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Altman J, Bai S, Purohit S, White J, Steed D, Liu S, Hopkins D, She JX, Sharma A, Zhi W. A candidate panel of eight urinary proteins shows potential of early diagnosis and risk assessment for diabetic kidney disease in type 1 diabetes. J Proteomics 2024; 300:105167. [PMID: 38574989 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2024.105167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) poses a significant health challenge for individuals with diabetes. At its initial stages, DKD often presents asymptomatically, and the standard for non-invasive diagnosis, the albumin-creatinine ratio (ACR), employs discrete categorizations (normal, microalbuminuria, macroalbuminuria) with limitations in sensitivity and specificity across diverse population cohorts. Single biomarker reliance further restricts the predictive value in clinical settings. Given the escalating prevalence of diabetes, our study uses proteomic technologies to identify novel urinary proteins as supplementary DKD biomarkers. A total of 158 T1D subjects provided urine samples, with 28 (15 DKD; 13 non-DKD) used in the discovery stage and 131 (45 DKD; 40 pDKD; 46 non-DKD) used in the confirmation. We identified eight proteins (A1BG, AMBP, AZGP1, BTD, RBP4, ORM2, GM2A, and PGCP), all of which demonstrated excellent area-under-the-curve (AUC) values (0.959 to 0.995) in distinguishing DKD from non-DKD. Furthermore, this multi-marker panel successfully segregated the most ambiguous group (microalbuminuria) into three distinct clusters, with 80% of subjects aligning either as DKD or non-DKD. The remaining 20% exhibited continued uncertainty. Overall, the use of these candidate urinary proteins allowed for the better classification of DKD and offered potential for significant improvements in the early identification of DKD in T1D populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Altman
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
| | - Shan Bai
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
| | - Sharad Purohit
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
| | - John White
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
| | - Dennis Steed
- Southeastern Endocrine and Diabetes, Atlanta, GA 30076, USA
| | - Su Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Jiangsu Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province
| | - Diane Hopkins
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
| | - Jin-Xiong She
- Jinfiniti Precision Medicine, Augusta, GA 30901, USA.
| | - Ashok Sharma
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; Department of Population Health Sciences, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
| | - Wenbo Zhi
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
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Sonkar SK, Gupta A, Sonkar GK, Usman K, Bhosale V, Kumar S, Sharma S. Zinc Alpha 2 Glycoprotein as an Early Biomarker of Diabetic Nephropathy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients. Cureus 2023; 15:e36011. [PMID: 37051007 PMCID: PMC10085351 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.36011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and objectives Microalbuminuria is an early sign of diabetic nephropathy (DN). However, pathological abnormalities occur before the onset of microalbuminuria. Renal impairment progresses in about 50% of cases in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) without significant albuminuria. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is linked with obesity, metabolic syndrome, and lifestyle changes, where adipokines play an important role. Zinc alpha 2 glycoprotein (ZAGP) is an adipokine, and in this study, it was assessed as a potential biomarker for early DN as well as its progression. Materials and methods This study was a cross-sectional case-control study conducted at a tertiary hospital in northern India. T2DM patients aged 18-65 years old were included in the study and were divided into four groups based on their albuminuria level. This study included 160 participants, with 40 participants in each group. Group I included healthy volunteers, while Groups II, III, and IV were normoalbuminuric, microalbuminuric, and macroalbuminuric diabetic patients, respectively. The groups were evaluated for demographic variables, biochemical parameters, urine albumin-creatinine ratio (UACR), and serum ZAGP. Data between the groups were compared statistically. Results This study included 160 participants, with 40 participants in each group. There was a significant difference between the groups based on the serum ZAGP (p<0.001). Serum ZAGP was significantly negatively correlated with serum creatinine, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), serum cholesterol, serum triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and UACR. ZAGP was positively correlated with the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Conclusion The present study showed that ZAGP was an early biomarker of diabetic nephropathy, and its value decreased as DN progressed. It also suggested that ZAGP, an adipokine, has an anti-inflammatory mechanism of action and its depletion worsens the disease.
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Martínez-Montoro JI, Ocaña-Wilhelmi L, Soler-Humanes R, Motahari-Rad H, González-Jiménez A, Rivas-Becerra J, Rodríguez-Muñoz A, Moreno-Ruiz FJ, Tomé M, Rodríguez-Capitán J, García-Fuentes E, Tinahones FJ, Garrido-Sánchez L, Murri M. Evaluation of Adipose Tissue Zinc-Alpha 2-Glycoprotein Gene Expression and Its Relationship with Metabolic Status and Bariatric Surgery Outcomes in Patients with Class III Obesity. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10071502. [PMID: 35884810 PMCID: PMC9312495 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc-α2 glycoprotein (ZAG) is an adipokine involved in adipocyte metabolism with potential implications in the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders. Our aim was to evaluate the relationship between visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) ZAG expression and metabolic parameters in patients with class III obesity, along with the impact of basal ZAG expression on short- and medium-term outcomes related to bariatric surgery. 41 patients with class III obesity who underwent bariatric surgery were included in this study. ZAG gene expression was quantified in SAT and VAT. Patients were classified into two groups according to SAT and VAT ZAG percentile. Anthropometric and biochemical variables were obtained before and 15 days, 45 days, and 1 year after surgery. The lower basal SAT ZAG expression percentile was associated with higher weight and waist circumference, while the lower basal VAT ZAG expression percentile was associated with higher weight, waist circumference, insulin, insulin resistance, and the presence of metabolic syndrome. Basal SAT ZAG expression was inversely related to weight loss at 45 days after surgery, whereas no associations were found between basal VAT ZAG expression and weight loss after surgery. Additionally, a negative association was observed between basal SAT and VAT ZAG expression and the decrease of gamma-glutamyl transferase after bariatric surgery. Therefore, lower SAT and VAT ZAG expression levels were associated with an adverse metabolic profile. However, this fact did not seem to confer worse bariatric surgery-related outcomes. Further research is needed to assess the clinical significance of the role of ZAG expression levels in the dynamics of hepatic enzymes after bariatric surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Ignacio Martínez-Montoro
- Clinical Management Unit (UGC) of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, 29010 Malaga, Spain; (J.I.M.-M.); (L.G.-S.); (M.M.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Malaga (IBIMA), 29010 Malaga, Spain; (M.T.); (J.R.-C.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaga, 29010 Malaga, Spain;
| | - Luis Ocaña-Wilhelmi
- Clinical Management Unit (UGC) of General and Digestive Surgery, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, 29010 Malaga, Spain; (L.O.-W.); (R.S.-H.)
