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Meng J, Zhao Y, Lan X, Wang S. Granulosa cell transcriptomic study reveals the differential regulation of lncRNAs and mRNAs related to follicle development in goat. Reprod Domest Anim 2022; 57:967-979. [PMID: 35596738 DOI: 10.1111/rda.14163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian follicle development is a complex biological process regulated by several factors. More than 99% of the follicles in goat ovaries will be atresia and only a few will eventually mature and ovulate. To investigate the potential long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) that regulate the expression of genes associated with follicular dominance or atresia, RNA-seq was performed on dominant follicles (DFs) and subordinate follicles (SFs) of granulosa cells from goats at the first follicular wave. A total of 92 differentially expressed lncRNAs and 676 differentially expressed mRNAs were detected in both types of follicles. The qRT-PCR results were consistent with the transcriptome sequencing data. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis of the differentially expressed mRNAs revealed that LHR and LDLR are associated with follicle dominance and are involved in the ovarian steroidogenesis pathway. The co-located mRNAs CALM2 and PPP1CA were significantly enriched during oocyte meiosis and in the cAMP and oxytocin signaling pathways. The co-expressed mRNAs were significantly enriched in the estrogen signaling pathway and in ovarian steroidogenesis and progesterone-mediated oocyte maturation. A co-expression network of lncRNAs, target genes, and differentially expressed genes was constructed. Follicle development-related genes, such as LDLR, NOTCH1, and FGF12, were included. These findings expand the lncRNA catalog and provide a basis for further studies on the mechanism of regulating follicular development in goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinzhu Meng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China.,Tongren University, Tongren, Guizhou, China
| | | | - Xianyong Lan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangling, Shanxi, P.R. China
| | - Shuilian Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
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Oxidative Distress Induces Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway Modulation in Colorectal Cancer Cells: Perspectives on APC Retained Functions. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13236045. [PMID: 34885156 PMCID: PMC8656656 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13236045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a multistep process that arises in the colic tissue microenvironment. Oxidative stress plays a role in mediating CRC cell survival and progression, as well as promoting resistance to therapies. CRC progression is associated with Wnt/β-Catenin signaling dysregulation and loss of proper APC functions. Cancer recurrence/relapse has been attributed to altered ROS levels, produced in a cancerous microenvironment. The effect of oxidative distress on Wnt/β-Catenin signaling in the light of APC functions is unclear. This study evaluated the effect of H2O2-induced short-term oxidative stress in HCT116, SW480 and SW620 cells with different phenotypes of APC and β-Catenin. The modulation and relationship of APC with characteristic molecules of Wnt/β-Catenin were assessed in gene and protein expression. Results indicated that CRC cells, even when deprived of growth factors, under acute oxidative distress conditions by H2O2 promote β-Catenin expression and modulate cytoplasmic APC protein. Furthermore, H2O2 induces differential gene expression depending on the cellular phenotype and leading to favor both Wnt/Catenin-dependent and -independent signaling. The exact mechanism by which oxidative distress can affect Wnt signaling functions will require further investigation to reveal new scenarios for the development of therapeutic approaches for CRC, in the light of the conserved functions of APC.
