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Hui R, Scheib CL, D’Atanasio E, Inskip SA, Cessford C, Biagini SA, Wohns AW, Ali MQ, Griffith SJ, Solnik A, Niinemäe H, Ge XJ, Rose AK, Beneker O, O’Connell TC, Robb JE, Kivisild T. Genetic history of Cambridgeshire before and after the Black Death. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadi5903. [PMID: 38232165 PMCID: PMC10793959 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi5903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
The extent of the devastation of the Black Death pandemic (1346-1353) on European populations is known from documentary sources and its bacterial source illuminated by studies of ancient pathogen DNA. What has remained less understood is the effect of the pandemic on human mobility and genetic diversity at the local scale. Here, we report 275 ancient genomes, including 109 with coverage >0.1×, from later medieval and postmedieval Cambridgeshire of individuals buried before and after the Black Death. Consistent with the function of the institutions, we found a lack of close relatives among the friars and the inmates of the hospital in contrast to their abundance in general urban and rural parish communities. While we detect long-term shifts in local genetic ancestry in Cambridgeshire, we find no evidence of major changes in genetic ancestry nor higher differentiation of immune loci between cohorts living before and after the Black Death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoyun Hui
- Alan Turing Institute, London, UK
- McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Christiana L. Scheib
- McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Estonian Biocentre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- St John’s College, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Sarah A. Inskip
- McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- School of Archaeology and Ancient History, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Craig Cessford
- McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge Archaeological Unit, Department of Archaeology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Anthony W. Wohns
- School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Genetics and Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Samuel J. Griffith
- Estonian Biocentre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Anu Solnik
- Core Facility, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Helja Niinemäe
- Estonian Biocentre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Xiangyu Jack Ge
- Wellcome Genome Campus, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Alice K. Rose
- McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Archaeology, University of Durham, Durham, UK
| | - Owyn Beneker
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tamsin C. O’Connell
- McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - John E. Robb
- Department of Archaeology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Toomas Kivisild
- McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Estonian Biocentre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Zhu Y, Jiang H, Chen Z, Lu B, Li J, Shen X. Genetic association between IL23R rs11209026 and rs10889677 polymorphisms and risk of Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis: evidence from 41 studies. Inflamm Res 2019; 69:87-103. [DOI: 10.1007/s00011-019-01296-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
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NOD2 gene variants confer risk for secondary sclerosing cholangitis in critically ill patients. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7026. [PMID: 28765628 PMCID: PMC5539147 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06268-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Sclerosing cholangitis in critically ill patients (SC-CIP) is a progressive cholestatic disease of unknown aetiology characterized by chronic biliary infections. Hence we hypothesized that common NOD2 (nucleotide-binding oligomerisation domain containing 2) gene variants, known risk factors for Crohn's disease and bacterial translocation in liver cirrhosis, increase the odds of developing SC-CIP. Screening of 4,641 endoscopic retrograde cholangiography procedures identified 17 patients with SC-CIP, who were then genotyped for the three common NOD2 mutations (Cohort 1, discovery cohort). To validate the association, we subsequently tested these NOD2 variants in 29 patients from SC-CIP cohorts of three additional medical centers (Cohort 2, replication cohort). In Cohort 1, the NOD2 variants were present in 5 of 17 SC-CIP patients (29.4%), which is twice the frequency of the general population. These results were replicated in Cohort 2 with 8 patients (27.6%) showing NOD2 mutations. In contrast, polymorphisms of hepatocanalicular transporter genes did not have major impact on SC-CIP risk. This first study on genetic susceptibility in SC-CIP patients shows an extraordinary high frequency of NOD2 variation, pointing to a critical role of inherited impaired anti-bacterial defense in the development of this devastating biliary disease.
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Zhang BB, Liang Y, Yang B, Tan YJ. Association between ATG16L1 gene polymorphism and the risk of Crohn's disease. J Int Med Res 2016; 45:1636-1650. [PMID: 27698206 PMCID: PMC5805181 DOI: 10.1177/0300060516662404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To perform a meta-analysis to evaluate studies investigating the association
between ATG16L1 gene polymorphism and Crohn’s disease. Methods PubMed, Embase and Web of Science databases were searched for all studies
focusing on the association of ATG16L1 and Crohn’s disease.