| | - Rocío Soler-Humanes
- Clinical Management Unit (UGC) of General and Digestive Surgery, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, 29010 Malaga, Spain; (L.O.-W.); (R.S.-H.)
| | - Hanieh Motahari-Rad
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14117-13116, Iran;
| | - Andrés González-Jiménez
- Common Support Structures (ECAI) Bioinformática, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Malaga (IBIMA), 29010 Malaga, Spain;
| | - José Rivas-Becerra
- Department of General, Digestive and Transplant Surgery, Regional University Hospital of Malaga, 29010 Malaga, Spain; (J.R.-B.); (F.J.M.-R.)
| | | | - Francisco J. Moreno-Ruiz
- Department of General, Digestive and Transplant Surgery, Regional University Hospital of Malaga, 29010 Malaga, Spain; (J.R.-B.); (F.J.M.-R.)
| | - Mónica Tomé
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Malaga (IBIMA), 29010 Malaga, Spain; (M.T.); (J.R.-C.)
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Regional University Hospital of Malaga, 29010 Malaga, Spain
| | - Jorge Rodríguez-Capitán
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Malaga (IBIMA), 29010 Malaga, Spain; (M.T.); (J.R.-C.)
- Clinical Management Unit (UGC) of Heart, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, 29010 Malaga, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo García-Fuentes
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Malaga (IBIMA), 29010 Malaga, Spain; (M.T.); (J.R.-C.)
- Department of Gastroenterology, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, 29010 Malaga, Spain
- Correspondence: (E.G.-F.); (F.J.T.)
| | - Francisco J. Tinahones
- Clinical Management Unit (UGC) of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, 29010 Malaga, Spain; (J.I.M.-M.); (L.G.-S.); (M.M.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Malaga (IBIMA), 29010 Malaga, Spain; (M.T.); (J.R.-C.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaga, 29010 Malaga, Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (E.G.-F.); (F.J.T.)
| | - Lourdes Garrido-Sánchez
- Clinical Management Unit (UGC) of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, 29010 Malaga, Spain; (J.I.M.-M.); (L.G.-S.); (M.M.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Malaga (IBIMA), 29010 Malaga, Spain; (M.T.); (J.R.-C.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mora Murri
- Clinical Management Unit (UGC) of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, 29010 Malaga, Spain; (J.I.M.-M.); (L.G.-S.); (M.M.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Malaga (IBIMA), 29010 Malaga, Spain; (M.T.); (J.R.-C.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Adipose and serum zinc alpha-2-glycoprotein (ZAG) expressions predict longitudinal change of adiposity, wasting and predict survival in dialysis patients. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9087. [PMID: 35641588 PMCID: PMC9158927 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13149-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
There were limited data on adipose and serum zinc alpha-2-glycoprotein (ZAG) expression and its association with body composition in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD). This study aimed to quantify adipose and serum ZAG expression and evaluate their association with body composition and its longitudinal change, together with mortality in incident dialysis patients. We performed a single-center prospective cohort study. Patients who were planned for peritoneal dialysis were recruited. ZAG levels were measured from serum sample, subcutaneous and pre-peritoneal fat tissue obtained during peritoneal dialysis catheter insertion. Body composition and functional state were evaluated by bioimpedance spectroscopy and Clinical Frailty Scale respectively at baseline and were repeated 1 year later. Primary outcome was 2-year survival. Secondary outcomes were longitudinal changes of body composition. At baseline, the average adipose and serum ZAG expression was 13.4 ± 130.0-fold and 74.7 ± 20.9 µg/ml respectively. Both adipose and serum ZAG expressions independently predicted adipose tissue mass (ATM) (p = 0.001, p = 0.008, respectively). At 1 year, ATM increased by 3.3 ± 7.4 kg (p < 0.001) while lean tissue mass (LTM) remained similar (p = 0.5). Adipose but not serum ZAG level predicted change in ATM (p = 0.007) and LTM (p = 0.01). Serum ZAG level predicted overall survival (p = 0.005) and risk of infection-related death (p = 0.045) after adjusting for confounders. In conclusion, adipose and serum ZAG levels negatively correlated with adiposity and predicted its longitudinal change of fat and lean tissue mass, whilst serum ZAG predicted survival independent of body mass in advanced CKD patient.
