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Kundu RN, Ghosh A, Chhetri B, Saha I, Hossain MG, Bharati P. Regional with urban-rural variation in low birth weight and its determinants of Indian children: findings from National Family Health Survey 5 data. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2023; 23:616. [PMID: 37641012 PMCID: PMC10464394 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-023-05934-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low birth weight is a key indicator for child health, especially a concern in low-middle-income countries. However, health and medically-related reforms are being actively implemented in some middle-income countries like India. Identifying low birth weight (LBW) babies with their determinants across the whole country is essential to formulate regional and area-specific interventions. The objective of this study was to find out the burden and determinants of LBW on the regional and residential (rural-urban) divisions of India. METHODS The present study was based on the NFHS-5 dataset (2019-21), a nationally representative survey in India. A total of 209,223 births were included in this study. A newborn weighing less than 2500 g was considered as LBW. According to the objectives, we used frequency distribution, chi-square test and binary logistic regression analysis for analysing the data. RESULTS About 18.24% of the babies were LBW in India, significantly higher in rural areas than in urban areas (18.58% vs 17.36%). Regionally prevalence was more frequent in western (20.63%) and central (20.16%) rural areas. Regarding maternal concerns, in the eastern and southern regions of India, mothers aged 25-34 were less likely to have LBW children than mothers aged 35-49 years. It was found that the risk of LBW was more likely among the children born out of unintended pregnancies in almost all regions except for eastern part. In rural India, women who delivered children at home were more likely to have LBW children in India (AOR = 1.19, CI: 1.12-1.28, p < 0.001) and its central, northern, and southern regions than those who gave birth in institutions. The study indicates that LBW coexists with lower maternal education levels and poor household wealth index across all regions. About 58% and 57% of cumulative effects of independent variables on LBW can be distinguished in urban and rural India, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Targeted-specific strategies need to be undertaken as per region and geographical variations. Then only India should be able to decline LBW as proposed by National Health Policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramendra Nath Kundu
- Former Research Fellow, Department of Anthropology, West Bengal State University, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700126, India
| | - Anushka Ghosh
- Junior Research Fellow, Indian Council of Medical Research-Centre for Ageing & Mental Health, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Birshikha Chhetri
- Junior Research Fellow, Indian Council of Medical Research-Centre for Ageing & Mental Health, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Indranil Saha
- Scientist E, Indian Council of Medical Research-Centre for Ageing & Mental Health, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Md Golam Hossain
- Health Research Group, Department of Statistics, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh.
| | - Premananda Bharati
- Former Professor and Head, Biological Anthropology Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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Pedraza DF, Bernardino ÍDM, Lins ACDL. [Weight/head circumference ratio at birth for assessing fetal growth]. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2022; 27:1629-1640. [PMID: 35475841 DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232022274.10142021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The scope of this article was to use the weight/head circumference ratio at birth to assess fetal growth. A cross-sectional study was conducted in a birth cohort in the State of Paraíba, Northeast of Brazil, with 726 children born at term and weighing 2,500 grams or more. The anthropometric measurements, sociodemographic characteristics, gestational care and type of delivery were collected in the first 24 hours after birth of infants were assessed. Infants were classified as proportionate (weight/head circumference ratio ≥0.87) versus disproportionate (<0.87). Lower mean weight/head circumference ratio was identified in newborns of lower gestational age, with lower birth weight, female, from families not benefiting from the Bolsa Família Program, of mothers who did not take folic acid during pregnancy and were born by cesarean section. Mean weight, length, and head circumference were lower among infants with disproportionate weight/head circumference ratio, independently of sex. Weight/head circumference ratio is an important indicator of fetal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dixis Figueroa Pedraza
- Universidade Estadual da Paraíba. Av. das Baraúnas 351 Campus Universitário, 58109-753. Campina Grande PB Brasil.
| | - Ítalo de Macedo Bernardino
- Universidade Estadual da Paraíba. Av. das Baraúnas 351 Campus Universitário, 58109-753. Campina Grande PB Brasil.
| | - Anahi Cézar de Lima Lins
- Universidade Estadual da Paraíba. Av. das Baraúnas 351 Campus Universitário, 58109-753. Campina Grande PB Brasil.