Combined odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were calculated for four
genetic models (allelic model: G allele versus A allele; additive model: GG
versus AA; dominant model: GA + GG versus AA; recessive model: GG versus
GA + AA) using either a random effects or fixed effects model. Results A total of 47 case–control studies involving 18 638 cases and 30 181 controls
were included in the final meta-analysis. There was a significant
association between ATG16L1 and Crohn’s disease for all
four genetic models. Significant associations were also shown in subgroup
analyses when stratified by study design (population- or
hospital-based). Conclusion In this meta-analysis, the ATG16L1 genotype was
significantly associated with the risk of developing Crohn’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei-Bei Zhang
- 1 Department of Medical Affairs, General Hospital of PLA Chengdu Military Area Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Liang
- 2 Department of Thoracic Surgery, General Hospital of PLA Chengdu Military Area Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Yang
- 1 Department of Medical Affairs, General Hospital of PLA Chengdu Military Area Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying-Jun Tan
- 1 Department of Medical Affairs, General Hospital of PLA Chengdu Military Area Command, Chengdu, China
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Li Y, Chen P, Sun J, Huang J, Tie H, Li L, Li H, Ren G. Meta-analysis of associations between DLG5 R30Q and P1371Q polymorphisms and susceptibility to inflammatory bowel disease. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33550. [PMID: 27633114 PMCID: PMC5025715 DOI: 10.1038/srep33550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence from recent studies has demonstrated an association between inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) susceptibility and two polymorphisms of DLG5 R30Q (rs1248696) and P1371Q (rs2289310), but the results remain controversial. We conducted a meta-analysis including a total of 22 studies with 10,878 IBD patients and 7917 healthy controls for R30Q and 5277 IBD cases and 4367 controls for P1371Q in order to systematically assess their association with the disease. The results indicated that R30Q was significantly associated with reduced susceptibility to IBD in Europeans by allelic and dominant comparisons, but not in overall population. No significant association was found between R30Q and Crohn's disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC). P1371Q was associated with increased risk of IBD in Europeans and Americans. On the contrary, a decreased risk of IBD was observed in Asian population for P1371Q. In disease subgroup analysis, we found that P1371Q was also significantly associated with CD, but this relationship was not present for UC. In conclusion, our results strongly suggest that the both polymorphisms of DLG5 are correlated with IBD susceptibility in an ethnic-specific manner. Additional well-designed studies with large and diverse cohorts are needed to further strengthen our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhai Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ping Chen
- Department of Rheumatology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiazheng Sun
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongtao Tie
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liangliang Li
- Department of Rheumatology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongzhong Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guosheng Ren
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Abstract
Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a heterogeneous, idiopathic, inflammatory disorder frequently associated with inflammatory bowel diseases. PSC patients may be classified into several subphenotypes. Investigations of pediatric, nonwhite, and female PSC patients have revealed distinguishing features. The natural history of PSC is variable in progression with numerous possible clinical outcomes. PSC patients may suffer bacterial cholangitis, cholangiocarcinoma, or colorectal adenocarcinoma. Treatments focusing on bile acid therapy and immunosuppression have not proven beneficial. Interest in PSC and international collaboration has led to improved understanding of the heterogeneity and the genetic structure and introduced possible effective therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souvik Sarkar
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, 4150 V Street, PSSB 3500, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA. Phone: 1 916 734 3751, Fax: 1 916 734 7908
| | - Christopher L. Bowlus
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, 4150 V Street, PSSB 3500, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA. Phone: 1 916 734 3751, Fax: 1 916 734 7908
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Xu WD, Xie QB, Zhao Y, Liu Y. Association of Interleukin-23 receptor gene polymorphisms with susceptibility to Crohn's disease: A meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2015; 5:18584. [PMID: 26678098 PMCID: PMC4683513 DOI: 10.1038/srep18584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies investigating the association between Interleukin-23 receptor (IL-23R) gene polymorphisms and Crohn’s disease (CD) report conflicting results. Thus, a meta-analysis was carried out to assess the association between the IL-23R polymorphisms and CD. A systematic literature search was conducted to identify all relevant studies. Pooled odds ratio (ORs) with 95% confidence interval (CIs) was used to estimate the strength of association. Finally, a total of 60 case-control studies in 56 articles, involving 22,820 CD patients and 27,401 healthy controls, were included in the meta-analysis. Overall, a significant association was found between all CD and the rs7517847 polymorphism (OR = 0.699, 95% CI = 0.659 ~ 0.741, P < 0.001). Meta-analysis of the rs11209026, rs1343151, rs10489629 and rs11465804 polymorphisms indicated the same pattern as for rs7517847. Meta-analysis showed an association between the rs10889677A allele and CD (OR = 1.393, 95% CI = 1.328 ~ 1.461, P < 0.001). Similarly, meta-analysis of the rs2201840, rs1004819, rs1495965 and rs11209032 polymorphisms revealed the same pattern as that shown by meta-analysis of rs10889677. Stratification by ethnicity revealed that IL-23R gene polymorphisms were associated with CD in the Caucasian group, but not in Asians. In summary, the meta-analysis suggests a significant association between IL-23R polymorphisms and CD, especially in Caucasians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang-Dong Xu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China