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Dobre M, Salvi A, Pelisenco IA, Vasilescu F, De Petro G, Herlea V, Milanesi E. Crosstalk Between DNA Methylation and Gene Mutations in Colorectal Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:697409. [PMID: 34277443 PMCID: PMC8281955 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.697409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is often characterized by mutations and aberrant DNA methylation within the promoters of tumor suppressor genes and proto-oncogenes. The most frequent somatic mutations occur within KRAS and BRAF genes. Mutations of the KRAS gene have been detected in approximately 40% of patients, while mutations in BRAF have been detected less frequently at a rate of 10%. In this study, the DNA methylation levels of 22 candidate genes were evaluated in three types of tissue: mucosal tumoral tissue from 18 CRC patients, normal adjacent tissues from 10 CRC patients who underwent surgical resection, and tissue from a control group of six individuals with normal colonoscopies. A differential methylation profile of nine genes (RUNX3, SFRP1, WIF1, PCDH10, DKK2, DKK3, TMEFF2, OPCML, and SFRP2) presenting high methylation levels in tumoral compared to normal tissues was identified. KRAS mutations (codons 12 or 13) were detected in eight CRC cases, and BRAF mutations (codon 600) in four cases. One of the CRC patients presented concomitant mutations in KRAS codon 12 and BRAF, whereas seven patients did not present these mutations (WT). When comparing the methylation profile according to mutation status, we found that six genes (SFRP2, DKK2, PCDH10, TMEFF2, SFRP1, HS3ST2) showed a methylation level higher in BRAF positive cases than BRAF negative cases. The molecular sub-classification of CRC according to mutations and epigenetic modifications may help to identify epigenetic biomarkers useful in designing personalized strategies to improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Dobre
- Laboratory of Histopathology and Immunohistochemistry, Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alessandro Salvi
- Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Florina Vasilescu
- Laboratory of Histopathology and Immunohistochemistry, Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Giuseppina De Petro
- Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Vlad Herlea
- Department of Pathology, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Elena Milanesi
- Laboratory of Radiobiology, Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
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Rubio CA. Two histologic compartments in nonpolypoid conventional colon adenomas. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 36:910-917. [PMID: 32757480 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.15210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Two intertwined compartments coexisting in nonpolypoid conventional (i.e. tubular or villous) adenomas are highlighted in this review: one built of dysplastic tissue on top and the other portraying crypts with irregular, corrupted shapes, albeit lined with normal epithelium, below. The latter compartment has remained unattended in the literature. Recently, however, the histologic characteristics of the nondysplastic compartment in nonpolypoid conventional adenomas were closely examined, and some of its biological attributes were unveiled. Studies with the proliferation marker ki67 showed that the crypts with irregular, corrupted shapes in the nondysplastic compartment displayed haphazardly distributed proliferating cell-domains. Given that the proliferating cells are generated by stem cells, the relocation of proliferating cell-domains in those crypts seems to be the result of a reorganization of the stem cells within the crypts. The abnormal distribution of proliferating cells, the finding of p53-upregulated cells, and of crypts in asymmetric fission suggest that the crypts in that compartment are histo-biologically altered, probably somatically mutated. This new information might contribute to unravel the riddle of crypto-histogenesis of nonpolypoid conventional adenomas of the colon. More research along these lines is necessary, before the biology of the crypts in the nondysplastic compartment can be fully translated into molecular terms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Rubio
- Gastrointestinal Research Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Fan J, Zhang Y, Mu J, He X, Shao B, Zhou D, Peng W, Tang J, Jiang Y, Ren G, Xiang T. TET1 exerts its anti-tumor functions via demethylating DACT2 and SFRP2 to antagonize Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. Clin Epigenetics 2018; 10:103. [PMID: 30075814 PMCID: PMC6091063 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-018-0535-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND TET1 is a tumor suppressor gene (TSG) that codes for ten-eleven translocation methyl cytosine dioxygenase1 (TET1) catalyzing the conversion of 5-methylcytosine to 5-hydroxy methyl cytosine as a first step of TSG demethylation. Its hypermethylation has been associated with cancer pathogenesis. However, whether TET1 plays any role in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) remains unclear. This study investigated the expression and methylation of TET1 in NPC and confirmed its role and mechanism as a TSG. RESULTS TET1 expression was downregulated in NPC tissues compared with nasal septum deviation tissues. Demethylation of TET1 in HONE1 and HNE1 cells restored its expression with downregulated methylation, implying that TET1 was silenced by promoter hypermethylation. Ectopic expression of TET1 suppressed the growth of NPC cells, induced apoptosis, arrested cell division in G0/G1 phase, and inhibited cell migration and invasion, confirming TET1 TSG activity. TET1 decreased the expression of nuclear β-catenin and downstream target genes. Furthermore, TET1 could cause Wnt antagonists (DACT2, SFRP2) promoter demethylation and restore its expression in NPC cells. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, we conclude that TET1 exerts its anti-tumor functions in NPC cells by suppressing Wnt/β-catenin signaling via demethylation of Wnt antagonists (DACT2 and SFRP2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangxia Fan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Junhao Mu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoqian He
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bianfei Shao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dishu Zhou
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Weiyan Peng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun Tang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guosheng Ren
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tingxiu Xiang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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SOX17 restrains proliferation and tumor formation by down-regulating activity of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway via trans-suppressing β-catenin in cervical cancer. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:741. [PMID: 29970906 PMCID: PMC6030085 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0782-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The SRY-box containing gene 17 (SOX17) is considered as a regulator in stemness maintenance and a suppressor in some malignant tumors. However, the biological function and molecular mechanism of SOX17 in the process of initiation and progression of cervical cancer remain obscure. In this study, immunohistochemistry showed that the expression of SOX17 was high in the normal cervix, moderate in the high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion, and low in the cervical cancer. SOX17 inhibited the proliferation and viability of cervical cancer cells in vitro as well as tumor formation in vivo. Additionally, SOX17 induced the cell cycle arrest at the transition from the G0/G1 phase to the S phase. The TOP/ FOP-Flash reporter assay and Western blotting showed SOX17 inhibited the activity of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in cervical cancer. Further, firefly luciferase reporter assay and quantitative chromatin immunoprecipitation (qChIP) assays confirmed that SOX17 trans-suppressed the expression of β-catenin by directly binding to the specific region of the β-catenin promoter. Together, our data demonstrated that SOX17 restrained the proliferation and tumor formation by down-regulating the activity of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway via trans-suppression of β-catenin in cervical cancer.
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Wils LJ, Bijlsma MF. Epigenetic regulation of the Hedgehog and Wnt pathways in cancer. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2018; 121:23-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2017.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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Walker CJ, O'Hern MJ, Serna VA, Kurita T, Miranda MA, Sapp CE, Mutch DG, Cohn DE, Goodfellow PJ. Novel SOX17 frameshift mutations in endometrial cancer are functionally distinct from recurrent missense mutations. Oncotarget 2017; 8:68758-68768. [PMID: 28978154 PMCID: PMC5620294 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Extensive genomic profiling for endometrioid endometrial carcinoma (EEC) has pointed to genes and pathways important in uterine development as critical mediators of endometrial tumorigenesis. SOX17 is a developmental transcription factor necessary for proper endoderm formation that has been implicated as a tumor suppressor and shown to modulate WNT signaling. SOX17 mutation analysis in 539 primary EECs revealed frequent missense and frameshift mutations with an overall 11.5% mutation rate. More than half the mutations identified were frameshifts (32 of 62), and the hotspot missense changes, p.Ala96Gly and p.Ser403Ile, were seen in 14 tumors. None of the cases with a mutation had a second SOX17 mutation or evidence of allelic loss. Immunofluorescence microscopy performed on primary samples showed that there were no changes in SOX17 protein expression associated with mutation. Low/absent SOX17 staining was significantly associated with advanced stage, high tumor grade and reduced recurrence-free survival. Functional assessment of the two hotspot missense mutations and three representative frameshift mutations showed that SOX17-A96G and SOX17-S403I have transcriptional activities similar to SOX17 wild-type (WT), whereas none of the frameshift mutant proteins showed transcriptional activity. Forced expression of SOX17-WT, -A96G or -S403I in EC cell lines moderately increased β-catenin mediated transcription, which contrasts with previous data showing SOX17 is an inhibitor of TCF/β-catenin signaling. The proliferation of EC cell lines was expectedly reduced by transfection with SOX17-WT, and further reduced by SOX17-A96G and SOX17-S403I. These data implicate SOX17 mutation as a selected event in EEC, with clear differences between the missense and frameshift mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Walker