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Di HK, Gan Y, Lu K, Wang C, Zhu Y, Meng X, Xia WQ, Xu MZ, Feng J, Tian QF, He Y, Nie ZQ, Liu JA, Song FJ, Lu ZX. Maternal smoking status during pregnancy and low birth weight in offspring: systematic review and meta-analysis of 55 cohort studies published from 1986 to 2020. World J Pediatr 2022; 18:176-185. [PMID: 35089538 DOI: 10.1007/s12519-021-00501-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal smoking during pregnancy may be associated with low birth weight (LBW) in offspring and global risk estimates have not been summarized previously. We aimed to systematically explore evidence regarding maternal smoking and the LBW risk in offspring globally and examine possible causes of heterogeneity across relevant studies. METHODS Comprehensive search of PubMed, Ovid Embase, Ovid Medline (R), and Web of science from inception until October 2021 was carried out. A random-effects meta-analysis was used to estimate the pooled odds ratio (OR) and corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI). Restricted cubic spline analysis with three knots was used to further examine the dose-response relationship. RESULTS Literature searches yielded 4940 articles, of which 53 met inclusion criteria (comprising 55 independent studies). Maternal smoking during pregnancy was significantly associated with the risk of LBW in offspring (OR = 1.89, 95% CI = 1.80-1.98). Furthermore, an obvious dose-response relationship between the amount of cigarettes daily smoked in pregnancy and the risk of LBW in offspring was observed. The results of subgroup analyses indicated that the risk of maternal smoking on LBW was larger in more recently conducted studies (P = 0.020) and longer period of active smoking during pregnancy (P = 0.002). No evidence of publication bias was found. CONCLUSIONS In summary, maternal smoking in pregnancy was significantly associated with a higher risk of LBW in offspring on a global scale. The risk of maternal smoking on infant LBW seems to be increasing over time, and was higher with longer smoking duration throughout pregnancy and more cigarettes smoked daily.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Kun Di
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Yong Gan
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Kai Lu
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Yi Zhu
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Xin Meng
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Wen-Qi Xia
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Min-Zhi Xu
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Jing Feng
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Qing-Feng Tian
- School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yan He
- School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Nie
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Jun-An Liu
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Fu-Jian Song
- Norwich Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR47TJ, UK.
| | - Zu-Xun Lu
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
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Khan MMA, Mustagir MG, Islam MR, Kaikobad MS, Khan HT. Exploring the association between adverse maternal circumstances and low birth weight in neonates: a nationwide population-based study in Bangladesh. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e036162. [PMID: 33109640 PMCID: PMC7592295 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-036162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study is concerned with helping to improve the health and care of newborn babies in Bangladesh by exploring adverse maternal circumstances and assessing whether these are contributing towards low birth weight (LBW) in neonates. STUDY DESIGNS AND SETTINGS Data were drawn and analysed from the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey, 2014. Any association between LBW and adverse maternal circumstances were assessed using a Chi-square test with determinants of LBW identified by multivariate logistic regression analysis. PARTICIPANTS The study is based on 4728 children aged below 5 years and born to women from selected households. RESULTS The rate of LBW was around 19.9% (199 per 1000 live births) with the highest level found in the Sylhet region (26.2%). The rate was even higher in rural areas (20.8%) and among illiterate mothers (26.6%). Several adverse maternal circumstances of the women included in the survey were found to be significant for increasing the likelihood of giving birth to LBW babies. These circumstances included the women being underweight (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 1.26, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.49); having unwanted births (AOR 1.22, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.44); had previous pregnancies terminated (AOR 1.28, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.57); were victims of intimate partner violence (AOR 1.23, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.45) and taking antenatal care <4 times (AOR 1.23, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.48). Other important risk factors that were revealed included age at birth <18 years (AOR 1.42, 95% CI 1.11 to 1.83) and intervals between the number of births <24 months (AOR 1.25, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.55). When taking multiple fertility behaviours together such as, the ages of the women at birth (<18 years with interval <24 months (AOR 1.26, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.57) and birth order (>3 with interval <24 months (AOR 1.68, 95% CI 1.18 to 2.37), then the risk of having LBW babies significantly increased. CONCLUSION This study finds that adverse maternal circumstances combined with high-risk fertility behaviours are significantly associated with LBW in neonates. This situation could severely impede progress in Bangladesh towards achieving the sustainable development goal concerned with the healthcare of newborns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Mostaured Ali Khan