| | - Qi-Bing Xie
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China
| | - Yi Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China
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Castaño-Rodríguez N, Kaakoush NO, Goh KL, Fock KM, Mitchell HM. Autophagy in Helicobacter pylori Infection and Related Gastric Cancer. Helicobacter 2015; 20:353-69. [PMID: 25664588 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autophagy, a degradation pathway in which cytoplasmic content is engulfed and degraded by lysosomal hydrolases, plays a pivotal role in infection and inflammation. Given that defects in autophagy lead to increased susceptibility to infection, we investigated the role of autophagy in Helicobacter pylori-related gastric cancer (GC). MATERIALS AND METHODS Gene expression of 84 molecules was examined through quantitative real-time PCR in gastric epithelial cells (AGS) and macrophages (THP-1) upon exposure to H. pylori GC026 (GC) and 26695 (gastritis). Further, ATG16L1 rs2241880, IRGM rs13361189, and IRGM rs4958847, polymorphisms that have been investigated in relation to H. pylori infection or GC in Caucasians, were detected by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry in 304 ethnic Chinese (86 noncardia GC cases/218 functional dyspepsia controls). RESULTS Gene expression analyses showed twenty-eight molecules involved in vesicle nucleation, elongation, and maturation to be significantly down-regulated in H. pylori GC026-challenged AGS cells. Further, core autophagy proteins and autophagy regulators were differentially expressed in H. pylori-challenged THP-1-derived macrophages. Analyses of the selected polymorphisms showed that ATG16L1 rs2241880 increased the risk of GC (OR: 2.38, 95% CI: 1.34-4.24) and H. pylori infection (OR: 1.49, 95% CI: 1.02-2.16) while IRGM rs4958847 decreased GC risk (OR: 0.26, 95% CI: 0.09-0.74) in ethnic Chinese, these effect sizes being especially strong in H. pylori-infected individuals (ATG16L1 rs2241880 and IRGM rs13361189). CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that highly virulent H. pylori strains markedly modulate autophagy in the host cell. Further, for the first time, autophagy polymorphisms were associated with GC in Chinese, a high GC-risk population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Castaño-Rodríguez
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Nadeem O Kaakoush
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Khean-Lee Goh
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kwong Ming Fock
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Changi General Hospital, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Hazel M Mitchell
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
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ATG16L1 and IL23R variants and genetic susceptibility to crohn's disease: mode of inheritance based on meta-analysis of genetic association studies. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2015; 21:768-76. [PMID: 25738374 DOI: 10.1097/mib.0000000000000305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autophagy and regulation of IL-23 signaling pathways have been implicated in the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease (CD). We studied the mode of inheritance and reviewed the association of 2 polymorphic variants of ATG16L1 and IL23R with CD. METHODS We searched the PubMed and ISI Web of Science databases (up to May 2014) for pertinent articles. We included all studies that had a case-control design, with cases having CD and controls being healthy and reported full genotype frequencies for the ATG16L1 and/or IL23R variant of interest. We quantified the relative genetic risk using the model-free approach of the generalized odds ratio metric (ORG) and reported 95% precision estimates. Also, we explored the mode of inheritance using the degree of dominance h-index. RESULTS Fifty-one studies fulfilled these requirements and were included in the analysis. These studies involved 12,762 patients and 16,735 controls evaluating the association of ATG16L1 (rs2241880 p.Thr300Ala) and 8110 patients and 11,900 controls evaluating the association of IL23R (rs11209026 p.Arg381Gln) with CD. The ATG16L1 variant rs2241880 was associated with increased susceptibility to CD (combined ORG = 1.38; 95% confidence interval, 1.29-1.48) and a nondominant mode of inheritance (suggesting that the effect of heterozygosity lies exactly in the middle of extreme homozygotes, h = 0). The IL23R variant rs11209026 was associated with significant protection (ORG = 0.46; 95% confidence interval, 0.41-0.53) and a recessive mode of inheritance, indicating that the effect of a heterozygous genotype would lie close to the wild-type homozygous genotype. In subgroup analysis, the significant effects persisted across Caucasian ancestry studies and pediatric populations but were lacking across studies in Asian populations. CONCLUSIONS The ATG16L1 variant rs2241880 was associated with 38% increase in the risk for CD for higher mutational load, whereas IL23R variant rs11209026 decreased the risk by 54% for higher mutational load. The mode of inheritance for ATG16L1 variant demonstrated perfect additivity for genetic risk, whereas it showed recessiveness for the IL23R variant. This analysis permits risk stratification for CD based on the mutational status and highlight the need for additional studies in certain populations.
