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Mokhtari E, Mokhtari H, Moslemi E. HER-3 Knocking Down Induces G2/M Arrest in Gastric Cancer Cells. Avicenna J Med Biotechnol 2018; 10:227-232. [PMID: 30555655 PMCID: PMC6252031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Human Epidermal growth factor Receptor-3 (HER-3) is a member of ErbB receptor family and has deficient kinase activity. HER-3 should heterodimerize with other members of ErbB receptor family, especially with HER-2, to transduce downstream signaling pathways. HER-3 co-expresses with other ErbB receptors in different cancers and overexpresses while the oncogenic signaling pathways such as Jak/Stat, MAPK, and PI3K/Akt are activated and promoted. Here, the expression level of HER-3 was evaluated in Iranian gastric adenocarcinoma's patients and the effects of HER-3 knocking down was investigated on cell cycle and cell viability of human gastric adenocarcinoma cell line of MKN45. METHODS In this study, 38 paraffin-embedded surgical adenocarcinoma specimens and their marginal non-tumor tissue samples were collected. Total RNAs were extracted and cDNAs were synthesized. Finally, the expression level of HER-3 was evaluated by real time PCR approach. Moreover, the human adenocarcinoma cell line of MKN45 was transfected with siRNA against HER-3 and the effects of its down-regulation were evaluated using MTT assay and cell-cycle analysis. RESULTS The data obtained from this study revealed HER-3 is significantly overexpressed in gastric tumors rather than non-tumor marginal tissues. Also, it was found that the expression level of HER-3 is elevated with tumor depth of invasion. Moreover, HER-3 knocking down promotes cell accumulation in G2/M phase of cell cycle and decreases cell viability in MKN45 cells which suggests a potential role for HER-3 in gastric adenocarcinoma tumorigenesis. CONCLUSION Taken together, these results emphasize the importance of HER-3 receptor in diagnosis and prognosis of gastric adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Mokhtari
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Islamic Azad University, East Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hesamodin Mokhtari
- International Campus, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Elham Moslemi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Islamic Azad University, East Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran,Corresponding author: Elham Moslemi, Ph.D., Department of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Islamic Azad University, East Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran, Tel/Fax: +98 9123355872, +98 21 88194061, E-mail:
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Sinibaldi A, Sampaoli C, Danz N, Munzert P, Sonntag F, Centola F, Occhicone A, Tremante E, Giacomini P, Michelotti F. Bloch Surface Waves Biosensors for High Sensitivity Detection of Soluble ERBB2 in a Complex Biological Environment. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2017; 7:bios7030033. [PMID: 28817097 PMCID: PMC5618039 DOI: 10.3390/bios7030033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
We report on the use of one-dimensional photonic crystals to detect clinically relevant concentrations of the cancer biomarker ERBB2 in cell lysates. Overexpression of the ERBB2 protein is associated with aggressive breast cancer subtypes. To detect soluble ERBB2, we developed an optical set-up which operates in both label-free and fluorescence modes. The detection approach makes use of a sandwich assay, in which the one-dimensional photonic crystals sustaining Bloch surface waves are modified with monoclonal antibodies, in order to guarantee high specificity during the biological recognition. We present the results of exemplary protein G based label-free assays in complex biological matrices, reaching an estimated limit of detection of 0.5 ng/mL. On-chip and chip-to-chip variability of the results is addressed too, providing repeatability rates. Moreover, results on fluorescence operation demonstrate the capability to perform high sensitive cancer biomarker assays reaching a resolution of 0.6 ng/mL, without protein G assistance. The resolution obtained in both modes meets international guidelines and recommendations (15 ng/mL) for ERBB2 quantification assays, providing an alternative tool to phenotype and diagnose molecular cancer subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Sinibaldi
- Department of Basic and Applied Science for Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Via A. Scarpa 16, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Camilla Sampaoli
- Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via E. Chianesi 53, 00144 Rome, Italy.
| | - Norbert Danz
- Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Optics and Precision Engineering IOF, Albert-Einstein-Str. 7, 07745 Jena, Germany.
