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Toner TM, Pancholi R, Miller P, Forster T, Coleman HG, Overton IM. Strategies and techniques for quality control and semantic enrichment with multimodal data: a case study in colorectal cancer with eHDPrep. Gigascience 2022; 12:giad030. [PMID: 37171130 PMCID: PMC10176503 DOI: 10.1093/gigascience/giad030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Integration of data from multiple domains can greatly enhance the quality and applicability of knowledge generated in analysis workflows. However, working with health data is challenging, requiring careful preparation in order to support meaningful interpretation and robust results. Ontologies encapsulate relationships between variables that can enrich the semantic content of health datasets to enhance interpretability and inform downstream analyses. FINDINGS We developed an R package for electronic health data preparation, "eHDPrep," demonstrated upon a multimodal colorectal cancer dataset (661 patients, 155 variables; Colo-661); a further demonstrator is taken from The Cancer Genome Atlas (459 patients, 94 variables; TCGA-COAD). eHDPrep offers user-friendly methods for quality control, including internal consistency checking and redundancy removal with information-theoretic variable merging. Semantic enrichment functionality is provided, enabling generation of new informative "meta-variables" according to ontological common ancestry between variables, demonstrated with SNOMED CT and the Gene Ontology in the current study. eHDPrep also facilitates numerical encoding, variable extraction from free text, completeness analysis, and user review of modifications to the dataset. CONCLUSIONS eHDPrep provides effective tools to assess and enhance data quality, laying the foundation for robust performance and interpretability in downstream analyses. Application to multimodal colorectal cancer datasets resulted in improved data quality, structuring, and robust encoding, as well as enhanced semantic information. We make eHDPrep available as an R package from CRAN (https://cran.r-project.org/package = eHDPrep) and GitHub (https://github.com/overton-group/eHDPrep).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom M Toner
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7AE, UK
- Health Data Research Wales and Northern Ireland, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7AE, UK
| | - Rashi Pancholi
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7AE, UK
- Health Data Research Wales and Northern Ireland, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7AE, UK
| | - Paul Miller
- Health Data Research Wales and Northern Ireland, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7AE, UK
- The Centre for Secure Information Technologies, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT3 9DT, UK
| | | | - Helen G Coleman
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7AE, UK
- Centre for Public Health, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT12 6BA, UK
| | - Ian M Overton
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7AE, UK
- Health Data Research Wales and Northern Ireland, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7AE, UK
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Jenniskens JCA, Offermans K, Simons CCJM, Samarska I, Fazzi GE, van der Meer JRM, Smits KM, Schouten LJ, Weijenberg MP, Grabsch HI, van den Brandt PA. Energy balance-related factors in childhood and adolescence and risk of colorectal cancer based on KRAS, PIK3CA, and BRAF mutations and MMR status. Mol Carcinog 2022; 61:1099-1115. [PMID: 36177801 PMCID: PMC9828509 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
KRAS mutations (KRASmut ), PIK3CAmut , BRAFmut , and deficient DNA mismatch repair (dMMR) have been associated with the Warburg effect. We previously reported differential associations between early-life energy balance-related factors (height, energy restriction, body mass index [BMI]) and colorectal cancer (CRC) subtypes based on the Warburg effect. We now investigated associations of early-life energy balance-related factors and the risk of CRC subgroups based on mutation and MMR status. Data from the Netherlands Cohort Study was used. KRASmut , PIK3CAmut, BRAFmut, and MMR status were available for 2349 CRC cases, and complete covariate data for 1934 cases and 3911 subcohort members. Multivariable-adjusted Cox regression was used to estimate associations of height, energy restriction proxies (exposure to Dutch Hunger Winter, Second World War, Economic Depression), and early adult BMI (age 20 years) with risk of CRC based on individual molecular features and combinations thereof (all-wild-type+MMR-proficient [pMMR]; any-mutation/dMMR). Height was positively associated with any-mutation/dMMR CRC but not all-wild-type+pMMR CRC, with the exception of rectal cancer in men, and with heterogeneity in associations observed for colon cancer in men (p-heterogeneity = 0.049) and rectal cancer in women (p-heterogeneity = 0.014). Results on early-life energy restriction proxies in relation to the risk of CRC subgroups did not show clear patterns. Early adult BMI was positively, but not significantly, associated with KRASmut colon cancer in men and with BRAFmut and dMMR colon cancer in women. Our results suggest a role of KRASmut , PIK3CAmut , BRAFmut , and dMMR in the etiological pathway between height and CRC risk. KRASmut might potentially play a role in associations of early adult BMI with colon cancer risk in men, and BRAFmut and dMMR in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josien C. A. Jenniskens
- Department of Epidemiology, GROW School for Oncology and ReproductionMaastricht University Medical Center+MaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Kelly Offermans
- Department of Epidemiology, GROW School for Oncology and ReproductionMaastricht University Medical Center+MaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Colinda C. J. M. Simons
- Department of Epidemiology, GROW School for Oncology and ReproductionMaastricht University Medical Center+MaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Iryna Samarska
- Department of Pathology, GROW School for Oncology and ReproductionMaastricht University Medical Center+MaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Gregorio E. Fazzi
- Department of Pathology, GROW School for Oncology and ReproductionMaastricht University Medical Center+MaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Jaleesa R. M. van der Meer
- Department of Pathology, GROW School for Oncology and ReproductionMaastricht University Medical Center+MaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Kim M. Smits
- Department of Pathology, GROW School for Oncology and ReproductionMaastricht University Medical Center+MaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Leo J. Schouten
- Department of Epidemiology, GROW School for Oncology and ReproductionMaastricht University Medical Center+MaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Matty P. Weijenberg
- Department of Epidemiology, GROW School for Oncology and ReproductionMaastricht University Medical Center+MaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Heike I. Grabsch
- Department of Pathology, GROW School for Oncology and ReproductionMaastricht University Medical Center+MaastrichtThe Netherlands,Pathology and Data Analytics, Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James'sUniversity of LeedsLeedsUK
| | - Piet A. van den Brandt
- Department of Epidemiology, GROW School for Oncology and ReproductionMaastricht University Medical Center+MaastrichtThe Netherlands,Department of Epidemiology, Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI)Maastricht University Medical Center+MaastrichtThe Netherlands
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Offermans K, Jenniskens JCA, Simons CCJM, Samarska I, Fazzi GE, van der Meer JRM, Smits KM, Schouten LJ, Weijenberg MP, Grabsch HI, van den Brandt PA. Association between mutational subgroups, Warburg-subtypes, and survival in patients with colorectal cancer. Cancer Med 2022; 12:1137-1156. [PMID: 35785488 PMCID: PMC9883416 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research suggests that Warburg-subtypes are related to potentially important survival differences in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. In the present study, we investigated whether mutational subgroups based on somatic mutations in RAS, BRAF, PIK3CA, and MET, which are known to promote the Warburg-effect, as well as mismatch repair (MMR) status, hold prognostic value in CRC. In addition, we investigated whether Warburg-subtypes provide additional prognostic information, independent of known prognostic factors like TNM stage. METHODS CRC patients (n = 2344) from the prospective Netherlands Cohort Study (NLCS) were classified into eight mutually exclusive mutational subgroups, based on observed mutations in RAS, BRAF, PIK3CA, and MET, and MMR status: All-wild-type + MMRproficient , KRASmut + MMRproficient , KRASmut + PIK3CAmut + MMRproficient , PIK3CAmut + MMRproficient , BRAFmut + MMRproficient , BRAFmut + MMRdeficient , other + MMRproficient , and other + MMRdeficient . Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox regression models were used to investigate associations between mutational subgroups and survival, as well as associations between our previously established Warburg-subtypes and survival within these mutational subgroups. RESULTS Compared to patients with all-wild-type + MMRproficient CRC, patients with KRASmut + MMRproficient , KRASmut + PIK3CAmut + MMRproficient , BRAFmut + MMRproficient , or other + MMRproficient CRC had a statistically significant worse survival (HRCRC-specific ranged from 1.29 to 1.88). In contrast, patients with other + MMRdeficient CRC had the most favorable survival (HRCRC-specific 0.48). No statistically significant survival differences were observed for the Warburg-subtypes within mutational subgroups. CONCLUSION Our results highlight the prognostic potential of mutational subgroups in CRC. Warburg-subtypes did not provide additional prognostic information within these mutational subgroups. Future larger-scale prospective studies are necessary to validate our findings and to examine the potential clinical utility of CRC subtyping based on mutational subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Offermans
- Department of Epidemiology, GROW School for Oncology and ReproductionMaastricht University Medical Center+MaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Josien C. A. Jenniskens
- Department of Epidemiology, GROW School for Oncology and ReproductionMaastricht University Medical Center+MaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Colinda C. J. M. Simons
- Department of Epidemiology, GROW School for Oncology and ReproductionMaastricht University Medical Center+MaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Iryna Samarska
- Department of Pathology, GROW School for Oncology and ReproductionMaastricht University Medical Center+MaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Gregorio E. Fazzi
- Department of Pathology, GROW School for Oncology and ReproductionMaastricht University Medical Center+MaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Jaleesa R. M. van der Meer
- Department of Pathology, GROW School for Oncology and ReproductionMaastricht University Medical Center+MaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Kim M. Smits
- Department of Pathology, GROW School for Oncology and ReproductionMaastricht University Medical Center+MaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Leo J. Schouten
- Department of Epidemiology, GROW School for Oncology and ReproductionMaastricht University Medical Center+MaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Matty P. Weijenberg
- Department of Epidemiology, GROW School for Oncology and ReproductionMaastricht University Medical Center+MaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Heike I. Grabsch
- Department of Pathology, GROW School for Oncology and ReproductionMaastricht University Medical Center+MaastrichtThe Netherlands,Pathology and Data Analytics, Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James'sUniversity of LeedsLeedsUK
| | - Piet A. van den Brandt
- Department of Epidemiology, GROW School for Oncology and ReproductionMaastricht University Medical Center+MaastrichtThe Netherlands,Department of Epidemiology, Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI)Maastricht University Medical Center+MaastrichtThe Netherlands
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Jenniskens JCA, Offermans K, Simons CCJM, Samarska I, Fazzi GE, van der Meer JRM, Smits KM, Schouten LJ, Weijenberg MP, Grabsch HI, van den Brandt PA. Energy balance-related factors and risk of colorectal cancer based on KRAS, PIK3CA, and BRAF mutations and MMR status. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2022; 148:2723-2742. [PMID: 35546360 PMCID: PMC9470639 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-022-04019-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Introduction KRAS mutations (KRASmut), PIK3CAmut, BRAFmut, and mismatch repair deficiency (dMMR) have been associated with the Warburg-effect. We previously observed differential associations between energy balance-related factors (BMI, clothing-size, physical activity) and colorectal cancer (CRC) subtypes based on the Warburg-effect. We now investigated whether associations between energy balance-related factors and risk of CRC differ between subgroups based on mutation and MMR status. Methods Information on molecular features was available for 2349 incident CRC cases within the Netherlands Cohort Study (NLCS), with complete covariate data available for 1934 cases and 3911 subcohort members. Multivariable-adjusted Cox-regression was used to estimate associations of energy balance-related factors with risk of CRC based on individual molecular features (KRASmut; PIK3CAmut; BRAFmut; dMMR) and combinations thereof (all-wild-type + MMR-proficient (pMMR); any-mutation/dMMR). Results In men, BMI and clothing-size were positively associated with risk of colon, but not rectal cancer, regardless of molecular features subgroups; the strongest associations were observed for PIK3CAmut colon cancer. In women, however, BMI and clothing-size were only associated with risk of KRASmut colon cancer (p-heterogeneityKRASmut versus all-wild-type+pMMR = 0.008). Inverse associations of non-occupational physical activity with risk of colon cancer were strongest for any-mutation/dMMR tumors in men and women, and specifically for PIK3CAmut tumors in women. Occupational physical activity was inversely associated with both combination subgroups of colon cancer in men. Conclusion In men, associations did not vary according to molecular features. In women, a role of KRAS mutations in the etiological pathway between adiposity and colon cancer is suggested, and of PIK3CA mutations between physical activity and colon cancer. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00432-022-04019-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josien C A Jenniskens
- Department of Epidemiology, GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Center+, P.O. BOX 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Kelly Offermans
- Department of Epidemiology, GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Center+, P.O. BOX 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Colinda C J M Simons
- Department of Epidemiology, GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Center+, P.O. BOX 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Iryna Samarska
- Department of Pathology, GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Center+, P.O. BOX 5800, 6202 AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Gregorio E Fazzi
- Department of Pathology, GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Center+, P.O. BOX 5800, 6202 AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jaleesa R M van der Meer
- Department of Pathology, GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Center+, P.O. BOX 5800, 6202 AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Kim M Smits
- Department of Pathology, GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Center+, P.O. BOX 5800, 6202 AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Leo J Schouten
- Department of Epidemiology, GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Center+, P.O. BOX 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Matty P Weijenberg
- Department of Epidemiology, GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Center+, P.O. BOX 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Heike I Grabsch
- Department of Pathology, GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Center+, P.O. BOX 5800, 6202 AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
- Pathology and Data Analytics, Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
| | - Piet A van den Brandt
- Department of Epidemiology, GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Center+, P.O. BOX 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
- Department of Epidemiology, Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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Identification of BRAF V600E mutation in odontogenic tumors by high-performance MALDI-TOF analysis. Int J Oral Sci 2022; 14:22. [PMID: 35468886 PMCID: PMC9038922 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-022-00170-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Odontogenic tumors are rare lesions with unknown etiopathogenesis. Most of them are benign, but local aggressiveness, infiltrative potential, and high recurrence rate characterize some entities. The MAP-kinase pathway activation can represent a primary critical event in odontogenic tumorigenesis. Especially, the BRAF V600E mutation has been involved in 80–90% of ameloblastic lesions, offering a biological rationale for developing new targeted therapies. The study aims to evaluate the BRAF V600E mutation in odontogenic lesions, comparing three different detection methods and focusing on the Sequenom MassARRAY System. 81 surgical samples of odontogenic lesions were subjected to immunohistochemical analysis, Sanger Sequencing, and Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization-Time of Flight mass spectrometry (Sequenom). The BRAF V600E mutation was revealed only in ameloblastoma samples. Moreover, the presence of BRAF V600E was significantly associated with the mandibular site (ρ = 0.627; P value <0.001) and the unicystic histotype (ρ = 0.299, P value <0.001). However, any significant difference of 10-years disease-free survival time was not revealed. Finally, Sequenom showed to be a 100% sensitive and 98.1% specific, suggesting its high-performance diagnostic accuracy. These results suggest the MAP-kinase pathway could contribute to ameloblastic tumorigenesis. Moreover, they could indicate the anatomical specificity of the driving mutations of mandibular ameloblastomas, providing a biological rational for developing new targeted therapies. Finally, the high diagnostic accuracy of Sequenom was confirmed.