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Khosravi Khorashad A, Khajedaluee M, Mokhtari Amirmajdi E, Bahari A, Farzanehfar MR, Ahadi M, Abedini S, Abdollahi MR, Vakili R, Vossoughi Nia H. Frequency and risk factors of primary sclerosing cholangitis among patients with inflammatory bowel disease in North-East of Iran. GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY FROM BED TO BENCH 2015; 8:200-6. [PMID: 26328042 PMCID: PMC4553160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
AIM To identify primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) predisposing factors in order to prevent inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) progression to PSC. BACKGROUND IBD is commonly associated with PSC and there is no effective therapy for PSC except for liver transplantation. PATIENTS AND METHODS This retrospective study was conducted on 447 IBD patients from IBD Clinics of Ghaem and Emam Reza Hospitals. Data were collected by interview and through a review of the patients' medical records. Patients were divided into two groups: those with IBD and PSC (IBD-PSC) and those without PSC. Variables were compared between two groups and those with statistically significant differences in IBD-PSC group were considered as predictive factors for the development of PSC. RESULTS The frequency of PSC in IBDs was 4.3% and all were ulcerative colitis. The mean age of patients with PSC was 39.1±11.33 years. The male to female proportion in PSCs was 3.8:1 and in IBDs was 0.9:1. There were statistically significant associations between PSC and gender, IBD duration and UC extension, mucocutaneous involvement, oral contraceptive pills (OCP) consumption, history of surgery and history of PSC in the first- degree relatives. CONCLUSION PSC frequency among IBD patients in North-East of Iran was 4.3%. It is recommended to limit OCP consumption in IBD patients. Identification and modification of probable predisposing risk factors, as well as early diagnosis of PSC are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Khosravi Khorashad
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Khajedaluee
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Elham Mokhtari Amirmajdi
- Gastroenterology and Hepatoloy Department, Nayshabour Faculty of Medical Sciences, Nayshabour, Iran
| | - Ali Bahari
- Endoscopic & Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Center, Ghaem Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, MashhadUniversity of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Farzanehfar
- Endoscopic & Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Center, Ghaem Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, MashhadUniversity of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mitra Ahadi
- Endoscopic & Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Center, Ghaem Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, MashhadUniversity of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Siavash Abedini
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Abdollahi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Rosita Vakili
- Center of Pathological and Medical Diagnostic Services, Iranian Academic Center for Education, Culture & Research (ACECR), Mashhad Branch, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hassan Vossoughi Nia
- Endoscopic & Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Center, Ghaem Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, MashhadUniversity of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Gong Z, Quan L, Yao S, Zirpoli G, Bandera EV, Roberts M, Coignet JG, Cabasag C, Sucheston L, Hwang H, Ciupak G, Davis W, Pawlish K, Jandorf L, Bovbjerg DH, Ambrosone CB, Hong CC. Innate immunity pathways and breast cancer Risk in African American and European-American women in the Women's Circle of Health Study (WCHS). PLoS One 2013; 8:e72619. [PMID: 23991131 PMCID: PMC3749137 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
African American (AA) women are more likely than European American (EA) women to be diagnosed with early, aggressive breast cancer. Possible differences in innate immune pathways (e.g., inflammatory responses) have received little attention as potential mechanisms underlying this disparity. We evaluated distributions of selected genetic variants in innate immune pathways in AA and EA women, and examined their associations with breast cancer risk within the Women's Circle of Health Study (WCHS). In stage I of the study (864 AA and 650 EA women) we found that genotype frequencies for 35 of 42 tested SNPs (18 candidate genes) differed between AAs and EAs (corroborated by ancestry informative markers). Among premenopausal AA women, comparing variant allele carriers to non-carriers, reduced breast cancer risk was associated with CXCL5-rs425535 (OR=0.61, P=0.02), while among EA women, there were associations with TNFA-rs1799724 (OR =2.31, P =0.002) and CRP-rs1205 (OR=0.54, P=0.01). For postmenopausal women, IL1B-rs1143627 (OR=1.80, P=0.02) and IL1B-rs16944 (OR=1.85, P =0.02) were associated with risk among EA women, with significant associations for TNFA-rs1799724 limited to estrogen receptor (ER) positive cancers (OR=2.0, P =0.001). However, none of the SNPs retained significance after Bonferroni adjustment for multiple testing at the level of P0.0012 (0.05/42) except for TNFA-rs1799724 in ER positive cancers. In a stage II validation (1,365 AA and 1,307 EA women), we extended evaluations for four SNPs (CCL2-rs4586, CRP-rs1205, CXCL5-rs425535, and IL1RN-rs4251961), which yielded similar results. In summary, distributions of variants in genes involved in innate immune pathways were found to differ between AA and EA populations, and showed differential associations with breast cancer according to menopausal or ER status. These results suggest that immune adaptations suited to ancestral environments may differentially influence breast cancer risk among EA and AA women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong Gong
- Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, USA.
