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Yang Y, Yao Z, Wang H, Jia S, Wang M, Wang S, Yun D. Severe inflammation in C57/BL6 mice leads to prolonged cognitive impairment by initiating the IL-1β/TRPM2 pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 128:111380. [PMID: 38176340 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis could lead to chronic cognitive impairment by unclear molecular mechanisms. Transient receptor potential melastatin-2 (TRPM2) is essential against immunity-related activities and inflammation. Our study attempted to decipher the relationship between cognitive impairment caused by severe inflammation and TRPM2 expression levels. METHODS Severe inflammation was induced by intraperitoneally injecting C57/BL6 mice with a high dosage (5 mg kg-1) of Lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Fear conditioning and a Morris water maze test were performed to examine the cognitive abilities of the mice. Moreover, the signaling and expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and TRPM2 were measured using Western blotting and Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Flow cytometry and immunofluorescence staining helped to determine the astrocyte apoptosis rate. RESULTS Severe inflammation can lead to long-term cognitive impairment in C57/BL6 mice. The interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) levels intra-hippocampus were significantly elevated until P14 post-LPS introduction. At both P7 and P14, there is an up-regulation of TRPM2 expression within hippocampus. Administration of recombinant IL-1β to astrocytes results in a significant up-regulation of TRPM2 expression. IL-1β or TRPM2 level knockdown helped counter the cognitive impairment caused by significant inflammation. CONCLUSIONS A continuous increase in IL-1β levels within the hippocampus can lead to cognitive impairment by enhancing TRPM2 levels caused by severe inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujiao Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China; Department of Anesthesiology, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhihua Yao
- Department of Anesthesiology, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Hushan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Shuaiying Jia
- Department of Anesthesiology, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Mingfei Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Shan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Debo Yun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanchong Central Hospital, Nanchong, Sichuan, China.
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Ünak P, Yasakçı V, Tutun E, Karatay KB, Walczak R, Wawrowicz K, Żelechowska-Matysiak K, Majkowska-Pilip A, Bilewicz A. Multimodal Radiobioconjugates of Magnetic Nanoparticles Labeled with 44Sc and 47Sc for Theranostic Application. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15030850. [PMID: 36986710 PMCID: PMC10053001 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15030850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was performed to synthesize multimodal radiopharmaceutical designed for the diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer. To achieve this goal, superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles were used as a platform for targeting molecule (PSMA-617) and for complexation of two scandium radionuclides, 44Sc for PET imaging and 47Sc for radionuclide therapy. TEM and XPS images showed that the Fe3O4 NPs have a uniform cubic shape and a size from 38 to 50 nm. The Fe3O4 core are surrounded by SiO2 and an organic layer. The saturation magnetization of the SPION core was 60 emu/g. However, coating the SPIONs with silica and polyglycerol reduces the magnetization significantly. The obtained bioconjugates were labeled with 44Sc and 47Sc, with a yield higher than 97%. The radiobioconjugate exhibited high affinity and cytotoxicity toward the human prostate cancer LNCaP (PSMA+) cell line, much higher than for PC-3 (PSMA-) cells. High cytotoxicity of the radiobioconjugate was confirmed by radiotoxicity studies on LNCaP 3D spheroids. In addition, the magnetic properties of the radiobioconjugate should allow for its use in guide drug delivery driven by magnetic field gradient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perihan Ünak
- Department of Nuclear Applications, Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Ege University, Izmir 35100, Turkey
- Correspondence: (P.Ü.); (A.B.)
| | - Volkan Yasakçı
- Department of Nuclear Applications, Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Ege University, Izmir 35100, Turkey
| | - Elif Tutun
- Department of Nuclear Applications, Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Ege University, Izmir 35100, Turkey
| | - K. Buşra Karatay
- Department of Nuclear Applications, Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Ege University, Izmir 35100, Turkey
| | - Rafał Walczak
- Centre of Radiochemistry and Nuclear Chemistry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna 16 St., 03-195 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kamil Wawrowicz
- Centre of Radiochemistry and Nuclear Chemistry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna 16 St., 03-195 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kinga Żelechowska-Matysiak
- Centre of Radiochemistry and Nuclear Chemistry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna 16 St., 03-195 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Majkowska-Pilip
- Centre of Radiochemistry and Nuclear Chemistry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna 16 St., 03-195 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksander Bilewicz
- Centre of Radiochemistry and Nuclear Chemistry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna 16 St., 03-195 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence: (P.Ü.); (A.B.)
