1.13, 95%CI 1.05-1.21), homozygous (OR = 1.22, 95%CI 1.06-1.40), heterozygous (OR = 1.21, 95%CI 1.08-1.37) and dominant (OR = 1.21, 95%CI 1.09-1.34) inherence models with the suicide attempt. Additionally, in the heterozygous (OR = 0.84, 95%CI 0.73-0.97) and dominant (OR = 0.79, 95%CI 0.68-0.91) inherence models we detected an association with completed suicide. Based on ethnicity, an association of SB in the European population also was observed (OR = 1.29, 95%CI 1.12-1.51). However, for both A779C and A6526G polymorphisms we did not find evidence of an association with SB. CONCLUSION This meta-analysis suggests that the A218C polymorphism of TPH1 gene could be a possible risk factor of SB. Future large-scale studies are required to analyze the molecular mechanisms by which affect the susceptibility of developing suicide behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alma Delia Genis-Mendoza
- Laboratorio de Genómica de Enfermedades Psiquiátricas y Neurodegenerativas, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Yazmín Hernández-Díaz
- División Académica Multidisciplinaria de Jalpa de Méndez, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Jalpa de Méndez, Mexico
| | - Thelma Beatriz González-Castro
- División Académica Multidisciplinaria de Jalpa de Méndez, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Jalpa de Méndez, Mexico
| | | | | | | | - Miguel Ángel Ramos-Méndez
- División Académica de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Villahermosa, Mexico
| | - Humberto Nicolini
- Laboratorio de Genómica de Enfermedades Psiquiátricas y Neurodegenerativas, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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Wu KK. Control of Tissue Fibrosis by 5-Methoxytryptophan, an Innate Anti-Inflammatory Metabolite. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:759199. [PMID: 34858185 PMCID: PMC8632247 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.759199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue fibrosis causes debilitating human diseases such as liver cirrhosis, heart failure, chronic kidney disease and pulmonary insufficiency. It is a dynamic process orchestrated by specific subsets of monocyte-macrophages, fibroblasts, pericytes and hepatic stellate cells. Fibrosis is linked to tissue inflammation. Pro-inflammatory macrophages promote fibrosis by driving myofibroblast differentiation and macrophage myofibroblast transition. Myofibroblasts express α-smooth muscle cell actin (α-SMA) and secrete extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins notably collagen I and III. Deposition of ECM proteins at injury sites and interstitial tissues distorts normal structure and impairs vital functions. Despite advances in the mechanisms of fibrosis at cellular, molecular and genetic levels, prevention and treatment of fibrotic diseases remain poorly developed. Recent reports suggest that 5-methoxytryptophan (5-MTP) is effective in attenuating injury-induced liver, kidney, cardiac and pulmonary fibrosis. It inhibits macrophage activation and blocks fibroblast differentiation to myofibroblasts. Furthermore, it inhibits hepatic stellate cell differentiation into myofibroblasts. As 5-MTP is an endogenous molecule derived from tryptophan catabolism via tryptophan hydroxylase pathway, it is well-suited as a lead compound for developing new anti-fibrotic drugs. This article provides an overview of 5-MTP synthesis, and a critical review of its anti-fibrotic activities. Its mechanisms of actions and potential therapeutic value will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth K Wu
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan.,Institute of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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Alam N, Ali S, Akbar N, Ilyas M, Ahmed H, Mustafa A, Khurram S, Sajid Z, Ullah N, Qayyum S, Rahim T, Usman MS, Ali N, Khan I, Pervez K, Sumaira B, Ali N, Sultana N, Tanoli AY, Islam M. Association study of six candidate genes with major depressive disorder in the North-Western population of Pakistan. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248454. [PMID: 34411117 PMCID: PMC8376078 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
