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Azzi A. Reflections on a century of vitamin E research: Looking at the past with an eye on the future. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 175:155-160. [PMID: 34478835 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The name vitamin E, was given by Barnett and Sure who suggested that the factor proposed by Evans and Bishop as substance "X," be termed vitamin "E" as the next vitamin after the A, B, C and D vitamins had been already described. The identification of vitamin E with a-tocopherol was made in 1936 by Evans' group. One year later β-tocopherol and 11 years later δ-tocopherol were isolated. Tocotrienol (named zetatocopherol) was first described in 1957 and later isolated in 1961. The antioxidant property of tocopherols was reported by Olcott and Emerson in 1937. Inherited vitamin E deficiency, AVED, characterized by a form of neuromyopathy was first described in 1981. The disease, was localized to chromosome 8q and found to be caused by a mutation of the a-TTP gene. The subsequent paragraphs are not a comprehensive review but only critical reflections on some important aspects of vitamin E research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Azzi
- School of Graduate Biomedical Pharmacology and Drug Development Program, Tufts University, Boston, MA, 02116, USA.
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Kawamura K, Kume A, Umemiya-Shirafuji R, Kasai S, Suzuki H. Effect of α-tocopheryloxy acetic acid, a vitamin E derivative mitocan, on the experimental infection of mice with Plasmodium yoelii. Malar J 2021; 20:280. [PMID: 34167535 PMCID: PMC8223275 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-021-03817-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Malaria parasites are known to be vulnerable to oxidative stress. In this study, the effects of the administration of α-tocopheryloxy acetic acid (α-TEA), which is a vitamin E analogue mitocan, on Plasmodium yoelii infection in mice were examined. Methods Alpha-TEA was mixed with diet and fed to C57BL/6J mice before and/or after infection. For parasite infection, 4 × 104 red blood cells infected with P. yoelii (strain 17XL) were inoculated by intraperitoneal injection. In another series of experiment, the effect of the oral administration of α-TEA on P. yoelii 17XL infection in mice was examined. Finally, the combined effect of α-TEA and dihydroartemisinin or chloroquine on P. yoelii 17XL infection was examined. Results When 0.25% α-TEA was mixed with the diet for 7 days before infection and 14 days after infection (in total for 21 days), for 14 days after infection, and for 11 days from the third day after infection, all P. yoelii 17XL-infected mice survived during the observation period. However, all control mice died within 12 days after infection. These results indicated that α-TEA functions effectively even when administered post-infection. The oral administration of α-TEA for P. yoelii 17XL infection was also significant. Although the infected mice in the solvent control died within 10 days after infection, 90% of the mice infected with P. yoelii 17XL survived during the observation period when treated with 10 mg/head/day of α-TEA for 3 days from day 3 after infection. Although the combined effect of α-TEA and dihydroartemisinin (DHA) or chloroquine on P. yoelii 17XL infection was significant, no synergistic or additive effects were observed from the survival curve. Conclusions This study showed the beneficial effects of α-TEA on the experimental infection of mice with P. yoelii 17XL. The stimulatory action of α-TEA on mitochondria and the accompanying reactions, such as reactive oxygen species production, and induction of apoptosis might have some effect on malarial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasumi Kawamura
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Nishi 2-13, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan
| | - Aiko Kume
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Nishi 2-13, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan
| | - Rika Umemiya-Shirafuji
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Nishi 2-13, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan
| | - Shunji Kasai
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Nishi 2-13, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Suzuki
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Nishi 2-13, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan.