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Chakraborty E, Sarkar D. Emerging Therapies for Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC). Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:2798. [PMID: 35681776 PMCID: PMC9179883 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14112798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) arises from hepatocytes and accounts for 90% of primary liver cancer. According to Global Cancer Incidence, Mortality and Prevalence (GLOBOCAN) 2020, globally HCC is the sixth most common cancer and the third most common cause of cancer-related deaths. Reasons for HCC prognosis remaining dismal are that HCC is asymptomatic in its early stages, leading to late diagnosis, and it is markedly resistant to conventional chemo- and radiotherapy. Liver transplantation is the treatment of choice in early stages, while surgical resection, radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and trans arterial chemoembolization (TACE) are Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved treatments for advanced HCC. Additional first line therapy for advanced HCC includes broad-spectrum tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), such as sorafenib and lenvatinib, as well as a combination of immunotherapy and anti-angiogenesis therapy, namely atezolizumab and bevacizumab. However, these strategies provide nominal extension in the survival curve, cause broad spectrum toxic side effects, and patients eventually develop therapy resistance. Some common mutations in HCC, such as in telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT), catenin beta 1 (CTNNB1) and tumor protein p53 (TP53) genes, are still considered to be undruggable. In this context, identification of appropriate gene targets and specific gene delivery approaches create the potential of gene- and immune-based therapies for the safe and effective treatment of HCC. This review elaborates on the current status of HCC treatment by focusing on potential gene targets and advanced techniques, such as oncolytic viral vectors, nanoparticles, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells, immunotherapy, and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9), and describes future prospects in HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eesha Chakraborty
- C. Kenneth and Dianne Wright Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA;
| | - Devanand Sarkar
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Massey Cancer Center, VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
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Bakrania A, Zheng G, Bhat M. Nanomedicine in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A New Frontier in Targeted Cancer Treatment. Pharmaceutics 2021; 14:41. [PMID: 35056937 PMCID: PMC8779722 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14010041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related death and is associated with a dismal median survival of 2-9 months. The fundamental limitations and ineffectiveness of current HCC treatments have led to the development of a vast range of nanotechnologies with the goal of improving the safety and efficacy of treatment for HCC. Although remarkable success has been achieved in nanomedicine research, there are unique considerations such as molecular heterogeneity and concomitant liver dysfunction that complicate the translation of nanotheranostics in HCC. This review highlights the progress, challenges, and targeting opportunities in HCC nanomedicine based on the growing literature in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Bakrania
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada;
- Ajmera Transplant Program, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2N2, Canada
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada;
| | - Gang Zheng
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada;
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Mamatha Bhat
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada;
- Ajmera Transplant Program, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2N2, Canada
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
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Du Y, Liu D, Du Y. Recent advances in hepatocellular carcinoma therapeutic strategies and imaging-guided treatment. J Drug Target 2021; 30:287-301. [PMID: 34727794 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2021.1999963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant cancer in the world, which greatly threatens human health. However, the routine treatment strategies for HCC have failed to specifically eradicate the tumorigenic cells, leading to the occurrence of metastasis and recurrence. To improve treatment efficacies, the development of novel effective technologies is urgently required. Recently, nanotechnologies have gained the extensive attention in cancer targeted therapy, which could provide a promising way for HCC clinical practice. However, a successful cancer management depends on accurate diagnosis of the tumour along with precise therapeutic protocol, thereby predicting the tumour response to existing therapies. The synergistic effect of targeted therapeutic systems and imaging approaches (also called 'imaging-guided cancer treatment') may establish a more effective platform for individual cancer care. This review outlines the recent advanced nano-targeted and -traceable therapeutic strategies for HCC management. The multifunctional nano agents that have both diagnosis and therapy abilities are highlighted. Finally, we conclude with our perspectives on the future development and challenges of HCC nanotheranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Du
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Di Liu
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongzhong Du
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Chan MH, Lu CN, Chung YL, Chang YC, Li CH, Chen CL, Wei DH, Hsiao M. Magnetically guided theranostics: montmorillonite-based iron/platinum nanoparticles for enhancing in situ MRI contrast and hepatocellular carcinoma treatment. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:308. [PMID: 34627267 PMCID: PMC8501633 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-01052-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In Asia, including Taiwan, malignant tumors such as Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) one of the liver cancer is the most diagnosed subtype. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been a typical diagnostic method for accurately diagnosing HCC. When it is difficult to demonstrate non-enhanced MRI of tumors, radiologists can use contrast agents (such as Gd3+, Fe3O4, or FePt) for T1-weighted and T2-weighted imaging remain in the liver for a long time to facilitate diagnosis via MRI. However, it is sometimes difficult for T2-weighted imaging to detect small tumor lesions because the liver tissue may absorb iron ions. This makes early cancer detection a challenging goal. This challenge has prompted current research to create novel nanocomposites for enhancing the noise-to-signal ratio of MRI. To develop a method that can more efficiently diagnose and simultaneously treat HCC during MRI examination, we designed a functionalized montmorillonite (MMT) material with a porous structure to benefit related drugs, such as mitoxantrone (MIT) delivery or as a carrier for the FePt nanoparticles (FePt NPs) to introduce cancer therapy. Multifunctional FePt@MMT can simultaneously visualize HCC by enhancing MRI signals, treating various diseases, and being used as an inducer of magnetic fluid hyperthermia (MFH). After loading the drug MIT, FePt@MMT-MIT provides both MFH treatment and chemotherapy in one nanosystem. These results ultimately prove that functionalized FePt@MMT-MIT could be integrated as a versatile drugs delivery system by combining with MRI, chemotheraeutic drugs, and magnetic guide targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Hsien Chan
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ning Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Michael's College, Colchester, VT, 05439, USA
| | - Yi-Lung Chung
- Graduate Institute of Manufacturing Technology and Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chan Chang
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hsiu Li
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Long Chen
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, 110, Taiwan.
| | - Da-Hua Wei
- Graduate Institute of Manufacturing Technology and Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, 106, Taiwan.
| | - Michael Hsiao
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan.
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan.
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Noninvasive Imaging for Assessment of the Efficacy of Therapeutic Agents for Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Mol Imaging Biol 2021; 22:1455-1468. [PMID: 31834570 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-019-01431-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Morphological imaging techniques are typically used in the anti-cancer drug efficacy evaluation process. However, these techniques can evaluate the therapeutic efficacy only when the tumor shows anatomic changes-usually at later stages, when the therapeutic effects are poor. In contrast, molecular imaging allows noninvasive monitoring of tumor growth, assessment of drug metabolism, and evaluation of therapeutic efficacy at the molecular and cellular levels. Multimodality molecular imaging, which combines the advantages of various imaging modalities, provides even more comprehensive therapeutic efficacy assessment in preclinical and clinical studies. This review provides an overview of molecular imaging evaluation of therapeutic efficacy of the anti-tumor drugs in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) both in preclinical and clinical research, which holds great promise in guiding HCC treatment into the era of precision medicine.