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Yari A, Afzali A, Aalipour M, Nakheai M, Zahedi MJ. KRAS and BRAF mutations in Iranian colorectal cancer patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. CASPIAN JOURNAL OF INTERNAL MEDICINE 2021; 11:355-369. [PMID: 33680376 PMCID: PMC7911761 DOI: 10.22088/cjim.11.4.355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Background: Mutations in the EGFR signaling pathway play an important role in the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). Mutations in these genes, like KRAS and BRAF, affect the treatment strategies and associated with poor prognosis and relative resistance to anti-EGFR therapies. Our aim was to conduct a systematic and meta-analysis on all studies that have been conducted on the prevalence of these gene mutations in Iranian CRC patients. Methods: Four science citation index databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science and Cochrane library) and local databases were searched up to March 2018 with related keywords. Two reviewers independently screened and extracted the data. Quality of all included studies was assessed using an adapted checklist from STROBE. A random-effect model was used to calculate the total prevalence of KRAS and BRAF mutations in CRC subjects by the event rate (ER). Meta-regression was utilized to explore heterogeneity causes. Results: In total, from 573 records, 23 eligible studies (2662 patients) were included for data extraction and analysis. In 18 of 23 included studies, the prevalence of KRAS mutations was 33.9% (95% CI=30.1-37.9) with I2=65.17 (p<0.001). The occurrence of KRAS mutations in codon 12 and 13 was 76.9% (95% CI = 70.4-82.3%) with I2=84.88 (p<0.001) and 23.5% (95% CI=17.9-30.3) with I2=85.85 (p<0.001), respectively. In 9 of 23 studies, the BRAF mutation rate was 3.2% (95% CI=0.003-13.6) with I2=88.61 (p<0.001). Conclusion: The prevalence of these mutations in CRC patients shows a significant difference in the different regions of Iran, which is probably due to environmental and racial factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abolfazl Yari
- Student Research Committee, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.,Department of Medical Genetics, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Asiyeh Afzali
- Department of Medical Laboratory of Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Aalipour
- Department of Immunology, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mehran Nakheai
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Zahedi
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Loughrey MB, McGrath J, Coleman HG, Bankhead P, Maxwell P, McGready C, Bingham V, Humphries MP, Craig SG, McQuaid S, Salto-Tellez M, James JA. Identifying mismatch repair-deficient colon cancer: near-perfect concordance between immunohistochemistry and microsatellite instability testing in a large, population-based series. Histopathology 2021; 78:401-413. [PMID: 32791559 DOI: 10.1111/his.14233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Establishing the mismatch repair (MMR) status of colorectal cancers is important to enable the detection of underlying Lynch syndrome and inform prognosis and therapy. Current testing typically involves either polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based microsatellite instability (MSI) testing or MMR protein immunohistochemistry (IHC). The aim of this study was to compare these two approaches in a large, population-based cohort of stage 2 and 3 colon cancer cases in Northern Ireland. METHODS AND RESULTS The study used the Promega pentaplex assay to determine MSI status and a four-antibody MMR IHC panel. IHC was applied to tumour tissue microarrays with triplicate tumour sampling, and assessed manually. Of 593 cases with available MSI and MMR IHC results, 136 (22.9%) were MSI-high (MSI-H) and 135 (22.8%) showed abnormal MMR IHC. Concordance was extremely high, with 97.1% of MSI-H cases showing abnormal MMR IHC, and 97.8% of cases with abnormal IHC showing MSI-H status. Under-representation of tumour epithelial cells in samples from heavily inflamed tumours resulted in misclassification of several cases with abnormal MMR IHC as microsatellite-stable. MMR IHC revealed rare cases with unusual patterns of MMR protein expression, unusual combinations of expression loss, or secondary clonal loss of expression, as further illustrated by repeat immunostaining on whole tissue sections. CONCLUSIONS MSI PCR testing and MMR IHC can be considered to be equally proficient tests for establishing MMR/MSI status, when there is awareness of the potential pitfalls of either method. The choice of methodology may depend on available services and expertise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurice B Loughrey
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, UK
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Jason McGrath
- Precision Medicine Centre of Excellence, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Helen G Coleman
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Peter Bankhead
- Edinburgh Pathology/Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Perry Maxwell
- Precision Medicine Centre of Excellence, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Claire McGready
- Precision Medicine Centre of Excellence, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
- Northern Ireland Biobank, Health Sciences Building, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Victoria Bingham
- Precision Medicine Centre of Excellence, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Matthew P Humphries
- Precision Medicine Centre of Excellence, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Stephanie G Craig
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Stephen McQuaid
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, UK
- Precision Medicine Centre of Excellence, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
- Northern Ireland Biobank, Health Sciences Building, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Manuel Salto-Tellez
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, UK
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
- Precision Medicine Centre of Excellence, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Jacqueline A James
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, UK
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
- Precision Medicine Centre of Excellence, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
- Northern Ireland Biobank, Health Sciences Building, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
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Moosavi F, Giovannetti E, Peters GJ, Firuzi O. Combination of HGF/MET-targeting agents and other therapeutic strategies in cancer. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2021; 160:103234. [PMID: 33497758 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2021.103234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
MET receptor has emerged as a druggable target across several human cancers. Agents targeting MET and its ligand hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) including small molecules such as crizotinib, tivantinib and cabozantinib or antibodies including rilotumumab and onartuzumab have proven their values in different tumors. Recently, capmatinib was approved for treatment of metastatic lung cancer with MET exon 14 skipping. In this review, we critically examine the current evidence on how HGF/MET combination therapies may take advantage of synergistic effects, overcome primary or acquired drug resistance, target tumor microenvironment, modulate drug metabolism or tackle pharmacokinetic issues. Preclinical and clinical studies on the combination of HGF/MET-targeted agents with conventional chemotherapeutics or molecularly targeted treatments (including EGFR, VEGFR, HER2, RAF/MEK, and PI3K/Akt targeting agents) and also the value of biomarkers are examined. Our deeper understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying successful pharmacological combinations is crucial to find the best personalized treatment regimens for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Moosavi
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Elisa Giovannetti
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center (VUmc), Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Cancer Pharmacology Lab, AIRC Start Up Unit, Fondazione Pisana per la Scienza, Pisa, Italy
| | - Godefridus J Peters
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center (VUmc), Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Omidreza Firuzi
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Wang G, Fu L, Xiong J, Mochizuki K, Fu Y, Miao W. Identification and Characterization of Base-Substitution Mutations in the Macronuclear Genome of the Ciliate Tetrahymena thermophila. Genome Biol Evol 2021; 13:evaa232. [PMID: 33146387 PMCID: PMC7788487 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evaa232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyploidy can provide adaptive advantages and drive evolution. Amitotic division of the polyploid macronucleus (MAC) in ciliates acts as a nonsexual genetic mechanism to enhance adaptation to stress conditions and thus provides a unique model to investigate the evolutionary role of polyploidy. Mutation is the primary source of the variation responsible for evolution and adaptation; however, to date, de novo mutations that occur in ciliate MAC genomes during these processes have not been characterized and their biological impacts are undefined. Here, we carried out long-term evolution experiments to directly explore de novo MAC mutations and their molecular features in the model ciliate, Tetrahymena thermophila. A simple but effective method was established to detect base-substitution mutations in evolving populations whereas filtering out most of the false positive base-substitutions caused by repetitive sequences and the programmed genome rearrangements. The detected mutations were rigorously validated using the MassARRAY system. Validated mutations showed a strong G/C→A/T bias, consistent with observations in other species. Moreover, a progressive increase in growth rate of the evolving populations suggested that some of these mutations might be responsible for cell fitness. The established mutation identification and validation methods will be an invaluable resource to make ciliates an important model system to study the role of polyploidy in evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Lu Fu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Kazufumi Mochizuki
- Institute of Human Genetics (IGH), CNRS, University of Montpellier, France
| | - Yunxin Fu
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science and Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center
| | - Wei Miao
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Kunming, China
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10
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Jacobs SA, Lee JJ, George TJ, Wade JL, Stella PJ, Wang D, Sama AR, Piette F, Pogue-Geile KL, Kim RS, Gavin PG, Lipchik C, Feng H, Wang Y, Finnigan M, Kiesel BF, Beumer JH, Wolmark N, Lucas PC, Allegra CJ, Srinivasan A. Neratinib-Plus-Cetuximab in Quadruple-WT ( KRAS, NRAS, BRAF, PIK3CA) Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Resistant to Cetuximab or Panitumumab: NSABP FC-7, A Phase Ib Study. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 27:1612-1622. [PMID: 33203645 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-1831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), HER2 (ERBB2) gene amplification is implicated in anti-EGFR therapy resistance. We sought to determine the recommended phase II dose (RP2D) and efficacy of neratinib, a pan-ERBB kinase inhibitor, combined with cetuximab, in patients with progressive disease (PD) on anti-EGFR treatment. PATIENTS AND METHODS Twenty-one patients with quadruple-wild-type, refractory mCRC enrolled in this 3+3 phase Ib study. Standard dosage cetuximab was administered with neratinib at 120 mg, 160 mg, 200 mg, and 240 mg/day orally in 28-day cycles. Samples were collected for molecular and pharmacokinetic studies. RESULTS Sixteen patients were evaluable for dose-limiting toxicity (DLT). 240 mg was determined to be the RP2D wherein a single DLT occurred (1/7 patients). Treatment-related DLTs were not seen at lower doses. Best response was stable disease (SD) in 7 of 16 (44%) patients. HER2 amplification (chromogenic in situ IHC) was detected in 2 of 21 (9.5%) treatment-naïve tumors and 4 of 16 (25%) biopsies upon trial enrollment (post-anti-EGFR treatment and progression). Compared with matched enrollment biopsies, 6 of 8 (75%) blood samples showed concordance for HER2 CNV in circulating cell-free DNA. Five SD patients had HER2 amplification in either treatment-naïve or enrollment biopsies. Examination of gene-expression, total protein, and protein phosphorylation levels showed relative upregulation of ≥2 members of the HER-family receptors or ligands upon enrollment versus matched treatment-naïve samples. CONCLUSIONS The RP2D of neratinib in this combination was 240 mg/day, which was well tolerated with low incidence of G3 AEs. There were no objective responses; SD was seen at all neratinib doses. HER2 amplification, detectable in both tissue and blood, was more frequent post-anti-EGFR therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James J Lee
- NSABP Foundation, Inc., Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Thomas J George
- NSABP Foundation, Inc., Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - James L Wade
- NSABP Foundation, Inc., Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Cancer Care Specialists of Illinois, Decatur, Illinois
| | - Philip J Stella
- NSABP Foundation, Inc., Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- St. Joseph Mercy Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Ding Wang
- NSABP Foundation, Inc., Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Henry Ford Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Ashwin R Sama
- NSABP Foundation, Inc., Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Fanny Piette
- International Drug Development Institute (IDDI), Louvain la Neuve, Belgium
| | | | - Rim S Kim
- NSABP Foundation, Inc., Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | | | - Huichen Feng
- NSABP Foundation, Inc., Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Ying Wang
- NSABP Foundation, Inc., Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Brian F Kiesel
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jan H Beumer
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Norman Wolmark
- NSABP Foundation, Inc., Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Peter C Lucas
- NSABP Foundation, Inc., Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Carmen J Allegra
- NSABP Foundation, Inc., Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
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11
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Wei J, Rybczynska AA, Meng P, Terpstra M, Saber A, Sietzema J, Timens W, Schuuring E, Hiltermann TJN, Groen HJM, van der Wekken AJ, van den Berg A, Kok K. An All-In-One Transcriptome-Based Assay to Identify Therapy-Guiding Genomic Aberrations in Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12102843. [PMID: 33019710 PMCID: PMC7650834 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The number of genomic aberrations known to be relevant in making therapeutic decisions for non-small cell lung cancer patients has increased in the past decade. Multiple molecular tests are required to reliably establish the presence of these aberrations, which is challenging because available tissue specimens are generally small. To optimize diagnostic testing, we developed a transcriptome-based next-generation sequencing (NGS) assay based on single primed enrichment technology. We interrogated 11 cell lines, two patient-derived frozen biopsies, nine pleural effusion, and 29 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples. All clinical samples were selected based on previously identified mutations at the DNA level in EGFR, KRAS, ALK, PIK3CA, BRAF, AKT1, MET, NRAS, or ROS1 at the DNA level, or fusion genes at the chromosome level, or by aberrant protein expression of ALK, ROS1, RET, and NTRK1. A successful analysis is dependent on the number of unique reads and the RNA quality, as indicated by the DV200 value. In 27 out of 51 samples with >50 K unique reads and a DV200 >30, all 19 single nucleotide variants (SNVs)/small insertions and deletions (INDELs), three MET exon 14 skipping events, and 13 fusion gene transcripts were detected at the RNA level, giving a test accuracy of 100%. In summary, this lung-cancer-specific all-in-one transcriptome-based assay for the simultaneous detection of mutations and fusion genes is highly sensitive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiacong Wei
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700RB Groningen, The Netherlands; (J.W.); (A.A.R.); (M.T.)
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Anna A. Rybczynska
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700RB Groningen, The Netherlands; (J.W.); (A.A.R.); (M.T.)
| | - Pei Meng
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700RB Groningen, The Netherlands; (P.M.); (A.S.); (J.S.); (W.T.); (E.S.); (A.v.d.B.)
- Department of Pathology, Collaborative and Creative Centre, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515063, Guangdong, China
| | - Martijn Terpstra
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700RB Groningen, The Netherlands; (J.W.); (A.A.R.); (M.T.)
| | - Ali Saber
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700RB Groningen, The Netherlands; (P.M.); (A.S.); (J.S.); (W.T.); (E.S.); (A.v.d.B.)
| | - Jantine Sietzema
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700RB Groningen, The Netherlands; (P.M.); (A.S.); (J.S.); (W.T.); (E.S.); (A.v.d.B.)
| | - Wim Timens
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700RB Groningen, The Netherlands; (P.M.); (A.S.); (J.S.); (W.T.); (E.S.); (A.v.d.B.)
| | - Ed Schuuring
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700RB Groningen, The Netherlands; (P.M.); (A.S.); (J.S.); (W.T.); (E.S.); (A.v.d.B.)
| | - T. Jeroen N. Hiltermann
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700RB Groningen, The Netherlands; (T.J.N.H.); (H.J.M.G.); (A.J.v.d.W.)
| | - Harry J. M. Groen
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700RB Groningen, The Netherlands; (T.J.N.H.); (H.J.M.G.); (A.J.v.d.W.)
| | - Anthonie J. van der Wekken
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700RB Groningen, The Netherlands; (T.J.N.H.); (H.J.M.G.); (A.J.v.d.W.)
| | - Anke van den Berg
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700RB Groningen, The Netherlands; (P.M.); (A.S.); (J.S.); (W.T.); (E.S.); (A.v.d.B.)