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Clinical significance and prevalence of anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibody in Chinese patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. Clin Exp Med 2012; 13:245-50. [DOI: 10.1007/s10238-012-0207-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2012] [Accepted: 08/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Abstract
Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a chronic inflammatory liver disease characterized by the destruction of medium- to large-sized bile ducts and intense concentric fibrosis. Complications from PSC include bacterial cholangitis, cirrhosis, and cholangiocarcinoma and a therapy that might alter the natural history of the disease remains lacking. Our understanding of the pathogenesis of PSC also remains rudimentary but the strong association between PSC and inflammatory bowel disease suggest causal links between the diseases. The male predominance in PSC, lack of a defined, pathogenic auto-antigen, and the potential role of the innate immune system suggest that PSC may be due to dysregulation of immunity rather than a classic autoimmune disease. However, PSC shares several genetic susceptibility loci with other autoimmune diseases including the human leukocyte antigen DRB01*03 haplotype. The precise immune response of PSC is largely unknown but likely involves activation of the innate immune system by bacterial components delivered to the liver via the portal vein. Induction of adhesion molecules and chemokines leads to the recruitment of intestinal lymphocytes. Bile duct injury results from the sustained inflammation and production of inflammatory cytokines. Biliary strictures may cause further damage as a result of bile stasis and recurrent secondary bacterial cholangitis. Progress in our basic understanding of PSC is desperately needed in order to rationally design new therapeutic approaches to this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher L Bowlus
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, USA.
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Xuan C, Zhang BB, Yang T, Deng KF, Li M, Tian RJ. Association between OCTN1/2 gene polymorphisms (1672C-T, 207G-C) and susceptibility of Crohn's disease: a meta-analysis. Int J Colorectal Dis 2012; 27:11-9. [PMID: 21706137 DOI: 10.1007/s00384-011-1265-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/10/2011] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Although a number of genetic studies have attempted to link organic cation transporter 1/2 (OCTN1/2) polymorphisms to susceptibility of Crohn's disease (CD), the results were often inconsistent. The present study aimed at investigating the associations. METHODS The PubMed, EBSCO, and BIOSIS databases were searched to identify eligible studies which were published in English before April 2011. The association was assessed by odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS A total of 15 case-control studies, containing 4,489 cases/5,351 controls for OCTN1 and 4,474 cases/5,377 controls for OCTN2 were included. Overall, significant associations were found between OCTN1/2 polymorphisms and susceptibility of Crohn's disease for all genetic models. In the subgroup analyses, significant associations were found in the Caucasian population for OCTN1 (TT vs. CC: OR = 1.425, 95% CI 1.247-1.628; TT vs. CT: OR = 1.299, 95% CI 1.149-1.468; dominant model: OR = 1.344, 95% CI 1.197-1.508; and recessive model: OR = 1.179, 95% CI 1.066-1.305) and for OCTN2 (CC vs. GG: OR = 1.309, 95% CI 1.078-1.588; CC vs. CG: OR = 1.200, 95% CI 1.002-1.438; dominant model (OR = 1.231, 95% CI 1.036-1.462; recessive model: OR = 1.148, 95% CI 1.031-1.279). Significant associations were not found in the East Asian population. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis suggests that OCTN1/2 polymorphisms were associated with susceptibility of CD in the Caucasian population but not in the East Asian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Xuan
- Medical College of NanKai University, No.94, the Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Kutikhin AG. Role of NOD1/CARD4 and NOD2/CARD15 gene polymorphisms in cancer etiology. Hum Immunol 2011; 72:955-68. [PMID: 21745515 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2011.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2011] [Revised: 05/30/2011] [Accepted: 06/08/2011] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
NOD1/CARD4 and NOD2/CARD15 are members of Nod-like receptor family. They are located in cytosol, bind bacterial and viral ligands and play a key role in realization of innate and adaptive immune response, apoptosis, autophagy, and reactive oxygen species generation. Polymorphisms in NOD1/CARD4 and NOD2/CARD15 genes may shift balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, modulating the risk of infection, chronic inflammation and cancer. NOD1/CARD4 and NOD2/CARD15 gene polymorphisms may be associated with altered risk of gastric, colorectal, breast, ovarian, prostate, testicular, lung, laryngeal, liver, gallbladder, biliary tract, pancreatic, small bowel, kidney, urinary bladder cancer, skin cancer, nonthyroid endocrine tumors, lymphoma and leukemia. The short list of such polymorphisms perspective for oncogenomic investigations may include rs2006847, rs2066845, rs2066844, rs2066842, ND(1)+32656, rs2075820 whereas rs104895493, rs104895476, rs104895475, rs104895474, rs104895473, rs104895472, rs104895462, rs104895461, rs104895460, rs104895438, rs5743291, rs5743260, rs2076756, rs2066843, Pro371Thr, Ala794Pro, Gln908His, rs72551113, rs72551107, rs6958571, rs2907749, rs2907748, rs2075822, rs2075819, rs2075818 may be added to the extended list. Reasons of discrepancies between different studies include confounding host genetic, bacterial, or environmental factors modulating penetrance of variant allele and affecting risk of condition increasing cancer risk, different bacterial impact in aetiology of such conditions, differences in sample size, clinicopathological characteristics, diagnostics, stratification, genotyping methods, and chance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton G Kutikhin
- Department of Epidemiology, Kemerovo State Medical Academy, Kemerovo, Russia.