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Magnetic Nanostructures for Cancer Theranostic Applications. CURRENT PATHOBIOLOGY REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s40139-021-00224-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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9
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Lin R, Ma B, Liu N, Zhang L, He T, Liu X, Chen T, Liu W, Liang Y, Wang T, Ni G, Liu X, Yang N, Zhang J, Yuan J. Targeted radioimmunotherapy with the iodine-131-labeled caerin 1.1 peptide for human anaplastic thyroid cancer in nude mice. Ann Nucl Med 2021; 35:811-822. [PMID: 33948902 PMCID: PMC8197720 DOI: 10.1007/s12149-021-01618-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The combination of two or more drugs with different mechanisms is a promising strategy for cancer treatment, and radioimmunotherapy (RIT) is a trending antitumor strategy. Radiotherapy (RT) can promote and activate antitumor immune effects, and immunotherapy can strengthen the effects of selective internal radiotherapy (SIRT); the RIT combination is synergistic and can overcome the adverse side effects of monotherapy. In this study, we developed a radioimmunoconjugate (RIC)-the iodine-131 (131I)-labeled caerin 1.1 peptide-to treat human anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC). METHODS Antitumor activity of caerin 1.1 peptide was determined by MTT assay, plate colony formation and cell wound scratch assays, and the mechanism of the inhibition of carein 1.1 peptide on the growth of CAL-62 cells was identified by cell cycle and western blot. Then, we investigated the efficacy of the caerin 1.1 peptide as a single drug and the 131I-labeled caerin 1.1 peptide for ATC. H&E and TUNEL staining was performed to detect dead cells in the tumor tissue sections. RESULTS We found that caerin 1.1 arrested cells in the S phase to induce apoptosis and inhibited tumor growth to inhibit phosphorylation of Akt. In vivo, the iodine-131 (131I)-labeled caerin 1.1 peptide achieved better antitumor efficacy than radiotherapy alone and showed a good biosafety profile. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates for the first time that the iodine-131 (131I)-labeled caerin 1.1 peptide can inhibit CAL-62 tumor growth and migration. The iodine-131 (131I)-labeled caerin 1.1 peptide, which represents a radioimmunotherapy strategy based on the combination of SIRT with a peptide-drug conjugate, could provide a treatment means for the radical cure of ATC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoting Lin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital/Clinical Medical School, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Bowei Ma
- Department of TCM Resident Training, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, Guangdong, China
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital/Clinical Medical School, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital/Clinical Medical School, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Tiantian He
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital/Clinical Medical School, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiongying Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital/Clinical Medical School, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Tongsheng Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital/Clinical Medical School, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenjuan Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital/Clinical Medical School, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Yongnan Liang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital/Clinical Medical School, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Tianfang Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital/Clinical Medical School, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
- Genecology Research Centre, University of Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, QLD, 4558, Australia
| | - Guoying Ni
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital/Clinical Medical School, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
- Genecology Research Centre, University of Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, QLD, 4558, Australia
| | - Xiaosong Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital/Clinical Medical School, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
- The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China
- Genecology Research Centre, University of Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, QLD, 4558, Australia
| | - Ning Yang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital/Clinical Medical School, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinhe Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, General Hospital of the Southern Theatre Command, People's Liberation Army of China, Guangzhou, 510010, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianwei Yuan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital/Clinical Medical School, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China.
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Nicolson F, Kircher MF. Theranostics: Agents for Diagnosis and Therapy. Mol Imaging 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-816386-3.00040-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Aminosilanized flower-structured superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles coupled to 131I-labeled CC49 antibody for combined radionuclide and hyperthermia therapy of cancer. Int J Pharm 2020; 587:119628. [PMID: 32681867 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Combined radionuclide therapy with magnetic nanoparticles-mediated hyperthermia has been under research focus as a promising tumor therapy approach. The objective of this study was to investigate the potential of 131I-radiolabeled superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) prepared as the ~40 nm flower-shaped structures with excellent heating efficiency (specific absorption rate at H0 = 15.9 kA∙m-1 and resonant frequency of 252 kHz was 123.1 W∙g-1) for nano-brachytherapy of tumors. 131I-radiolabeled CC49 antibody attached to SPIONs via reactive groups of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) provided specificity and long-lasting localized retention after their intratumoral application into LS174T human colon adenocarcinoma xenografts in NOD-SCID mice. The results demonstrate feasibility and effectiveness of magnetic hyperthermia (HT), radionuclide therapy (RT) and their combination (HT + RT) in treating cancer in xenograft models. Combined therapy approach induced a significant (p < 0.01) tumor growth suppression in comparison to untreated groups presented by the tumor volume inhibitory rate (TVIR): 54.38%, 68.77%, 73.00% for HT, RT and HT + RT, respectively in comparison to untreated group and 48.31%, 64,62% and 69,41%, respectively, for the SPIONs-only injected group. Histopathology analysis proved the necrosis and apoptosis in treated tumors without general toxicity. Obtained data support the idea that nano-brachytherapy combined with hyperthermia is a promising approach for effective cancer treatment.