People around the world are currently affected by Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). Despite its many aspects, symptoms, manifestations and impacts, efforts have been made to identify the root causes of the disorder. In particular, genetic studies have concentrated on identifying candidate genes for MDD and exploring associations between these genes and some specific group of individuals. The aim of this research was to find out the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms in 6 candidate genes linked to the neurobiology of major depressive disorder in the North-Western population of Pakistan. We performed a case-control analysis, with 400 MDD and 232 controls. A trained psychiatrist or clinical psychologists evaluated the patients. Six polymorphisms were genotyped and tested for allele and genotype association with MDD. There were no statistical variations between MDD patients and healthy controls for genotypic and allelic distribution of all the polymorphisms observed. Thus, our analysis does not support the major role of these polymorphisms in contributing to MDD susceptibility, although it does not preclude minor impact. The statistically significant correlation between six polymorphisms and major depressive disorder in the studied population was not observed. There are inconsistencies in investigations around the world. Future research, including GWAS and association analysis on larger scale should be addressed for further validation and replication of the present findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naqash Alam
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Sadiq Ali
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Nazia Akbar
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
- * E-mail:
| | - Muhammad Ilyas
- Centre for Omic Sciences, Islamia College University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Habib Ahmed
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Arooj Mustafa
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Shehzada Khurram
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Zeeshan Sajid
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Najeeb Ullah
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Shumaila Qayyum
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Tariq Rahim
- Department of Biochemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Mian Syed Usman
- Department of Biochemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Nawad Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Imad Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Khola Pervez
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - BiBi Sumaira
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Nasir Ali
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Nighat Sultana
- Department of Biochemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | | | - Madiha Islam
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
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Yu Q, Si S, Zhang S, Zhang J. Paternal indifference and neglect in early life and creativity: Exploring the moderating role of TPH1 genotype and offspring gender. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0221383. [PMID: 32726303 PMCID: PMC7390402 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
For further understanding the joint contribution of environment, heredity and gender to creativity, the present research examined the prospective impact of paternal indifference & neglect in early life, TPH1 rs623580, offspring gender, and the interaction effects thereof on creativity in five hundred and thirty-nine unrelated healthy Chinese undergraduate students. Paternal indifference & neglect in early life was assessed on the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI) and creativity on the Runco Creativity Assessment Battery (rCAB). Two primary findings emerged. Firstly, significant paternal indifference & neglect × TPH1 genotype interaction effects were identified in predicting all three dimensions of creativity (fluency, originality, and flexibility). Paternal indifference & neglect in early life negatively predicted fluency, originality, and flexibility when individuals carry A allele of TPH1 (rs623580). Secondly, there was a significant interaction effect of TPH1 genotype by offspring gender on flexibility. Only in males, individuals who carry A allele were linked with lower level of flexibility compared to TT homozygote individuals. No significant three-way interaction was found. In conclusion, the current findings provided the first preliminary evidence for the moderation effect of TPH1 on the relationship between parenting and creativity, and TPH1- offspring gender interaction on creativity; future studies are needed to validate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Yu
- Department of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Si Si
- Department of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Shun Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Jinghuan Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
- * E-mail:
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Wigner P, Czarny P, Synowiec E, Bijak M, Białek K, Talarowska M, Galecki P, Szemraj J, Sliwinski T. Association between single nucleotide polymorphisms of TPH1 and TPH2 genes, and depressive disorders. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:1778-1791. [PMID: 29314569 PMCID: PMC5824396 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tryptophan catabolites pathway disorders are observed in patients with depression. Moreover, single nucleotide polymorphisms of tryptophan hydroxylase genes may modulate the risk of depression occurrence. The objective of our study was to confirm the association between the presence of polymorphic variants of TPH1 and TPH2 genes, and the development of depressive disorders. Six polymorphisms were selected: c.804-7C>A (rs10488682), c.-1668T>A (rs623580), c.803+221C>A (rs1800532), c.-173A>T (rs1799913)-TPH1, c.-1449C>A (rs7963803), and c.-844G>T (rs4570625)-TPH2. A total of 510 DNA samples (230 controls and 280 patients) were genotyped using TaqMan probes. Among the studied polymoorphisms, the G/G genotype and G allele of c.804-7C>A-TPH1, the T/T homozygote of c.803+221C>A-TPH1, the A/A genotype and A allele of c.1668T>A-TPH1, the G/G homozygote and G allele of c.-844G>T-TPH2, and the C/A heterozygote and A allele of c.-1449C>A-TPH2 were associated with the occurrence of depression. However, the T/T homozygote of c.-1668T>A-TPH1, the G/T heterozygote and T allele of c.-844G>T-TPH2, and the C/C homozygote and C allele of c.-1449C>A-TPH2 decreased the risk of development of depressive disorders. Each of the studied polymorphisms modulated the risk of depression for selected genotypes and alleles. These results support the hypothesis regarding the involvement of the pathway in the pathogenesis of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Wigner
- Laboratory of Medical GeneticsDepartment of Molecular GeneticsFaculty of Biology and Environmental ProtectionUniversity of LodzLodzPoland
| | - Piotr Czarny
- Department of Medical BiochemistryMedical University of LodzLodzPoland
| | - Ewelina Synowiec
- Laboratory of Medical GeneticsDepartment of Molecular GeneticsFaculty of Biology and Environmental ProtectionUniversity of LodzLodzPoland
| | - Michał Bijak
- Department of General BiochemistryFaculty of Biology and Environmental ProtectionUniversity of LodzLodzPoland
| | - Katarzyna Białek
- Laboratory of Medical GeneticsDepartment of Molecular GeneticsFaculty of Biology and Environmental ProtectionUniversity of LodzLodzPoland
| | | | - Piotr Galecki
- Department of Adult PsychiatryMedical University of LodzLodzPoland
| | - Janusz Szemraj
- Department of Medical BiochemistryMedical University of LodzLodzPoland
| | - Tomasz Sliwinski
- Laboratory of Medical GeneticsDepartment of Molecular GeneticsFaculty of Biology and Environmental ProtectionUniversity of LodzLodzPoland
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A review of genetic alterations in the serotonin pathway and their correlation with psychotic diseases and response to atypical antipsychotics. Schizophr Res 2016; 170:18-29. [PMID: 26644303 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2015.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Revised: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that plays a predominant role in mood regulation. The importance of the serotonin pathway in controlling behavior and mental status is well recognized. All the serotonin elements - serotonin receptors, serotonin transporter, tryptophan hydroxylase and monoamine oxidase proteins - can show alterations in terms of mRNA or protein levels and protein sequence, in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Additionally, when examining the genes sequences of all serotonin elements, several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been found to be more prevalent in schizophrenic or bipolar patients than in healthy individuals. Several of these alterations have been associated either with different phenotypes between patients and healthy individuals or with the response of psychiatric patients to the treatment with atypical antipsychotics. The complex pattern of genetic diversity within the serotonin pathway hampers efforts to identify the key variations contributing to an individual's susceptibility to the disease. In this review article, we summarize all genetic alterations found across the serotonin pathway, we provide information on whether and how they affect schizophrenia or bipolar disorder phenotypes, and, on the contribution of familial relationships on their detection frequencies. Furthermore, we provide evidence on whether and how specific gene polymorphisms affect the outcome of schizophrenic or bipolar patients of different ethnic groups, in response to treatment with atypical antipsychotics. All data are discussed thoroughly, providing prospective for future studies.