- Department of Population Science and Human Resource Development, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
- MEL and Research, Practical Action, Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Md Golam Mustagir
- Department of Population Science and Human Resource Development, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Md Rafiqul Islam
- Department of Population Science and Human Resource Development, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Md Sharif Kaikobad
- Department of Population Science and Human Resource Development, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Hafiz Ta Khan
- Professor of Public Health & Statistics, College of Nursing, Midwifery and Healthcare, University of West London, Brentford TW8 9GB, UK
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Hüseyin Çam H, Harunoğulları M, Polat Y. A study of low birth weight prevalence and risk factors among newborns in a public-hospital at Kilis, Turkey. Afr Health Sci 2020; 20:709-714. [PMID: 33163035 PMCID: PMC7609091 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v20i2.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Low birth weight (LBW) is an important indicator of reproductive health and general health status of population. Objectives The present study was aimed to estimate the prevalence of low birth weight (LBW), and to investigate the associations between some risk factors and LBW in Syrian refugee and Turkish population in Kilis, Turkey. Methods The population of this study constituted of a total of 4379 infants born in Kilis State Hospital in 2016 using a retrospective cross-sectional study design. The data were collected from birth records. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 16.0. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to identify predictors of low birth weight. Factors with a p-value < 0.05 were deemed to be statistically significant. Results The prevalence of LBW was 6.7% in all groups. Significant relationships were found between young maternal age, Syrian refugee mother, female infants, cesarean delivery and LBW. Conclusion The prevalence of low birth weight in the study area was comparatively lower than that of countrywide figure. Maternal related variables like, maternal age, mother's nationality, and mode of birth (vaginal, cesarean) take after up as well as new-born related variables like gender of the neonate were significantly related with low birth weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Hüseyin Çam
- Kilis 7 Aralik University Yusuf Serefoglu Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing
- Corresponding author: Hasan HÜseyin Çam, Kilis 7 Aralik University Yusuf Serefoglu Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing
| | | | - Yadigar Polat
- Kilis 7 Aralik University Vocational School of Health Services, Department of Medical and Technical Service
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Silvestrin S, Hirakata VN, da Silva CH, Goldani MZ. Inequalities in birth weight and maternal education: a time-series study from 1996 to 2013 in Brazil. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8707. [PMID: 32457367 PMCID: PMC7251127 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65445-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal education represents one of the most important social determinants of inequality in birth weight (BW) in developing countries. The present study sought to investigate secular trends in health inequality considering the difference in mean BW between extremes of maternal educational attainment in Brazil. Using a time-series design, data from 6,452,551 live births which occurred in all Brazilian state capitals from 1996 to 2013 were obtained from the Information System on Live Births. Secular trends of the difference in mean birth weight between low (<8 years of schooling) and high (≥12 years of schooling) educational attainment were analyzed. The main finding was that differences in mean birth weight between the two extremes of maternal educational attainment decreased over time. There was a significant decrease in mean BW in neonates born to mothers with higher educational attainment, and a slight increase in those born to mothers with lower educational attainment. One of the key factors involved in decreasing inequality was an increase in the number of antenatal visits. In view of these results, we conclude, that despite a slight increase of mean birth weight among mothers with low education, the reduction of inequality in pregnancy outcomes over time in Brazil is attributable to a worsening scenario for mothers who are better off rather than to improvements for the most vulnerable group of mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Silvestrin
- Technical Area for Child and Adolescent Health, Porto Alegre Municipal Health Department, Porto Alegre, RS, 90040-971, Brazil
| | - Vânia Naomi Hirakata
- Research and Graduate Studies Group, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-007, Brazil
| | - Clécio Homrich da Silva
- Research and Graduate Studies Group, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-007, Brazil. .,Department of Pediatrics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil.