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Saady A, Böttner V, Meng M, Varon E, Shav-Tal Y, Ducho C, Fischer B. An oligonucleotide probe incorporating the chromophore of green fluorescent protein is useful for the detection of HER-2 mRNA breast cancer marker. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 173:99-106. [PMID: 30991278 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer can be greatly enhanced and personalized based on the quantitative detection of mRNA markers. Here, we targeted the development of a fluorescent oligonucleotide probe to detect specifically the HER-2 mRNA breast cancer marker. We have selected the chromophore of the Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP), 4-hydroxybenzylidene imidazolinone (HBI), as a fluorophore covalently bound to an oligonucleotide probe and potentially capable of intercalating within a probe-mRNA duplex. We first synthesized the two-ring scaffold of the HBI chromophore 5 and coupled it to 2'-deoxyuridine at C5-position via a 7-atom-spacer, to give 4. Indeed, in the highly viscous glycerol used to mimic the reduced conformational flexibility of the intercalated HBI, chromophore 4 displayed a quantum yield of 0.29 and brightness of 20600 M-1cm-1, while no fluorescent signal was observed in methanol. Next, we synthesized a 20-mer oligonucleotide probe incorporating 4 at position 6 (5'-CCCGTUTCAACAGGAGTTTC-3'), ONHBI, targeting nucleotides 1233-1253 of HER-2 mRNA. A 16-fold enhancement of ONHBI emission intensity upon hybridization with the complementary RNA vs that of the oligonucleotide probe alone indicated the presence of target oligonucleotide and proved the intercalation of the chromophore (quantum yield 0.52; brightness 23500 M-1cm-1). Even more, an 11-fold enhancement of ONHBI emission (quantum yield 0.50; brightness 23200 M-1cm-1) was observed when the probe was mixed with total RNA extract from a human cell line that has high levels of HER2 mRNA expression. Thus, we propose ONHBI as a promising probe potentially useful for the sensitive and specific detection of HER2 mRNA breast cancer marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abed Saady
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900, Israel
| | - Verena Böttner
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Melissa Meng
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Eli Varon
- Faculty of Life Sciences & Institute of Nanotechnology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900, Israel
| | - Yaron Shav-Tal
- Faculty of Life Sciences & Institute of Nanotechnology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900, Israel
| | - Christian Ducho
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Bilha Fischer
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900, Israel.
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Yao J, Gao P, Xu Y, Li Z. α-TEA inhibits the growth and motility of human colon cancer cells via targeting RhoA/ROCK signaling. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:2534-40. [PMID: 27432222 PMCID: PMC4991732 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Colon or colorectal cancer is a common type of human cancer, which originates in the intestine crassum or the rectum. In the United States, colorectal cancer has one of the highest rates of cancer-related mortality. Investigating novel chemotherapeutic approaches is significant in the treatment of cancers, such as colorectal cancer. α-tocopherol ether-linked acetic acid (α-TEA) is a potent anticancer agent in multiple types of human cancer. However, its effect remains to be determined in colon cancer. In this study, HCT116 and SW480 human colon cancer cells were used to investigate the anticancer role of α-TEA. It was demonstrated that α-TEA inhibited cell proliferation, migration and invasion in colon cancer cells. Furthermore, it was shown that α-TEA downregulated the activity of RhoA and phosphorylated Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) substrate myosin light chain (MLC) using a pull-down assay and western blotting, respectively, implying that the RhoA/ROCK pathway is involved in α-TEA-mediated cell growth and motility inhibition. In order to confirm this hypothesis a RhoA inhibitor (clostridium botulinum C3 exoenzyme), a ROCK inhibitor (Y27632) and RhoA small interfering (si)RNA were applied to block RhoA/ROCK signaling. This resulted in the attenuation of MLC phosphorylation, and augmentation of α-TEA-mediated growth and motility inhibition in colon cancer cells. In conclusion, these results indicate that α-TEA inhibits growth and motility in colon cancer cells possibly by targeting RhoA/ROCK signaling. Moreover, combined with RhoA or ROCK inhibitors, α-TEA may exhibit a more effective inhibitory role in colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Yao
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Peng Gao
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Harbin Children's Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Yang Xu
- Department of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Zhaozhu Li
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