| | - Peter Munzert
- Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Optics and Precision Engineering IOF, Albert-Einstein-Str. 7, 07745 Jena, Germany.
| | - Frank Sonntag
- Fraunhofer Institute for Material and Beam Technology IWS, Winterbergstr. 28, 01277 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Fabio Centola
- IBI-Istituto Biochimico Italiano Giovanni Lorenzini Spa, Via Fossignano 2, 04011 Aprilia, Italy.
| | - Agostino Occhicone
- Department of Basic and Applied Science for Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Via A. Scarpa 16, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Elisa Tremante
- Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via E. Chianesi 53, 00144 Rome, Italy.
| | - Patrizio Giacomini
- Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via E. Chianesi 53, 00144 Rome, Italy.
| | - Francesco Michelotti
- Department of Basic and Applied Science for Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Via A. Scarpa 16, 00161 Rome, Italy.
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Detection of soluble ERBB2 in breast cancer cell lysates using a combined label-free/fluorescence platform based on Bloch surface waves. Biosens Bioelectron 2017; 92:125-130. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2017.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Eletxigerra U, Martinez-Perdiguero J, Merino S, Barderas R, Torrente-Rodríguez R, Villalonga R, Pingarrón J, Campuzano S. Amperometric magnetoimmunosensor for ErbB2 breast cancer biomarker determination in human serum, cell lysates and intact breast cancer cells. Biosens Bioelectron 2015; 70:34-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Revised: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Jin H, Daly DS, Marks JR, Zangar RC. Oxidatively modified proteins as plasma biomarkers in breast cancer. Cancer Biomark 2014; 13:193-200. [PMID: 23912491 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-130349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Post-translational protein modifications (PTMs) are increased in breast tumors. OBJECTIVE We explored whether PTMs on proteins secreted by the breast could be detected in plasma and potentially used for the early detection of breast cancer. METHODS We used a custom ELISA microarray platform to measure 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE), glutathione (GSH), nitrotyrosine and halotyrosine adducts in 27 secreted proteins, for a total of 108 candidate biomarkers. Two independent sets of human plasma samples were measured, for a total of 160 samples. The results were analyzed for consistent cancer-associated changes across the two sample sets. Plasma samples for both cases and benign controls were collected at the time of tissue diagnosis after referral from a positive screen (such as mammography). The results from both studies were evaluated using ANOVA and t-tests or receiver operator curves (ROC). RESULTS Levels of GSH-modified ceruloplasmin and HNE-modified PDGF were significantly altered in plasma samples from cancer patients relative to benign controls. Healthy controls, which were only included in the first set of samples, were similar to the benign controls for both of these markers. A combination of three glutathionylated proteins produced the best area under the ROC curve, with a value of 76%. CONCLUSIONS Specific PTMs in individual proteins may be useful for distinguishing between women with breast cancer and those with benign breast disease. These oxidative changes in plasma proteins may reflect redox changes in breast cancer. Additional studies on oxidative modifications in individual proteins are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjun Jin
- Fundamental and Computational Sciences, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
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McCormick NH, Hennigar SR, Kiselyov K, Kelleher SL. The biology of zinc transport in mammary epithelial cells: implications for mammary gland development, lactation, and involution. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2014; 19:59-71. [PMID: 24338187 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-013-9314-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Zinc plays a critical role in a vast array of cellular functions including gene transcription, protein translation, cell proliferation, differentiation, bioenergetics, and programmed cell death. The mammary gland depends upon tight coordination of these processes during development and reproduction for optimal expansion, differentiation, and involution. For example, zinc is required for activation of matrix metalloproteinases, intracellular signaling cascades such as MAPK and PKC, and the activation of both mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis and lysosomal-mediated cell death. In addition to functional needs, during lactation the mammary gland must balance providing optimal zinc for cellular requirements with the need to secrete a substantial amount of zinc into milk to meet the requirements of the developing neonate. Finally, the mammary gland exhibits the most profound example of programmed cell death, which is driven by both apoptotic and lysosomal-mediated cell death. Two families of zinc-specific transporters regulate zinc delivery for these diverse functions. Members of the ZIP family of zinc transporters (ZIP1-14) import zinc into the cytoplasm from outside the cell or from subcellular organelles, while members of the ZnT family (ZnT1-10) export zinc from the cytoplasm. Recently, the ion channel transient receptor potential mucolipin 1 (TRPML1) has also been implicated in zinc transport. Herein, we review our current understanding of the molecular mechanisms through which mammary epithelial cells utilize zinc with a focus on the transport of zinc into discrete subcellular organelles for specific cellular functions during mammary gland development, lactation, and involution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas H McCormick