| | - Marcelo Zubaran Goldani
- Research and Graduate Studies Group, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-007, Brazil.,Department of Pediatrics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
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Silveira MF, Victora CG, Horta BL, da Silva BGC, Matijasevich A, Barros FC. Low birthweight and preterm birth: trends and inequalities in four population-based birth cohorts in Pelotas, Brazil, 1982-2015. Int J Epidemiol 2019; 48:i46-i53. [PMID: 29939270 PMCID: PMC6422062 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyy106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite positive changes in most maternal risk factors in Brazil, previous studies did not show reductions in preterm birth and low birthweight. We analysed trends and inequalities in these outcomes over a 33-year period in a Brazilian city. METHODS Four population-based birth cohort studies were carried out in the city of Pelotas in 1982, 1993, 2004 and 2015, with samples ranging from 4231 to 5914 liveborn children. Low birthweight (LBW) was defined as <2500 g, and preterm birth as less than 37 weeks of gestation. Information was collected on family income, maternal skin colour and other risk factors for low birthweight. Multivariable linear regression was used to estimate the contribution of risk factors to time trends in birthweight. RESULTS Preterm births increased from 5.8% (1982) to 13.8% (2015), and LBW prevalence increased from 9.0% to 10.1%, being higher for boys and for children born to mothers with low income and brown or black skin colour. Mean birthweight remained stable, around 3200 g, but increased from 3058 to 3146 g in the poorest quintile and decreased from 3307 to 3227 g in the richest quintile. After adjustment for risk factors for LBW, mean birthweight was estimated to have declined by 160 g over 1982-2015 (reductions of 103 g in the poorest and 213 g in the richest quintiles). CONCLUSIONS Data from four birth cohorts show that preterm births increased markedly. Mean birthweights remained stable over a 33-year period. Increased prevalence of preterm and early term births, associated with high levels of obstetric interventions, has offset the expected improvements due to reduction in risk factors for low birthweight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariangela F Silveira
- Maternal and Child Health Department, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Cesar G Victora
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Bernardo L Horta
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Bruna G C da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Alicia Matijasevich
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine FMUSP, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando C Barros
- Postgraduate Program in Health and Behavior, Catholic University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
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Adane T, Dachew BA. Low birth weight and associated factors among singleton neonates born at Felege Hiwot referral hospital, North West Ethiopia. Afr Health Sci 2018; 18:1204-1213. [PMID: 30766587 PMCID: PMC6354871 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v18i4.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low birth weight is one of the public health problems in the globe and it is an indicator of the health of the newborn survival and the mother's nutrition and health status. This study was aimed to determine the prevalence of low birth weight and its associated factors among mothers who gave birth at Bahir Dar Felege Hiwot referral hospital. METHODS A cross-sectional facility based study was conducted from March 18 to May 18 / 2015. A total of 662 mothers were included in the study.The data was entered and analyzed using SPSS version 20 software. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with low birth weight. RESULTS The prevalence of low birth weight was found to be 11.6%. Age of the mothers (20-34 years) AOR= 0.4(95% CI: 0.19-0.93), low income AOR=2.6 (95%CI: 1.16-6.05), gestational age < 37 weeks AOR=18.2 (95% CI:9.26-35.94), MUAC<23 cm AOR =3.4 (95%CI:1.38-8.60) and pregnancy induced hypertension AOR=6.5 (95%CI:3.06-14.0) were factors associated with low birth weight. CONCLUSION The prevalence of low birth weight was in line with WHO estimate for sub-Saharan Africa. Nutritional counseling and early detection and management of pregnancy induced hypertension is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teje Adane