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Abstract
Molecular imaging enables both spatial and temporal understanding of the complex biologic systems underlying carcinogenesis and malignant spread. Single-photon emission tomography (SPECT) is a versatile nuclear imaging-based technique with ideal properties to study these processes in vivo in small animal models, as well as to identify potential drug candidates and characterize their antitumor action and potential adverse effects. Small animal SPECT and SPECT-CT (single-photon emission tomography combined with computer tomography) systems continue to evolve, as do the numerous SPECT radiopharmaceutical agents, allowing unprecedented sensitivity and quantitative molecular imaging capabilities. Several of these advances, their specific applications in oncology as well as new areas of exploration are highlighted in this chapter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin L Franc
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, H2232, MC 5281, Stanford, CA, 94305-5105, USA.
| | - Youngho Seo
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Robert Flavell
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Carina Mari Aparici
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, H2232, MC 5281, Stanford, CA, 94305-5105, USA
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Mulens-Arias V, Rojas JM, Sanz-Ortega L, Portilla Y, Pérez-Yagüe S, Barber DF. Polyethylenimine-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles impair in vitro and in vivo angiogenesis. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2019; 21:102063. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2019.102063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Reghupaty SC, Sarkar D. Current Status of Gene Therapy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11091265. [PMID: 31466358 PMCID: PMC6770843 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11091265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer related deaths world-wide. Liver transplantation, surgical resection, trans-arterial chemoembolization, and radio frequency ablation are effective strategies to treat early stage HCC. Unfortunately, HCC is usually diagnosed at an advanced stage and there are not many treatment options for late stage HCC. First-line therapy for late stage HCC includes sorafenib and lenvatinib. However, these treatments provide only an approximate three month increase in survival. Besides, they cannot specifically target cancer cells that lead to a wide array of side effects. Patients on these drugs develop resistance within a few months and have to rely on second-line therapy that includes regorafenib, pembrolizumab, nivolumab, and cabometyx. These disadvantages make gene therapy approach to treat HCC an attractive option. The two important questions that researchers have been trying to answer in the last 2-3 decades are what genes should be targeted and what delivery systems should be used. The objective of this review is to analyze the changing landscape of HCC gene therapy, with a focus on these two questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saranya Chidambaranathan Reghupaty
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Massey Cancer Center, VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Devanand Sarkar
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Massey Cancer Center, VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.
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Zhang C, Yan L, Gu Z, Zhao Y. Strategies based on metal-based nanoparticles for hypoxic-tumor radiotherapy. Chem Sci 2019; 10:6932-6943. [PMID: 31588260 PMCID: PMC6676466 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc02107h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy (RT) is one of the most effective and frequent clinical cancer treatments. Nevertheless, RT can cause damage to normal tissues around tumors under high-dose ionizing radiation. Inspired by versatile metal-based nanomaterials, great efforts have been devoted to developing nanomaterials with high-Z metal elements as radiosensitizers by depositing more energy into tumors for RT enhancement. However, these metal-based nanomaterial-mediated RTs are highly O2-dependent. Unfortunately, O2 concentrations within the majority of solid tumors exhibit low levels, which seriously hampers the antitumor efficacy of these nanomaterials during RT. Therefore, the development of novel metal-based nanomaterials as radiosensitizers capable of avoiding the radioresistance induced by tumor hypoxia is highly desirable and important. Currently, the most effective approaches to reverse the radioresistance of hypoxic tumors are to introduce nanomaterials with O2-elevating ability by delivering exogenous O2, generating O2 in situ, increasing intratumoral blood flow, or reducing HIF-1 expression to harness the O2 level in solid tumors. Besides these, recently, some innovative and simple strategies by employing nanoradiosensitizers with diminished oxygen dependence have also been applied to combat unmet hypoxic challenges, in which nanoradiosensitizers can target tumor hypoxia for selective RT, enhance oxygen-independent ROS generation, or combine with non-oxygen dependent cancer therapies for synergistic treatments. These approaches and strategies provide new avenues for enhanced hypoxic-tumor RT. Nevertheless, an overall review aiming specifically at these strategies is still rare. Herein, we present an overview about recent advances in metal-based nanomaterials for hypoxic-tumor RT, and give a detailed discussion about the design and working mechanisms of these strategies in their application of RT. Finally, current challenges and future perspectives are also pointed out in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyang Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety , Institute of High Energy Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China .
- College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Liang Yan
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety , Institute of High Energy Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China .
| | - Zhanjun Gu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety , Institute of High Energy Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China .
- College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Yuliang Zhao
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China .
- College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
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Abstract
Radiation therapy has made tremendous progress in oncology over the last decades due to advances in engineering and physical sciences in combination with better biochemical, genetic and molecular understanding of this disease. Local delivery of optimal radiation dose to a tumor, while sparing healthy surrounding tissues, remains a great challenge, especially in the proximity of vital organs. Therefore, imaging plays a key role in tumor staging, accurate target volume delineation, assessment of individual radiation resistance and even personalized dose prescription. From this point of view, radiotherapy might be one of the few therapeutic modalities that relies entirely on high-resolution imaging. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with its superior soft-tissue resolution is already used in radiotherapy treatment planning complementing conventional computed tomography (CT). Development of systems integrating MRI and linear accelerators opens possibilities for simultaneous imaging and therapy, which in turn, generates the need for imaging probes with therapeutic components. In this review, we discuss the role of MRI in both external and internal radiotherapy focusing on the most important examples of contrast agents with combined therapeutic potential.