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Czaja-Stolc S, Potrykus M, Stankiewicz M, Kaska Ł, Małgorzewicz S. Pro-Inflammatory Profile of Adipokines in Obesity Contributes to Pathogenesis, Nutritional Disorders, and Cardiovascular Risk in Chronic Kidney Disease. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14071457. [PMID: 35406070 PMCID: PMC9002635 DOI: 10.3390/nu14071457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a disease which leads to the development of many other disorders. Excessive accumulation of lipids in adipose tissue (AT) leads to metabolic changes, including hypertrophy of adipocytes, macrophage migration, changes in the composition of immune cells, and impaired secretion of adipokines. Adipokines are cytokines produced by AT and greatly influence human health. Obesity and the pro-inflammatory profile of adipokines lead to the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD) through different mechanisms. In obesity and adipokine profile, there are gender differences that characterize the male gender as more susceptible to metabolic disorders accompanying obesity, including impaired renal function. The relationship between impaired adipokine secretion and renal disease is two-sided. In the developed CKD, the concentration of adipokines in the serum is additionally disturbed due to their insufficient excretion by the excretory system caused by renal pathology. Increased levels of adipokines affect the nutritional status and cardiovascular risk (CVR) of patients with CKD. This article aims to systematize the current knowledge on the influence of obesity, AT, and adipokine secretion disorders on the pathogenesis of CKD and their influence on nutritional status and CVR in patients with CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Czaja-Stolc
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland; (M.S.); (S.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-(58)-349-27-24
| | - Marta Potrykus
- Department of General, Endocrine and Transplant Surgery, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland; (M.P.); (Ł.K.)
| | - Marta Stankiewicz
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland; (M.S.); (S.M.)
| | - Łukasz Kaska
- Department of General, Endocrine and Transplant Surgery, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland; (M.P.); (Ł.K.)
| | - Sylwia Małgorzewicz
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland; (M.S.); (S.M.)
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The Therapeutic Potential of Zinc-Alpha2-Glycoprotein (AZGP1) in Fibrotic Kidney Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020646. [PMID: 35054830 PMCID: PMC8775758 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by a long-term loss of kidney function and, in most cases, by progressive fibrosis. Zinc-alpha2-glycoprotein (AZGP1) is a secreted protein, which is expressed in many different tissues and has been associated with a variety of functions. In a previous study, we have shown in cell culture and in AZGP1 deficient mice that AZGP1 has protective anti-fibrotic effects. In the present study, we tested the therapeutic potential of an experimental increase in AZGP1 using two different strategies. (1) C57Bl/6J mice were treated systemically with recombinant AZGP1, and (2) a transgenic mouse strain was generated to overexpress AZGP1 conditionally in proximal tubular cells. Mice underwent unilateral uretic obstruction as a pro-fibrotic kidney stress model, and kidneys were examined after 14 days. Recombinant AZGP1 treatment was accompanied by better preservation of tubular integrity, reduced collagen deposition, and lower expression of injury and fibrosis markers. Weaker but similar tendencies were observed in transgenic AZGP1 overexpressing mice. Higher AZGP1 levels led to a significant reduction in stress-induced accumulation of tubular lipid droplets, which was paralleled by improved expression of key players in lipid metabolism and fatty acid oxidation. Together these data show beneficial effects of elevated AZGP1 levels in fibrotic kidney disease and highlight a novel link to tubular cell lipid metabolism, which might open up new opportunities for CKD treatment.
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Shigefuku R, Iwasa M, Eguchi A, Tempaku M, Tamai Y, Suzuki T, Takei Y. Serum Copeptin and Zinc-α2-glycoprotein Levels Are Novel Biomarkers of Tolvaptan Treatment in Decompensated Cirrhotic Patients with Ascites. Intern Med 2021; 60:3359-3368. [PMID: 34719623 PMCID: PMC8627803 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.7291-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The efficacy of tolvaptan, an orally active vasopressin V2-receptor antagonist, has recently been reported in patients with massive ascites unresponsive to conventional diuretics. However, the effect of tolvaptan varies among patients. Recently, the prognostic role of the tolvaptan response in cases of decompensated liver cirrhosis (LC) has been attracting increasing attention. Using serum copeptin (vasopressin precursor), zinc-α2-glycoprotein (ZAG), cystatin C (renal biomarker), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and liver-type fatty acid-binding protein (L-FABP), we explored which factors portend a good response to tolvaptan in LC patients with ascites. Methods We enrolled 113 LC patients and divided them into the tolvaptan treatment group and non-treatment group. Tolvaptan (3.75 or 7.5 mg/day) was administrated to 38 LC patients with ascites, and a follow-up assessment was performed after a 7-day tolvaptan treatment regimen. Results We determined the predictive ability for kidney and/or liver damage of serum copeptin, ZAG, cystatin C, NGAL and L-FABP levels in all patients. After 7-day tolvaptan treatment, 19 patients had lost more than 1.5 kg of body weight (Responders), while 19 showed no marked change in their body weight (Non-responders). Basal blood urea nitrogen (BUN) (p=0.0014), serum copeptin (p=0.0265) and serum ZAG levels (p=0.0142) were significantly higher in the Non-responders than in the Responders. BUN (odds ratio 7.43, p=0.0306), copeptin (odds ratio 9.12, p=0.0136) and ZAG (odds ratio 7.43, p=0.0306) were determined to be predictive factors of drug responsiveness using a multivariate logistic regression analysis. Conclusion Serum BUN, copeptin and ZAG levels predict the patient response to tolvaptan, even when measured prior to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuta Shigefuku
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Motoh Iwasa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Akiko Eguchi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Mina Tempaku
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Tamai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Suzuki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Takei
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