- Beneshangul Gumuz Regional State, Zonal Health office, Ethiopia
| | - Berihun Assefa Dachew
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Heath, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Ethiopia
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González-Jiménez J, Rocha-Buelvas A. Risk factors associated with low birth weight in the Americas: literature review. REVISTA DE LA FACULTAD DE MEDICINA 2018. [DOI: 10.15446/revfacmed.v66n2.61577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Introducción. El bajo peso al nacer (BPN) es uno de los principales factores de riesgo que afecta la morbimortalidad infantil en todo el mundo; cerca de 1/3 de las muertes neonatales son atribuibles a este.Objetivo. Revisar los artículos más relevantes sobre BPN en las Américas en el periodo de 2010-2016.Materiales y métodos. Revisión narrativa de literatura. La información se obtuvo de las bases de datos PubMed, SciELO, LILACS, Portal Regional da BVS, con el uso de los descriptores DeCS y MeSH.Resultados. La mayoría de los estudios fueron publicados entre el 2012 y el 2015. De los 27 artículos publicados, 11 (40.7%) fueron atribuidos a factores sociodemográficos, 9 (33.3%) a riesgos ambientales, 3 (11.1%) a factores conductuales, 2 (7.4%) a controles prenatales o por cobertura y 2 (7.4%) se interrelacionaban con otros factores de riesgo.Conclusión. La mayoría de los estudios coinciden en la asociación de factores sociodemográficos, biológicos y conductuales. Los estudios que refieren la asociación de BPN con factores de riesgo ambientales están tomando fuerza.
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Szklo AS, Yuan Z, Levy D. Update and extension of the Brazil SimSmoke model to estimate the health impact of cigarette smoking by pregnant women in Brazil. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2017; 33:e00207416. [PMID: 29267699 DOI: 10.1590/0102-311x00207416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A previous application of the Brazil SimSmoke tobacco control policy simulation model was used to show the effect of policies implemented between 1989 and 2010 on smoking-attributable deaths (SADs). In this study, we updated and further validated the Brazil SimSmoke model to incorporate policies implemented since 2011 (e.g., a new tax structure with the purpose of increasing revenues/real prices). In addition, we extended the model to estimate smoking-attributable maternal and child health outcomes (MCHOs), such as placenta praevia, placental abruption, preterm birth, low birth weight, and sudden infant death syndrome, to show the role of tobacco control in achieving the Millennium Development Goals. Using data on population, births, smoking, policies, and prevalence of MCHOs, the model is used to assess the effect on both premature deaths and MCHOs of tobacco control policies implemented in Brazil in the last 25 years relative to a counterfactual of policies kept at 1989 levels. Smoking prevalence in Brazil has fallen by an additional 17% for males (16%-19%) and 19% for females (14%-24%) between 2011 and 2015. As a result of the policies implemented since 1989, 7.5 million (6.4-8.5) deaths among adults aged 18 years or older are projected to be averted by 2050. Current policies are also estimated to reduce a cumulative total of 0.9 million (0.4-2.4) adverse MCHOs by 2050. Our findings show the benefits of tobacco control in reducing both SADs and smoking-attributable MCHOs at population level. These benefits may be used to better inform policy makers in low and middle income countries about allocating resources towards tobacco control policies in this important area.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Salem Szklo
- Instituto Nacional de Câncer José Alencar Gomes da Silva, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Zhe Yuan
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington DC, U.S.A
| | - David Levy
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington DC, U.S.A
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Effects of recruiting midwives into family physician program on the percentage of low birth weight (LBW) infants in rural areas of Kurdistan. Med J Islam Repub Iran 2017; 31:92. [PMID: 29951393 PMCID: PMC6014774 DOI: 10.14196/mjiri.31.92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: LBW is an important factor that can affect infant mortality and represents an index of economic and social development.