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Ching-López A, Cervilla J, Rivera M, Molina E, McKenney K, Ruiz-Perez I, Rodríguez-Barranco M, Gutiérrez B. Epidemiological support for genetic variability at hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and serotonergic system as risk factors for major depression. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2015; 11:2743-54. [PMID: 26543368 PMCID: PMC4622554 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s90369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a serious, and common psychiatric disorder worldwide. By the year 2020, MDD will be the second cause of disability in the world. The GranadΣp study is the first, to the best of our knowledge, epidemiological study of mental disorders carried out in Andalusia (South Spain), being one of its main objectives to identify genetic and environmental risk factors for MDD and other major psychiatric disorders. In this study, we focused on the possible association of 91 candidate single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with MDD. METHODS A total of 711 community-based individuals participated in the GranadΣp study. All individuals were extensively assessed for clinical, psychological, sociodemographic, life style, and other environmental variables. A biological sample was also collected for subsequent genetic analyses in 91 candidate SNPs for MDD. DSM-IV diagnosis of MDD was used as the outcome variable. Logistic regression analysis assuming an additive genetic model was performed to test the association between MDD and the genetic data. The experiment-wide significance threshold adjusted with the SNP spectral decomposition method provided a maximum P-value (8×10(-3)) required to identify an association. Haplotype analyses were also performed. RESULTS One SNP (rs623580) located in the tryptophan hydroxylase 1 gene (TPH1; chromosome 11), one intergenic variant (rs9526236) upstream of the 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A gene (HTR2A; chromosome 13), and five polymorphisms (rs17689966, rs173365, rs7209436, rs110402, and rs242924) located in the corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 1 gene (CRHR1; chromosome 17), all showed suggestive trends for association with MDD (P<0.05). Within CRHR1 gene, the TATGA haplotype combination was found to increase significantly the risk for MDD with an odds ratio =1.68 (95% CI: 1.16-2.42, P=0.006). CONCLUSION Although limited, perhaps due to insufficient sample size power, our results seem to support the notion that the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal and serotonergic systems are likely to be involved in the genetic susceptibility for MDD. Future studies, including larger samples, should be addressed for further validation and replication of the present findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Ching-López
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Jorge Cervilla
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- CIBER en Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria Ibs. Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Margarita Rivera
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- CIBER en Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria Ibs. Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Esther Molina
- Department of Nursing, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Kathryn McKenney
- CIBER en Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Isabel Ruiz-Perez
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria Ibs. Granada, Granada, Spain
- Andalusian School of Public Health, Granada, Spain
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Granada, Spain
| | | | - Blanca Gutiérrez
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- CIBER en Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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Seifuddin F, Mahon PB, Judy J, Pirooznia M, Jancic D, Taylor J, Goes FS, Potash JB, Zandi PP. Meta-analysis of genetic association studies on bipolar disorder. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2012; 159B:508-18. [PMID: 22573399 PMCID: PMC3582382 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2011] [Accepted: 04/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Numerous candidate gene association studies of bipolar disorder (BP) have been carried out, but the results have been inconsistent. Individual studies are typically underpowered to detect associations with genes of small effect sizes. We conducted a meta-analysis of published candidate gene studies to evaluate the cumulative evidence. We systematically searched for all published candidate gene association studies of BP. We then carried out a random-effects meta-analysis on all polymorphisms that were reported on by three or more case-control studies. The results from meta-analyses of these genes were compared with the findings from a recent mega-analysis of eleven genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in BP performed by the Psychiatric GWAS Consortium (PGC). A total of 487 articles were included in our review. Among these, 33 polymorphisms in 18 genes were reported on by three or more case-control studies and included in the random-effects meta-analysis. Polymorphisms in BDNF, DRD4, DAOA, and TPH1, were found to be nominally significant with a P-value < 0.05. However, none of the findings were significant after correction for multiple testing. Moreover, none of these polymorphisms were nominally significant in the PGC-BP GWAS. A number of plausible candidate genes have been previously associated with BP. However, the lack of robust findings in our review of these candidate genes highlights the need for more atheoretical approaches to study the genetics of BP afforded by GWAS. The results of this meta-analysis and from other on-going genomic experiments in BP are available online at Metamoodics (http://metamoodics.igm.jhmi.edu).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fayaz Seifuddin