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Hossain MS, Amin MN, Das A, Khan AKMJH, Sohel M, Ahmed J, Islam MM, Hossain MS, Rahman MM, Nesa ML, Islam MS. Increased lipid peroxidation, depleted non-enzymatic antioxidant, and variability in trace elements concentration in serum are correlated with Bangladeshi end-stage renal disease population. Health Sci Rep 2021; 4:e348. [PMID: 34401525 PMCID: PMC8345328 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION End-stage renal disease (ESRD) is an abnormality where the kidneys are not usually working. This case-control study was planned to determine the extent of serum lipid peroxidation, non-enzymatic antioxidant (vitamin c), and trace elements in 50 patients with ESRD as cases and 50 normal healthy individuals as controls. METHODS Determination of lipid peroxidation was carried out by ascertaining concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) and vitamin C in serum using UV spectrophotometry whereas atomic absorption spectroscopy was used for trace elements estimation. The statistical analysis was conducted via the independent t-test samples and Pearson correlation test. RESULTS The blood serum study has shown substantially higher MDA values than the control level and lowers vitamin C levels in the patient population (P < .001). A negative correlation was found between the vitamin C in serum with BMI and MDA for both patients (r = -0.017 and r = -0.132, respectively) and the control group (r = -0.014 and r = -0.229, respectively) after Pearson's correlation analysis. Regarding trace elements, significantly (P < .001) lower concentrations of zinc, copper, and manganese were found in the patient group than control subjects. Inter-element-relationship established a strong positive harmonization between these studied elements in both the cases of patients and control subjects. CONCLUSION Our results indicate strong associations of the pathogenesis of ESRD with depleted non-enzymatic antioxidant, increased lipid peroxidation, and inconsistency in trace elements concentration in serum, which may provide a prognostic tool for the treatment of this concerning the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammad Nurul Amin
- Department of PharmacyNoakhali Science and Technology UniversityNoakhaliBangladesh
- Department of PharmacyAtish Dipankar University of Science and TechnologyDhakaBangladesh
- Division of Health SciencesPratyasha Health Biomedical Research CenterDhakaBangladesh
| | - Abhijit Das
- Department of PharmacyNoakhali Science and Technology UniversityNoakhaliBangladesh
| | | | - Md Sohel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyMawlana Bhashani Science and Technology UniversityTangailBangladesh
| | - Jamiuddin Ahmed
- Department of PharmacyNoakhali Science and Technology UniversityNoakhaliBangladesh
| | | | - Md. Shahadat Hossain
- Department of PharmacyAtish Dipankar University of Science and TechnologyDhakaBangladesh
| | - Md. Masudur Rahman
- Department of PharmacyAtish Dipankar University of Science and TechnologyDhakaBangladesh
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Kraemer TD, Soerensen-Zender I, Memaran N, Haller H, Melk A, Schmidt BMW, Schmitt R. Changes in AZGP1 Serum Levels and Correlation With Pulse Wave Velocity After Kidney Transplantation. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:692213. [PMID: 34291094 PMCID: PMC8287033 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.692213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Zinc-alpha 2-glycoprotein (AZGP1), a secreted protein with ubiquitous tissue expression, has been controversially linked to the risk of cardiovascular disease. In a cohort of kidney transplant recipients, we measured serum AZGP1 levels after transplantation over a 2 year period and tested for an association with pulse wave velocity as an important parameter indicating future cardiovascular events. Methods: Annual blood sampling and pulse wave velocity measurements were longitudinally performed in 113 kidney transplant recipients. AZGP1 was measured in serum samples using standard ELISA. Association of AZGP1 with pulse wave velocity was longitudinally assessed during follow up of 2 years by mixed longitudinal modeling. Results: AZGP1 serum levels declined significantly after kidney transplantation. This decline was dependent on allograft function as indicated by inverse correlation with eGFR. When corrected for eGFR multivariable analysis revealed an inverse correlation between AZGP1 and pulse wave velocity. This analysis further showed independent associations of older age, higher blood pressure, and higher calcium phosphate product with higher pulse wave velocity. Conclusions: Improved kidney function after transplantation leads to a decline in AZGP1 serum levels. Independent of kidney function and other cardiovascular risk factors lower AZGP1 levels are associated with higher pulse wave velocity in the 2 years after kidney transplantation. These data suggest that AZGP1 might be a potential biomarker for cardiovascular health and a target for improving cardiovascular outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Daniel Kraemer
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Inga Soerensen-Zender
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Nima Memaran
- Department of Pediatric Kidney, Liver, and Metabolic Diseases, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Hermann Haller
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Anette Melk
- Department of Pediatric Kidney, Liver, and Metabolic Diseases, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | | | - Roland Schmitt
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
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Development of a prediction model for mortality and cardiovascular outcomes in older adults taking into account AZGP1. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11792. [PMID: 34083628 PMCID: PMC8175433 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91169-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc-alpha 2-glycoprotein (AZGP1) is a serum protein with postulated functions in metabolism, cancer and cardiovascular disease. We developed new prediction models for mortality or cardiovascular events investigating the predictive potential of serum AZGP1 in a community-based cohort of older adults. We measured AZGP1 (μg/ml) in stored serum samples of 930 individuals of the Berlin Initiative Study, a prospective, population-based cohort of adults aged ≥ 70. We determined the prognostic potential of 20 knowledge-based predictors including AZGP1 for the outcomes of mortality or the composite endpoint of death and cardiovascular events (stroke, myocardial infarction (MI)) using Cox models; their model fit was evaluated with calibration plots, goodness-of-fit tests and c-indices. During median follow-up of 48.3 months, 70 incident strokes, 38 incident MI and 234 deaths occurred. We found no associations or correlations between AZGP1 and other candidate variables. After multivariable Cox regression with backward-selection AZGP1 remained in both models for mortality (HR = 0.44, 95%CI: 0.24–0.80) and for the composite endpoint (HR = 0.43, 95%CI: 0.23–0.82). Within newly built prediction models, we found that increased AZGP1 levels were predictive for lower risk of mortality and the composite endpoint in older adults. AZGP1 as a predictor warrants further validation in older adults.