| | - Klaas Kok
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700RB Groningen, The Netherlands; (J.W.); (A.A.R.); (M.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-655256364/+31-503617100
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12
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Cremolini C, Antoniotti C, Lonardi S, Aprile G, Bergamo F, Masi G, Grande R, Tonini G, Mescoli C, Cardellino GG, Coltelli L, Salvatore L, Corsi DC, Lupi C, Gemma D, Ronzoni M, Dell'Aquila E, Marmorino F, Di Fabio F, Mancini ML, Marcucci L, Fontanini G, Zagonel V, Boni L, Falcone A. Activity and Safety of Cetuximab Plus Modified FOLFOXIRI Followed by Maintenance With Cetuximab or Bevacizumab for RAS and BRAF Wild-type Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: A Randomized Phase 2 Clinical Trial. JAMA Oncol 2019; 4:529-536. [PMID: 29450468 DOI: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2017.5314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Importance The combination of a triple-drug chemotherapy regimen with an anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) agent as a first-line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) showed promising activity along with safety concerns in single-arm phase 2 trials. The role of maintenance following chemotherapy and anti-EGFR and the optimal regimen to be adopted are not established. Objectives To evaluate the activity and safety of cetuximab plus modified FOLFOXIRI (mFOLFOXIRI) and explore the role of maintenance with cetuximab or bevacizumab in RAS and BRAF wild-type mCRC. Design, Setting, and Participants In a prospective, noncomparative, open-label, multicenter, randomized phase 2 trial, patients aged 18 to 75 years with unresectable, previously untreated RAS and BRAF wild-type (before amendment, KRAS wild-type) mCRC were recruited from 21 oncology units in Italy from October 19, 2011, to March 1, 2015 (followed up through May 31, 2017). In total, 323 patients were screened and 143 were randomized to 2 treatment arms to receive as a first-line induction a regimen of mFOLFOXIRI plus cetuximab followed by cetuximab (arm A) or bevacizumab (arm B) until disease progression. Primary analyses were conducted in a modified intention-to-treat population. Interventions mFOLFOXIRI plus cetuximab repeated every 2 weeks for up to 8 cycles, followed by maintenance with cetuximab or bevacizumab until disease progression. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary end point was the 10-month progression-free rate (PFR); secondary end points included progression-free and overall survival, response rate, rate of metastases resection, and adverse events. Results Of 143 patients randomized, 116 (81.1%) (median [interquartile range (IQR)] age, 59.5 [53-67] years; 34 [29.3%] women) had RAS and BRAF wild-type mCRC. At a median (IQR) follow-up of 44.0 (30.5-52.1) months, 10-month PFRs were 50.8% (90% CI, 39.5%-62.2%) in arm A and 40.4% (90% CI, 29.4%-52.1%) in arm B. The overall response rate was 71.6% (95% CI, 62.4%-79.5%). Main grade 3/4 adverse events were neutropenia (occurring in 36 patients [31%]), diarrhea (in 21 patients [18%]), skin toxic effects (in 18 patients [16%]), asthenia (in 11 patients [9%]), stomatitis (in 7 patients [6%]), and febrile neutropenia (in 3 patients [3%]). Conclusions and Relevance Although neither of the 2 arms met the primary end point, the findings indicate that a 4-month induction regimen of mFOLFOXIRI plus cetuximab is feasible and provides relevant activity results, leading to a high surgical resection rate. Trial Registration clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT02295930.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Cremolini
- Unit of Medical Oncology 2, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria Pisana, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Carlotta Antoniotti
- Unit of Medical Oncology 2, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria Pisana, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Sara Lonardi
- Medical Oncology Unit 1, Department of Clinical and Experimental Oncology, Istituto Oncologico Veneto-IRCCS, Padova, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Aprile
- Department of Oncology, University and General Hospital, Udine, Italy.,Department of Oncology, San Bortolo General Hospital, ULSS8 Berica, East District, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Francesca Bergamo
- Medical Oncology Unit 1, Department of Clinical and Experimental Oncology, Istituto Oncologico Veneto-IRCCS, Padova, Italy
| | - Gianluca Masi
- Unit of Medical Oncology 2, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria Pisana, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Roberta Grande
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital of Frosinone, Frosinone, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Tonini
- Dipartimento di Oncologia Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Mescoli
- Surgical Pathology and Cytopathology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Luigi Coltelli
- Unit of Medical Oncology, Hospital Felice Lotti, Azienda Toscana Nord Ovest, Pontedera, Italy
| | - Lisa Salvatore
- Unit of Medical Oncology 2, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria Pisana, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Unit of Medical Oncology, Policlinico G. B. Rossi, Azienda Ospedaliera Integrata di Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Cristiana Lupi
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Donatello Gemma
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital of Frosinone, Frosinone, Italy
| | - Monica Ronzoni
- Department of Oncology, Hospital San Raffaele IRCSS, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Federica Marmorino
- Unit of Medical Oncology 2, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria Pisana, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Di Fabio
- Unit of Medical Oncology, Policlinico Sant'Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Laura Mancini
- Department of Medical Oncology, Policlinico Umberto I Sapienza, University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Marcucci
- Unit of Medical Oncology, Hospital Felice Lotti, Azienda Toscana Nord Ovest, Pontedera, Italy
| | - Gabriella Fontanini
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Vittorina Zagonel
- Medical Oncology Unit 1, Department of Clinical and Experimental Oncology, Istituto Oncologico Veneto-IRCCS, Padova, Italy
| | - Luca Boni
- Clinical Trials Coordinating Center, Toscano Cancer Institute, University Hospital Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Alfredo Falcone
- Unit of Medical Oncology 2, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria Pisana, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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13
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Fleitas-Kanonnikoff T, Martinez‐Ciarpaglini C, Ayala J, Gauna C, Denis R, Yoffe I, Sforza S, Martínez MT, Pomata A, Ibarrola‐Villava M, Arevshatyan S, Burriel V, Boscá D, Pastor O, Ferrer‐Martinez A, Carrasco F, Mongort C, Navarro S, Ribas G, Cervantes A. Molecular profile in Paraguayan colorectal cancer patients, towards to a precision medicine strategy. Cancer Med 2019; 8:3120-3130. [PMID: 31059199 PMCID: PMC6558499 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Somatic mutation analysis and evaluation of microsatellite instability (MSI) have become mandatory for selecting personalized therapy strategies for advanced colorectal cancer and are not available as routine methods in Paraguay. The aims of this study were to analyze the molecular profile as well as the microsatellite status in a series of advanced colorectal patients from two public hospitals from Paraguay, to introduce these methodologies in the routine practice to guide the therapeutic decisions. Thirty‐six patients diagnosed with advanced colorectal cancer from two referent public hospitals from Paraguay were recruited from May 2017 to February 2018. Sequenom Mass spectrometry, Oncocarta Panel V.1 was applied to analyze the mutational profile from formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded samples. The microsatellite status was tested by immunohistochemistry (IHC). The mean age of the patients was 52 years with a range from 20 to 74 years. Eighty‐three percent of the patients included in the study have advanced‐stage tumors at the moment of the diagnosis. Sixteen patients (44.4%) were wild‐type for all the oncogene regions analyzed with the Oncocarta panel. Thirty‐two hot‐spot pathogenic variants on seven oncogenes, among 20 patients (55.6%), were identified, including KRAS, NRAS, BRAF, PI3KCA, FGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor, and PDGFRA. Moreover, 14 (38.8%) of these patients presented pathogenic variants in KRAS/NRAS or BRAF genes that have implications in the clinical practice decisions. Five patients (14%) presented MSI. The IHC study for microsatellite status and the molecular profile analysis through Sequenom mass spectrometry are feasible and useful methods, due to identify those patient candidates for targeted therapies and for the budgetary calculations of the National Health Plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Fleitas-Kanonnikoff
- Department of Medical OncologyCIBERONCBiomedical Research Institute INCLIVAUniversity of ValenciaValenciaSpain
| | | | - Josefina Ayala
- Department of Medical OncologyInstituto Nacional del Cáncer (INCAN)CapiatáParaguay
| | - Cinthia Gauna
- Department of Medical OncologyInstituto Nacional del Cáncer (INCAN)CapiatáParaguay
| | - Rita Denis
- Department of Medical OncologyHospital de Clínicas (HC)Universidad Nacional de AsunciónSan LorenzoParaguay
| | - Ita Yoffe
- Department of Medical OncologyHospital de Clínicas (HC)Universidad Nacional de AsunciónSan LorenzoParaguay
| | - Silvia Sforza
- Department of Medical OncologyInstituto Nacional del Cáncer (INCAN)CapiatáParaguay
| | | | - Alicia Pomata
- Department of PathologyInstituto Nacional del Cáncer (INCAN)CapiatáParaguay
| | - Maider Ibarrola‐Villava
- Department of Medical OncologyCIBERONCBiomedical Research Institute INCLIVAUniversity of ValenciaValenciaSpain
| | | | | | | | - Oscar Pastor
- Gembiosoft‐Universidad Politécnica de ValenciaValenciaSpain
| | - Ana Ferrer‐Martinez
- Department of Medical OncologyCIBERONCBiomedical Research Institute INCLIVAUniversity of ValenciaValenciaSpain
| | - Francisca Carrasco
- Department of Medical OncologyCIBERONCBiomedical Research Institute INCLIVAUniversity of ValenciaValenciaSpain
| | - Cristina Mongort
- Department of PathologyCIBERONCBiomedical Research Institute INCLIVAUniversity of ValenciaValenciaSpain
| | - Samuel Navarro
- Department of PathologyCIBERONCBiomedical Research Institute INCLIVAUniversity of ValenciaValenciaSpain
| | - Gloria Ribas
- Department of Medical OncologyCIBERONCBiomedical Research Institute INCLIVAUniversity of ValenciaValenciaSpain
| | - Andres Cervantes
- Department of Medical OncologyCIBERONCBiomedical Research Institute INCLIVAUniversity of ValenciaValenciaSpain
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14
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Cremolini C, Marmorino F, Bergamo F, Aprile G, Salvatore L, Masi G, Dell’Aquila E, Antoniotti C, Murgioni S, Allegrini G, Borelli B, Gemma D, Casagrande M, Granetto C, Delfanti S, Di Donato S, Schirripa M, Sensi E, Tonini G, Lonardi S, Fontanini G, Boni L, Falcone A. Phase II randomised study of maintenance treatment with bevacizumab or bevacizumab plus metronomic chemotherapy after first-line induction with FOLFOXIRI plus Bevacizumab for metastatic colorectal cancer patients: the MOMA trial. Eur J Cancer 2019; 109:175-182. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2018.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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15
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Autologous cell lines from circulating colon cancer cells captured from sequential liquid biopsies as model to study therapy-driven tumor changes. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15931. [PMID: 30374140 PMCID: PMC6206091 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34365-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are important clinical indicators for prognosis and treatment efficacy. However, CTC investigation is hampered by their low number, making the establishment of permanent CTC lines very challenging. We derived and characterized nine CTC lines using blood samples from a patient with metastatic colorectal cancer collected before and after chemotherapy and targeted therapy, and during cancer progression. These cell lines displayed an intermediate epithelial/mesenchymal phenotype, stem-cell like characteristics, angiogenesis potential, an osteomimetic signature and the capacity to escape from the immune system. Moreover, they showed changes in mRNA and protein expression (e.g., DEFA6, ABCB1 and GAL), whereas analysis of chromosomal copy number aberrations revealed no significant variation over time. These data indicate that although CTC lines derived from sequential blood samples during therapy have common traits, treatment-resistant CTC clones with distinct phenotypic characteristics are selected over time.
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16
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Al-Ogaidi AJM, Stefan-van Staden RI, Gugoasa LA, Rosu MC, Socaci C. Electrochemical Determination of the KRAS Genetic Marker for Colon Cancer with Modified Graphete and Graphene Paste Electrodes. ANAL LETT 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2018.1453516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Jassim Muklive Al-Ogaidi
- University Politehnica, Bucharest, Romania
- Applied Sciences Department, Branch of Applied Chemistry, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Raluca-Ioana Stefan-van Staden
- University Politehnica, Bucharest, Romania
- Laboratory of Electrochemistry and PATLAB Bucharest, National Institute of Research for Electrochemistry and Condensed Matter, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Livia Alexandra Gugoasa
- Laboratory of Electrochemistry and PATLAB Bucharest, National Institute of Research for Electrochemistry and Condensed Matter, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Marcela-Corina Rosu
- National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Crina Socaci
- National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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17
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Borelli B, Moretto R, Lonardi S, Bonetti A, Antoniotti C, Pietrantonio F, Masi G, Burgio V, Marmorino F, Salvatore L, Rossini D, Zaniboni A, Zucchelli G, Martignetti A, Di Battista M, Pella N, Passardi A, Boccaccino A, Leone F, Colombo C, Granetto C, Vannini F, Marsico VA, Martinelli E, Antonuzzo L, Vitello S, Delliponti L, Boni L, Cremolini C, Falcone A. TRIPLETE: a randomised phase III study of modified FOLFOXIRI plus panitumumab versus mFOLFOX6 plus panitumumab as initial therapy for patients with unresectable RAS and BRAF wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer. ESMO Open 2018; 3:e000403. [PMID: 30018814 PMCID: PMC6045747 DOI: 10.1136/esmoopen-2018-000403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background FOLFOXIRI plus bevacizumab is considered a standard option in the upfront treatment of clinically selected patients with metastatic colorectal cancer irrespective of RAS and BRAF molecular status. The randomised MACBETH and VOLFI studies showed that a modified FOLFOXIRI regimen in combination with cetuximab or panitumumab, respectively, achieved high therapeutic activity in RAS and BRAF wild-type patients with an acceptable toxicity profile. Drawing from these considerations, we designed TRIPLETE study aiming at comparing two different chemotherapy backbones (mFOLFOXIRI or mFOLFOX6) in combination with panitumumab in the first-line treatment of patients with RAS and BRAF wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer. Methods This is a prospective, open-label, multicentre phase III trial in which initially unresectable and previously untreated RAS and BRAF wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer patients are randomised to receive a standard treatment with mFOLFOX6 plus panitumumab or an experimental regimen with modified FOLFOXIRI (irinotecan 150 mg/m2, oxaliplatin 85 mg/m2, L-leucovorin 200 mg/m2, 5-fluoruracil 2400 mg/m2 48-hour continuous infusion) plus panitumumab up to 12 cycles, followed by panitumumab plus 5-fluorouracil and L-leucovorin until disease progression. The primary endpoint is overall response rate according to RECIST 1.1 criteria. Discussion The relative benefit of chemotherapy intensification when using an anti-EGFR-based regimen in molecularly selected patients is unknown; TRIPLETE study aims at filling this gap of knowledge. The study is sponsored by the Gruppo Oncologico Nord Ovest Cooperative Group and is currently ongoing at 42 Italian centres. Clinical trial information NCT03231722.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Borelli
- Unit of Medical Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Roberto Moretto
- Unit of Medical Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Sara Lonardi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Oncology, SC Medical Oncology Unit 1, Istituto Oncologico Veneto - IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Andrea Bonetti
- Department of Oncology, "Mater Salutis" Hospital, Legnago, Italy
| | - Carlotta Antoniotti
- Unit of Medical Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Filippo Pietrantonio
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano, Italy
| | - Gianluca Masi
- Unit of Medical Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Valentina Burgio
- Department of Oncology, Division of Experimental Medicine, IRCCS San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Marmorino
- Unit of Medical Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lisa Salvatore
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy
| | - Daniele Rossini
- Unit of Medical Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Gemma Zucchelli
- Unit of Medical Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | - Nicoletta Pella
- Department of Medical Oncology, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata, Udine, Italy
| | - Alessandro Passardi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Alessandra Boccaccino
- Unit of Medical Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesco Leone
- Department of Medical Oncology, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO, IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy.,Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Camilla Colombo
- Unit of Medical Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Cristina Granetto
- Department of Medical Oncology, A.O. S. Croce and Carle Teaching Hospital, Cuneo, Italy
| | - Francesca Vannini
- Unit of Medical Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Erika Martinelli
- Department of Internal and Experimental Medicine "F. Magrassi e A. Lanzara", Institute of Medical Oncology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Antonuzzo
- S.C. Oncologia Medica 1, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy.,Medical Genetics, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Stefano Vitello
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sant'Elia Hospital, Caltanissetta, Italy
| | - Laura Delliponti
- Unit of Medical Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Luca Boni
- Clinical Trial Center, AOU Careggi, Firenze, Italy
| | - Chiara Cremolini
- Unit of Medical Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alfredo Falcone
- Unit of Medical Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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18
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Li ZZ, Wang F, Zhang ZC, Wang F, Zhao Q, Zhang DS, Wang FH, Wang ZQ, Luo HY, He MM, Wang DS, Jin Y, Ren C, Qiu MZ, Ren J, Pan ZZ, Li YH, Shao JY, Xu RH. Mutation profiling in chinese patients with metastatic colorectal cancer and its correlation with clinicopathological features and anti-EGFR treatment response. Oncotarget 2017; 7:28356-68. [PMID: 27050078 PMCID: PMC5053731 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
An increasing number of studies reveal the significance of genetic markers in guiding target treatment and refining prognosis. This retrospective observational study aims to assess the mutation profile of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) in Chinese population with the help of MassARRAY® technique platform and OncoCarta™ Panel. 322 Chinese patients with mCRC who received clinical molecular testing as part of their standard care were investigated. 80 patients received cetuximab palliative treatment. 238 common hot-spot mutations of 19 cancer related genes in the OncoCarta™ Panel were tested. 44 mutations in 11 genes were detected in 156 cases (48.4%). At least one mutation was identified in 38.5% (124/322) of all tested cases, two concomitant mutations in 9.0% (29/322) and three mutations in 3 cases (<1%). KRAS was the most frequently mutated gene (34.8%), followed by PIK3CA (9.6%), NRAS (4.3%), BRAF (3.4%), EGFR (2.5%) and HRAS (1.2%). Less frequent mutations were detected in PDGFRA, RET, AKT1, FGFR1, and ERBB2. Co-mutation of RAS family subtypes was observed in 5 patients, and KRAS and BRAF concurrent mutation in 1 patient. KRAS, NRAS, BRAF and PIK3CA mutations had association with some clinicopathological features statistically. Patients identified as wild-type in all 19 genes had better objective response rate when treated with cetuximab. The clinical molecular testing with OncoCarta™ Panel supplemented the limited data of mCRC in Chinese population, and offered a clearer landscape of multiple gene mutational profile in not only clinically prognostic KRAS, NRAS, BRAF and PIK3CA genes, but also less frequent mutated genes. Knowledge of these multiple gene mutation patterns may give clues in exploring interesting accompanying co-occurrence relationship or mutually exclusive relationship between mutated genes, as well as in predicting benefit of all-wild-type patients from anti-EGFR treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe-Zhen Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Zi-Chen Zhang