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Guerrouahen BS, Hahn T, Alderman Z, Curti B, Urba W, Akporiaye ET. GMP-grade α-TEA lysine salt: a 28-Day oral toxicity and toxicokinetic study with a 28-Day recovery period in Beagle dogs. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:199. [PMID: 26957307 PMCID: PMC4784284 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2220-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Alpha-tocopheryloxyacetic acid (α-TEA) is a semi-synthetic derivative of naturally occurring vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol) that can be delivered via an oral route. Preclinical in vitro and in vivo data demonstrated that α-TEA is a potent anti-tumor agent with a safe toxicity profile in mice. We report a comprehensive study to evaluate the toxokinetics of good manufacturing practice (GMP)-grade α-TEA in dogs after daily oral administration for 28 days, followed by a 28-day recovery period. Methods Male and female beagle dogs received capsules of α-TEA Lysine Salt at doses of 100, 300, 1500 mg/kg/day. α-TEA plasma levels were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with mass spectrometric detection. During the treatment, animals were observe for clinical signs, food consumption, body weight, and subjected to ophthalmoscopic, and electrocardiographic assessments. At the end of the dosing period, blood was taken and toxicokinetic analyses and histopathology assessments were performed when animals were necropsied. Results Our findings showed that there was no α-TEA-related mortality or moribundity. At the highest dose, increases in white blood cells and fibrinogen levels were observed. These levels returned to normal at the end of the recovery period. Histopathological evaluation of major organs revealed no significant lesions related to α-TEA-treatment. Conclusion We demonstrate that for designing clinical trials in patients, the highest non-severely toxic dose (HNSTD) of α-TEA is 1500 mg/kg/day in Beagle dogs and this data informed the design of dose-escalation studies of α-TEA in patients with advanced cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bella S Guerrouahen
- Sidra Medical and Research Center, Experimental Biology Division - Research, PO Box 26999, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Tobias Hahn
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Therapeutics, Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Robert W. Franz Cancer Research Center, Providence Portland Medical Center, 4805 NE Glisan St. 2N35, Portland, OR, USA.
| | - Zefora Alderman
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Therapeutics, Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Robert W. Franz Cancer Research Center, Providence Portland Medical Center, 4805 NE Glisan St. 2N35, Portland, OR, USA.
| | - Brendan Curti
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Therapeutics, Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Robert W. Franz Cancer Research Center, Providence Portland Medical Center, 4805 NE Glisan St. 2N35, Portland, OR, USA.
| | - Walter Urba
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Therapeutics, Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Robert W. Franz Cancer Research Center, Providence Portland Medical Center, 4805 NE Glisan St. 2N35, Portland, OR, USA.
| | - Emmanuel T Akporiaye
- Sidra Medical and Research Center, Experimental Biology Division - Research, PO Box 26999, Doha, Qatar. .,Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Therapeutics, Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Robert W. Franz Cancer Research Center, Providence Portland Medical Center, 4805 NE Glisan St. 2N35, Portland, OR, USA.
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Das Gupta S, Suh N. Tocopherols in cancer: An update. Mol Nutr Food Res 2016; 60:1354-63. [PMID: 26751721 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201500847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Tocopherols exist in four forms designated as α, β, δ, and γ. Due to their strong antioxidant properties, tocopherols have been suggested to reduce the risk of cancer. Cancer prevention studies with tocopherols have mostly utilized α-tocopherol. Large-scale clinical trials with α-tocopherol provided inconsistent results regarding the cancer-preventive activities of tocopherols. This review summarizes our current understanding of the anticancer activities of different forms of tocopherols based on follow-up of the clinical trials, recent epidemiological evidences, and experimental studies using in vitro and in vivo models. The experimental data provide strong evidence in support of the anticancer activities of δ-tocopherol, γ-tocopherol, and the natural tocopherol mixture rich in γ-tocopherol, γ-TmT, over α-tocopherol. Such outcomes emphasize the need for detailed investigation into the cancer-preventive activities of different forms of tocopherols to provide a strong rationale for intervention studies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumyasri Das Gupta
- Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Nanjoo Suh
- Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA.,Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
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Abstract
Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive (HER2+) breast cancer is a subtype of breast cancer that is exhibited in approximately 20-30% of breast cancer cases. The overexpression of HER2 is typically associated with a more aggressive disease and poor prognosis. Currently, the therapeutic drugs trastuzumab and lapatinib are the most commonly used to combat HER2+ breast cancer. However, tumors can develop resistance to these drugs. A better understanding of the mechanism of how HER2+ breast cancer works will help aid the development for new therapeutic approaches which more closely target the source of the signaling dysfunction. This review summarizes four major points in the context of HER2 over-expressing breast cancer (i) HER2 as a molecular target in breast cancer therapy, (ii) current treatment options as well as ongoing clinical studies, (iii) animal and cellular models for the study of HER2 over-expressing breast cancer, and (iv) future therapies and chemopreventive agents used to target HER2+ breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Wahler
- Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 164 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - Nanjoo Suh
- Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 164 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854 ; Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
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Chuang CH, Liu CH, Lu TJ, Hu ML. Suppression of alpha-tocopherol ether-linked acetic acid in VEGF-induced angiogenesis and the possible mechanisms in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2014; 281:310-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2014.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Revised: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Kang TH, Knoff J, Yeh WH, Yang B, Wang C, Kim YS, Kim TW, Wu TC, Hung CF. Treatment of tumors with vitamin E suppresses myeloid derived suppressor cells and enhances CD8+ T cell-mediated antitumor effects. PLoS One 2014; 9:e103562. [PMID: 25072795 PMCID: PMC4114790 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin E has been shown to have strong anticarcinogenic properties, including antioxidant characteristics, making it an ideal candidate for use in combination with immunotherapies that modify the tumor microenvironment. The tumor microenvironment contains immunosuppressive components, which can be diminished, and immunogenic components, which can be augmented by immunotherapies in order to generate a productive immune response. In the current study, we employ the α-tocopherol succinate isomer of vitamin E to reduce immunosuppression by myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) as well as adoptive transfer of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells to generate potent antitumor effects against the HPV16 E7-expressing TC-1 tumor model. We show that vitamin E alone induces necrosis of TC-1 cells and elicits antitumor effects in TC-1 tumor-bearing mice. We further demonstrate that vitamin E reverses the suppression of T cell activation by MDSCs and that this effect is mediated in part by a nitric oxide-dependent mechanism. Additionally, treatment with vitamin E reduces the percentage of MDSCs in tumor loci, and induces a higher percentage of T cells, following T cell adoptive transfer. Finally, we demonstrate that treatment with vitamin E followed by E7-specific T cell adoptive transfer experience elicits potent antitumor effects in tumor-bearing mice. Our data provide additional evidence that vitamin E has anticancer properties and that it has promise for use as an adjuvant in combination with a variety of cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Heung Kang
- Seoul Department of Immunology, College of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju, South Korea
- * E-mail: (THK); (CFH)
| | - Jayne Knoff
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Wei-Hsi Yeh
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Benjamin Yang
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Chenguang Wang
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Young Seob Kim
- Seoul Department of Immunology, College of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju, South Korea
| | - Tae Woo Kim
- Division of Infection and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Tzyy-Choou Wu
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Chien-Fu Hung
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail: (THK); (CFH)
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Cao XZ, Xiang HL, Quan MF, He LH. Inhibition of cell growth by BrMC through inactivation of Akt in HER-2/neu-overexpressing breast cancer cells. Oncol Lett 2014; 7:1632-1638. [PMID: 24765191 PMCID: PMC3997727 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2014.1889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that chrysin (ChR) and its analogs induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human estrogen receptor-positive/-negative breast cancer cells. However, it was unknown whether 8-bromo-7-methoxychrysin (BrMC), a novel synthetic ChR analog, inhibited the cell growth of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2)/neu-overexpressing breast cancers. In the present study, it was demonstrated that BrMC preferentially inhibited the cell viability of HER-2/neu-overexpressing MDA-MB-453 and BT-474 cells. Western blot analysis revealed that HER-2/neu expression and tyrosine phosphorylation were inhibited by BrMC in a concentration-dependent manner; whereas