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de Souza TC, de Souza TC, Rovadoscki GA, Coutinho LL, Mourão GB, de Camargo GMF, Costa RB, de Carvalho GGP, Pedrosa VB, Pinto LFB. Genome-wide association for plasma urea concentration in sheep. Livest Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2021.104483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Lavinya AA, Lee CS, Hashim OH, Azwa I, Rajasuriar R, Lim SK, Wong YF. Proteomics analysis of blood plasma in HIV-infected patients with chronic kidney disease. Clin Biochem 2019; 73:90-97. [PMID: 31401122 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2019.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients treated for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection are prone to developing chronic kidney disease (CKD). Current methods used in assessing kidney function suffer inaccuracy in HIV-infected patients. This study aims to identify biomarkers that could complement existing methods of kidney assessment among HIV-infected subjects. METHODS Plasma protein profiling was performed for HIV patients with CKD presented with negative/trace proteinuria (non-proteinuric) (n = 8) and their matched non-CKD controls, using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE); selected protein candidates were identified using mass spectrometry. Subsequently, altered plasma abundance of protein candidates were verified using Western blotting in HIV-infected subjects with non-proteinuric CKD (n = 8), proteinuric CKD (n = 5), and their matched non-CKD controls, as well as in HIV-uninfected subjects with impaired kidney function (n = 3) and their matched controls. RESULTS Analysis of 2DE found significantly altered abundance of five protein candidates between HIV-infected patients with non-proteinuric CKD and without CKD: alpha-1-microglobulin (A1M), serum albumin (ALB), zinc-alpha-2-glycoprotein (AZGP1), haptoglobin (HP), and retinol binding protein (RBP4). Western blotting showed an increased abundance of A1M and HP in HIV-infected patients with non-proteinuric CKD compared to their non-CKD controls, whereas A1M, AZGP1, and RBP4 were significantly increased in HIV-infected patients with proteinuric CKD compared to their non-CKD controls. Such pattern was not found in HIV-uninfected subjects with impaired kidney function. CONCLUSION The data suggests four proteins that may be used as biomarkers of CKD in HIV-infected patients. Further validation in a larger cohort of HIV-infected patients is necessary for assessing the clinical use of these proposed biomarkers for CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Anne Lavinya
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Cheng Siang Lee
- Centre of Excellence for Research in AIDS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Onn Haji Hashim
- University of Malaya Centre for Proteomics Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Iskandar Azwa
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Reena Rajasuriar
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Centre of Excellence for Research in AIDS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Soo Kun Lim
- Nephrology Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yuen Fei Wong
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Bouchara A, Yi D, Pastural M, Granjon S, Selag JC, Laville M, Arkouche W, Pelletier S, Fouque D, Soulage CO, Koppe L. Serum levels of the adipokine zinc-alpha2-glycoprotein (ZAG) predict mortality in hemodialysis patients. Kidney Int 2019; 94:983-992. [PMID: 30348306 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2018.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Wasting has been associated with increased cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in chronic kidney disease (CKD). We investigated whether serum zinc-alpha2-glycoprotein (ZAG), a potent cachectic and lipid-mobilizing factor that is increased in patients with CKD, predicts clinical outcomes in patients on chronic hemodialysis. We quantified serum ZAG at baseline in a prospective cohort of 252 patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis. Serum ZAG concentrations were inversely associated with serum albumin, creatinine, and triglycerides and, conversely, positively associated with age. Although ZAG is strongly linked to protein energy wasting (PEW) in patients with cancer, higher ZAG concentrations were not associated with PEW in our cohort. During a mean study follow-up of 954 days, 49 patients died and 62 patients experienced a cardiovascular event. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed a significant correlation between serum ZAG concentrations and all-cause mortality and cardiovascular events. In separate multivariable Cox regression models, serum ZAG concentrations remained significantly associated with all-cause mortality and cardiovascular events after adjustment for demographic factors (age, sex, and dialysis vintage), metabolic parameters (serum albumin, prealbumin, triglycerides, cholesterol, normalized protein catabolic rate, and body mass index), and cardiovascular risk factors (diabetes, dyslipidemia, history of cardiovascular disease, smoking, and diuretic use as a proxy of residual renal function). Thus, serum ZAG appears to be a strong and independent predictor of mortality and cardiovascular events in patients with end-stage renal disease. Further studies are necessary to confirm this association and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs Bouchara
- Department of Nephrology and Nutrition, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Dan Yi
- Laboratoire CarMeN, INSERM U1060, INRA U1397, Université Lyon 1, INSA-Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Myriam Pastural
- Association pour l'Utilisation du Rein Artificiel dans la région Lyonnaise (AURAL), Lyon, France
| | - Samuel Granjon
- Laboratoire d'Analyse Médicale Cerballiance Rhône alpes, Lyon, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Selag
- Association pour l'Utilisation du Rein Artificiel dans la région Lyonnaise (AURAL), Lyon, France
| | - Maurice Laville
- Department of Nephrology and Nutrition, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Walid Arkouche
- Association pour l'Utilisation du Rein Artificiel dans la région Lyonnaise (AURAL), Lyon, France
| | - Solenne Pelletier
- Department of Nephrology and Nutrition, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Denis Fouque
- Department of Nephrology and Nutrition, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud, Pierre-Bénite, France; Laboratoire CarMeN, INSERM U1060, INRA U1397, Université Lyon 1, INSA-Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Christophe O Soulage
- Laboratoire CarMeN, INSERM U1060, INRA U1397, Université Lyon 1, INSA-Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Laetitia Koppe
- Department of Nephrology and Nutrition, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud, Pierre-Bénite, France; Laboratoire CarMeN, INSERM U1060, INRA U1397, Université Lyon 1, INSA-Lyon, Villeurbanne, France.