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Pamela Belmonte Mahon
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jennifer Judy
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Mehdi Pirooznia
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Dubravka Jancic
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Jacob Taylor
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Fernando S. Goes
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - James B. Potash
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Peter P. Zandi
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
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Chen D, Liu F, Yang C, Liang X, Shang Q, He W, Wang Z. Association between the TPH1 A218C polymorphism and risk of mood disorders and alcohol dependence: evidence from the current studies. J Affect Disord 2012; 138:27-33. [PMID: 21601290 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2011.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2011] [Revised: 03/21/2011] [Accepted: 04/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have assessed the association between genetic polymorphisms of tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH1) and risk of mood disorders and alcohol dependence, with controversial results. Our aim was to assess the association of TPH1 A218C polymorphism (rs1800532) with mood disorders, including major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder, and alcohol dependence by using meta-analysis. METHODS Data were collected from the related literatures published until November 25, 2010 from MEDLINE, EMBASE and ISI Web of Science databases, and meta-analysis stratified by ethnicity was performed in either fixed or random effect model as appropriate by using Stata Statistical Package (version 10.0). RESULTS Twenty-seven individual studies were included in the current study, among which, there were 9 studies for bipolar disorder, with 1951 cases and 2161 controls, 14 studies for major depressive disorder, with 2340 cases and 3204 controls, and 4 studies for alcohol dependence, with 601 cases and 711 controls. We found that in Caucasian population, the TPH1 218AA genotype was significantly associated with increased bipolar disorder risk (recessive comparison: OR, 1.42; Bonferroni-adjusted P=0.006; homozygote comparison: OR, 1.63; Bonferroni-adjusted P=0.072), and elevated alcohol dependence risk (recessive comparison: OR, 1.83; Bonferroni-adjusted P=0.012), while the association was not significant in Asian population. Moreover, the A218C polymorphism did not appear to have any effect on major depressive disorder risk either in Caucasians or in Asians. CONCLUSION The TPH1 A218C polymorphism is a potential biomarker for bipolar disorder and alcohol dependence risk in Caucasian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingyan Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
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Choi KY, Yoon HK, Kim YK. Association between Serotonin-Related Polymorphisms in 5HT2A, TPH1, TPH2 Genes and Bipolar Disorder in Korean Population. Psychiatry Investig 2010; 7:60-7. [PMID: 20396435 PMCID: PMC2848767 DOI: 10.4306/pi.2010.7.1.60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2009] [Revised: 01/26/2010] [Accepted: 01/30/2010] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to examine the association between serotonin-related gene polymorphisms and bipolar disorder in the Korean population. In addition, we sought to explore the relationship between the clinical characteristics of bipolar patients and serotonin-related gene polymorphisms. METHODS Inpatients with bipolar disorder (n=103) and control subjects (n=86) were genotyped for 5HT2A 1438A/G, tryptophan hydroxylase 1 (TPH1) 218 A/C, and TPH2 703G/T. We divided patients with bipolar disorder into two groups according to the presence of psychotic symptoms. The severity of their symptoms was measured using the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) and the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS). RESULTS There were no significant differences in the genotype distributions or allelic frequencies in the three serotonergic polymorphisms between patients with bipolar disorder and normal controls. There were significant differences in genotype distributions and allele frequencies of the 5-HT2A -1438A/G polymorphism between the psychotic mania group and the non-psychotic mania group (genotype: chi(2)=7.50, p=0.024; allele: chi(2)=5.92, p=0.015). However, after Bonferroni correction this signifact difference disappeared. We did not find significant differences in the genotype distributions or allelic frequencies in the TPH1 218 A/C and TPH2 703G/T polymorphisms between the psychotic mania group and non-psychotic mania group. CONCLUSION We failed to found the statistically significant association between three polymorphisms and bipolar disorder. However, there was a trend towards association between 5-HT2A -1438A/G polymorphism and psychotic symptom in bipolar disorder. Future research should seek to clarify this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang-Yeon Choi
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Korea University, Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Korea
| | - Ho-Kyoung Yoon
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Korea University, Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Korea
| | - Yong-Ku Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Korea University, Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Korea
- Division of Brain Korea 21 Biomedical Science, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