It is expected that an increase in the density of midwives attending family physician programs will lead to a decrease in LBW in
health centers. This study aimed to compare the percentage of LBW infants before and after the implementation of the family physician
program in health centers with and without an increase in midwives density.
Methods: This cross-sectional study compared the percentage of LBW infants before and after the implementation of family physician
programs in rural health centers with and without changes in midwives density in Kurdistan. In this study, we included 668 mothers
of 2-month-old children and administered structured interviews in 2005 and 2013. Data were analyzed using the difference-indifferences
and the Matchit statistical models.
Results: The Matchit model showed a significant average percentage increase 0.08 (0.006–0.17) in LBW infants born between 2005
and 2013 in health centers where the density of midwives increased compared with those where it remained unchanged. The difference-in-differences
model showed that the odds ratio of LBW infants is increased by more than twice among participants who had a
history of caesarean section.
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that an increase in the density of midwives in a family physician program did not have
an impact on reducing the percentage of LBW infants born between 2005 and 2013, in health centers where the density of midwives
augmented compared to those where it remained unaltered; it indicated that the increase in the density of midwives alone was not efficient.
On the other hand, the results of our study show an increase in the risk of infants born at a LBW due to caesarean section. It is
recommended that obstetricians and gynecologists must strictly control pregnancies and avoid unnecessary termination of pregnancy
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Effect of Smoking Behavior before and during Pregnancy on Selected Birth Outcomes among Singleton Full-Term Pregnancy: A Murmansk County Birth Registry Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:ijerph14080867. [PMID: 28767086 PMCID: PMC5580571 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14080867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 07/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of our study was to assess associations between smoking behavior before and during pregnancy and selected adverse birth outcomes. This study is based on the Murmansk County Birth Registry (MCBR). Our study includes women who delivered a singleton pregnancy after 37 weeks of gestation (N = 44,486). Smoking information was self-reported and assessed at the first antenatal visit during pregnancy. We adjusted for potential confounders using logistic regression. The highest proportion of infants with low values of birth weight, birth length, head circumference, ponderal index and of the Apgar score at 5 min was observed for women who smoked both before and during pregnancy. We observed a dose-response relationship between the number of cigarettes smoked per day during pregnancy and the odds of the aforementioned adverse birth outcomes; neither were there significant differences in their occurrences among non-smokers and those who smoked before but not during pregnancy. Moreover, smoking reduction during pregnancy relative to its pre-gestation level did not influence the odds of the adverse birth outcomes. Our findings emphasize a continued need for action against tobacco smoking during pregnancy.
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Estrada-Restrepo A, Restrepo-Mesa SL, Feria NDCC, Santander FM. [Maternal factors associated with birth weight in term infants, Colombia, 2002-2011]. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2016; 32:e00133215. [PMID: 27982289 DOI: 10.1590/0102-311x00133215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to identify maternal factors associated with birth weight in Colombia from 2002 to 2011. This was a descriptive study based on data from the Live Birth Registry of Colombia, Administrative Department of Vital Statistics. Birth weight was classified as low birth weight < 2,500g, insufficient birth weight 2,500-2,999g, normal birth weight 3,000-3,999g, and high birth weight ≥ 4,000g. Data analysis used Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and multinomial logistic regression. Women with increased likelihood of low birth weight newborns were 35 years or older (OR = 1.4; 95%CI: 1.39-1.4), had little schooling (OR = 1.1; 95%CI: 1.1-1.1), were single (OR = 1.1; 95%CI: 1.1-1.2), without prenatal care (OR = 1.9; 95%CI: 1.9-2.0), and lived in rural areas (OR = 1.2; 95%CI: 1.1-1.2). Women with higher prevalence of high birth weight newborns were 35 years or older (OR = 1.1; 95%CI: 1.1-1.1) and had four or more children (OR = 2.1; 95%CI 2.0-2.1). Insufficient birth weight showed a similar pattern to low birth weight. In conclusion, social, demographic, and maternal factors influence the birth weight of newborns in Colombia.