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Wang J, Wang X, Yang H, Wu D, Wang L, Qian J. Contribution of the IBD5 locus to inflammatory bowel disease: a meta-analysis. Hum Genet 2011; 129:597-609. [PMID: 21279723 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-011-0952-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2010] [Accepted: 01/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate the association of the IBD5 locus to the predisposition of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), a series of meta-analyses between five IBD5 variants (OCTN1 C1672T, OCTN2 G-207C, OCTN1/2 TC haplotype, IGR2096a_1, IGR2198a_1 and IGR2230a_1) and Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) were performed, which included a total of 26 studies. Overall, five IBD5 variants in a per-allele model of inheritance were significantly associated with elevated CD risk (for OCTN1: OR = 1.23, 95% CI = 1.16-1.30, P < 0.001; for OCTN2: OR = 1.20, 95% CI = 1.11-1.30, P < 0.001; for IGR2096a_1: OR = 1.36, 95% CI = 1.24-1.46, P < 0.001; for IGR2198a_1: OR = 1.34, 95% CI = 1.24-1.46, P < 0.001; for IGR2230a_1: OR = 1.35, 95% CI = 1.23-1.48, P < 0.001) and OCTN1/2 TC haplotype (OR = 1.32, 95% CI = 1.22-1.43, P < 0.001). In the subgroup analysis, the statistically significant associations were also observed in adult- and pediatric-onset CD and in Caucasians for five IBD5 variants and the OCTN1/2 TC haplotype. A statistically significant increase in the risk of UC was detected in a recessive model of inheritances for OCTN1 (OR = 1.23, 95% CI = 1.08-1.40, P < 0.001), OCTN2 (OR = 1.18, 95% CI = 1.05-1.33, P = 0.006), IGR2096a_1 (OR = 1.37, 95% CI = 1.15-1.62, P < 0.001) and IGR2198a_1 (OR = 1.35, 95% CI = 1.10-1.66, P = 0.004); the increased risks of UC were maintained in the adult and Caucasian subgroups, but not the pediatric subgroup. In summary, our results suggested that the IBD5 locus contributes to the susceptibility of CD in a per-allele manner in adults, children and Caucasians, and the locus contributes to the susceptibility of UC in a recessive manner in adult and Caucasian populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, People's Republic of China
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Presence of anti-microbial antibodies in liver cirrhosis--a tell-tale sign of compromised immunity? PLoS One 2010; 5:e12957. [PMID: 20886039 PMCID: PMC2944893 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0012957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2010] [Accepted: 08/24/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bacterial translocation plays important role in the complications of liver cirrhosis. Antibody formation against various microbial antigens is common in Crohn's disease and considered to be caused by sustained exposure to gut microflora constituents. We hypothesized that anti-microbial antibodies are present in patients with liver cirrhosis and may be associated with the development of bacterial infections. Methodology/Principal Findings Sera of 676 patients with various chronic liver diseases (autoimmune diseases:266, viral hepatitis C:124, and liver cirrhosis of different etiology:286) and 100 controls were assayed for antibodies to Saccharomyces cerevisiae(ASCA) and to antigens derived from two intestinal bacterial isolates (one gram positive, one gram negative, neither is Escherichia coli). In patients with liver cirrhosis, we also prospectively recorded the development of severe episodes of bacterial infection. ASCA and anti-OMP Plus™ antibodies were present in 38.5% and 62.6% of patients with cirrhosis and in 16% and 20% of controls, respectively (p<0.001). Occurrence of these antibodies was more frequent in cases of advanced cirrhosis (according to Child-Pugh and MELD score; p<0.001) or in the presence of ascites (p<0.001). During the median follow-up of 425 days, 81 patients (28.3%) presented with severe bacterial infections. Anti-microbial antibody titers (p = 0.003), as well as multiple seroreactivity (p = 0.036), was associated with infectious events. In logistic regression analysis, the presence of ascites (OR:1.62, 95%CI:1.16–2.25), co-morbidities (OR:2.22, 95%CI:1.27–3.86), and ASCA positivity (OR:1.59, 95%CI:1.07–2.36) were independent risk factors for severe infections. A shorter time period until the first infection was associated with the presence of ASCA (p = 0.03) and multiple seropositivity (p = 0.037) by Kaplan-Meier analysis, and with Child-Pugh stage (p = 0.018, OR:1.85) and co-morbidities (p<0.001, OR:2.02) by Cox-regression analysis. Conclusions/Significance The present study suggests that systemic reactivity to microbial components reflects compromised mucosal immunity in patients with liver cirrhosis, further supporting the possible role of bacterial translocation in the formation of anti-microbial antibodies.