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Qi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Dong-Sheng Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Feng-Hua Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Hui-Yan Luo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Ming-Ming He
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - De-Shen Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Ying Jin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Chao Ren
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Miao-Zhen Qiu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jian Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Zhong Pan
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Hong Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jiao-Yong Shao
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Rui-Hua Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, P. R. China
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19
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Drew DA, Mo A, Grady JJ, Stevens RG, Levine JB, Brenner BM, Anderson JC, Forouhar F, O'Brien MJ, Devers TJ, Rosenberg DW. Proximal Aberrant Crypt Foci Associate with Synchronous Neoplasia and Are Primed for Neoplastic Progression. Mol Cancer Res 2017; 16:486-495. [PMID: 29222172 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-17-0380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant crypt foci (ACF) are the earliest morphologically identifiable lesion found within the human colon. Despite their relatively high frequency in the distal colon, few studies have examined the molecular characteristics of ACF within the proximal colon. In the following study, clinical participants (n = 184) were screened for ACF using high-definition chromoendoscopy with contrast dye-spray. Following pathologic confirmation, ACF biopsies were subjected to laser capture microdissection (LCM), and epithelial cells were evaluated for somatic mutations with a customized colorectal cancer mutation panel using DNA-mass spectrometry. Samples were further characterized for microsatellite instability (MSI). Logistic models were used to associate proximal ACF with synchronous (detected during the same procedure) neoplasia. Thirty-nine percent of participants had at least one histologically confirmed proximal ACF. Individuals with a proximal ACF were significantly more likely to present with a synchronous neoplasm (P = 0.001), and specifically, a proximal, tubular, or tubulovillous adenoma (multivariable OR = 2.69; 95% confidence interval, 1.12-6.47; P = 0.027). Proximal ACF were more likely to be dysplastic (52%) compared with distal ACF (13%; P < 0.0001). Somatic mutations to APC, BRAF, KRAS, NRAS, and ERBB2 were detected in 37% of proximal ACF. Hyperplastic ACF were more often MSI-high, but there were no differences in MSI status observed by colonic location. In summary, ACF are identified in the proximal colons of approximately 40% of individuals undergoing chromoendoscopy and more often in patients with synchronous proximal adenomas.Implications: This study provides the most complete set of data, to date, that ACF represent the earliest step in the adenoma-carcinoma sequence but remain below the detection limit of conventional endoscopy.Visual Overview: http//mcr.accrjournals.org/content/molcanres/16/3/486/F1.large.jpg Mol Cancer Res; 16(3); 486-95. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Drew
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Allen Mo
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - James J Grady
- Connecticut Institute for Clinical and Translational Science, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Richard G Stevens
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, Connecticut.,Department of Community Medicine and Health Care
| | - Joel B Levine
- Colon Cancer Prevention Program, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Bruce M Brenner
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Joseph C Anderson
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Faripour Forouhar
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Michael J O'Brien
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Thomas J Devers
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Daniel W Rosenberg
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, Connecticut. .,Colon Cancer Prevention Program, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, Connecticut
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20
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Ibarrola-Villava M, Fleitas T, Llorca-Cardeñosa MJ, Mongort C, Alonso E, Navarro S, Burgues O, Vivancos A, Cejalvo JM, Perez-Fidalgo JA, Roselló S, Ribas G, Cervantes A. Determination of somatic oncogenic mutations linked to target-based therapies using MassARRAY technology. Oncotarget 2017; 7:22543-55. [PMID: 26968814 PMCID: PMC5008380 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Somatic mutation analysis represents a useful tool in selecting personalized therapy. The aim of our study was to determine the presence of common genetic events affecting actionable oncogenes using a MassARRAY technology in patients with advanced solid tumors who were potential candidates for target-based therapies. The analysis of 238 mutations across 19 oncogenes was performed in 197 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples of different tumors using the OncoCarta Panel v1.0 (Sequenom Hamburg, Germany). Of the 197 specimens, 97 (49.2%) presented at least one mutation. Forty-nine different oncogenic mutations in 16 genes were detected. Mutations in KRAS and PIK3CA were detected in 40/97 (41.2%) and 30/97 (30.9%) patients respectively. Thirty-one patients (32.0%) had mutations in two genes, 20 of them (64.5%) initially diagnosed with colorectal cancer. The co-occurrence of mutation involved mainly KRAS, PIK3CA, KIT and RET. Mutation profiles were validated using a customized panel and the Junior Next-Generation Sequencing technology (GS-Junior 454, Roche). Twenty-eight patients participated in early clinical trials or received specific treatments according to the molecular characterization (28.0%). MassARRAY technology is a rapid and effective method for identifying key cancer-driving mutations across a large number of samples, which allows for a more appropriate selection for personalized therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maider Ibarrola-Villava
- Hematology and Medical Oncology Unit, Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Tania Fleitas
- Hematology and Medical Oncology Unit, Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Cristina Mongort
- Department of Pathology, Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Elisa Alonso
- Department of Pathology, Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Samuel Navarro
- Department of Pathology, Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Octavio Burgues
- Department of Pathology, Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana Vivancos
- Cancer Genomics Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Miguel Cejalvo
- Hematology and Medical Oncology Unit, Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Susana Roselló
- Hematology and Medical Oncology Unit, Clinic University Hospital of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Gloria Ribas
- Hematology and Medical Oncology Unit, Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Andrés Cervantes
- Hematology and Medical Oncology Unit, Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain.,Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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21
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Spaans VM, Nyoman Bayu Mahendra I, Purwoto G, Trietsch MD, Osse M, Ter Haar N, Peters AAW, Fleuren GJ, Jordanova ES. The landscape of somatic mutations in Indonesian cervical cancer is predominated by the PI3K pathway. Gynecol Oncol 2017; 148:189-196. [PMID: 29113722 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2017.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the prevalence of somatic mutations in Indonesian cervical carcinoma patients in the context of histology and human papillomavirus (HPV) type. METHODS In total 174 somatic hot-spot mutations in 13 genes were analyzed by mass spectrometry in 137 Indonesian cervical carcinomas. RESULTS In 66/137 tumors (48%) 95 mutations were identified. PIK3CA was most frequently mutated (24%), followed by FBXW7 (7%), CTNNB1 (6%), and PTEN (6%). In squamous cell carcinomas more often multiple mutations per sample (p=0.040), and more PIK3CA (p=0.039) and CTNNB1 (p=0.038) mutations were detected compared to adenocarcinomas. PIK3CA mutations were associated with HPV 16 positivity, CDKN2A mutations with HPV 52 positivity, and, interestingly, PTEN mutations with HPV negativity. Balinese tumor samples more often carried multiple mutations (p=0.019), and more CTNNB1, CDKN2A, and NRAS mutations compared to Javanese tumor samples. CONCLUSIONS Potentially targetable somatic mutations occurred in 48% of Indonesian cervical carcinomas. The landscape of mutations is predominated by mutations concerning the PI3K pathway, and we prompt for more research on developing therapies targeting this pathway, explicitly for the more advanced stage cervical carcinoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian M Spaans
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - I Nyoman Bayu Mahendra
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia
| | - Gatot Purwoto
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, Rumah Sakit Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo, Jakarta, Java, Indonesia
| | - Marjolijn D Trietsch
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Michelle Osse
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Natalja Ter Haar
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Alexander A W Peters
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gert J Fleuren
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Ekaterina S Jordanova
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Center for Gynecologic Oncology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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22
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Ziv E, Bergen M, Yarmohammadi H, Boas FE, Petre EN, Sofocleous CT, Yaeger R, Solit DB, Solomon SB, Erinjeri JP. PI3K pathway mutations are associated with longer time to local progression after radioembolization of colorectal liver metastases. Oncotarget 2017; 8:23529-23538. [PMID: 28206962 PMCID: PMC5410324 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To establish the relationship between common mutations in the MAPK and PI3K signaling pathways and local progression after radioembolization. Materials and Methods Retrospective review of a HIPAA-compliant institutional review-board approved database identified 40 patients with chemo-refractory colorectal liver metastases treated with radioembolization who underwent tumor genotyping for hotspot mutations in 6 key genes in the MAPK/PI3K pathways (KRAS, NRAS, BRAF, MEK1, PIK3CA, and AKT1). Mutation status as well as clinical, tumor, and treatment variables were recorded. These factors were evaluated in relation to time to local progression (TTLP), which was calculated from time of radioembolization to first radiographic evidence of local progression. Predictors of outcome were identified using a proportional hazards model for both univariate and multivariate analysis with death as a competing risk. Results Sixteen patients (40%) had no mutations in either pathway, eighteen patients (45%) had mutations in the MAPK pathway, ten patients (25%) had mutations in the PI3K pathway and four patients (10%) had mutations in both pathways. The cumulative incidence of progression at 6 and 12 months was 33% and 55% for the PI3K mutated group compared with 76% and 92% in the PI3K wild type group. Mutation in the PI3K pathway was a significant predictor of longer TTLP in both univariate (p=0.031, sHR 0.31, 95% CI: 0.11-0.90) and multivariate (p=0.015, sHR=0.27, 95% CI: 0.096-0.77) analysis. MAPK pathway alterations were not associated with TTLP. Conclusions PI3K pathway mutation predicts longer time to local progression after radioembolization of colorectal liver metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etay Ziv
- Interventional Radiology Service, Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
| | - Michael Bergen
- Department of Radiology, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, USA
| | - Hooman Yarmohammadi
- Interventional Radiology Service, Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
| | - F Ed Boas
- Interventional Radiology Service, Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
| | - E Nadia Petre
- Interventional Radiology Service, Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
| | - Constantinos T Sofocleous
- Interventional Radiology Service, Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
| | - Rona Yaeger
- Gastrointestinal Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
| | - David B Solit
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA.,Marie-Josee and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA.,Genitourinary Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
| | - Stephen B Solomon
- Interventional Radiology Service, Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
| | - Joseph P Erinjeri
- Interventional Radiology Service, Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
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23
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Gray RT, Loughrey MB, Bankhead P, Cardwell CR, McQuaid S, O'Neill RF, Arthur K, Bingham V, McGready C, Gavin AT, James JA, Hamilton PW, Salto-Tellez M, Murray LJ, Coleman HG. Statin use, candidate mevalonate pathway biomarkers, and colon cancer survival in a population-based cohort study. Br J Cancer 2017; 116:1652-1659. [PMID: 28524155 PMCID: PMC5518863 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2017.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Statin use after colorectal cancer diagnosis may improve survival but evidence from observational studies is conflicting. The anti-cancer effect of statins may be restricted to certain molecular subgroups. In this population-based cohort study, the interaction between p53 and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme-A reductase (HMGCR) expression, KRAS mutations, and the association between statin use and colon cancer survival was assessed. METHODS The cohort consisted of 740 stage II and III colon cancer patients diagnosed between 2004 and 2008. Statin use was determined through clinical note review. Tissue blocks were retrieved to determine immunohistochemical expression of p53 and HMGCR in tissue microarrays and the presence of KRAS mutations in extracted DNA. Cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for colorectal cancer-specific and overall survival. RESULTS Statin use was not associated with improved cancer-specific survival in this cohort (HR=0.91, 95% CI 0.64-1.28). Statin use was also not associated with improved survival when the analyses were stratified by tumour p53 (wild-type HR=1.31, 95% CI 0.67-2.56 vs aberrant HR=0.80, 95% CI 0.52-1.24), HMGCR (HMGCR-high HR=0.69, 95% CI 0.40-1.18 vs HMGCR-low HR=1.10, 95% CI 0.66-1.84), and KRAS (wild-type HR=0.73, 95% CI 0.44-1.19 vs mutant HR=1.21, 95% CI 0.70-2.21) status. CONCLUSIONS Statin use was not associated with improved survival either independently or when stratified by potential mevalonate pathway biomarkers in this population-based cohort of colon cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronan T Gray
- Cancer Epidemiology and Health Services Research Group, Centre for Public Health, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Maurice B Loughrey
- Northern Ireland Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
- Department of Tissue Pathology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Peter Bankhead
- Northern Ireland Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Chris R Cardwell
- Cancer Epidemiology and Health Services Research Group, Centre for Public Health, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Stephen McQuaid
- Northern Ireland Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
- Northern Ireland Biobank, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Roisin F O'Neill
- Cancer Epidemiology and Health Services Research Group, Centre for Public Health, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Kenneth Arthur
- Northern Ireland Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Victoria Bingham
- Northern Ireland Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Claire McGready
- Northern Ireland Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Anna T Gavin
- Northern Ireland Cancer Registry, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Jacqueline A James
- Northern Ireland Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
- Department of Tissue Pathology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
- Northern Ireland Biobank, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Peter W Hamilton
- Northern Ireland Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Manuel Salto-Tellez
- Northern Ireland Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
- Department of Tissue Pathology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Liam J Murray
- Cancer Epidemiology and Health Services Research Group, Centre for Public Health, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Helen G Coleman
- Cancer Epidemiology and Health Services Research Group, Centre for Public Health, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
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Zhang J, Feider CL, Nagi C, Yu W, Carter SA, Suliburk J, Cao HST, Eberlin LS. Detection of Metastatic Breast and Thyroid Cancer in Lymph Nodes by Desorption Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry Imaging. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2017; 28:1166-1174. [PMID: 28247296 PMCID: PMC5750372 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-016-1570-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/27/2016] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Ambient ionization mass spectrometry has been widely applied to image lipids and metabolites in primary cancer tissues with the purpose of detecting and understanding metabolic changes associated with cancer development and progression. Here, we report the use of desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (DESI-MS) to image metastatic breast and thyroid cancer in human lymph node tissues. Our results show clear alterations in lipid and metabolite distributions detected in the mass spectra profiles from 42 samples of metastatic thyroid tumors, metastatic breast tumors, and normal lymph node tissues. 2D DESI-MS ion images of selected molecular species allowed discrimination and visualization of specific histologic features within tissue sections, including regions of metastatic cancer, adjacent normal lymph node, and fibrosis or adipose tissues, which strongly correlated with pathologic findings. In thyroid cancer metastasis, increased relative abundances of ceramides and glycerophosphoinisitols were observed. In breast cancer metastasis, increased relative abundances of various fatty acids and specific glycerophospholipids were seen. Trends in the alterations in fatty acyl chain composition of lipid species were also observed through detailed mass spectra evaluation and chemical identification of molecular species. The results obtained demonstrate DESI-MSI as a potential clinical tool for the detection of breast and thyroid cancer metastasis in lymph nodes, although further validation is needed. Graphical Abstract Desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging is used to differentiate metastatic cancer from adjacent lymph node tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialing Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Clara L Feider
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Chandandeep Nagi
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Wendong Yu
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Stacey A Carter
- Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - James Suliburk
- Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Hop S Tran Cao
- Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Livia S Eberlin
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.