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Kim YR, Lee JY, Min SK. No evidence of an association between A218C polymorphism of the tryptophan hydroxylase 1 gene and aggression in schizophrenia in a Korean population. Yonsei Med J 2010; 51:27-32. [PMID: 20046510 PMCID: PMC2799974 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2010.51.1.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2009] [Revised: 04/08/2009] [Accepted: 04/08/2009] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We investigated the association between the tryptohan hydroxylase 1 (TPH1) gene and aggression in schizophrenia in a Korean population. MATERIALS AND METHODS The sample included 61 aggressive patients as well as 104 non-aggressive patients from psychiatric hospitals and 335 healthy volunteers in Korea. Blood samples were collected from all participants for TPH1 A218C genotyping. The patients were administered standard psychiatric interviews as well as a self-report questionnaire for anger-related traits. RESULTS In the case-control phenotypic comparisons, there was no significant association between the aggressive patients and the TPH1 A218C polymorphism. There was no significant effect of the TPH1 genotype on the anger-related traits, or no significant interaction between the genotype and group (aggressive and non-aggressive patients). CONCLUSION These findings suggest that TPH1 does not play a major role in aggressive behavior via anger in schizophrenic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youl-Ri Kim
- Department of Neuropsychiatry and Stress Research Institute, Seoul Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joo Young Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Kil Min
- Professor emeritus, Yonsei University, and Superintendent, Seoul Metropolitan Eunpyeong Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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Kim YR, Woo JM, Heo SY, Kim JH, Lim SJ, Yu BH. An Association Study of the A218C Polymorphism of the Tryptophan Hydroxylase 1 Gene with Eating Disorders in a Korean Population: A Pilot Study. Psychiatry Investig 2009; 6:44-9. [PMID: 20046373 PMCID: PMC2796036 DOI: 10.4306/pi.2009.6.1.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2009] [Revised: 01/30/2009] [Accepted: 02/01/2009] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We examined the association between the tryptophan hydroxylase 1 (TPH1) gene and eating disorders focusing on obsessionality. METHODS The sample included 62 women with a lifetime diagnosis of anorexia nervosa (AN) as well as 50 women with a lifetime diagnosis of bulimia nervosa (BN) recruited from specialist clinics for eating disorders and 131 healthy women in Korea. Blood samples were collected from all participants for the TPH1 genotyping. The patients were ad ministered the Korean version of the Eating Disorders Examination and obsessionality was conceptualized using measures of persistence, harm avoidance, and obsessive-compulsive symptoms. RESULTS In the case-control comparisons, the frequency of the A/A genotype was increased in the patients with BN, but this difference was not significant after correcting for multiple testing. We found no effect of the TPH A218C polymorphism on obsessionality in the patients with AN or BN. CONCLUSION Although the present findings should be regarded as preliminary because of the small size of our sample, they suggest that the TPH1 gene may contribute to the genetic susceptibility to BN and be associated with the other unexplored traits of bulimic case status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youl-Ri Kim
- Eating Disorders Clinic, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul Paik Hospital, Inje University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Stress Research Institute, Inje University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong-Min Woo
- Eating Disorders Clinic, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul Paik Hospital, Inje University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Stress Research Institute, Inje University, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Jeong Hyun Kim
- Indang Institute of Molecular Biology, Inje University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo-Jin Lim
- Eating Disorders Clinic, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul Paik Hospital, Inje University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Stress Research Institute, Inje University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bum-Hee Yu
- Department of Psychiatry, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Chen C, Glatt SJ, Tsuang MT. The tryptophan hydroxylase gene influences risk for bipolar disorder but not major depressive disorder: results of meta-analyses. Bipolar Disord 2008; 10:816-21. [PMID: 19032713 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-5618.2008.00623.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Tryptophan hydroxylase is the rate-limiting enzyme in the synthesis of serotonin, and thus its gene, TPH, has been extensively studied as a risk factor for both bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder. The purpose of the present report is to synthesize the available data on these putative associations and derive best estimates of the nature and magnitude of the influence of TPH on risk for mood disorders. METHODS We identified studies that examined the TPH A218C polymorphism in relation to major depressive disorder or bipolar disorder using the PubMed online search engine, ultimately including 10 case-control studies in two meta-analyses. RESULTS The AA genotype had a significant effect on risk for bipolar disorder in comparison to either the CC or AC genotypes, suggesting that the A allele may increase risk for bipolar disorder in a recessive manner. None of the three genotypes significantly increased risk for major depressive disorder relative to any of the other genotypes. CONCLUSION The homozygous recessive genotype of the TPH A218C polymorphism has a significant effect on risk for bipolar disorder but not major depressive disorder. A possible explanation for these results is that the A allele influences mood by permitting or facilitating mania while having no effect on depression. Further replication of these findings in additional large case-control and family-based association is needed before TPH can be designated a risk gene for bipolar disorder.