- James Comprehensive Cancer Center and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Matthew J O'Hern
- James Comprehensive Cancer Center and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Vanida A Serna
- James Comprehensive Cancer Center and the Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Takeshi Kurita
- James Comprehensive Cancer Center and the Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Mario A Miranda
- James Comprehensive Cancer Center and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Caroline E Sapp
- James Comprehensive Cancer Center and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - David G Mutch
- Siteman Cancer Center and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - David E Cohn
- James Comprehensive Cancer Center and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Paul J Goodfellow
- James Comprehensive Cancer Center and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Naini MA, Mokarram P, Kavousipour S, Zare N, Atapour A, Zarin1 MH, Mehrabani G, Borji M. Sensitive and Noninvasive Detection of Aberrant SFRP2 and MGMT-B Methylation in Iranian Patients with Colon Polyps. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2017; 17:2185-93. [PMID: 27221916 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2016.17.4.2185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathogenesis of sporadic colorectal cancer (CRC) is influenced by the patient genetic background and environmental factors. Based on prior understanding, these are classified in two major pathways of genetic instability. Microsatellite instability (MSI) and CPG island methylator phenotype (CIMP) are categorized as features of the hypermethylated prototype, and chromosomal instability (CIN) is known to be indicative of the non-hypermethylated category. Secreted frizzled related protein 2 (SFRP2), APC1A in WNT signaling pathway and the DNA repair gene, O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT), are frequently hypermethylated in colorectal cancer. Detection of methylated DNA as a biomarker by easy and inexpensive methods might improve the quality of life of patients with CRC via early detection of cancer or a precancerous condition. AIM To evaluate the rate of SFRP2 and MGMT hypermethylation in both polyp tissue and serum of patients in south Iran as compared with matched control normal population corresponding samples. MATERIALS AND METHODS Methylation-specific PCR was used to detect hypermethylation in DNA extracted from 48 polypoid tissue samples and 25 healthy individuals. RESULTS Of total polyp samples, 89.5% had at least one promoter gene hypermethylation. The most frequent methylated locus was SFRP2 followed by MGMT-B (81.2 and 66.6 percent respectively). Serologic detection of hypermethylation was 95% sensitive as compared with polyp tissue. No hypermethylation was detected in normal tissue and serum and its detection in patients with polyps, especially of serrated type, was specific. CONCLUSIONS Serologic investigation for detection of MGMT-B, SFRP2 hypermethylation could facilitate prioritization of high risk patients for colonoscopic polyp detection and excision.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Alizade Naini
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran E-mail :
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Yang Q, Huang T, Ye G, Wang B, Zhang X. Methylation of SFRP2 gene as a promising noninvasive biomarker using feces in colorectal cancer diagnosis: a systematic meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33339. [PMID: 27659069 PMCID: PMC5034263 DOI: 10.1038/srep33339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Methylation of secreted frizzled-related protein genes (SFRP) associated with the Wnt signaling pathway has previously been reported. However, the diagnostic role of SFRP methylation in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains unclear. A systematic search was performed to identify eligible articles for analysis. The pooled OR showed that SFRP1, SFRP2, SFRP4 and SFRP5 methylation was significantly higher in CRC and benign mucosal lesions than in normal colonic mucosa. When CRC was compared to benign mucosal lesions, SFRP1 and SFRP2 methylation had a significantly higher OR, but methylated SFRP4 and SFRP5 had a similar OR. Moreover, the pooled sensitivity, specificity and AUC (area under the curve) of methylated SFRP2 in feces of patients with CRC vs. healthy subjects was 0.71, 0.94 and 0.94, respectively. Therefore, methylation of SFRP1 and SFRP2 may be significantly correlated with CRC. However, in a study with small sample size, methylated SFRP4 and SFRP5 were not shown to be closely associated with CRC. Additionally, detection of SFRP2 methylation in feces presents a potential noninvasive biomarker for CRC diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihua Yang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315020, China
| | - Tao Huang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315020, China