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Schmitt R. ZAG-a novel biomarker for cardiovascular risk in ESRD patients? Kidney Int 2019; 94:858-860. [PMID: 30348303 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2018.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
End-stage renal disease (ESRD) is associated with an exceedingly high risk of cardiovascular disease. Traditional risk factors function differently in ESRD, which has prompted a search for novel mechanisms and biomarkers. In an observational study, Bouchara et al. identified zinc-alpha2-glycoprotein (ZAG) as a prognostic marker for cardiovascular events and mortality in patients on dialysis. Although the study raises important questions, the results should be interpreted cautiously and need to be confirmed in independent studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Schmitt
- Department of Nephrology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
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15
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Totten SM, Adusumilli R, Kullolli M, Tanimoto C, Brooks JD, Mallick P, Pitteri SJ. Multi-lectin Affinity Chromatography and Quantitative Proteomic Analysis Reveal Differential Glycoform Levels between Prostate Cancer and Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Sera. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6509. [PMID: 29695737 PMCID: PMC5916935 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24270-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently prostate-specific antigen is used for prostate cancer (PCa) screening, however it lacks the necessary specificity for differentiating PCa from other diseases of the prostate such as benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), presenting a clinical need to distinguish these cases at the molecular level. Protein glycosylation plays an important role in a number of cellular processes involved in neoplastic progression and is aberrant in PCa. In this study, we systematically interrogate the alterations in the circulating levels of hundreds of serum proteins and their glycoforms in PCa and BPH samples using multi-lectin affinity chromatography and quantitative mass spectrometry-based proteomics. Specific lectins (AAL, PHA-L and PHA-E) were used to target and chromatographically separate core-fucosylated and highly-branched protein glycoforms for analysis, as differential expression of these glycan types have been previously associated with PCa. Global levels of CD5L, CFP, C8A, BST1, and C7 were significantly increased in the PCa samples. Notable glycoform-specific alterations between BPH and PCa were identified among proteins CD163, C4A, and ATRN in the PHA-L/E fraction and among C4BPB and AZGP1 glycoforms in the AAL fraction. Despite these modest differences, substantial similarities in glycoproteomic profiles were observed between PCa and BPH sera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Totten
- Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Ravali Adusumilli
- Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Majlinda Kullolli
- Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Cheylene Tanimoto
- Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - James D Brooks
- Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Parag Mallick
- Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Sharon J Pitteri
- Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA.