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Investigation of the tryptophan hydroxylase 2 gene in bipolar I disorder in the Romanian population. Psychiatr Genet 2008; 18:240-7. [DOI: 10.1097/ypg.0b013e3283053045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Serretti A, Mandelli L. The genetics of bipolar disorder: genome 'hot regions,' genes, new potential candidates and future directions. Mol Psychiatry 2008; 13:742-71. [PMID: 18332878 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2008.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BP) is a complex disorder caused by a number of liability genes interacting with the environment. In recent years, a large number of linkage and association studies have been conducted producing an extremely large number of findings often not replicated or partially replicated. Further, results from linkage and association studies are not always easily comparable. Unfortunately, at present a comprehensive coverage of available evidence is still lacking. In the present paper, we summarized results obtained from both linkage and association studies in BP. Further, we indicated new potential interesting genes, located in genome 'hot regions' for BP and being expressed in the brain. We reviewed published studies on the subject till December 2007. We precisely localized regions where positive linkage has been found, by the NCBI Map viewer (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mapview/); further, we identified genes located in interesting areas and expressed in the brain, by the Entrez gene, Unigene databases (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/) and Human Protein Reference Database (http://www.hprd.org); these genes could be of interest in future investigations. The review of association studies gave interesting results, as a number of genes seem to be definitively involved in BP, such as SLC6A4, TPH2, DRD4, SLC6A3, DAOA, DTNBP1, NRG1, DISC1 and BDNF. A number of promising genes, which received independent confirmations, and genes that have to be further investigated in BP, have been also systematically listed. In conclusion, the combination of linkage and association approaches provided a number of liability genes. Nevertheless, other approaches are required to disentangle conflicting findings, such as gene interaction analyses, interaction with psychosocial and environmental factors and, finally, endophenotype investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Serretti
- Institute of Psychiatry, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
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Lin YMJ, Davamani F, Yang WC, Lai TJ, Sun HS. Association analysis of monoamine oxidase A gene and bipolar affective disorder in Han Chinese. Behav Brain Funct 2008; 4:21. [PMID: 18501009 PMCID: PMC2435104 DOI: 10.1186/1744-9081-4-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2008] [Accepted: 05/24/2008] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) is a mitochondrial enzyme involved in degrading several different biological amines, including serotonin. Although several pieces of evidence suggested that MAOA is important in the etiology of bipolar affective disorder (BPD), associations for markers of the MAOA gene with BPD were not conclusive and the association has not been investigated in Taiwanese population. This study was designed to illustrate the role of MAOA in the etiology of BPD in Han Chinese. Methods Two markers, a dinucleotide polymorphism in exon 2 and a functional uVNTR on the promoter of the MAOA gene, were used to study the genetic association in 108 unrelated patients with BPD and 103 healthy controls. Allelic distributions of two polymorphisms were analyzed and, caused the MAOA located at X chromosome, haplotype association was performed using haplotype unambiguously assigned in male participants. Results While no difference in allelic distributions of two MAOA polymorphisms was found, the risk haplotype 114S was associated with BPD in male patients (P = 0.03). The significance, however, was not found in female patients with 114S haplotype. Conclusion Results from this study suggest that MAOA may have a gender-specific and small effect on the etiology of BPD in Taiwan. Due to the limited sample size, results from this study need to be confirmed in replicates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Mei J Lin
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Medical College, Tainan, Taiwan.