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Xie J, Gong L, Zhu S, Yong Y, Gu Z, Zhao Y. Emerging Strategies of Nanomaterial-Mediated Tumor Radiosensitization. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1802244. [PMID: 30156333 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201802244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Nano-radiosensitization has been a hot concept for the past ten years, and the nanomaterial-mediated tumor radiosensitization method is mainly focused on increasing intracellular radiation deposition by high atomic number (high Z) nanomaterials, particularly gold (Au)-mediated radiation enhancement. Recently, various new nanomaterial-mediated radiosensitive approaches have been successively reported, such as catalyzing reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, consuming intracellular reduced glutathione (GSH), overcoming tumor hypoxia, and various synergistic radiotherapy ways. These strategies may open a new avenue for enhancing the radiotherapeutic effect and avoiding its side effects. Nevertheless, reviews systematically summarizing these newly emerging methods and their radiosensitive mechanisms are still rare. Therefore, the general strategies of nanomaterial-mediated tumor radiosensitization are comprehensively summarized, particularly aiming at introducing the emerging radiosensitive methods. The strategies are divided into three general parts. First, methods on account of the intrinsic radiosensitive properties of nanoradiosensitizers for radiosensitization are highlighted. Then, newly developed synergistic strategies based on multifunctional nanomaterials for enhancing radiotherapy efficacy are emphasized. Third, nanomaterial-mediated radioprotection approaches for increasing the radiotherapeutic ratio are discussed. Importantly, the clinical translation of nanomaterial-mediated tumor radiosensitization is also covered. Finally, further challenges and outlooks in this field are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiani Xie
- Prof. Z. Gu, Prof. Y. Zhao, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Linji Gong
- Prof. Z. Gu, Prof. Y. Zhao, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shuang Zhu
- Prof. Z. Gu, Prof. Y. Zhao, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yuan Yong
- Prof. Z. Gu, Prof. Y. Zhao, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhanjun Gu
- Prof. Z. Gu, Prof. Y. Zhao, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yuliang Zhao
- Prof. Z. Gu, Prof. Y. Zhao, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
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18
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Yu Q, Xiong XQ, Zhao L, Xu TT, Bi H, Fu R, Wang QH. Biodistribution and Toxicity Assessment of Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles In Vitro and In Vivo. Curr Med Sci 2018; 38:1096-1102. [DOI: 10.1007/s11596-018-1989-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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19
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Molecular Imaging with 68Ga Radio-Nanomaterials: Shedding Light on Nanoparticles. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/app8071098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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20
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21
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Xue Y, Li T, Liu S, Zhu YY, Wang G, Fu L, Chen L. Effects of Triple Effective RNA (teRNA) on the Inhibition of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells. J Cancer 2017; 8:3903-3915. [PMID: 29151979 PMCID: PMC5688945 DOI: 10.7150/jca.20958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The occurrence and development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a complicate process involved in genetic mutation and epigenetic regulation. Successful HCC therapy needs multi-targets be involved. The aim of this study was to provide a triple effective RNA (teRNA) which composed of the specific siRNAs targeting NET-1 and VEGF and dsRNA activating TLR3, and explored its anti-HCC roles and mechanism. Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), Western blot, immunofluorescence staining, MTT, Annexin V-FITC flow cytometry, Transwell and in-vitro Angiogenesis assay were used to measure the cell biological functions and protein expression analysis. Furthermore in in-vivo mouse model, teRNA inhibited tumor growth were detected by immunohistochemistry and TUNEL assay. Results showed that the proliferation, migration and angiogenesis of HCC cells were inhibited by teRNA effectively, the cell apoptosis also was induced, and further tumor growth was suppressed in-vivo. The gene silencing mechanism of teRNA was in an Ago2-dependent manner with no interferon response. The study suggests that NET-1, VEGF and TLR3 might be better targets for HCC treatment and combined these targets in form of a multi-target small RNA, teRNA could be a stagey for the development of anti-HCC drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwen Xue
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Tiejun Li
- Small RNA Technology and Application Institute, Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Biomics Biotechnologies Co., Ltd., Nantong, China
| | - Shuyan Liu
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - York Yuanyuan Zhu
- Small RNA Technology and Application Institute, Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Biomics Biotechnologies Co., Ltd., Nantong, China
| | - Guilan Wang
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Luyu Fu
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Nantong University, Nantong, China
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Abstract
The fields of biomedical nanotechnology and theranostics have enjoyed exponential growth in recent years. The "Molecular Imaging in Nanotechnology and Theranostics" (MINT) Interest Group of the World Molecular Imaging Society (WMIS) was created in order to provide a more organized and focused forum on these topics within the WMIS and at the World Molecular Imaging Conference (WMIC). The interest group was founded in 2015 and was officially inaugurated during the 2016 WMIC. The overarching goal of MINT is to bring together the many scientists who work on molecular imaging approaches using nanotechnology and those that work on theranostic agents. MINT therefore represents scientists, labs, and institutes that are very diverse in their scientific backgrounds and areas of expertise, reflecting the wide array of materials and approaches that drive these fields. In this short review, we attempt to provide a condensed overview over some of the key areas covered by MINT. Given the breadth of the fields and the given space constraints, we have limited the coverage to the realm of nanoconstructs, although theranostics is certainly not limited to this domain. We will also focus only on the most recent developments of the last 3-5 years, in order to provide the reader with an intuition of what is "in the pipeline" and has potential for clinical translation in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrysafis Andreou
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Suchetan Pal
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Lara Rotter
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Jiang Yang
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Moritz F Kircher
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Nanotechnology (CMINT), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
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Qiao W, Zhao L, Wu S, Liu C, Guo L, Xing Y, Zhao J. SPECT imaging and radionuclide therapy of glioma using 131I labeled Buthus martensii Karsch chlorotoxin. J Neurooncol 2017; 133:287-295. [PMID: 28488065 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-017-2456-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Gliomas, the most prevalent type of brain tumor in adults, are associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality. Recent studies on 131I labeled scorpion toxins suggest they can be developed as tumor-specific agents for glioma diagnosis and treatment. This study investigated the potential of 131I labeled Buthus martensii Karsch chlorotoxin (131I-BmK CT) as a new approach for targeted imaging and therapy of glioma. The results showed that 131I can be successfully linked to BmK CT with satisfactory radiochemical purity and stability and that 131I-BmK CT markedly inhibited glioma cell growth in a dose and time dependent manner, with significant accumulation in glioma cells in vitro. Persistent intratumoral radioiodine retention and specific accumulation of 131I-BmK CT were observed in C6 glioma tumor, which was clearly visualized by SPECT imaging. Both intratumoral and intravenous injections of 131I-BmK CT could result in significant tumor inhibition efficacy and prolonging the lifetime of tumor-bearing mice. Based on these promising results, it is concluded that 131I-BmK CT has the potential to be explored as a novel tool for SPECT imaging and radionuclide therapy of glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Qiao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai, 200080, China
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Lingzhou Zhao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Shan Wu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Changcun Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Lilei Guo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Yan Xing
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Jinhua Zhao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai, 200080, China.