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Hosseinzadeh-Attar MJ, Mahdavi-Mazdeh M, Yaseri M, Zahed NS, Alipoor E. Comparative Assessment of Serum Adipokines Zinc-α2-glycoprotein and Adipose Triglyceride Lipase, and Cardiovascular Risk Factors Between Normal Weight and Obese Patients with Hemodialysis. Arch Med Res 2017; 48:459-466. [PMID: 29128140 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about the potential relationship of obesity, adipose tissue and novel adipokines with cardiometabolic risk factors in end-stage renal disease. Zinc-α2-glycoprotein (ZAG) and adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) are novel adipokines with proposed desirable effects on inflammation, and lipid and glucose metabolism. The aim of this study was to investigate serum concentrations of ZAG and ATGL, and the relationship of these adipokines with cardiovascular risk factors in normal weight (NW) and obese (OB) patients undergoing hemodialysis. METHODS Patients with regular hemodialysis including 44 normal weight (18.5<BMI<25 kg/m2) and 44 obese (BMI≥30 kg/m2) were enrolled. Serum lipid profile, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and nitric oxide metabolites along with ZAG and ATGL concentrations were assessed. RESULTS ZAG concentrations were significantly lower in OB compared to NW group (100 ± 34 vs. 106 ± 31 ng/ml; p = 0.007). No significant difference was observed in ATGL between the two groups. A significant inverse correlation between ZAG and HDL (r = ‒0.236, p = 0.048) and a marginal inverse correlation between ATGL and HDL (r = ‒0.211, p = 0.078) were observed in all patients. ZAG had positive correlations with triglyceride/HDL (r = 0.279, p = 0.019), cholesterol/HDL (r = 0.319, p = 0.007), and LDL/HDL (r = 0.26, p = 0.029) ratios. Among cardiovascular risk factors, only LDL/HDL ratio and hsCRP were significantly higher in OB patients (p = 0.009 and p = 0.038, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Serum concentrations of ZAG, but not ATGL, were significantly lower in the OB group. It appears that obesity overrides the role of hemodialysis in determining ZAG concentration. In contrast, uremic condition might overshadow the role of obesity in determining levels of traditional cardiovascular risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Javad Hosseinzadeh-Attar
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Mitra Mahdavi-Mazdeh
- Iranian Tissue Bank and Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Yaseri
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Narges Sadat Zahed
- Department of Nephrology, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Alipoor
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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A cost-effective method to get insight into the peritoneal dialysate effluent proteome. J Proteomics 2016; 145:207-213. [PMID: 27216641 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2016.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Protein depletion with acetonitrile and protein equalization with dithiothreitol have been assessed with success as proteomics tools for getting insight into the peritoneal dialysate effluent proteome. The methods proposed are cost-effective, fast and easy of handling, and they match the criteria of analytical minimalism: low sample volume and low reagent consumption. Using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and peptide mass fingerprinting, a total of 72 unique proteins were identified. Acetonitrile depletes de PDE proteome from high-abundance proteins, such as albumin, and enriches the sample in apolipo-like proteins. Dithiothreitol equalizes the PDE proteome by diminishing the levels of albumin and enriching the extract in immunoglobulin-like proteins. The annotation per gene ontology term reveals the same biological paths being affected for patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis, namely that the largest number of proteins lost through peritoneal dialysate are extracellular proteins involved in regulation processes through binding. SIGNIFICANCE Renal failure is a growing problem worldwide, and particularly in Europe where the population is getting older.
Up-to-date there is a focus of interest in peritoneal dialysis (PD), as it provides a better quality of life and autonomy of the patients than other renal replacement therapies such as haemodialysis. However, PD can only be used during a short period of years, as the peritoneum lost its permeability through time. Therefore to make a breakthrough in PD and consequently contribute to better healthcare system it is urgent to find a group of biomarkers of peritoneum degradation.
Here we report on two cost-effective methods for protein depletion in peritoneal dialysate effluent (PDE). The use of ACN and DTT over PDE to deplete high abundant proteins or to equalize the concentration of proteins, respectively, performs well and with similar protein profiles than when the same chemicals are used in human plasma samples.
ACN depletes de PDE proteome from large proteins, such as albumin, and enriches the sample in apolipoproteins.
DTT equalizes the PDE proteome by diminishing the levels of large proteins such as albumin and enriching the extract in immunoglobulins.
Although the number and type of proteins identified are different, the annotation per gene ontology term reveals the same biological paths being affected for patients undergoing peritoneal dialysate. Thus, the largest number of proteins lost through peritoneal dialysate belongs to the group of extracellular proteins involved in regulation processes through binding. As for the searching of biomarkers, DTT seems to be the most promising of the two methods because acts as an equalizer and it allows interrogating more proteins in the same sample.
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Husi H, Human C. Molecular determinants of acute kidney injury. J Inj Violence Res 2016; 7:75-86. [PMID: 26104320 PMCID: PMC4522318 DOI: 10.5249/jivr.v7i2.615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a condition that leads to a rapid deterioration of renal function associated with impairment to maintain electrolyte and acid balance, and, if left untreated, ultimately irreversible kidney damage and renal necrosis. There are a number of causes that can trigger AKI, ranging from underlying conditions as well as trauma and surgery. Specifically, the global rise in surgical procedures led to a substantial increase of AKI incidence rates, which in turn impacts on mortality rates, quality of life and economic costs to the healthcare system. However, no effective therapy for AKI exists. Current approaches, such as pharmacological intervention, help in alleviating symptoms in slowing down the progression, but do not prevent or reverse AKI-induced organ damage. Methods: An in-depth understanding of the molecular machinery involved in and modulated by AKI induction and progression is necessary to specifically pharmacologically target key molecules. A major hurdle to devise a successful strategy is the multifactorial and complex nature of the disorder itself, whereby the activation of a number of seemingly independent molecular pathways in the kidney leads to apoptotic and necrotic events. Results: The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system (RAAS) axis appears to be a common element, leading to downstream events such as triggers of immune responses via the NFB pathway. Other pathways intricately linked with AKI-induction and progression are the tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF α) and transforming growth factor beta (TGF β) signaling cascades, as well as a number of other modulators. Surprisingly, it has been shown that the involvement of the glutamatergic axis, believed to be mainly a component of the neurological system, is also a major contributor. Conclusions: Here we address the current understanding of the molecular pathways evoked in AKI, their interplay, and the potential to pharmacologically intervene in the effective prevention and/or progression of AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger Husi