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de Bruin EC, Whiteley JL, Corcoran C, Kirk PM, Fox JC, Armisen J, Lindemann JPO, Schiavon G, Ambrose HJ, Kohlmann A. Accurate detection of low prevalence AKT1 E17K mutation in tissue or plasma from advanced cancer patients. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175779. [PMID: 28472036 PMCID: PMC5417426 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Personalized healthcare relies on accurate companion diagnostic assays that enable the most appropriate treatment decision for cancer patients. Extensive assay validation prior to use in a clinical setting is essential for providing a reliable test result. This poses a challenge for low prevalence mutations with limited availability of appropriate clinical samples harboring the mutation. To enable prospective screening for the low prevalence AKT1 E17K mutation, we have developed and validated a competitive allele-specific TaqMan® PCR (castPCR™) assay for mutation detection in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tumor tissue. Analysis parameters of the castPCR™ assay were established using an FFPE DNA reference standard and its analytical performance was assessed using 338 breast cancer and gynecological cancer FFPE samples. With recent technical advances for minimally invasive mutation detection in circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), we subsequently also evaluated the OncoBEAM™ assay to enable plasma specimens as additional diagnostic opportunity for AKT1 E17K mutation testing. The analysis performance of the OncoBEAM™ test was evaluated using a novel AKT1 E17K ctDNA reference standard consisting of sheared genomic DNA spiked into human plasma. Both assays are employed at centralized testing laboratories operating according to quality standards for prospective identification of the AKT1 E17K mutation in ER+ breast cancer patients in the context of a clinical trial evaluating the AKT inhibitor AZD5363 in combination with endocrine (fulvestrant) therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elza C. de Bruin
- Personalised Healthcare and Biomarkers, Innovative Medicines and Early Development, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Jessica L. Whiteley
- Personalised Healthcare and Biomarkers, Innovative Medicines and Early Development, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Claire Corcoran
- Personalised Healthcare and Biomarkers, Innovative Medicines and Early Development, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Pauline M. Kirk
- Personalised Healthcare and Biomarkers, Innovative Medicines and Early Development, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jayne C. Fox
- Personalised Healthcare and Biomarkers, Innovative Medicines and Early Development, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Justin P. O. Lindemann
- Early Clinical Development, Innovative Medicines and Early Development, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Gaia Schiavon
- Translational Science, Innovative Medicines and Early Development, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Helen J. Ambrose
- Early Clinical Development, Innovative Medicines and Early Development, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander Kohlmann
- Personalised Healthcare and Biomarkers, Innovative Medicines and Early Development, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Gray RT, Cantwell MM, Coleman HG, Loughrey MB, Bankhead P, McQuaid S, O'Neill RF, Arthur K, Bingham V, McGready C, Gavin AT, Cardwell CR, Johnston BT, James JA, Hamilton PW, Salto-Tellez M, Murray LJ. Evaluation of PTGS2 Expression, PIK3CA Mutation, Aspirin Use and Colon Cancer Survival in a Population-Based Cohort Study. Clin Transl Gastroenterol 2017; 8:e91. [PMID: 28448072 PMCID: PMC5543466 DOI: 10.1038/ctg.2017.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The association between aspirin use and improved survival after colorectal cancer diagnosis may be more pronounced in tumors that have PIK3CA mutations or high PTGS2 expression. However, the evidence of a difference in association by biomarker status lacks consistency. In this population-based colon cancer cohort study the interaction between these biomarkers, aspirin use, and survival was assessed. METHODS The cohort consisted of 740 stage II and III colon cancer patients diagnosed between 2004 and 2008. Aspirin use was determined through clinical note review. Tissue blocks were retrieved to determine immunohistochemical assessment of PTGS2 expression and the presence of PIK3CA mutations. Cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for colorectal cancer-specific and overall survival. RESULTS In this cohort aspirin use was associated with a 31% improvement in cancer-specific survival compared to non-use (adjusted HR=0.69, 95% CI 0.47-0.98). This effect was more pronounced in tumors with high PTGS2 expression (PTGS2-high adjusted HR=0.55, 95% CI 0.32-0.96) compared to those with low PTGS2 expression (PTGS2-low adjusted HR=1.19, 95% CI 0.68-2.07, P for interaction=0.09). The aspirin by PTGS2 interaction was significant for overall survival (PTGS2-high adjusted HR=0.64, 95% CI 0.42-0.98 vs. PTGS2-low adjusted HR=1.28, 95% CI 0.80-2.03, P for interaction=0.04). However, no interaction was observed between aspirin use and PIK3CA mutation status for colorectal cancer-specific or overall survival. CONCLUSIONS Aspirin use was associated with improved survival outcomes in this population-based cohort of colon cancer patients. This association differed according to PTGS2 expression but not PIK3CA mutation status. Limiting adjuvant aspirin trials to PIK3CA-mutant colorectal cancer may be too restrictive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronan T Gray
- Cancer Epidemiology and Health Services Research Group, Centre for Public Health, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Marie M Cantwell
- Nutrition and Metabolism Group, Institute for Global Food Security, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Helen G Coleman
- Cancer Epidemiology and Health Services Research Group, Centre for Public Health, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Maurice B Loughrey
- Northern Ireland Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
- Tissue Pathology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Peter Bankhead
- Northern Ireland Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Stephen McQuaid
- Northern Ireland Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
- Northern Ireland Biobank, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Roisin F O'Neill
- Cancer Epidemiology and Health Services Research Group, Centre for Public Health, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Kenneth Arthur
- Northern Ireland Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Victoria Bingham
- Northern Ireland Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Claire McGready
- Northern Ireland Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Anna T Gavin
- Northern Ireland Cancer Registry, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Chris R Cardwell
- Cancer Epidemiology and Health Services Research Group, Centre for Public Health, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Brian T Johnston
- Department of Gastroenterology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Jacqueline A James
- Northern Ireland Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
- Tissue Pathology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, Northern Ireland
- Northern Ireland Biobank, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Peter W Hamilton
- Northern Ireland Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Manuel Salto-Tellez
- Northern Ireland Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
- Tissue Pathology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Liam J Murray
- Cancer Epidemiology and Health Services Research Group, Centre for Public Health, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
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Infante JR, Cohen RB, Kim KB, Burris HA, Curt G, Emeribe U, Clemett D, Tomkinson HK, LoRusso PM. A phase I dose-escalation study of Selumetinib in combination with Erlotinib or Temsirolimus in patients with advanced solid tumors. Invest New Drugs 2017; 35:576-588. [PMID: 28424891 PMCID: PMC5613062 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-017-0459-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Combinations of molecularly targeted agents may provide optimal anti-tumor activity and improve clinical outcomes for patients with advanced cancers. Selumetinib (AZD6244, ARRY-142886) is an oral, potent and highly selective, allosteric inhibitor of MEK1/2, a component of the RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK pathway which is constitutively activated in many cancers. We investigated the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics (PK) of selumetinib in combination with molecularly targeted drugs erlotinib or temsirolimus in patients with advanced solid tumors. Methods Two-part study: dose escalation, to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of selumetinib in combination with erlotinib 100 mg once daily (QD) or temsirolimus 25 mg once weekly, followed by dose expansion at the respective combination MTDs to further investigate safety and anti-tumor effects. Results 48 patients received selumetinib plus erlotinib and 32 patients received selumetinib plus temsirolimus. The MTD with erlotinib 100 mg QD was selumetinib 100 mg QD, with diarrhea being dose limiting. The most common all grade adverse events (AEs): diarrhea, rash, nausea, and fatigue. Four (8.3%) patients had ≥12 weeks stable disease. The MTD with temsirolimus 25 mg once weekly was selumetinib 50 mg twice daily (BID), with mucositis and neutropenia being dose limiting. The most commonly reported AEs: nausea, fatigue, diarrhea, and mucositis. Ten (31.3%) patients had ≥12 weeks stable disease. The combination PK profiles were comparable to previously observed monotherapy profiles. Conclusions MTDs were established for selumetinib in combination with erlotinib or temsirolimus. Overlapping toxicities prevented the escalation of selumetinib to its recommended phase II monotherapy dose of 75 mg BID. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00600496; registered 8 July 2009.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey R Infante
- Sarah Cannon Research Institute, 93 Harley St, Marylebone, London, W1G 6AD, UK. .,Tennessee Oncology, PLLC, 250 25th Ave North, Nashville, TN, 37203, USA.
| | - Roger B Cohen
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Kevin B Kim
- California Pacific Medical Center (Sutterhealth), 475 Brannan Street, Suite 220, San Francisco, CA, 94107, USA
| | - Howard A Burris
- Sarah Cannon Research Institute, 93 Harley St, Marylebone, London, W1G 6AD, UK.,Tennessee Oncology, PLLC, 250 25th Ave North, Nashville, TN, 37203, USA
| | - Gregory Curt
- AstraZeneca, 1800 Concord Pike, Wilmington, DE, 19850, USA
| | - Ugochi Emeribe
- AstraZeneca, 1800 Concord Pike, Wilmington, DE, 19850, USA
| | | | | | - Patricia M LoRusso
- Yale Cancer Center, 55 Park Street, Ste First Floor, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA
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Cremolini C, Casagrande M, Loupakis F, Aprile G, Bergamo F, Masi G, Moretto R R, Pietrantonio F, Marmorino F, Zucchelli G, Tomasello G, Tonini G, Allegrini G, Granetto C, Ferrari L, Urbani L, Cillo U, Pilati P, Sensi E, Pellegrinelli A, Milione M, Fontanini G, Falcone A. Efficacy of FOLFOXIRI plus bevacizumab in liver-limited metastatic colorectal cancer: A pooled analysis of clinical studies by Gruppo Oncologico del Nord Ovest. Eur J Cancer 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2016.10.028 order by 43458--] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/01/2022]
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29
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Cremolini C, Casagrande M, Loupakis F, Aprile G, Bergamo F, Masi G, Moretto R R, Pietrantonio F, Marmorino F, Zucchelli G, Tomasello G, Tonini G, Allegrini G, Granetto C, Ferrari L, Urbani L, Cillo U, Pilati P, Sensi E, Pellegrinelli A, Milione M, Fontanini G, Falcone A. Efficacy of FOLFOXIRI plus bevacizumab in liver-limited metastatic colorectal cancer: A pooled analysis of clinical studies by Gruppo Oncologico del Nord Ovest. Eur J Cancer 2017; 73:74-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2016.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Fleitas T, Ibarrola-Villava M, Ribas G, Cervantes A. MassARRAY determination of somatic oncogenic mutations in solid tumors: Moving forward to personalized medicine. Cancer Treat Rev 2016; 49:57-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2016.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Targeted molecular profiling of rare genetic alterations in colorectal cancer using next-generation sequencing. Med Oncol 2016; 33:106. [PMID: 27568332 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-016-0820-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mutation frequencies of common genetic alterations in colorectal cancer have been in the spotlight for many years. This study highlights few rare somatic mutations, which possess the attributes of a potential CRC biomarker yet are often neglected. Next-generation sequencing was performed over 112 tumor samples to detect genetic alterations in 31 rare genes in colorectal cancer. Mutations were detected in 26/31 (83.9 %) uncommon genes, which together contributed toward 149 gene mutations in 67/112 (59.8 %) colorectal cancer patients. The most frequent mutations include KDR (19.6 %), PTEN (17 %), FBXW7 (10.7 %), SMAD4 (10.7 %), VHL (8 %), KIT (8 %), MET (7.1 %), ATM (6.3 %), CTNNB1 (4.5 %) and CDKN2A (4.5 %). RB1, ERBB4 and ERBB2 mutations were persistent in 3.6 % patients. GNAS, FGFR2 and FGFR3 mutations were persistent in 1.8 % patients. Ten genes (EGFR, NOTCH1, SMARCB1, ABL1, STK11, SMO, RET, GNAQ, CSF1R and FLT3) were found mutated in 0.9 % patients. Lastly, no mutations were observed in AKT, HRAS, MAP2K1, PDGFR and JAK2. Significant associations were observed between VHL with tumor site, ERBB4 and SMARCB1 with tumor invasion, CTNNB1 with lack of lymph node involvement and CTNNB1, FGFR2 and FGFR3 with TNM stage. Significantly coinciding mutation pairs include PTEN and SMAD4, PTEN and KDR, EGFR and RET, EGFR and RB1, FBXW7 and CTNNB1, KDR and FGFR2, FLT3 and CTNNB1, RET and RB1, ATM and SMAD4, ATM and CDKN2A, ERBB4 and SMARCB1. This study elucidates few potential colorectal cancer biomarkers, specifically KDR, PTEN, FBXW7 and SMAD4, which are found mutated in more than 10 % patients.