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Brest P, Corcelle E, Cesaro A, Chargui A, Belaïd A, Klionsky D, Vouret-Craviari V, Hebuterne X, Hofman P, Mograbi B. Autophagy and Crohn's disease: at the crossroads of infection, inflammation, immunity, and cancer. Curr Mol Med 2010; 10:486-502. [PMID: 20540703 PMCID: PMC3655526 DOI: 10.2174/156652410791608252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2009] [Accepted: 11/13/2009] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are common inflammatory disorders of the gastrointestinal tract that include ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD). The incidences of IBD are high in North America and Europe, affecting as many as one in 500 people. These diseases are associated with high morbidity and mortality. Colorectal cancer risk is also increased in IBD, correlating with inflammation severity and duration. IBD are now recognized as complex multigenetic disorders involving at least 32 different risk loci. In 2007, two different autophagy-related genes, ATG16L1 (autophagy-related gene 16-like 1) and IRGM (immunity-related GTPase M) were shown to be specifically involved in CD susceptibility by three independent genome-wide association studies. Soon afterwards, more than forty studies confirmed the involvement of ATG16L1 and IRGM variants in CD susceptibility and gave new information on the importance of macroautophagy (hereafter referred to as autophagy) in the control of infection, inflammation, immunity and cancer. In this review, we discuss how such findings have undoubtedly changed our understanding of CD pathogenesis. A unifying autophagy model then emerges that may help in understanding the development of CD from bacterial infection, to inflammation and finally cancer. The Pandora's box is now open, releasing a wave of hope for new therapeutic strategies in treating Crohn's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Brest
- Inserm ERI-21/EA 4319, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France
| | - E.A. Corcelle
- Apoptosis Department and Centre for Genotoxic Stress Research, Institute of Cancer Biology, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - A. Cesaro
- Inserm ERI-21/EA 4319, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France
| | - A. Chargui
- Inserm ERI-21/EA 4319, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France
| | - A. Belaïd
- Inserm ERI-21/EA 4319, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France
| | - D.J. Klionsky
- University of Michigan, Life Sciences Institute, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - V. Vouret-Craviari
- Inserm ERI-21/EA 4319, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France
| | - X. Hebuterne
- Inserm ERI-21/EA 4319, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Pôle Digestif, Hôpital L'Archet II, Nice, France
| | - P. Hofman
- Inserm ERI-21/EA 4319, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Pasteur Hospital, Nice, France
| | - B. Mograbi
- Inserm ERI-21/EA 4319, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France
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Cheng JF, Ning YJ, Zhang W, Lu ZH, Lin L. T300A polymorphism of ATG16L1 and susceptibility to inflammatory bowel diseases: A meta-analysis. World J Gastroenterol 2010; 16:1258-66. [PMID: 20222171 PMCID: PMC2839180 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v16.i10.1258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To evaluate the association of the autophagy-related 16-like 1 (ATG16L1) T300A polymorphism (rs2241880) with predisposition to inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) by means of meta-analysis.
METHODS: Publications addressing the relationship between rs2241880/T300A polymorphism of ATG16L1 and Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) were selected from the MEDLINE and EMBASE databases. To make direct comparisons between the data collected in these studies, the individual authors were contacted when necessary to generate a standardized set of data from these studies. From these data, odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated.
RESULTS: Twenty-five studies of CD were analyzed, 14 of which involved cases of UC. The variant G allele of ATG16L1 was positively associated with CD (OR = 1.32, 95% CI: 1.26-1.39, P < 0.00001) and UC (OR = 1.06, 95% CI: 1.01-1.10, P = 0.02). For child-onset IBD, a higher G allele frequency was found for cases of CD (OR = 1.35, 95% CI: 1.16-1.57, P = 0.0001) than for cases of UC (OR = 0.98, 95% CI: 0.81-1.19, P = 0.84) relative to controls.