| | - Guoliang Ye
- The Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315020, China
| | - Bojun Wang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315020, China
| | - Xinjun Zhang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315020, China
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Xu Y, Li X, Wang H, Xie P, Yan X, Bai Y, Zhang T. Hypermethylation of CDH13, DKK3 and FOXL2 promoters and the expression of EZH2 in ovary granulosa cell tumors. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:2739-45. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Galamb O, Kalmár A, Péterfia B, Csabai I, Bodor A, Ribli D, Krenács T, Patai ÁV, Wichmann B, Barták BK, Tóth K, Valcz G, Spisák S, Tulassay Z, Molnár B. Aberrant DNA methylation of WNT pathway genes in the development and progression of CIMP-negative colorectal cancer. Epigenetics 2016; 11:588-602. [PMID: 27245242 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2016.1190894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The WNT signaling pathway has an essential role in colorectal carcinogenesis and progression, which involves a cascade of genetic and epigenetic changes. We aimed to analyze DNA methylation affecting the WNT pathway genes in colorectal carcinogenesis in promoter and gene body regions using whole methylome analysis in 9 colorectal cancer, 15 adenoma, and 6 normal tumor adjacent tissue (NAT) samples by methyl capture sequencing. Functional methylation was confirmed on 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine-treated colorectal cancer cell line datasets. In parallel with the DNA methylation analysis, mutations of WNT pathway genes (APC, β-catenin/CTNNB1) were analyzed by 454 sequencing on GS Junior platform. Most differentially methylated CpG sites were localized in gene body regions (95% of WNT pathway genes). In the promoter regions, 33 of the 160 analyzed WNT pathway genes were differentially methylated in colorectal cancer vs. normal, including hypermethylated AXIN2, CHP1, PRICKLE1, SFRP1, SFRP2, SOX17, and hypomethylated CACYBP, CTNNB1, MYC; 44 genes in adenoma vs. NAT; and 41 genes in colorectal cancer vs. adenoma comparisons. Hypermethylation of AXIN2, DKK1, VANGL1, and WNT5A gene promoters was higher, while those of SOX17, PRICKLE1, DAAM2, and MYC was lower in colon carcinoma compared to adenoma. Inverse correlation between expression and methylation was confirmed in 23 genes, including APC, CHP1, PRICKLE1, PSEN1, and SFRP1. Differential methylation affected both canonical and noncanonical WNT pathway genes in colorectal normal-adenoma-carcinoma sequence. Aberrant DNA methylation appears already in adenomas as an early event of colorectal carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orsolya Galamb
- a Molecular Medicine Research Group , Hungarian Academy of Sciences , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Alexandra Kalmár
- b 2nd Department of Internal Medicine , Semmelweis University , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Bálint Péterfia
- b 2nd Department of Internal Medicine , Semmelweis University , Budapest , Hungary
| | - István Csabai
- c Department of Physics of Complex Systems , Eötvös Loránd University , Budapest , Hungary
| | - András Bodor
- c Department of Physics of Complex Systems , Eötvös Loránd University , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Dezső Ribli
- c Department of Physics of Complex Systems , Eötvös Loránd University , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Tibor Krenács
- d 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research , Semmelweis University , Budapest , Hungary.,e Tumor Progression Research Group , Hungarian Academy of Sciences - Semmelweis University , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Árpád V Patai
- b 2nd Department of Internal Medicine , Semmelweis University , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Barnabás Wichmann
- a Molecular Medicine Research Group , Hungarian Academy of Sciences , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Barbara Kinga Barták
- b 2nd Department of Internal Medicine , Semmelweis University , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Kinga Tóth
- b 2nd Department of Internal Medicine , Semmelweis University , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Gábor Valcz
- a Molecular Medicine Research Group , Hungarian Academy of Sciences , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Sándor Spisák
- f Department of Medical Oncology , Dana-Farber Cancer Institute , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Zsolt Tulassay
- a Molecular Medicine Research Group , Hungarian Academy of Sciences , Budapest , Hungary.,b 2nd Department of Internal Medicine , Semmelweis University , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Béla Molnár
- a Molecular Medicine Research Group , Hungarian Academy of Sciences , Budapest , Hungary