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Magliacane G, Grassini G, Bartocci P, Francaviglia I, Dal Cin E, Barbieri G, Arrigoni G, Pecciarini L, Doglioni C, Cangi MG. Rapid targeted somatic mutation analysis of solid tumors in routine clinical diagnostics. Oncotarget 2016; 6:30592-603. [PMID: 26435479 PMCID: PMC4741554 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor genotyping is an essential step in routine clinical practice and pathology laboratories face a major challenge in being able to provide rapid, sensitive and updated molecular tests. We developed a novel mass spectrometry multiplexed genotyping platform named PentaPanel to concurrently assess single nucleotide polymorphisms in 56 hotspots of the 5 most clinically relevant cancer genes, KRAS, NRAS, BRAF, EGFR and PIK3CA for a total of 221 detectable mutations. To both evaluate and validate the PentaPanel performance,we investigated 1025 tumor specimens of 6 different cancer types (carcinomas of colon, lung, breast, pancreas, and biliary tract, and melanomas), systematically addressing sensitivity, specificity, and reproducibility of our platform. Sanger sequencing was also performed for all the study samples. Our data showed that PentaPanel is a high throughput and robust tool, allowing genotyping for targeted therapy selection of 10 patients in the same run, with a practical turnaround time of 2 working days. Importantly, it was successfully used to interrogate different DNAs isolated from routinely processed specimens (formalin-fixed paraffin embedded, frozen, and cytological samples), covering all the requirements of clinical tests. In conclusion, the PentaPanel platform can provide an immediate, accurate and cost effective multiplex approach for clinically relevant gene mutation analysis in many solid tumors and its utility across many diseases can be particularly relevant in multiple clinical trials, including the new basket trial approach, aiming to identify appropriate targeted drug combination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilda Magliacane
- Unit of Pathology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Greta Grassini
- Unit of Pathology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | | | | | - Elena Dal Cin
- Unit of Pathology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Gianluigi Arrigoni
- Unit of Pathology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Lorenza Pecciarini
- Unit of Pathology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Claudio Doglioni
- Unit of Pathology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Maria Giulia Cangi
- Unit of Pathology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
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Sartore-Bianchi A, Loupakis F, Argilés G, Prager G. Challenging chemoresistant metastatic colorectal cancer: therapeutic strategies from the clinic and from the laboratory. Ann Oncol 2016; 27:1456-66. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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Tian HX, Zhang XC, Wang Z, Chen JG, Chen SL, Guo WB, Wu YL. Establishment and application of a multiplex genetic mutation-detection method of lung cancer based on MassARRAY platform. Cancer Biol Med 2016; 13:68-76. [PMID: 27144063 PMCID: PMC4850129 DOI: 10.28092/j.issn.2095-3941.2015.0094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study aims to establish a method for highly parallel multiplexed detection of genetic mutations in Chinese lung cancer samples through Agena iPLEX chemistry and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight analysis on MassARRAY mass spectrometry platform. Methods: We reviewed the related literature and data on lung cancer treatments. We also identified 99 mutation hot spots in 13 target genes closely related to the pathogenesis, drug resistance, and metastasis of lung cancer. A total of 297 primers, composed of 99 paired forward and reverse amplification primers and 99 matched extension primers, were designed using Assay Design software. The detection method was established by analyzing eight cell lines and six lung cancer specimens. The proposed method was then validated through comparisons by using a LungCartaTM kit. The sensitivity and specificity of the proposed method were evaluated by directly sequencing EGFR and KRAS genes in 100 lung cancer cases. Results: The proposed method was able to detect multiplex genetic mutations in lung cancer cell lines. This finding was consistent with the observations on previously reported mutations. The proposed method can also detect such mutations in clinical lung cancer specimens. This result was consistent with the observations with LungCartaTM kit. However, an FGFR2 mutation was detected only through the proposed method. The measured sensitivity and specificity were 100% and 96.3%, respectively. Conclusions: The proposed MassARRAY technology-based multiplex method can detect genetic mutations in Chinese lung cancer patients. Therefore, the proposed method can be applied to detect mutations in other cancer tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Xia Tian
- Medical Research Center, Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xu-Chao Zhang
- Medical Research Center, Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Medical Research Center, Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jian-Guang Chen
- Medical Research Center, Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Shi-Liang Chen
- Medical Research Center, Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Wei-Bang Guo
- Medical Research Center, Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yi-Long Wu
- Medical Research Center, Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
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35
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Graham DM, Coyle VM, Kennedy RD, Wilson RH. Molecular Subtypes and Personalized Therapy in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer. CURRENT COLORECTAL CANCER REPORTS 2016; 12:141-150. [PMID: 27340376 PMCID: PMC4879165 DOI: 10.1007/s11888-016-0312-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Development of colorectal cancer occurs via a number of key pathways, with the clinicopathological features of specific subgroups being driven by underlying molecular changes. Mutations in key genes within the network of signalling pathways have been identified; however, therapeutic strategies to target these aberrations remain limited. As understanding of the biology of colorectal cancer has improved, this has led to a move toward broader genomic testing, collaborative research and innovative, adaptive clinical trial design. Recent developments in therapy include the routine adoption of wider mutational spectrum testing prior to use of targeted therapies and the first promise of effective immunotherapy for colorectal cancer patients. This review details current biomarkers in colorectal cancer for molecular stratification and for treatment allocation purposes, including open and planned precision medicine trials. Advances in our understanding, therapeutic strategy and technology will also be outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna M. Graham
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen’s University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AE N. Ireland UK
| | - Vicky M. Coyle
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen’s University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AE N. Ireland UK
| | - Richard D. Kennedy
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen’s University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AE N. Ireland UK
| | - Richard H. Wilson
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen’s University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AE N. Ireland UK
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Raub CB, Lee CC, Shibata D, Taylor C, Kartalov E. HistoMosaic Detecting KRAS G12V Mutation Across Colorectal Cancer Tissue Slices through in Situ PCR. Anal Chem 2016; 88:2792-8. [PMID: 26820161 PMCID: PMC7446286 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b04460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
We report on HistoMosaic, a novel technique for genetic analysis of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue slices. It combines microfluidic compartmentalization, in situ allele-specific PCR, and fluorescence microscopy. The experimental proof of principle was achieved by in situ detection of KRAS G12V mutation in colorectal cancer tissues and is presented herein. HistoMosaic offers the ability to detect mutations over the entire tissue slide simultaneously, rapidly, economically, and without selection bias, while coregistering the genetic information with the preserved morphological information. Thus, HistoMosaic has wide applicability in basic science as a tool to map genetic heterogeneity. It is also a platform to build companion diagnostics for targeted therapies in oncology, to help ensure that the right drug is given to the right patient, thereby saving healthcare resources and improving patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chen-Chung Lee
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, 2011 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Darryl Shibata
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, 2011 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Clive Taylor
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, 2011 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Emil Kartalov
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, 2011 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
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Jones S, Anagnostou V, Lytle K, Parpart-Li S, Nesselbush M, Riley DR, Shukla M, Chesnick B, Kadan M, Papp E, Galens KG, Murphy D, Zhang T, Kann L, Sausen M, Angiuoli SV, Diaz LA, Velculescu VE. Personalized genomic analyses for cancer mutation discovery and interpretation. Sci Transl Med 2016; 7:283ra53. [PMID: 25877891 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaa7161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 307] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Massively parallel sequencing approaches are beginning to be used clinically to characterize individual patient tumors and to select therapies based on the identified mutations. A major question in these analyses is the extent to which these methods identify clinically actionable alterations and whether the examination of the tumor tissue alone is sufficient or whether matched normal DNA should also be analyzed to accurately identify tumor-specific (somatic) alterations. To address these issues, we comprehensively evaluated 815 tumor-normal paired samples from patients of 15 tumor types. We identified genomic alterations using next-generation sequencing of whole exomes or 111 targeted genes that were validated with sensitivities >95% and >99%, respectively, and specificities >99.99%. These analyses revealed an average of 140 and 4.3 somatic mutations per exome and targeted analysis, respectively. More than 75% of cases had somatic alterations in genes associated with known therapies or current clinical trials. Analyses of matched normal DNA identified germline alterations in cancer-predisposing genes in 3% of patients with apparently sporadic cancers. In contrast, a tumor-only sequencing approach could not definitively identify germline changes in cancer-predisposing genes and led to additional false-positive findings comprising 31% and 65% of alterations identified in targeted and exome analyses, respectively, including in potentially actionable genes. These data suggest that matched tumor-normal sequencing analyses are essential for precise identification and interpretation of somatic and germline alterations and have important implications for the diagnostic and therapeutic management of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siân Jones
- Personal Genome Diagnostics, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Valsamo Anagnostou
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Karli Lytle
- Personal Genome Diagnostics, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | | | | | - David R Riley
- Personal Genome Diagnostics, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Manish Shukla
- Personal Genome Diagnostics, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | | | - Maura Kadan
- Personal Genome Diagnostics, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Eniko Papp
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | | | - Derek Murphy
- Personal Genome Diagnostics, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Theresa Zhang
- Personal Genome Diagnostics, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Lisa Kann
- Personal Genome Diagnostics, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Mark Sausen
- Personal Genome Diagnostics, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | | | - Luis A Diaz
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Victor E Velculescu
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
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High-Throughput Mutation Profiling Changes before and 3 Weeks after Chemotherapy in Newly Diagnosed Breast Cancer Patients. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142466. [PMID: 26630576 PMCID: PMC4667877 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Changes in tumor DNA mutation status during chemotherapy can provide insights into tumor biology and drug resistance. The purpose of this study is to analyse the presence or absence of mutations in cancer-related genes using baseline breast tumor samples and those obtained after exposure to one cycle of chemotherapy to determine if any differences exist, and to correlate these differences with clinical and pathological features. METHODS Paired breast tumor core biopsies obtained pre- and post-first cycle doxorubicin (n = 18) or docetaxel (n = 22) in treatment-naïve breast cancer patients were analysed for 238 mutations in 19 cancer-related genes by the Sequenom Oncocarta assay. RESULTS Median age of patients was 48 years (range 32-64); 55% had estrogen receptor-positive tumors, and 60% had tumor reduction ≥25% after cycle 1. Mutations were detected in 10/40 (25%) pre-treatment and 11/40 (28%) post-treatment samples. Four mutation pattern categories were identified based on tumor mutation status pre- → post-treatment: wildtype (WT)→WT, n = 24; mutant (MT)→MT, n = 5; MT→WT, n = 5; WT→MT, n = 6. Overall, the majority of tumors were WT at baseline (30/40, 75%), of which 6/30 (20%) acquired new mutations after chemotherapy. Pre-treatment mutations were predominantly in PIK3CA (8/10, 80%), while post-treatment mutations were distributed in PIK3CA, EGFR, PDGFRA, ABL1 and MET. All 6 WT→MT cases were treated with docetaxel. Higher mutant allele frequency in baseline MT tumors (n = 10; PIK3CA mutations n = 8) correlated with less tumor reduction after cycle 1 chemotherapy (R = -0.667, p = 0.035). No other associations were observed between mutation pattern category with treatment, clinicopathological features, and tumor response or survival. CONCLUSION Tumor mutational profiles can change as quickly as after one cycle of chemotherapy in breast cancer. Understanding of these changes can provide insights on potential therapeutic options in residual resistant tumors. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00212082.
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Cremolini C, Loupakis F, Antoniotti C, Lupi C, Sensi E, Lonardi S, Mezi S, Tomasello G, Ronzoni M, Zaniboni A, Tonini G, Carlomagno C, Allegrini G, Chiara S, D'Amico M, Granetto C, Cazzaniga M, Boni L, Fontanini G, Falcone A. FOLFOXIRI plus bevacizumab versus FOLFIRI plus bevacizumab as first-line treatment of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer: updated overall survival and molecular subgroup analyses of the open-label, phase 3 TRIBE study. Lancet Oncol 2015; 16:1306-15. [PMID: 26338525 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(15)00122-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 716] [Impact Index Per Article: 79.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2015] [Revised: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the TRIBE study, FOLFOXIRI (fluorouracil, leucovorin, oxaliplatin, and irinotecan) plus bevacizumab significantly improved progression-free survival of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer compared with FOLFIRI (fluorouracil, leucovorin, and irinotecan) plus bevacizumab. In this updated analysis, we aimed to provide mature results for overall survival-a secondary endpoint-and report treatment efficacy in RAS and BRAF molecular subgroups. METHODS TRIBE was an open-label, multicentre, phase 3 randomised study of patients (aged 18-70 years with Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group [ECOG] performance status of 2 or less and aged 71-75 years with an ECOG performance status of 0) with unresectable metastatic colorectal cancer who were recruited from 34 Italian oncology units. Patients were randomly assigned (1:1) via a web-based procedure to receive FOLFIRI plus bevacizumab or FOLFOXIRI plus bevacizumab. Bevacizumab was given as a 5 mg/kg intravenous dose. FOLFIRI consisted of a 180 mg/m(2) intravenous infusion of irinotecan for 60 min followed by a 200 mg/m(2) intravenous infusion of leucovorin for 120 min, a 400 mg/m(2) intravenous bolus of fluorouracil, and a 2400 mg/m(2) continuous infusion of fluorouracil for 46 h. FOLFOXIRI consisted of a 165 mg/m(2) intravenous infusion of irinotecan for 60 min, followed by an 85 mg/m(2) intravenous infusion of oxaliplatin given concurrently with 200 mg/m(2) leucovorin for 120 min, followed by a 3200 mg/m(2) continuous infusion of fluorouracil for 48 h. Tissue samples for RAS and BRAF mutational status analyses were centrally collected. In this updated analysis, we assessed the secondary endpoint of overall survival in the main cohort and treatment efficacy in RAS and BRAF molecular subgroups. All analyses were by intention to treat. TRIBE was concluded on Nov 30, 2014. The trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00719797. FINDINGS Between July 17, 2008, and May 31, 2011, 508 patients were randomly assigned. At a median follow-up of 48·1 months (IQR 41·7-55·6), median overall survival was 29·8 months (95% CI 26·0-34·3) in the FOLFOXIRI plus bevacizumab group compared with 25·8 months (22·5-29·1) in the FOLFIRI plus bevacizumab group (hazard ratio [HR] 0·80, 95% CI 0·65-0·98; p=0·03). Median overall survival was 37·1 months (95% CI 29·7-42·7) in the RAS and BRAF wild-type subgroup compared with 25·6 months (22·4-28·6) in the RAS-mutation-positive subgroup (HR 1·49, 95% CI 1·11-1·99) and 13·4 months (8·2-24·1) in the BRAF-mutation-positive subgroup (HR 2·79, 95% CI 1·75-4·46; likelihood-ratio test p<0·0001). Treatment effect was not significantly different across molecular subgroups (pinteraction=0·52). INTERPRETATION FOLFOXIRI plus bevacizumab is a feasible treatment option for those patients who meet the inclusion criteria of the present study, irrespective of baseline clinical characteristics and RAS or BRAF mutational status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Cremolini
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Fotios Loupakis
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Carlotta Antoniotti
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Cristiana Lupi
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Medical, Molecular, and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Elisa Sensi
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Medical, Molecular, and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Sara Lonardi
- Medical Oncology 1, Oncology Institute IRCCS Veneto, Padua, Italy
| | - Silvia Mezi
- Day Hospital of Oncology, Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Tomasello
- Division of Medicine and Medical Oncology, Hospital of Cremona, Cremona, Italy
| | - Monica Ronzoni
- Department of Oncology, Hospital San Raffaele IRCSS, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Zaniboni
- Department of Medical Oncology, Poliambulanza Foundation, Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Chiara Carlomagno
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Hospital Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Silvana Chiara
- Medical Oncology 2, IRCCS University Hospital San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Mauro D'Amico
- Unit of Medical Oncology, Galliera Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | - Cristina Granetto
- Unit of Medical Oncology, Medical Centre Hospital Santa Croce and Carle, Cuneo, Italy
| | | | - Luca Boni
- Clinical Trials Coordinating Center, Toscano Cancer Institute, University Hospital Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Gabriella Fontanini
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Medical, Molecular, and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alfredo Falcone
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
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Emelyanova MA, Amossenko FA, Semyanikhina AV, Aliev VA, Barsukov YA, Lyubchenko LN, Nasedkina TV. Biochip detection of KRAS, BRAF, and PIK3CA somatic mutations in colorectal cancer patients. Mol Biol 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893315040032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Roemen GM, zur Hausen A, Speel EJM. Adequate tissue for adequate diagnosis: what do we really need? Lung Cancer 2015. [DOI: 10.1183/2312508x.10010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Kriegsmann M, Arens N, Endris V, Weichert W, Kriegsmann J. Detection of KRAS, NRAS and BRAF by mass spectrometry - a sensitive, reliable, fast and cost-effective technique. Diagn Pathol 2015; 10:132. [PMID: 26220423 PMCID: PMC4518505 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-015-0364-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND According to current clinical guidelines mutational analysis for KRAS and NRAS is recommended prior to EGFR-directed therapy of colorectal cancer (CRC) in the metastatic setting. Therefore, reliable, fast, sensitive and cost-effective methods for routine tissue based molecular diagnostics are required that allow the assessment of the CRC mutational status in a high throughput fashion. METHODS We have developed a custom designed assay for routine mass-spectrometric (MS) (MassARRAY, Agena Bioscience) analysis to test the presence/absence of 18 KRAS, 14 NRAS and 4 BRAF mutations. We have applied this assay to 93 samples from patients with CRC and have compared the results with Sanger sequencing and a chip hybridization assay (KRAS LCD-array Kit, Chipron). In cases with discordant results, next-generation sequencing (NGS) was performed. RESULTS MS detected a KRAS mutation in 46/93 (49%), a NRAS mutation in 2/93 (2%) and a BRAF mutation in 1/93 (1%) of the cases. MS results were in agreement with results obtained by combination of the two other methods in 92 (99%) of 93 cases. In 1/93 (1%) of the cases a G12V mutation has been detected by Sanger sequencing and MS, but not by the chip assay. In this case, NGS has confirmed the G12V mutation in KRAS. CONCLUSIONS Mutational analysis by MS is a reliable method for routine diagnostic use, which can be easily extended for testing of additional mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Kriegsmann
- Institute of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, INF 224, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | | | - Volker Endris
- Institute of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, INF 224, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Wilko Weichert
- Institute of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, INF 224, Heidelberg, Germany.
- National Center of Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg, Germany.
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Jörg Kriegsmann
- Institute of Molecular Pathology, Trier, Germany.
- MVZ for Histology, Cytology and Molecular Diagnostics, Trier, Germany.