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China.
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Goel S, England CG, Chen F, Cai W. Positron emission tomography and nanotechnology: A dynamic duo for cancer theranostics. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2017; 113:157-176. [PMID: 27521055 PMCID: PMC5299094 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Development of novel imaging probes for cancer diagnosis is critical for early disease detection and management. The past two decades have witnessed a surge in the development and evolution of radiolabeled nanoparticles as a new frontier in personalized cancer nanomedicine. The dynamic synergism of positron emission tomography (PET) and nanotechnology combines the sensitivity and quantitative nature of PET with the multifunctionality and tunability of nanomaterials, which can help overcome certain key challenges in the field. In this review, we discuss the recent advances in radionanomedicine, exemplifying the ability to tailor the physicochemical properties of nanomaterials to achieve optimal in vivo pharmacokinetics and targeted molecular imaging in living subjects. Innovations in development of facile and robust radiolabeling strategies and biomedical applications of such radionanoprobes in cancer theranostics are highlighted. Imminent issues in clinical translation of radiolabeled nanomaterials are also discussed, with emphasis on multidisciplinary efforts needed to quickly move these promising agents from bench to bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreya Goel
- Materials Science Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Christopher G England
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53792, USA.
| | - Weibo Cai
- Materials Science Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53792, USA; University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI 53792, USA.
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25
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Scarabel L, Perrone F, Garziera M, Farra R, Grassi M, Musiani F, Russo Spena C, Salis B, De Stefano L, Toffoli G, Rizzolio F, Tonon F, Abrami M, Chiarappa G, Pozzato G, Forte G, Grassi G, Dapas B. Strategies to optimize siRNA delivery to hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2017; 14:797-810. [DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2017.1292247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Scarabel
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, C.R.O. National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
| | - Francesca Perrone
- Department of Life Sciences, Cattinara University Hospital, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Marica Garziera
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, C.R.O. National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
| | - Rossella Farra
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Mario Grassi
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Francesco Musiani
- Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Concetta Russo Spena
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, C.R.O. National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
| | - Barbara Salis
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, C.R.O. National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
| | - Lucia De Stefano
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, C.R.O. National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Toffoli
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, C.R.O. National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
| | - Flavio Rizzolio
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, C.R.O. National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
| | - Federica Tonon
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Michela Abrami
- Department of Life Sciences, Cattinara University Hospital, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Gianluca Chiarappa
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Gabriele Pozzato
- Department of ‘Scienze Mediche, Chirurgiche e della Salute’, Cattinara University Hospital, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Forte
- Center for Translational Medicine, International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Gabriele Grassi
- Department of Life Sciences, Cattinara University Hospital, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
- Department of ‘Scienze Mediche, Chirurgiche e della Salute’, Cattinara University Hospital, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Barbara Dapas
- Department of Life Sciences, Cattinara University Hospital, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
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Orci LA, Oldani G, Lacotte S, Slits F, Friedli I, Wirth W, Toso C, Vallée JP, Crowe LA. Dynamic Volume Assessment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Rat Livers Using a Clinical 3T MRI and Novel Segmentation. J INVEST SURG 2017; 31:44-53. [PMID: 28107094 DOI: 10.1080/08941939.2016.1276987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In vivo liver cancer research commonly uses rodent models. One of the limitations of such models is the lack of accurate and reproducible endpoints for a dynamic assessment of growing tumor nodules. The aim of this study was to validate a noninvasive, true volume segmentation method using two rat hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) models, correlating magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with histological volume measurement, and with blood levels of α-fetoprotein. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used 3T clinical MRI to quantify tumor volume with follow-up over time. Using two distinct rat HCC models, calculated MRI tumor volumes were correlated with volumes from histological sections, or with blood levels of α-fetoprotein. Eleven rats, comprising six Buffalo rats (n = 9 scans) and five Fischer rats (n = 14 tumors), were injected in the portal vein with 2.5 × 105 and 2.0 × 106 syngeneic HCC cells, respectively. Longitudinal (T1) relaxation time- and transverse (T2) relaxation time-weighted MR images were acquired. RESULTS The three-dimensional (3D) T1-weighted gradient echo had 0.35-mm isotropic resolution allowing accurate semi-automatic volume segmentation. 2D T2-weighted imaging provided high tumor contrast. Segmentation of combined 3D gradient echo T1-weighted images and 2D turbo spin echo T2-weighted images provided excellent correlation with histology (y = 0.866x + 0.034, R² = 0.997 p < .0001) and with α-fetoprotein (y = 0.736x + 1.077, R² = 0.976, p < .0001). There was robust inter- and intra-observer reproducibility (intra-class correlation coefficient > 0.998, p < .0001). CONCLUSIONS We have developed a novel, noninvasive contrast imaging protocol which enables semi-automatic 3D volume quantification to analyze nonspherical tumor nodules and to follow up the growth of tumor nodules over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo A Orci
- a Divisions of Abdominal and Transplantation Surgery, Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Centre, Department of Surgery , University Hospitals of Geneva and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva , Geneva , Switzerland
| | - Graziano Oldani