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Ahmadi S, Sharifi M, Salehi R. Locked nucleic acid inhibits miR-92a-3p in human colorectal cancer, induces apoptosis and inhibits cell proliferation. Cancer Gene Ther 2016; 23:199-205. [PMID: 27199220 DOI: 10.1038/cgt.2016.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a type of small noncoding RNAs that have a vital role in basic biological processes such as cellular growth, division and apoptosis. A change in the expression of miRNAs can induce many diseases. Recently, the role of miRNA in some of the cancers as a tumor suppressor and oncogene has been recognized. Several studies have proved that miR-92a-3p acts as an oncogene in colorectal cancer (CRC). We studied CRC by inhibiting miR-92a-3p in SW48 cells (human colorectal cancer cell line) that were transfected with locked nucleic acid (LNA). At different times, the expression level of miR-92a-3p, cell vitality, apoptosis and necrosis were studied by qRT-PCR, MTT, Annexin-V and propidiumiodide. Our results showed that the expression of miR-92a-3p and proliferation of SW48 cells were decreased, and also a high percentage of SW48 cells were exposed to apoptosis and necrosis (P⩽0.005). Our study showed that the inhibition of miR-92a-3p with LNA inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis and necrosis in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ahmadi
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - M Sharifi
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - R Salehi
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Xiao YF, Yong X, Tang B, Qin Y, Zhang JW, Zhang D, Xie R, Yang SM. Notch and Wnt signaling pathway in cancer: Crucial role and potential therapeutic targets (Review). Int J Oncol 2015; 48:437-49. [PMID: 26648421 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.3280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
There is no radical cure for all cancer types. The most frequently used therapies are surgical treatment, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. However, recrudescence, radiation resistance and chemotherapy resistance are the most challenging issues in clinical practice. To address these issues, they should be further studied at the molecular level, and the signaling pathways involved represent a promising avenue for this research. In the present review, we mainly discuss the components and mechanisms of activation of the Notch and Wnt signaling pathways, and we summarize the recent research efforts on these two pathways in different cancers. We also evaluate the ideal drugs that could target these two signaling pathways for cancer therapy, summarize alterations in the Notch and Wnt signaling pathways in cancer, and discuss potential signaling inhibitors as effective drugs for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Feng Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Xin Yong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Bo Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Yong Qin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Wei Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Rui Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Shi-Ming Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
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15
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Majchrzak-Celińska A, Słocińska M, Barciszewska AM, Nowak S, Baer-Dubowska W. Wnt pathway antagonists, SFRP1, SFRP2, SOX17, and PPP2R2B, are methylated in gliomas and SFRP1 methylation predicts shorter survival. J Appl Genet 2015; 57:189-97. [PMID: 26337424 PMCID: PMC4830852 DOI: 10.1007/s13353-015-0312-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The deregulation of Wnt signaling is observed in various cancers, including gliomas, and might be related to the methylation of the genes encoding antagonists of this signaling pathway. The aim of the study was to assess the methylation status of the promoter regions of six Wnt negative regulators and to determine their prognostic value in clinical samples of gliomas of different grades. The methylation of SFRP1, SFRP2, PPP2R2B, DKK1, SOX17, and DACH1 was analyzed in 64 glioma samples using methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP). The results were analyzed in correlation with clinicopathological data. Promoter methylation in at least one of the analyzed genes was found in 81.3 % of the tumors. All benign tumors [grade I according to the World Health Organization (WHO) classification] lacked the methylation of the studied genes, whereas grade II, III, and IV tumors were, in most cases, methylation-positive. The methylation index correlated with the patient's age. The most frequently methylated genes were SFRP1 and SFRP2 (73.4 % and 46.9 %, respectively), followed by SOX17 (20.3 %) and PPP2R2B (10.9 %); DKK1 and DACH1 were basically unmethylated (1.6 %). SFRP1 methylation negatively correlated with patients' survival time, and was significantly more frequent in older patients and those with higher grade tumors. Overall, the results of this study indicate that aberrant promoter methylation of Wnt pathway antagonists is common in gliomas, which may be the possible cause of up-regulation of this signaling pathway often observed in these tumors. Moreover, SFRP1 promoter methylation can be regarded as a potential indicator of glioma patients' survival.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marta Słocińska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Anna-Maria Barciszewska
- Department and Clinic of Neurosurgery and Neurotraumatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Stanisław Nowak
- Department and Clinic of Neurosurgery and Neurotraumatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Wanda Baer-Dubowska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland.