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Precise Classification of Cervical Carcinomas Combined with Somatic Mutation Profiling Contributes to Predicting Disease Outcome. PLoS One 2015. [PMID: 26197069 PMCID: PMC4510875 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), adenocarcinoma (AC), and adenosquamous carcinoma (ASC) are the most common histological subtypes of cervical cancer. Differences in the somatic mutation profiles of these subtypes have been suggested. We investigated the prevalence of somatic hot-spot mutations in three well-defined cohorts of SCC, AC, and ASC and determined the additional value of mutation profiling in predicting disease outcome relative to well-established prognostic parameters. Materials and Methods Clinicopathological data were collected for 301 cervical tumors classified as SCC (n=166), AC (n=55), or ASC (n=80). Mass spectrometry was used to analyze 171 somatic hot-spot mutations in 13 relevant genes. Results In 103 (34%) tumors, 123 mutations were detected (36% in SCC, 38% in AC, and 28% in ASC), mostly in PIK3CA (20%) and KRAS (7%). PIK3CA mutations occurred more frequently in SCC than AC (25% vs. 11%, P=0.025), whereas KRAS mutations occurred more frequently in AC than SCC (24% vs. 3%, P<0.001) and ASC (24% vs. 3%, P<0.001). A positive mutation status correlated with worse disease-free survival (HR 1.57, P=0.043). In multivariate analysis, tumor diameter, parametrial infiltration, and lymph node metastasis, but not the presence of a somatic mutation, were independent predictors of survival. Conclusion Potentially targetable somatic mutations occurred in 34% of cervical tumors with different distributions among histological subtypes. Precise classification of cervical carcinomas in combination with mutation profiling is valuable for predicting disease outcome and may guide the development and selection of tumor-specific treatment approaches.
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Choi EK, Kim D, Divatia M, Takei H. Molecular alterations of appendiceal serrated lesions. Hum Pathol 2015; 46:1062-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2015.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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da Cunha Santos G, Saieg MA, Ko HM, Geddie WR, Boerner SL, Craddock KJ, Crump M, Bailey D. Multiplex sequencing forEZH2,CD79B, andMYD88mutations using archival cytospin preparations from B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma aspirates previously tested forMYCrearrangement andIGH/BCL2translocation. Cancer Cytopathol 2015; 123:413-20. [DOI: 10.1002/cncy.21535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Revised: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gilda da Cunha Santos
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology; University of Toronto; Ontario Canada
- Laboratory Medicine Program; University Health Network; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Mauro Ajaj Saieg
- Department of Pathology; Santa Casa Medical School; Sao Paulo Brazil
- Fleury Laboratories; Sao Paulo Brazil
| | - Hyang Mi Ko
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology; University of Toronto; Ontario Canada
- Laboratory Medicine Program; University Health Network; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - William R. Geddie
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology; University of Toronto; Ontario Canada
- Laboratory Medicine Program; University Health Network; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Scott L. Boerner
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology; University of Toronto; Ontario Canada
- Laboratory Medicine Program; University Health Network; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Kenneth J. Craddock
- Laboratory Medicine Program; University Health Network; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Michael Crump
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology; University Health Network; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Denis Bailey
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology; University of Toronto; Ontario Canada
- Laboratory Medicine Program; University Health Network; Toronto Ontario Canada
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Tsai YC, Hsiao WH, Lin SH, Yang HB, Cheng HC, Chang WL, Lu CC, Sheu BS. Genomic single nucleotide polymorphisms in the offspring of gastric cancer patients predispose to spasmolytic polypeptide-expressing metaplasia after H. pylori infection. J Biomed Sci 2015; 22:16. [PMID: 25884934 PMCID: PMC4340867 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-015-0121-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gastric cancer exhibits familial clustering, and gastric cancer familial relatives (GCF) tend to present with corpus-predominant gastritis and precancerous lesions as SPEM or IM after H. pylori infection. The study determined whether the children of gastric cancer patients (GCA) had genomic single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) predisposed to the gastric precancerous lesions as spasmolytic polypeptide-expressing metaplasia (SPEM) or intestinal metaplasia (IM). Results There were 389 family relatives of 193 non-cardiac GCA and 173 duodenal ulcer patients (DU), received blood sampling for DNA collection. The differences of the risk alleles of SNPs in the ITGA5, ITGB1, IL-10, COX-2, RUNX3, and TFF2 genes were compared between 195 children of GCA and 143 DU. The children of GCA had higher allele frequencies of ITGA5-1160 T-carrier (P = 0.006, OR[95% CI] = 2.2[1.2-4]), ITGB1-1949 A-carrier (P = 0.047; OR[95% CI] = 2.8[1.4-5.3]), ITGB1 + 31804 C-carrier (P = 0.013; OR[95% CI] = 4.7[1.7-13.0]), IL-10-592 AA (P = 0.014; OR[95% CI] = 2.3[1.4-4.0]) and COX-2-1195 G-carrier (P = 0.019; OR[95% CI] = 1.7[0.9-3.2]) than DU. The combined genotype with ITGA5-1160/ITGB1-1949/ITGB1 + 31804 as T/A/C carriers and COX-2-1195/IL-10-592 as G-carrier/AA was more prevalent in the children of GCA than in DU (P < 1×10−4), and predisposed with a 5.3-fold risk of getting SPEM in the H. pylori-infected children of GCA (P = 0.016). Such risk of getting SPEM increased to 112 folds, if combined with RUNX3 + 492/TFF2-308 as A-carrier/CC in this limited study scale (P = 1×10−4). Conclusions The SNPs of ITGA5-1160/ITGB1-1949/ ITGB1 + 31804 as T/A/C carriers and COX-2-1195/IL-10-592 as G-carrier/AA, or more specific to combine RUNX3 + 492/TFF2-308 as A-carrier/CC shall be host factor predisposing to gastric cancer during H. pylori infection, and serve as marker to identify high-risk subjects for H. pylori eradication. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12929-015-0121-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ching Tsai
- Departments of Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan. .,Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, 138 Sheng Li Road, Tainan, 70428, Taiwan. .,Department of Internal Medicine, Tainan Hospital, Department of Health, Executive Yuan, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Wei-Hsin Hsiao
- Departments of Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Sheng-Hsiang Lin
- Departments of Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Hsiao-Bai Yang
- Departments of Pathology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan. .,Department of Pathology, Ton-Yen General Hospital, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan.
| | - Hsiu-Chi Cheng
- Departments of Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan. .,Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, 138 Sheng Li Road, Tainan, 70428, Taiwan.
| | - Wei-Lun Chang
- Departments of Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan. .,Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, 138 Sheng Li Road, Tainan, 70428, Taiwan.
| | - Cheng-Chan Lu
- Departments of Pathology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Bor-Shyang Sheu
- Departments of Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan. .,Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, 138 Sheng Li Road, Tainan, 70428, Taiwan.
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Pogue-Geile KL, Song N, Jeong JH, Gavin PG, Kim SR, Blackmon NL, Finnigan M, Rastogi P, Fehrenbacher L, Mamounas EP, Swain SM, Wickerham DL, Geyer CE, Costantino JP, Wolmark N, Paik S. Intrinsic subtypes, PIK3CA mutation, and the degree of benefit from adjuvant trastuzumab in the NSABP B-31 trial. J Clin Oncol 2015; 33:1340-7. [PMID: 25559813 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2014.56.2439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Considerable molecular heterogeneity exists among human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) -positive breast cancer regarding gene expression and mutation profiling. Evidence from preclinical, clinical neoadjuvant, and metastatic clinical trials suggested that PIK3CA mutational status and PAM50 intrinsic subtype of a tumor were markers of response to anti-HER2 therapies. We evaluated the predictive value of these two biomarkers in the adjuvant setting using archived tumor blocks from National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP) trial B-31. PATIENTS AND METHODS Expression data for 49 genes using the nCounter platform were used to generate PAM50 intrinsic subtypes for 1,578 archived tumor blocks from patients in the B-31 trial. Six PIK3CA hotspot mutations were examined by mass spectrometry of the primer extension products in a randomly selected subset (n = 671). We examined the heterogeneity of trastuzumab treatment effect across different subsets defined by each marker using Cox regression and disease-free survival as the end point. RESULTS Seven hundred forty-one (47.0%) of 1,578 tumors were classified as HER2-enriched (HER2E) subtype, and 166 (24.7%) of 671 tumors had PIK3CA mutations. Hazard ratios (HRs) for trastuzumab in HER2E and other subtypes were 0.44 (95% CI, 0.34 to 0.58; P < .001) and 0.47 (95% CI, 0.35 to 0.62; P < .001), respectively (interaction P = .67). HRs for trastuzumab in PIK3CA wild-type and mutated tumors were 0.51 (95% CI, 0.37 to 0.71; P < .001) and 0.44 (95% CI, 0.24 to 0.82; P = .009), respectively (interaction P = .64). CONCLUSION Unlike results seen in the metastatic and neoadjuvant clinical trials, PIK3CA and PAM50 intrinsic subtypes were not predictive biomarkers for adjuvant trastuzumab in NSABP B-31. These data suggest that results from the metastatic and neoadjuvant setting may not be always applicable to the adjuvant setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine L Pogue-Geile
- Katherine L. Pogue-Geile, Nan Song, Patrick G. Gavin, Seong-Rim Kim, Nicole L. Blackmon, Melanie Finnigan, Priya Rastogi, Louis Fehrenbacher, Eleftherios P. Mamounas, Sandra M. Swain, D. Lawrence Wickerham, Charles E. Geyer Jr, Norman Wolmark, and Soonmyung Paik, National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (now part of NRG Oncology); Jong-Hyeon Jeong and Joseph P. Costantino, NRG Oncology Statistics and Data Management Center; Jong-Hyeon Jeong and Joseph P. Costantino, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh; Priya Rastogi, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute; D. Lawrence Wickerham and Norman Wolmark, Allegheny Cancer Center, Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA; Louis Fehrenbacher, Kaiser-Permanente, Northern California, Vallejo, CA; Eleftherios P. Mamounas, UF Health Cancer Center, Orlando Health, Orlando, FL; Sandra M. Swain, Washington Cancer Institute, Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC; Charles E. Geyer Jr, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine and Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, VA; and Soonmyung Paik, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Nan Song
- Katherine L. Pogue-Geile, Nan Song, Patrick G. Gavin, Seong-Rim Kim, Nicole L. Blackmon, Melanie Finnigan, Priya Rastogi, Louis Fehrenbacher, Eleftherios P. Mamounas, Sandra M. Swain, D. Lawrence Wickerham, Charles E. Geyer Jr, Norman Wolmark, and Soonmyung Paik, National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (now part of NRG Oncology); Jong-Hyeon Jeong and Joseph P. Costantino, NRG Oncology Statistics and Data Management Center; Jong-Hyeon Jeong and Joseph P. Costantino, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh; Priya Rastogi, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute; D. Lawrence Wickerham and Norman Wolmark, Allegheny Cancer Center, Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA; Louis Fehrenbacher, Kaiser-Permanente, Northern California, Vallejo, CA; Eleftherios P. Mamounas, UF Health Cancer Center, Orlando Health, Orlando, FL; Sandra M. Swain, Washington Cancer Institute, Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC; Charles E. Geyer Jr, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine and Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, VA; and Soonmyung Paik, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong-Hyeon Jeong
- Katherine L. Pogue-Geile, Nan Song, Patrick G. Gavin, Seong-Rim Kim, Nicole L. Blackmon, Melanie Finnigan, Priya Rastogi, Louis Fehrenbacher, Eleftherios P. Mamounas, Sandra M. Swain, D. Lawrence Wickerham, Charles E. Geyer Jr, Norman Wolmark, and Soonmyung Paik, National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (now part of NRG Oncology); Jong-Hyeon Jeong and Joseph P. Costantino, NRG Oncology Statistics and Data Management Center; Jong-Hyeon Jeong and Joseph P. Costantino, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh; Priya Rastogi, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute; D. Lawrence Wickerham and Norman Wolmark, Allegheny Cancer Center, Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA; Louis Fehrenbacher, Kaiser-Permanente, Northern California, Vallejo, CA; Eleftherios P. Mamounas, UF Health Cancer Center, Orlando Health, Orlando, FL; Sandra M. Swain, Washington Cancer Institute, Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC; Charles E. Geyer Jr, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine and Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, VA; and Soonmyung Paik, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Patrick G Gavin
- Katherine L. Pogue-Geile, Nan Song, Patrick G. Gavin, Seong-Rim Kim, Nicole L. Blackmon, Melanie Finnigan, Priya Rastogi, Louis Fehrenbacher, Eleftherios P. Mamounas, Sandra M. Swain, D. Lawrence Wickerham, Charles E. Geyer Jr, Norman Wolmark, and Soonmyung Paik, National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (now part of NRG Oncology); Jong-Hyeon Jeong and Joseph P. Costantino, NRG Oncology Statistics and Data Management Center; Jong-Hyeon Jeong and Joseph P. Costantino, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh; Priya Rastogi, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute; D. Lawrence Wickerham and Norman Wolmark, Allegheny Cancer Center, Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA; Louis Fehrenbacher, Kaiser-Permanente, Northern California, Vallejo, CA; Eleftherios P. Mamounas, UF Health Cancer Center, Orlando Health, Orlando, FL; Sandra M. Swain, Washington Cancer Institute, Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC; Charles E. Geyer Jr, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine and Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, VA; and Soonmyung Paik, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seong-Rim Kim
- Katherine L. Pogue-Geile, Nan Song, Patrick G. Gavin, Seong-Rim Kim, Nicole L. Blackmon, Melanie Finnigan, Priya Rastogi, Louis Fehrenbacher, Eleftherios P. Mamounas, Sandra M. Swain, D. Lawrence Wickerham, Charles E. Geyer Jr, Norman Wolmark, and Soonmyung Paik, National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (now part of NRG Oncology); Jong-Hyeon Jeong and Joseph P. Costantino, NRG Oncology Statistics and Data Management Center; Jong-Hyeon Jeong and Joseph P. Costantino, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh; Priya Rastogi, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute; D. Lawrence Wickerham and Norman Wolmark, Allegheny Cancer Center, Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA; Louis Fehrenbacher, Kaiser-Permanente, Northern California, Vallejo, CA; Eleftherios P. Mamounas, UF Health Cancer Center, Orlando Health, Orlando, FL; Sandra M. Swain, Washington Cancer Institute, Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC; Charles E. Geyer Jr, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine and Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, VA; and Soonmyung Paik, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Nicole L Blackmon
- Katherine L. Pogue-Geile, Nan Song, Patrick G. Gavin, Seong-Rim Kim, Nicole L. Blackmon, Melanie Finnigan, Priya Rastogi, Louis Fehrenbacher, Eleftherios P. Mamounas, Sandra M. Swain, D. Lawrence Wickerham, Charles E. Geyer Jr, Norman Wolmark, and Soonmyung Paik, National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (now part of NRG Oncology); Jong-Hyeon Jeong and Joseph P. Costantino, NRG Oncology Statistics and Data Management Center; Jong-Hyeon Jeong and Joseph P. Costantino, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh; Priya Rastogi, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute; D. Lawrence Wickerham and Norman Wolmark, Allegheny Cancer Center, Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA; Louis Fehrenbacher, Kaiser-Permanente, Northern California, Vallejo, CA; Eleftherios P. Mamounas, UF Health Cancer Center, Orlando Health, Orlando, FL; Sandra M. Swain, Washington Cancer Institute, Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC; Charles E. Geyer Jr, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine and Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, VA; and Soonmyung Paik, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Melanie Finnigan
- Katherine L. Pogue-Geile, Nan Song, Patrick G. Gavin, Seong-Rim Kim, Nicole L. Blackmon, Melanie Finnigan, Priya Rastogi, Louis Fehrenbacher, Eleftherios P. Mamounas, Sandra M. Swain, D. Lawrence Wickerham, Charles E. Geyer Jr, Norman Wolmark, and Soonmyung Paik, National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (now part of NRG Oncology); Jong-Hyeon Jeong and Joseph P. Costantino, NRG Oncology Statistics and Data Management Center; Jong-Hyeon Jeong and Joseph P. Costantino, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh; Priya Rastogi, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute; D. Lawrence Wickerham and Norman Wolmark, Allegheny Cancer Center, Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA; Louis Fehrenbacher, Kaiser-Permanente, Northern California, Vallejo, CA; Eleftherios P. Mamounas, UF Health Cancer Center, Orlando Health, Orlando, FL; Sandra M. Swain, Washington Cancer Institute, Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC; Charles E. Geyer Jr, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine and Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, VA; and Soonmyung Paik, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Priya Rastogi