CONCLUSION: The ATG16L1 T300A polymorphism contributes to susceptibility to CD and UC in adults, but different in children, which implicates a role for autophagy in the pathogenesis of IBD.
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Li Y, Mao Q, Shen L, Tian Y, Yu C, Zhu WM, Li JS. Interleukin-23 receptor genetic polymorphisms and Crohn's disease susceptibility: a meta-analysis. Inflamm Res 2010; 59:607-14. [PMID: 20157760 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-010-0171-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2009] [Revised: 01/22/2010] [Accepted: 02/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was designed to evaluate whether interleukin-23 receptor (IL-23R) polymorphisms were associated with Crohn's disease (CD) susceptibility. METHODS PubMed, MEDLINE, and Embase were searched for studies that investigated the IL-23R variants and CD risk. Meta-analysis from all eligible case-control studies was performed to assess the purported associations. RESULTS Our analysis found that variant minor alleles for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs11209026 (Arg381Gln) (P < 0.00001, OR = 0.43, 95% CI (0.37-0.50)) and rs7517847 (G/G vs. T/T, P < 0.00001, OR = 0.49, 95% CI (0.38-0.64); G/G vs. T/G + T/T, (P < 0.00001, OR = 0.56, 95% CI (0.44-0.72); T/G + G/G vs. T/T, (P < 0.00001, OR = 0.71, 95% CI (0.64-0.79) of IL-23R were inversely associated with CD risk; sensitivity analysis also indicated that Caucasian population with a variant of Arg381Gln has a decreased risk for developing CD (P < 0.00001, OR = 0.43, 95% CI (0.36-0.50)). CONCLUSION Our meta-analysis supports that two polymorphisms (Arg381Gln and rs7517847) within the IL-23R gene may be considered to be protective factors against developing CD. Further large case-control studies especially concerning ethnicity differences and genotype-phenotype interaction should be performed to clarify possible roles of IL-23R in CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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Aron JH, Bowlus CL. The immunobiology of primary sclerosing cholangitis. Semin Immunopathol 2009; 31:383-97. [PMID: 19468733 PMCID: PMC2758173 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-009-0154-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2009] [Accepted: 05/06/2009] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a chronic cholestatic liver disease histologically characterized by the presence of intrahepatic and/or extrahepatic biliary duct concentric, obliterative fibrosis, eventually leading to cirrhosis. Approximately 75% of patients with PSC have inflammatory bowel disease. The male predominance of PSC, the lack of a defined, pathogenic autoantigen, and the potential role of the innate immune system suggest that it may be due to dysregulation of immunity rather than a classic autoimmune disease. However, PSC is associated with several classic autoimmune diseases, and the strongest genetic link to PSC identified to date is with the human leukocyte antigen DRB01*03 haplotype. The precise immunopathogenesis of PSC is largely unknown but likely involves activation of the innate immune system by bacterial components delivered to the liver via the portal vein. Induction of adhesion molecules and chemokines leads to the recruitment of intestinal lymphocytes. Bile duct injury results from the sustained inflammation and production of inflammatory cytokines. Biliary strictures may cause further damage as a result of bile stasis and recurrent secondary bacterial cholangitis. Currently, there is no effective therapy for PSC and developing a rational therapeutic strategy demands a better understanding of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan H Aron
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis Medical Center, 4150 V Street, PSSB 3100, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
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Zhang HF, Qiu LX, Chen Y, Zhu WL, Mao C, Zhu LG, Zheng MH, Wang Y, Lei L, Shi J. ATG16L1 T300A polymorphism and Crohn's disease susceptibility: evidence from 13,022 cases and 17,532 controls. Hum Genet 2009; 125:627-31. [PMID: 19337756 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-009-0660-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2008] [Accepted: 03/21/2009] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Many studies have reported the association between the autophagy-related 16-like 1 gene (ATG16L1) T300A polymorphism (rs2241880) and Crohn's disease (CD) susceptibility, but the results were inconclusive. To derive a more precise estimation of the relationship, a meta-analysis was performed. A total of 24 studies including 13,022 cases and 17,532 controls were included in this meta-analysis. Logistic regression analysis indicated that the ATG16L1 T300A polymorphism was associated with CD risk in Caucasians (P < 0.01). The pooled estimations of OR(1) (GG vs. AA) and OR(2) (GA vs. AA) in Caucasian studies by Bayesian meta-analysis method was [1.87, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.69-2.05] and (1.39, 95% CI 1.27-1.51), respectively. The mode of heritance of the G allele was most likely to be co-dominant in Caucasians. However, no significant association was found in Asians. This meta-analysis suggests that the G allele of ATG16L1 T300A is a low-penetrant gene for developing CD in Caucasians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Feng Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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