the proteasome inhibitor, MG-132, significantly prevented BrMC-induced HER-2/neu depletion and cell death in MDA-MB-453 cells. This directly indicated that BrMC-induced HER-2/neu depletion and cell growth inhibition was mediated by a proteasomal pathway. BrMC significantly downregulated the expression of cyclin D1, cyclin E and CDK4, followed by the suppression of protein kinase B phosphorylation and downstream effectors, GSK-3β and β-catenin. A colony formation assay also confirmed the growth-inhibitory effects of BrMC. Thus, these findings clearly demonstrate the anticancer activity of BrMC against human HER-2/neu-overexpressing breast cancer cells. Thus, these findings clearly demonstrate the anticancer activity of BrMC against human HER 2/neu-overexpressing breast cancer cells, and highlight BrMC as a promising candidate for breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Zheng Cao
- Medical College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Lin Xiang
- Medical College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Mei-Fang Quan
- Medical College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Li-Hua He
- Medical College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
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The role of antioxidants in the era of cardio‑oncology. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2014; 72:1157-68. [PMID: 23959462 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-013-2260-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 08/04/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Although most chemotherapeutic drugs have the potential to exert cardiotoxicity, these drugs have been chosen for use in cancer treatment because survival and curability benefits outweigh the risk of these complications. Anthracyclines, for example, are a powerful class of chemotherapeutic agents; however, their use is restricted by dose-related cardiotoxicity. Experimental evidence strongly supports the role of reactive oxygen species in this process, suggesting that antioxidants may be effective in protecting the heart from toxicity. Clinical use of antioxidants to protect the heart during anthracycline chemotherapy has been controversial due to the potential for reduced cytotoxic efficacy toward cancer cells. Results from randomized clinical trials addressing whether antioxidants either reduce the incidence of clinical heart failure among patients undergoing anthracycline-based chemotherapy or reduce the response rates to anthracycline-based chemotherapy have been unclear. While anthracyclines are by far the most well-studied antitumor agents with cardiotoxic properties, evidence now shows that reactive oxygen species may play roles in cardiotoxicity induced by other chemotherapeutic agents such as cyclophosphamide, cisplatin, 5-fluorouracil, and trastuzumab. Thus, in the new era of combination therapy and long-term survival of cancer patients, the use of antioxidants to support cancer therapy should be revisited.
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Angulo-Molina A, Reyes-Leyva J, López-Malo A, Hernández J. The Role of Alpha Tocopheryl Succinate (α-TOS) as a Potential Anticancer Agent. Nutr Cancer 2013; 66:167-76. [DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2014.863367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Zarogoulidis P, Cheva A, Zarampouka K, Huang H, Li C, Huang Y, Katsikogiannis N, Zarogoulidis K. Tocopherols and tocotrienols as anticancer treatment for lung cancer: future nutrition. J Thorac Dis 2013; 5:349-52. [PMID: 23825772 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2013.04.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Accepted: 04/03/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Nutrition has been known for ages to shield the immune system against several formulations that deregulate normal DNA repair mechanisms, and induce tumorigenesis. Vitamins and in specific Vit E and its members tocopherols (α-, β-, γ-, δ-) and tocotrienols (α-, β-, γ-, δ-) have demonstrated strong association with the prevention of cancer and inhibition of tumor, both in vitro and in vivo. Vitamin E has also demonstrated effective role against chemotherapy resistant cancer cell evolution and a protective role in acute interstitial disease. Several formulations of Vitamin E have been investigated conjugated with different carriers as nano-formulations and administered in different forms. Additionally, several tumorigenic pathways have been investigated separately in an effort to identify which member of Vitamin E inhibits efficiently every pathway. Vitamin E presented efficiency against specific subhistology types of lung cancer. Finally, in the current work up to date information regarding novel formulations with Vitamin E and inhibition pathways are going to be presented and commented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Zarogoulidis