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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Zangar RC, Bollinger N, Weber TJ, Tan RM, Markillie LM, Karin NJ. Reactive oxygen species alter autocrine and paracrine signaling. Free Radic Biol Med 2011; 51:2041-7. [PMID: 21963990 PMCID: PMC3219223 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2010] [Revised: 09/01/2011] [Accepted: 09/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 (P450) 3A4 (CYP3A4) is the most abundant P450 protein in human liver and intestine and is highly inducible by a variety of drugs and other compounds. The P450 catalytic cycle is known to uncouple and release reactive oxygen species (ROS), but the effects of ROS from P450 and other enzymes in the endoplasmic reticulum have been poorly studied from the perspective of effects on cell biology. In this study, we expressed low levels of CYP3A4 in HepG2 cells, a human hepatocarcinoma cell line, and examined effects on intracellular levels of ROS and on the secretion of a variety of growth factors that are important in extracellular communication. Using the redox-sensitive dye RedoxSensor red, we demonstrate that CYP3A4 expression increases levels of ROS in viable cells. A custom ELISA microarray platform was employed to demonstrate that expression of CYP3A4 increased secretion of amphiregulin, intracellular adhesion molecule 1, matrix metalloprotease 2, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), and vascular endothelial growth factor, but suppressed secretion of CD14. The antioxidant N-acetylcysteine suppressed all P450-dependent changes in protein secretion except for CD14. Quantitative RT-PCR demonstrated that changes in protein secretion were consistently associated with corresponding changes in gene expression. Inhibition of the NF-κB pathway blocked P450 effects on PDGF secretion. CYP3A4 expression also altered protein secretion in human mammary epithelial cells and C10 mouse lung cells. Overall, these results suggest that increased ROS production in the endoplasmic reticulum alters the secretion of proteins that have key roles in paracrine and autocrine signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard C Zangar
- Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA.
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Gonzalez RM, Daly DS, Tan R, Marks JR, Zangar RC. Plasma biomarker profiles differ depending on breast cancer subtype but RANTES is consistently increased. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2011; 20:1543-51. [PMID: 21586622 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-10-1248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current biomarkers for breast cancer have little potential for detection. We determined whether breast cancer subtypes influence circulating protein biomarkers. METHODS A sandwich ELISA microarray platform was used to evaluate 23 candidate biomarkers in plasma samples that were obtained from subjects with either benign breast disease or invasive breast cancer. All plasma samples were collected at the time of biopsy, after a referral due to a suspicious screen (e.g., mammography). Cancer samples were evaluated on the basis of breast cancer subtypes, as defined by the HER2 and estrogen receptor statuses. RESULTS Ten proteins were statistically altered in at least one breast cancer subtype, including four epidermal growth factor receptor ligands, two matrix metalloproteases, two cytokines, and two angiogenic factors. Only one cytokine, RANTES, was significantly increased (P < 0.01 for each analysis) in all four subtypes, with areas under the curve (AUC) for receiver operating characteristic values that ranged from 0.76 to 0.82, depending on cancer subtype. The best AUC values were observed for analyses that combined data from multiple biomarkers, with values ranging from 0.70 to 0.99, depending on the cancer subtype. Although the results for RANTES are consistent with previous publications, the multi-assay results need to be validated in independent sample sets. CONCLUSIONS Different breast cancer subtypes produce distinct biomarker profiles, and circulating protein biomarkers have potential to differentiate between true- and false-positive screens for breast cancer. IMPACT Subtype-specific biomarker panels may be useful for detecting breast cancer or as an adjunct assay to improve the accuracy of current screening methods.
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