- a Divisions of Abdominal and Transplantation Surgery, Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Centre, Department of Surgery , University Hospitals of Geneva and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva , Geneva , Switzerland
| | - Stephanie Lacotte
- a Divisions of Abdominal and Transplantation Surgery, Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Centre, Department of Surgery , University Hospitals of Geneva and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva , Geneva , Switzerland
| | - Florence Slits
- a Divisions of Abdominal and Transplantation Surgery, Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Centre, Department of Surgery , University Hospitals of Geneva and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva , Geneva , Switzerland
| | - Iris Friedli
- b Division of Radiology , University Hospitals of Geneva and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva , Geneva , Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang Wirth
- c Institute of Anatomy, Paracelsus Medical University , Salzburg , Austria
| | - Christian Toso
- a Divisions of Abdominal and Transplantation Surgery, Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Centre, Department of Surgery , University Hospitals of Geneva and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva , Geneva , Switzerland
| | - Jean-Paul Vallée
- b Division of Radiology , University Hospitals of Geneva and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva , Geneva , Switzerland
| | - Lindsey A Crowe
- b Division of Radiology , University Hospitals of Geneva and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva , Geneva , Switzerland
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Rasaneh S, Dadras MR. The possibility of using magnetic nanoparticles to increase the therapeutic efficiency of Herceptin antibody. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 60:485-90. [PMID: 26146093 DOI: 10.1515/bmt-2014-0192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Herceptin is an expensive humanized antibody used for the treatment of early-stage breast cancers. This antibody can cause cardiotoxicity in some patients. In this study, we evaluated the possibility of increasing the therapeutic efficacy of Herceptin by combining magnetic nanoparticles and a permanent magnet for more accumulation in the tumor site. METHODS Herceptin magnetic nanoparticles (HMNs) were synthesized and some of their characteristics, such as stability, magnetization, particle size by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and dynamic light scattering (DLS) technique, were measured. The biodistribution study was checked in mice bearing breast tumor with and without a permanent magnet on the position of the tumor. The therapeutic effects of HMNs were considered in this condition. RESULTS The size distribution of HMNs determined by the DLS technique was 182±7 nm and the average size by TEM was 100±10 nm. The reductions of 81% and 98% in the mean tumor volume for the group that received HMNs with magnetic field were observed at 42 and 45 days after injection, respectively. CONCLUSION The good results in mice indicated that Herceptin-loaded iron oxide nanoparticles with external magnetic field have good potential for use in humans as a targeted drug delivery that needs more investigation.
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Sarisozen C, Salzano G, Torchilin VP. Recent advances in siRNA delivery. Biomol Concepts 2016; 6:321-41. [PMID: 26609865 DOI: 10.1515/bmc-2015-0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In the 1990s an unexpected gene-silencing phenomena in plants, the later called RNA interference (RNAi), perplexed scientists. Following the proof of activity in mammalian cells, small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) have quickly crept into biomedical research as a new powerful tool for the potential treatment of different human diseases based on altered gene expression. In the past decades, several promising data from ongoing clinical trials have been reported. However, despite surprising successes in many pre-clinical studies, concrete obstacles still need to be overcome to translate therapeutic siRNAs into clinical reality. Here, we provide an update on the recent advances of RNAi-based therapeutics and highlight novel synthetic platforms for the intracellular delivery of siRNAs.
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Cheng Y, Zhu J, Zhao L, Xiong Z, Tang Y, Liu C, Guo L, Qiao W, Shi X, Zhao J. 131I-labeled multifunctional dendrimers modified with BmK CT for targeted SPECT imaging and radiotherapy of gliomas. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2016; 11:1253-66. [PMID: 26940668 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2016-0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The poly(amidoamine) dendrimers modified with Buthus martensii Karsch chlorotoxin (BmK CT) were developed as a 131I delivery system for glioma-targeted imaging and therapy. Materials & methods: Dendrimers before and after labeling 131I were synthetized and their physicochemical properties were tested. The targeting and therapeutic efficacy of 131I-G5.NHAc-HPAO-(PEG-BmK CT)-(mPEG) dendrimer against glioma was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Results: All the dendrimers were stable under different conditions. BmK CT modification increased the cellular uptake of dendrimers in C6 glioma cells, but not in the normal RLE-6TN cells. 131I-G5.NHAc-HPAO-(PEG-BmK CT)-(mPEG) dendrimer was radiochemically pure and could be applied in glioma-targeting single-photon emission CT (SPECT) imaging and radiotherapy. Conclusion: 131I-G5.NHAc-HPAO-(PEG-BmK CT)-(mPEG) complex is a promising multifunctional nanoplatform for glioma-specific nuclear imaging and radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjun Cheng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200080, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyi Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers & Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science & Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingzhou Zhao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200080, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhijuan Xiong
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Yueqin Tang
- Experiment Center, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200080, People's Republic of China
| | - Changcun Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200080, People's Republic of China
| | - Lilei Guo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200080, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenli Qiao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200080, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangyang Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers & Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science & Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinhua Zhao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200080, People's Republic of China