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Akoï K, Francoise JP, Aurel C, Laure-Manuella I, Christelle L, Venise N, Sabrina C. Follow-up and outcomes of pregnancies in French Guiana: the part of teenage pregnancies. Int J Adolesc Med Health 2016; 29:/j/ijamh.ahead-of-print/ijamh-2015-0105/ijamh-2015-0105.xml. [PMID: 26926860 DOI: 10.1515/ijamh-2015-0105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Describe the part that teenage pregnancy plays in overall pregnancies in French Guiana. METHODS Descriptive and retrospective study of the medical records of 25,343 women who delivered in French Guiana from January 1, 2009 to December 31, 2012. The study displays and compares several indicators of follow-up visits, pregnancy-linked disorders, delivery and birth outcomes between the years and between minors and adult women. RESULTS The proportion of teenage pregnancies was 6.8%; it decreased significantly from 7.2% in 2009 to 6.1% in 2012 (p=0.01). The number of antenatal visits was <7 and the visits were mainly provided by the Mother and Child Health ("Protection Maternelle et Infantile", PMI) services (38.6%). The mean (±SD) gestational age at first antenatal visit was 14.1±6.5 weeks. In comparison with adult pregnancies, teenage pregnancies were more frequently concerned with preterm labour (4.6% vs. 2%; p<0.01) but less concerned with gestational diabetes (0% vs. 2.2%; p<0.05) or pregnancy-induced hypertension (2.2% vs. 4.2%; p<0.05). CONCLUSION Teenage pregnancies are still frequent in French Guiana, especially in the Eastern and Western communes, where first visits are often delayed by mothers who are minors and take place in PMI services, which offer less clinical, and paraclinical examinations than other settings.
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ATOOF F, ESHRAGHIAN MR, MOHAMMAD K, MORAVVEJI A, SHARIF MR, MAHMOODI M. Two-Year Comparison of Growth Indices of Twins with Dissimilar Weight at Birth (Low Birth Weight vs. Normal Twin). IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 2015; 44:969-78. [PMID: 26576375 PMCID: PMC4645768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Twin pregnancies are commonly associated with low birth weight (LBW) infants. Most studies focus on growth of LBW compared with normal infants in singleton. However, there has not been any study on twins to compare LBW with normal birth weight (NBW) infants as a match control of the same twin. METHODS This cohort study was conducted at Healthcare centers of Kashan, in 2013. Twins differing in birth weight (one with LBW and the other with NBW) were assessed using the care charts in Well Care program in regard to weight, height and head circumference measurements at birth and after 6, 12, 24 months of age and were compared separately between all matched pairs and in four sex-twin subgroups which was defined according to the sex of each twin in pairs; SF (Same-sex: Female), SM (Same-sex: Male), LF (LBW: Female) and LM (LBW: Male). RESULTS Incidence of dissimilar twins in birth weight was 28.4%. The weight of LBW was significantly lower than the NBW cohort in SF and LF subgroups up to 24 months. The height of LBW was not significantly different from NBW cohort in SM and LM subgroups up to 24 month. Head circumference was significantly higher in LBW compared to NBW cohort in LM subgroup up to 24 month. However, these indices were significantly lower in LBW compared to NBW cohort in all pairs. CONCLUSION Although LBW cohort was significantly lower than the NBW in growth indices at birth to 2 years old in all twins, however, highly variable results was observed in four subgroups of sex-twin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh ATOOF
- Dept. of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza ESHRAGHIAN
- Dept. of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kazem MOHAMMAD
- Dept. of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza MORAVVEJI
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Dept. of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza SHARIF
- Dept. of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mahmood MAHMOODI
- Dept. of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Corresponding Author:
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