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
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Neto LC, Bacci MR, Sverzutt LC, Costa MG, Alves BCA, Fonseca FL. The Role of Zinc in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients on Hemodialysis: A Systematic Review. Health (London) 2016. [DOI: 10.4236/health.2016.84036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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20
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Peterson RA, Gueniche A, Adam de Beaumais S, Breton L, Dalko-Csiba M, Packer NH. Sweating the small stuff: Glycoproteins in human sweat and their unexplored potential for microbial adhesion. Glycobiology 2015; 26:218-29. [DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwv102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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Sörensen-Zender I, Bhayana S, Susnik N, Rolli V, Batkai S, Baisantry A, Bahram S, Sen P, Teng B, Lindner R, Schiffer M, Thum T, Melk A, Haller H, Schmitt R. Zinc-α2-Glycoprotein Exerts Antifibrotic Effects in Kidney and Heart. J Am Soc Nephrol 2015; 26:2659-68. [PMID: 25788525 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2014050485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc-α2-glycoprotein (AZGP1) is a secreted protein synthesized by epithelial cells and adipocytes that has roles in lipid metabolism, cell cycling, and cancer progression. Our previous findings in AKI indicated a new role for AZGP1 in the regulation of fibrosis, which is a unifying feature of CKD. Using two models of chronic kidney injury, we now show that mice with genetic AZGP1 deletion develop significantly more kidney fibrosis. This destructive phenotype was rescued by injection of recombinant AZGP1. Exposure of AZGP1-deficient mice to cardiac stress by thoracic aortic constriction revealed that antifibrotic effects were not restricted to the kidney but were cardioprotective. In vitro, recombinant AZGP1 inhibited kidney epithelial dedifferentiation and antagonized fibroblast activation by negatively regulating TGF-β signaling. Patient sera with high levels of AZGP1 similarly attenuated TGF-β signaling in fibroblasts. Taken together, these findings indicate a novel role for AZGP1 as a negative regulator of fibrosis progression, suggesting that recombinant AZGP1 may have translational effect for treating fibrotic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Veronique Rolli
- Immunogénétique Moléculaire Humaine, Centre de Recherche d'Immunologie et d'Hématologie, Faculté de Médecine, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; and
| | - Sandor Batkai
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies, Integriertes Forschungs- und Behandlungszentrum Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Arpita Baisantry
- Departments of Nephrology and Hypertension, Pediatric Kidney, Liver, and Metabolic Diseases, and
| | - Siamak Bahram
- Immunogénétique Moléculaire Humaine, Centre de Recherche d'Immunologie et d'Hématologie, Faculté de Médecine, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; and
| | - Payel Sen
- Departments of Nephrology and Hypertension
| | - Beina Teng
- Departments of Nephrology and Hypertension
| | | | | | - Thomas Thum
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies, Integriertes Forschungs- und Behandlungszentrum Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anette Melk
- Pediatric Kidney, Liver, and Metabolic Diseases, and
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Qi X, Zeng Y. Biomarkers and pharmaceutical strategies in steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head: A literature review. J Int Med Res 2014; 43:3-8. [PMID: 25505050 DOI: 10.1177/0300060514554724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The underlying pathology of steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) is unclear but is known to be multifactorial. It is therefore difficult to find a single predictive biomarker for this disease, and multiple biomarkers are likely to contribute to ONFH progression. Investigation of protein–protein interactions is vital in order to elucidate fully the pathogenesis of this disease, and provide new treatment strategies. This review article discusses the known biomarkers and current treatment strategies for ONFH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Qi
- Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yirong Zeng
- First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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Hasson SSA, Al-Balushi MS, Al Yahmadi MH, Al-Busaidi JZ, Said EA, Othman MS, Sallam TA, Idris MA, Al-Jabri AA. High levels of Zinc-α-2-Glycoprotein among Omani AIDS patients on combined antiretroviral therapy. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2014; 4:610-3. [PMID: 25183329 DOI: 10.12980/apjtb.4.201414b126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/20/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the levels of zinc-α-2-glycoprotein (ZAG) among Omani AIDS patients receiving combined antiretroviral therapy (cART). METHODS A total of 80 Omani AIDS patients (45 males and 35 females), average age of 36 years, who were receiving cART at the Sultan Qaboos University Hospital (SQUH), Muscat, Oman, were tested for the levels of ZAG. In addition, 80 healthy blood donors (46 males and 34 females), average age of 26 years, attending the SQUH Blood Bank, were tested in parallel as a control group. Measurement of the ZAG levels was performed using a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. RESULTS The ZAG levels were found to be significantly higher among AIDS patients compared to the healthy individuals (P=0.033). A total of 56 (70%) of the AIDS patients were found to have higher levels of ZAG and 16 (20%) AIDS patients were found to have high ZAG levels, which are significantly (P>0.031) associated with weight loss. CONCLUSIONS ZAG levels are high among Omani AIDS patients on cART and this necessitates the measurement of ZAG on routine basis, as it is associated with weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidgi Syed Anwer Hasson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 35, Muscat, Oman
| | - Mohammed Saeed Al-Balushi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 35, Muscat, Oman
| | - Muzna Hamed Al Yahmadi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 35, Muscat, Oman
| | - Juma Zaid Al-Busaidi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 35, Muscat, Oman
| | - Elias Antony Said
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 35, Muscat, Oman
| | - Mohammed Shafeeq Othman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 35, Muscat, Oman
| | - Talal Abdullah Sallam
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Al-Baha University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Ahmad Idris
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 35, Muscat, Oman
| | - Ali Abdullah Al-Jabri
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 35, Muscat, Oman
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