- Katherine L. Pogue-Geile, Nan Song, Patrick G. Gavin, Seong-Rim Kim, Nicole L. Blackmon, Melanie Finnigan, Priya Rastogi, Louis Fehrenbacher, Eleftherios P. Mamounas, Sandra M. Swain, D. Lawrence Wickerham, Charles E. Geyer Jr, Norman Wolmark, and Soonmyung Paik, National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (now part of NRG Oncology); Jong-Hyeon Jeong and Joseph P. Costantino, NRG Oncology Statistics and Data Management Center; Jong-Hyeon Jeong and Joseph P. Costantino, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh; Priya Rastogi, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute; D. Lawrence Wickerham and Norman Wolmark, Allegheny Cancer Center, Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA; Louis Fehrenbacher, Kaiser-Permanente, Northern California, Vallejo, CA; Eleftherios P. Mamounas, UF Health Cancer Center, Orlando Health, Orlando, FL; Sandra M. Swain, Washington Cancer Institute, Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC; Charles E. Geyer Jr, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine and Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, VA; and Soonmyung Paik, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Louis Fehrenbacher
- Katherine L. Pogue-Geile, Nan Song, Patrick G. Gavin, Seong-Rim Kim, Nicole L. Blackmon, Melanie Finnigan, Priya Rastogi, Louis Fehrenbacher, Eleftherios P. Mamounas, Sandra M. Swain, D. Lawrence Wickerham, Charles E. Geyer Jr, Norman Wolmark, and Soonmyung Paik, National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (now part of NRG Oncology); Jong-Hyeon Jeong and Joseph P. Costantino, NRG Oncology Statistics and Data Management Center; Jong-Hyeon Jeong and Joseph P. Costantino, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh; Priya Rastogi, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute; D. Lawrence Wickerham and Norman Wolmark, Allegheny Cancer Center, Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA; Louis Fehrenbacher, Kaiser-Permanente, Northern California, Vallejo, CA; Eleftherios P. Mamounas, UF Health Cancer Center, Orlando Health, Orlando, FL; Sandra M. Swain, Washington Cancer Institute, Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC; Charles E. Geyer Jr, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine and Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, VA; and Soonmyung Paik, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eleftherios P Mamounas
- Katherine L. Pogue-Geile, Nan Song, Patrick G. Gavin, Seong-Rim Kim, Nicole L. Blackmon, Melanie Finnigan, Priya Rastogi, Louis Fehrenbacher, Eleftherios P. Mamounas, Sandra M. Swain, D. Lawrence Wickerham, Charles E. Geyer Jr, Norman Wolmark, and Soonmyung Paik, National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (now part of NRG Oncology); Jong-Hyeon Jeong and Joseph P. Costantino, NRG Oncology Statistics and Data Management Center; Jong-Hyeon Jeong and Joseph P. Costantino, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh; Priya Rastogi, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute; D. Lawrence Wickerham and Norman Wolmark, Allegheny Cancer Center, Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA; Louis Fehrenbacher, Kaiser-Permanente, Northern California, Vallejo, CA; Eleftherios P. Mamounas, UF Health Cancer Center, Orlando Health, Orlando, FL; Sandra M. Swain, Washington Cancer Institute, Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC; Charles E. Geyer Jr, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine and Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, VA; and Soonmyung Paik, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sandra M Swain
- Katherine L. Pogue-Geile, Nan Song, Patrick G. Gavin, Seong-Rim Kim, Nicole L. Blackmon, Melanie Finnigan, Priya Rastogi, Louis Fehrenbacher, Eleftherios P. Mamounas, Sandra M. Swain, D. Lawrence Wickerham, Charles E. Geyer Jr, Norman Wolmark, and Soonmyung Paik, National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (now part of NRG Oncology); Jong-Hyeon Jeong and Joseph P. Costantino, NRG Oncology Statistics and Data Management Center; Jong-Hyeon Jeong and Joseph P. Costantino, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh; Priya Rastogi, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute; D. Lawrence Wickerham and Norman Wolmark, Allegheny Cancer Center, Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA; Louis Fehrenbacher, Kaiser-Permanente, Northern California, Vallejo, CA; Eleftherios P. Mamounas, UF Health Cancer Center, Orlando Health, Orlando, FL; Sandra M. Swain, Washington Cancer Institute, Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC; Charles E. Geyer Jr, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine and Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, VA; and Soonmyung Paik, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - D Lawrence Wickerham
- Katherine L. Pogue-Geile, Nan Song, Patrick G. Gavin, Seong-Rim Kim, Nicole L. Blackmon, Melanie Finnigan, Priya Rastogi, Louis Fehrenbacher, Eleftherios P. Mamounas, Sandra M. Swain, D. Lawrence Wickerham, Charles E. Geyer Jr, Norman Wolmark, and Soonmyung Paik, National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (now part of NRG Oncology); Jong-Hyeon Jeong and Joseph P. Costantino, NRG Oncology Statistics and Data Management Center; Jong-Hyeon Jeong and Joseph P. Costantino, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh; Priya Rastogi, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute; D. Lawrence Wickerham and Norman Wolmark, Allegheny Cancer Center, Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA; Louis Fehrenbacher, Kaiser-Permanente, Northern California, Vallejo, CA; Eleftherios P. Mamounas, UF Health Cancer Center, Orlando Health, Orlando, FL; Sandra M. Swain, Washington Cancer Institute, Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC; Charles E. Geyer Jr, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine and Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, VA; and Soonmyung Paik, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Charles E Geyer
- Katherine L. Pogue-Geile, Nan Song, Patrick G. Gavin, Seong-Rim Kim, Nicole L. Blackmon, Melanie Finnigan, Priya Rastogi, Louis Fehrenbacher, Eleftherios P. Mamounas, Sandra M. Swain, D. Lawrence Wickerham, Charles E. Geyer Jr, Norman Wolmark, and Soonmyung Paik, National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (now part of NRG Oncology); Jong-Hyeon Jeong and Joseph P. Costantino, NRG Oncology Statistics and Data Management Center; Jong-Hyeon Jeong and Joseph P. Costantino, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh; Priya Rastogi, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute; D. Lawrence Wickerham and Norman Wolmark, Allegheny Cancer Center, Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA; Louis Fehrenbacher, Kaiser-Permanente, Northern California, Vallejo, CA; Eleftherios P. Mamounas, UF Health Cancer Center, Orlando Health, Orlando, FL; Sandra M. Swain, Washington Cancer Institute, Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC; Charles E. Geyer Jr, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine and Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, VA; and Soonmyung Paik, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joseph P Costantino
- Katherine L. Pogue-Geile, Nan Song, Patrick G. Gavin, Seong-Rim Kim, Nicole L. Blackmon, Melanie Finnigan, Priya Rastogi, Louis Fehrenbacher, Eleftherios P. Mamounas, Sandra M. Swain, D. Lawrence Wickerham, Charles E. Geyer Jr, Norman Wolmark, and Soonmyung Paik, National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (now part of NRG Oncology); Jong-Hyeon Jeong and Joseph P. Costantino, NRG Oncology Statistics and Data Management Center; Jong-Hyeon Jeong and Joseph P. Costantino, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh; Priya Rastogi, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute; D. Lawrence Wickerham and Norman Wolmark, Allegheny Cancer Center, Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA; Louis Fehrenbacher, Kaiser-Permanente, Northern California, Vallejo, CA; Eleftherios P. Mamounas, UF Health Cancer Center, Orlando Health, Orlando, FL; Sandra M. Swain, Washington Cancer Institute, Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC; Charles E. Geyer Jr, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine and Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, VA; and Soonmyung Paik, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Norman Wolmark
- Katherine L. Pogue-Geile, Nan Song, Patrick G. Gavin, Seong-Rim Kim, Nicole L. Blackmon, Melanie Finnigan, Priya Rastogi, Louis Fehrenbacher, Eleftherios P. Mamounas, Sandra M. Swain, D. Lawrence Wickerham, Charles E. Geyer Jr, Norman Wolmark, and Soonmyung Paik, National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (now part of NRG Oncology); Jong-Hyeon Jeong and Joseph P. Costantino, NRG Oncology Statistics and Data Management Center; Jong-Hyeon Jeong and Joseph P. Costantino, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh; Priya Rastogi, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute; D. Lawrence Wickerham and Norman Wolmark, Allegheny Cancer Center, Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA; Louis Fehrenbacher, Kaiser-Permanente, Northern California, Vallejo, CA; Eleftherios P. Mamounas, UF Health Cancer Center, Orlando Health, Orlando, FL; Sandra M. Swain, Washington Cancer Institute, Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC; Charles E. Geyer Jr, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine and Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, VA; and Soonmyung Paik, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soonmyung Paik
- Katherine L. Pogue-Geile, Nan Song, Patrick G. Gavin, Seong-Rim Kim, Nicole L. Blackmon, Melanie Finnigan, Priya Rastogi, Louis Fehrenbacher, Eleftherios P. Mamounas, Sandra M. Swain, D. Lawrence Wickerham, Charles E. Geyer Jr, Norman Wolmark, and Soonmyung Paik, National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (now part of NRG Oncology); Jong-Hyeon Jeong and Joseph P. Costantino, NRG Oncology Statistics and Data Management Center; Jong-Hyeon Jeong and Joseph P. Costantino, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh; Priya Rastogi, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute; D. Lawrence Wickerham and Norman Wolmark, Allegheny Cancer Center, Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA; Louis Fehrenbacher, Kaiser-Permanente, Northern California, Vallejo, CA; Eleftherios P. Mamounas, UF Health Cancer Center, Orlando Health, Orlando, FL; Sandra M. Swain, Washington Cancer Institute, Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC; Charles E. Geyer Jr, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine and Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, VA; and Soonmyung Paik, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Meyer S, Trost N, Frey BM, Gassner C. Parallel donor genotyping for 46 selected blood group and 4 human platelet antigens using high-throughput MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Methods Mol Biol 2015; 1310:51-70. [PMID: 26024625 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2690-9_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Most blood group antigens are defined by single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Highly accurate MALDI-TOF MS has proven its potential in SNP genotyping and was therefore chosen for blood donor oriented genotyping with high-throughput capability, e.g., 380 samples per day. The Select Module covers a total of 36 SNPs in two single-tube reactions, representative of 46 blood group and 4 human platelet antigens. Using this tool, confirmatory blood group typing for RhD, RhCE, Kell, Kidd, Duffy, MN, Ss, and selected rare antigens is performed on a routine basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Meyer
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Research (MOC), Swiss Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service Zurich, Rütistrasse 19, 8952, Schlieren, Switzerland
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49
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Danielsen SA, Eide PW, Nesbakken A, Guren T, Leithe E, Lothe RA. Portrait of the PI3K/AKT pathway in colorectal cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2014; 1855:104-21. [PMID: 25450577 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2014.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PI3K/AKT signaling leads to reduced apoptosis, stimulates cell growth and increases proliferation. Under normal conditions, PI3K/AKT activation is tightly controlled and dependent on both extracellular growth signals and the availability of amino acids and glucose. Genetic aberrations leading to PI3K/AKT hyper-activation are observed at considerable frequency in all major nodes in most tumors. In colorectal cancer the most commonly observed pathway changes are IGF2 overexpression, PIK3CA mutations and PTEN mutations and deletions. Combined, these alterations are found in about 40% of large bowel tumors. In addition, but not mutually exclusive to these, KRAS mutations are observed at a similar frequency. There are however additional, less frequent and more poorly understood events that may also push the PI3K/AKT pathway into overdrive and thus promote malignant growth. Here we discuss aberrations of components at the genetic, epigenetic, transcriptional, post-transcriptional, translational and post-translational level where perturbations may drive excessive PI3K/AKT signaling. Integrating multiple molecular levels will advance our understanding of this cancer critical circuit and more importantly, improve our ability to pharmacologically target the pathway in view of clonal development, tumor heterogeneity and drug resistance mechanisms. In this review, we revisit the PI3K/AKT pathway cancer susceptibility syndromes, summarize the known aberrations at the different regulatory levels and the prognostic and predictive values of these alterations in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stine Aske Danielsen
- Department of Cancer Prevention, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Colorectal Cancer Research Centre, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Peter Wold Eide
- Department of Cancer Prevention, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Colorectal Cancer Research Centre, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Arild Nesbakken
- K.G. Jebsen Colorectal Cancer Research Centre, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tormod Guren
- K.G. Jebsen Colorectal Cancer Research Centre, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Edward Leithe
- Department of Cancer Prevention, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Colorectal Cancer Research Centre, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ragnhild A Lothe
- Department of Cancer Prevention, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Colorectal Cancer Research Centre, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
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50
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Tan DSW, Wang W, Leong HS, Sew PH, Lau DP, Chong FT, Krisna SS, Lim TKH, Iyer NG. Tongue carcinoma infrequently harbor common actionable genetic alterations. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:679. [PMID: 25234657 PMCID: PMC4177593 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral tongue squamous cell carcinomas (TSCC) are a unique subset of head and neck cancers with a distinct demographic profile, where up to half of the cases are never smokers. A small proportion of patients with OSCC are known to respond to EGFR TKI. We used a high-sensitivity mass spectrometry-based mutation profiling platform to determine the EGFR mutation status, as well as other actionable alterations in a series of Asian TSCC. METHODS 66 TSCC patients treated between 1998-2009 with complete clinico-pathologic data were included in this study. Somatic mutation profiling was performed using Sequenom LungCarta v1.0, and correlated with clinical parameters. RESULTS Mutations were identified in 20/66(30.3%) of samples and involved TP53, STK11, MET, PIK3CA, BRAF and NRF2. No activating EGFR mutations or KRAS mutations were discovered in our series, where just over a third were never smokers. The most common mutations were in p53 (10.6%; n = 7) and MET (10.6%, n = 11) followed by STK11 (9.1%, n = 6) and PIK3CA (4.5%, n = 3). BRAF and NRF2 mutations, which are novel in TSCC, were demonstrated in one sample each. There was no significant correlation between overall mutation status and smoking history (p = 0.967) or age (p = 0.360). Positive MET alteration was associated with poorer loco-regional recurrence free survival (LRFS) of 11 months [vs 90 months in MET-negative group (p = 0.008)]. None of the other mutations were significantly correlated with LRFS or overall survival. Four of these tumors were propagated as immortalized cell lines and demonstrated the same mutations as the original tumor. CONCLUSIONS Using the Sequenom multiplexed LungCarta panel, we identified mutations in 6 genes, TP53, STK11, MET, PIK3CA, BRAF and NRF2, with the notable absence of EGFR and HER2 mutations in our series of Asian OSCC. Primary cell line models recapitulated the mutation profiles of the original primary tumours and provide an invaluable resource for experimental cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel SW Tan
- />Cancer Therapeutics Research Laboratory, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Drive, Singapore, 169610 Singapore
- />Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre, 11 Hospital Drive, Singapore, 169610 Singapore
| | - Weining Wang
- />Department of Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Centre, 11 Hospital Drive, Singapore, 169610 Singapore
| | - Hui Sun Leong
- />Cancer Therapeutics Research Laboratory, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Drive, Singapore, 169610 Singapore
| | - Pui Hoon Sew
- />Cancer Therapeutics Research Laboratory, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Drive, Singapore, 169610 Singapore
| | - Dawn P Lau
- />Cancer Therapeutics Research Laboratory, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Drive, Singapore, 169610 Singapore
| | - Fui Teen Chong
- />Cancer Therapeutics Research Laboratory, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Drive, Singapore, 169610 Singapore
| | - Sai Sakktee Krisna
- />Cancer Therapeutics Research Laboratory, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Drive, Singapore, 169610 Singapore
| | - Tony KH Lim
- />Department of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Outram Road, Singapore, 169610 Singapore
| | - N Gopalakrishna Iyer
- />Cancer Therapeutics Research Laboratory, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Drive, Singapore, 169610 Singapore
- />Department of Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Centre, 11 Hospital Drive, Singapore, 169610 Singapore
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