- Pulmonary Department-Oncology Unit, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece; ; University Pulmonary Department, "Ruhrland" Clinic, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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3, 3'-Diindolylmethane enhances the effectiveness of herceptin against HER-2/neu-expressing breast cancer cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e54657. [PMID: 23372748 PMCID: PMC3551844 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0054657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Herceptin failure is a major clinical problem in breast cancer. A subset of breast cancer patients with high HER-2/neu levels eventually experience metastatic disease progression when treated with Herceptin as a single agent. Mechanistic details of development of this aggressive disease are not clear. Therefore, there is a dire need to better understand the mechanisms by which drug resistance develops and to design new combined treatments that benefit patients with aggressive breast cancer and have minimal toxicity. We hypothesized that 3, 3′-diindolylmethane (DIM), a non-toxic agent can be combined with Herceptin to treat breast cancers with high levels of HER-2/neu. Here, we evaluated the effects of Herceptin alone and in combination with DIM on cell viability, apoptosis and clonogenic assays in SKBR3 (HER-2/neu-expressing) and MDA-MB-468 (HER-2/neu negative) breast cancer cells. We found that DIM could enhance the effectiveness of Herceptin by significantly reducing cell viability, which was associated with apoptosis-induction and significant inhibition of colony formation, compared with single agent treatment. These results were consistent with the down-regulation of Akt and NF-kB p65. Mechanistic investigations revealed a significant upregulation of miR-200 and reduction of FoxM1 expression in DIM and Herceptin-treated breast cancer cells. We, therefore, transfected cells with pre-miR-200 or silenced FoxM1 in these cells for understanding the molecular mechanism involved. These results provide experimental evidence, for the first time, that DIM plus Herceptin therapy could be translated to the clinic as a therapeutic modality to improve treatment outcome of patients with breast cancer, particularly for the patients whose tumors express high levels of HER-2/neu.
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Breast cancer proteome takes more than two to tango on TRAIL: beat them at their own game. J Membr Biol 2012; 245:763-77. [PMID: 22899350 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-012-9490-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2012] [Accepted: 07/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Breast carcinogenesis is a multidimensional disease that has resisted drug-related solutions to date because of heterogeneity, disorganized spatiotemporal behavior of signal transduction cascades, cell cycle checkpoints, cell transition, plasticity, and impaired pro-apoptotic response. These synchronized oncogenic events, including protein-protein interaction, transcriptional-regulatory, and signaling networks, trigger genomic and transcriptional disturbances in TRAIL-mediated signaling network neighborhoods. Therefore, tumor cells often acquire the ability to escape death by suppressing cell death pathways that normally function to eliminate damaged and harmful cells. This review describes the TRAIL-mediated cell death signaling pathways, the interactions between these pathways, and the ways in which these pathways are deregulated in breast cancer.
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Inhibition of Cell Growth and Induction of Apoptosis by Antrodia camphorata in HER-2/neu-Overexpressing Breast Cancer Cells through the Induction of ROS, Depletion of HER-2/neu, and Disruption of the PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 2012:702857. [PMID: 22701509 PMCID: PMC3371823 DOI: 10.1155/2012/702857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2012] [Accepted: 04/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Previously, we demonstrated that a submerged fermentation culture of Antrodia camphorata (AC) promotes cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis in human estrogen receptor-positive/negative breast cancer cells. However, whether AC is effective against HER-2/neu-overexpressing breast cancers has not been thoroughly elucidated. In the present study, we showed that AC exhibited a significant cytotoxic effect against HER-2/neu-overexpressing MDA-MB-453 and BT-474 cells. Immunoblot analysis demonstrated that HER-2/neu and their tyrosine phosphorylation were inhibited by AC in a dose-dependent manner. An increase in intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) was observed in AC-treated cells, whereas antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) significantly prevented AC induced HER-2/neu depletion and cell death, which directly indicates that AC-induced HER-2/neu depletion and cell death was mediated by ROS generation. Also, AC significantly downregulated the expression of cyclin D1, cyclin E, and CDK4 followed by the suppression of PI3K/Akt, and their downstream effectors GSK-3β and β-catenin. Notably, AC-treatment induced apoptotic cell death, which was associated with sub-G1 accumulation, DNA fragmentation, mitochondrial dysfunction, cytochrome c release, caspase-3/-9 activation, PARP degradation, and Bcl-2/Bax dysregulation. Assays for colony formation also confirmed the growth-inhibitory effects of AC. This is the first report confirming the anticancer activity of this potentially beneficial mushroom against human HER-2/neu-overexpressing breast cancers.
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