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16
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Novellasdemunt L, Antas P, Li VSW. Targeting Wnt signaling in colorectal cancer. A Review in the Theme: Cell Signaling: Proteins, Pathways and Mechanisms. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2015; 309:C511-21. [PMID: 26289750 PMCID: PMC4609654 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00117.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The evolutionarily conserved Wnt signaling pathway plays essential roles during embryonic development and tissue homeostasis. Notably, comprehensive genetic studies in Drosophila and mice in the past decades have demonstrated the crucial role of Wnt signaling in intestinal stem cell maintenance by regulating proliferation, differentiation, and cell-fate decisions. Wnt signaling has also been implicated in a variety of cancers and other diseases. Loss of the Wnt pathway negative regulator adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) is the hallmark of human colorectal cancers (CRC). Recent advances in high-throughput sequencing further reveal many novel recurrent Wnt pathway mutations in addition to the well-characterized APC and β-catenin mutations in CRC. Despite attractive strategies to develop drugs for Wnt signaling, major hurdles in therapeutic intervention of the pathway persist. Here we discuss the Wnt-activating mechanisms in CRC and review the current advances and challenges in drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pedro Antas
- The Francis Crick Institute, Mill Hill Laboratory, London, United Kingdom
| | - Vivian S W Li
- The Francis Crick Institute, Mill Hill Laboratory, London, United Kingdom
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17
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A rapid and accurate closed-tube Methylation-Sensitive High Resolution Melting Analysis assay for the semi-quantitative determination of SOX17 promoter methylation in clinical samples. Clin Chim Acta 2015; 444:303-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2015.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2014] [Revised: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of most common malignancies and a leading cause of cancer related deaths worldwide. Epigenetic change is an important mechanism of colorectal carcinogenesis. Accumulation of epigenetic changes was found in colorectal cancer and other tumors. Aberrant changes in DNA methylation, histone modification, imprinting, and noncoding RNAs were frequently found in human colorectal cancer. Epigenetic changes may serve as a diagnostic, prognostic, and chemo-sensitive marker. It also becomes a cancer preventive or therapeutic target in some circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenji Yan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, #28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China
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19
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Silva AL, Dawson SN, Arends MJ, Guttula K, Hall N, Cameron EA, Huang THM, Brenton JD, Tavaré S, Bienz M, Ibrahim AEK. Boosting Wnt activity during colorectal cancer progression through selective hypermethylation of Wnt signaling antagonists. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:891. [PMID: 25432628 PMCID: PMC4265460 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is emerging evidence that Wnt pathway activity may increase during the progression from colorectal adenoma to carcinoma and that this increase is potentially an important step towards the invasive stage. Here, we investigated whether epigenetic silencing of Wnt antagonists is the biological driver for this increased Wnt activity in human tissues and how these methylation changes correlate with MSI (Microsatelite Instability) and CIMP (CpG Island Methylator Phenotype) statuses as well as known mutations in genes driving colorectal neoplasia. METHODS We conducted a systematic analysis by pyrosequencing, to determine the promoter methylation of CpG islands associated with 17 Wnt signaling component genes. Methylation levels were correlated with MSI and CIMP statuses and known mutations within the APC, BRAF and KRAS genes in 264 matched samples representing the progression from normal to pre-invasive adenoma to colorectal carcinoma. RESULTS We discovered widespread hypermethylation of the Wnt antagonists SFRP1, SFRP2, SFRP5, DKK2, WIF1 and SOX17 in the transition from normal to adenoma with only the Wnt antagonists SFRP1, SFRP2, DKK2 and WIF1 showing further significant increase in methylation from adenoma to carcinoma. We show this to be accompanied by loss of expression of these Wnt antagonists, and by an increase in nuclear Wnt pathway activity. Mixed effects models revealed that mutations in APC, BRAF and KRAS occur at the transition from normal to adenoma stages whilst the hypermethylation of the Wnt antagonists continued to accumulate during the transitions from adenoma to carcinoma stages. CONCLUSION Our study provides strong evidence for a correlation between progressive hypermethylation and silencing of several Wnt antagonists with stepping-up in Wnt pathway activity beyond the APC loss associated tumour-initiating Wnt signalling levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ashraf E K Ibrahim
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular Histopathology, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UK.