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Abstract
Because the US FDA has begun to focus on disclosure of pharmacogenetic testing results in applications for new drug approval and review of existing drugs (see, eg, http://www.fda.gov/OHRMS/DOCKETS/AC/05/slides/2005-4194S1_Slide-Index.htm), the application of such testing in a clinical setting is likely to increase substantially. Instead of small cohorts of patients, potentially nearly every participant in the large pivotal trials required for drug approval could help inform the future application of that drug. Psychiatry as a whole, and antidepressant prescribing ni particular, stands to benefit in the near term from the identification of newer treatment targets that may overcome some of the limitations of current therapeutics. On the other hand, despite the excitement about the rapid pace of development in psychiatric pharmacogenetics, a number of key issues remain to be addressed before these discoveries are applied in a clinical setting. Close coordination will be required between those who study treatment efficacy and effectiveness and those who study genetic variation in populations to ensure that studies yield results that have scientific importance and clinical importance as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy H Perlis
- Pharmacogenetics Research Unit, Depression and Bipolar Clinical and Research Programs, Center for Human Genetics Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, 15 Parkman St., WACC 812, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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Abstract
In this review, all papers relevant to the molecular genetics of bipolar disorder published from 2004 to the present (mid 2006) are reviewed, and major results on depression are summarized. Several candidate genes for schizophrenia may also be associated with bipolar disorder: G72, DISC1, NRG1, RGS4, NCAM1, DAO, GRM3, GRM4, GRIN2B, MLC1, SYNGR1, and SLC12A6. Of these, association with G72 may be most robust. However, G72 haplotypes and polymorphisms associated with bipolar disorder are not consistent with each other. The positional candidate approach showed an association between bipolar disorder and TRPM2 (21q22.3), GPR50 (Xq28), Citron (12q24), CHMP1.5 (18p11.2), GCHI (14q22-24), MLC1 (22q13), GABRA5 (15q11-q13), BCR (22q11), CUX2, FLJ32356 (12q23-q24), and NAPG (18p11). Studies that focused on mood disorder comorbid with somatic symptoms, suggested roles for the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) 3644 mutation and the POLG mutation. From gene expression analysis, PDLIM5, somatostatin, and the mtDNA 3243 mutation were found to be related to bipolar disorder. Whereas most previous positive findings were not supported by subsequent studies, DRD1 and IMPA2 have been implicated in follow-up studies. Several candidate genes in the circadian rhythm pathway, BmaL1, TIMELESS, and PERIOD3, are reported to be associated with bipolar disorder. Linkage studies show many new linkage loci. In depression, the previously reported positive finding of a gene-environmental interaction between HTTLPR (insertion/deletion polymorphism in the promoter of a serotonin transporter) and stress was not replicated. Although the role of the TPH2 mutation in depression had drawn attention previously, this has not been replicated either. Pharmacogenetic studies show a relationship between antidepressant response and HTR2A or FKBP5. New technologies for comprehensive genomic analysis have already been applied. HTTLPR and BDNF promoter polymorphisms are now found to be more complex than previously thought, and previous papers on these polymorphisms should be treated with caution. Finally, this report addresses some possible causes for the lack of replication in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadafumi Kato
- Laboratory for Molecular Dynamics of Mental Disorders, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako, Saitama, Japan.
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Uddin RK, Singh SM. Ethanol-responsive genes: identification of transcription factors and their role in metabolomics. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2006; 7:38-47. [PMID: 16652119 DOI: 10.1038/sj.tpj.6500394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Transcription factors (TFs) and their combinatorial control on cis-regulatory elements play critical role in the co-expression of genes. This affects the interaction of genes in the transcriptome and thus may affect signals that cascade through cellular pathways. Using a combination of bioinformatic approaches, we sought to identify such common combinations of TFs in a set of ethanol-responsive (ER) genes and assess the role of ethanol in affecting multiple pathways through their co-regulation. Our results show that the metallothionein genes are regulated by TF motifs cAMP responsive element binding protein (CREB) and metal-activated transcription factor 1 and primarily involved in zinc ion homeostasis. We have also identified new target genes, Synaptojanin 1 and tryptophan hydroxylase 1, potentially regulated by this module. Altered arrangement of TF-binding sites in the module may direct the action of these and other target genes in intracellular signaling cascades, cell growth and/or maintenance. In addition to CREB, other key TFs identified are ecotropic viral integration site-1 and SP1. These modulate the contribution of the target ER genes in cell cycle regulation and apoptosis or programmed cell death. Multiple lines of evidence confirm the above findings and indicate that different groups of ER genes are involved in different biological processes and their co-regulation most likely results from different sets of regulatory modules. These findings associate the role of the ER genes studied and their potential TF modules with alcohol response pathways and phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- R K Uddin
- Department of Biology and Division of Medical Genetics, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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