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20
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Stancikova J, Krausova M, Kolar M, Fafilek B, Svec J, Sedlacek R, Neroldova M, Dobes J, Horazna M, Janeckova L, Vojtechova M, Oliverius M, Jirsa M, Korinek V. NKD1 marks intestinal and liver tumors linked to aberrant Wnt signaling. Cell Signal 2014; 27:245-56. [PMID: 25446263 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2014.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2014] [Revised: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The activity of the Wnt pathway undergoes complex regulation to ensure proper functioning of this principal signaling mechanism during development of adult tissues. The regulation may occur at several levels and includes both positive and negative feedback loops. In the present study we employed one of such negative feedback regulators, naked cuticle homolog 1 (Nkd1), to follow the Wnt pathway activity in the intestine and liver and in neoplasia originated in these organs. Using lineage tracing in transgenic mice we localized Nkd1 mRNA to the bottom parts of the small intestinal crypts and hepatocytes surrounding the central vein of the hepatic lobule. Furthermore, in two mouse models of intestinal tumorigenesis, Nkd1 expression levels were elevated in tumors when compared to healthy tissue. We utilized a collection of human intestinal polyps and carcinomas to confirm that NKD1 represents a robust marker of neoplastic growth. In addition, expression analysis of NKD1 in liver cancer showed that high expression levels of the gene distinguish a subclass of hepatocellular carcinomas related to aberrant Wnt signaling. Finally, our results were confirmed by bioinformatic analysis of large publicly available datasets that included gene expression profiling and high-throughput sequencing data of human colon and liver cancer specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitka Stancikova
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Videnska 1083142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic; Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Albertov 6, 128 43 Praha 2, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Krausova
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Videnska 1083142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Kolar
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Videnska 1083142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Bohumil Fafilek
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Videnska 1083142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Svec
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Videnska 1083142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic; Second Department of Internal Medicine, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Srobarova 50, 100 34 Prague 10, Czech Republic
| | - Radislav Sedlacek
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Videnska 1083142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Magdalena Neroldova
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Videnska 1958/9, 140 21 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Dobes
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Videnska 1083142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Monika Horazna
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Videnska 1083142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Janeckova
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Videnska 1083142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Vojtechova
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Videnska 1083142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Oliverius
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Videnska 1958/9, 140 21 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Jirsa
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Videnska 1958/9, 140 21 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Korinek
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Videnska 1083142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic.
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Zhang H, Zhu YQ, Wu YQ, Zhang P, Jiang J, Yuan L, Li J, Qi J. Value of fecal DNA methylation analysis in early diagnosis of colorectal cancer. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2014; 22:3201-3207. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v22.i22.3201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the role of promoter hypermethylation of Wnt-antagonist genes in fecal DNA as non-invasive biomarkers for early screening of colorectal cancer (CRC).
METHODS: The methylation-specific PCR assay (MSP) was performed to analyze the methylation status of secreted frizzled-related protein (SFRPs) and Wnt inhibitory factor-1 (WIF-1) gene promoters in fecal samples from 83 subjects with colorectal tumors.
RESULTS: Hypermethylation of SFRP1, SFRP2, SFRP5 and WIF-1 in fecal samples was detected in 68.8% (33/48), 56.3% (27/48), 45.8% (22/48) and 60.4% (29/48) of 48 CRCs; 57.1% (20/35), 51.4% (18/35), 37.1% (13/35) and 45.7% (16/35) of adenomas; 21.9% (7/32), 12.5% (4/32), 9.4% (3/32) and 18.8% (6/32) of hyperplastic polyps. The sensitivity and specificity of combined detection of promoter hypermethylation of the four genes for detection of Ducks A stage of CRCs and advanced adenomas were 81.8% (18/22) and 93.3% (28/30), respectively. The promoter hypermethylation status of SFRP1, 2, 5 and WIF-1 in fecal samples had no significant correlation with clinicopathological characteristics (P > 0.05 for all). Compared with fecal occult blood test (FOBT), with a detection rate of 31.8%, hypermethylated Wnt-antagonist genes were detected in 81.8% of Ducks A stage of CRCs and advanced adenomas (P < 0.001).
CONCLUSION: Hypermethylated of SFRP1, SFRP2, SFRP5 and WIF-1 genes in fecal samples are likely to be biomarkers for early detection of colorectal tumors.
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