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Wang K, Kievit FM, Sham JG, Jeon M, Stephen ZR, Bakthavatsalam A, Park JO, Zhang M. Iron-Oxide-Based Nanovector for Tumor Targeted siRNA Delivery in an Orthotopic Hepatocellular Carcinoma Xenograft Mouse Model. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2016; 12:477-87. [PMID: 26641029 PMCID: PMC4829640 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201501985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2015] [Revised: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the deadliest cancers worldwide. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) holds promise as a new class of therapeutics for HCC, as it can achieve sequence-specific gene knockdown with low cytotoxicity. However, the main challenge in the clinical application of siRNA lies in the lack of effective delivery approaches that need to be highly specific and thus incur low or no systemic toxicity. Here, a nonviral nanoparticle-based gene carrier is presented that can specifically deliver siRNA to HCC. The nanovector (NP-siRNA-GPC3 Ab) is made of an iron oxide core coated with chitosan-polyethylene glycol (PEG) grafted polyethyleneimine copolymer, which is further functionalized with siRNA and conjugated with a monoclonal antibody (Ab) against human glypican-3 (GPC3) receptor highly expressed in HCC. A rat RH7777 HCC cell line that coexpresses human GPC3 and firefly luciferase (Luc) is established to evaluate the nanovector. The nanoparticle-mediated delivery of siRNA against Luc effectively suppresses Luc expression in vitro without notable cytotoxicity. Significantly, NP-siLuc-GPC3 Ab administered intravenously in an orthotopic model of HCC is able to specifically bound to tumor and induce remarkable inhibition of Luc expression. The findings demonstrate the potential of using this nanovector for targeted delivery of therapeutic siRNA to HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kui Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Forrest M Kievit
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Jonathan G Sham
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Mike Jeon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Zachary R Stephen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | | | - James O Park
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Miqin Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
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Varshosaz J, Farzan M. Nanoparticles for targeted delivery of therapeutics and small interfering RNAs in hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:12022-12041. [PMID: 26576089 PMCID: PMC4641122 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i42.12022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Revised: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the 5th most common malignancy which is responsible for more than half million annual mortalities; also, it is the third leading cause of cancer related death. Unfavorable systemic side-effects of chemotherapeutic agents and susceptibility to the degradation of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), which can knock down a specific gene involved in the disease, have hampered their clinical application. So, it could be beneficial to develop an efficient carrier for the stabilization and specific delivery of drugs and siRNA to cells. Targeted nanoparticles have gained considerable attention as an efficient drug and gene delivery system, which is due to their capability in achieving the highest accumulation of cytotoxic agents in tumor tissue, modifiable drug pharmacokinetic- and bio-distribution, improved effectiveness of treatment, and limited side-effects. Recent studies have shed more light on the advantages of novel drug loaded carrier systems vs free drugs. Most of the animal studies have reported improvement in treatment efficacy and survival rate using novel carrier systems. Targeted delivery may be achieved passively or actively. In passive targeting, no ligand as homing device is used, while targeting is achieved by incorporating the therapeutic agent into a macromolecule or nanoparticle that passively reaches the target organ. However, in active targeting, the therapeutic agent or carrier system is conjugated to a tissue or cell-specific receptor which is over-expressed in a special malignancy using a ligand called a homing device. This review covers a broad spectrum of targeted nanoparticles as therapeutic and non-viral siRNA delivery systems, which are developed for enhanced cellular uptake and targeted gene silencing in vitro and in vivo and their characteristics and opportunities for the clinical applications of drugs and therapeutic siRNA are discussed in this article. Asialoglycoprotein receptors, low-density lipoprotein, ganglioside GM1 cell surface ligand, epidermal growth factor receptor receptors, monoclonal antibodies, retinoic acid receptors, integrin receptors targeted by Arg-Gly-Asp peptide, folate, and transferrin receptors are the most widely studied cell surface receptors which are used for the site specific delivery of drugs and siRNA-based therapeutics in HCC and discussed in detail in this article.
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Zhao L, Zhu J, Cheng Y, Xiong Z, Tang Y, Guo L, Shi X, Zhao J. Chlorotoxin-Conjugated Multifunctional Dendrimers Labeled with Radionuclide 131I for Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography Imaging and Radiotherapy of Gliomas. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:19798-19808. [PMID: 26291070 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b05836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Chlorotoxin-conjugated multifunctional dendrimers labeled with radionuclide 131I were synthesized and utilized for targeted single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging and radiotherapy of cancer. In this study, generation five amine-terminated poly(amidoamine) dendrimers were used as a platform to be sequentially conjugated with polyethylene glycol (PEG), targeting agent chlorotoxin (CTX), and 3-(4'-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid-OSu (HPAO). This was followed by acetylation of the remaining dendrimer terminal amines and radiolabeling with 131I to form the targeted theranostic dendrimeric nanoplatform. We show that the dendrimer platform possessing approximately 7.7 CTX and 21.1 HPAO moieties on each dendrimer displays excellent cytocompatibility in a given concentration range (0-20 μM) and can specifically target cancer cells overexpressing matrix metallopeptidase 2 (MMP2) due to the attached CTX. With the attached HPAO moiety having the phenol group, the dendrimer platform can be effectively labeled with radioactive 131I with good stability and high radiochemical purity. Importantly, the 131I labeling renders the dendrimer platform with an ability to be used for targeted SPECT imaging and radiotherapy of an MMP2-overexpressing glioma model in vivo. The developed radiolabeled multifunctional dendrimeric nanoplatform may hold great promise to be used for targeted theranostics of human gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingzhou Zhao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University , Shanghai 200080, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyi Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University , Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongjun Cheng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University , Shanghai 200080, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhijuan Xiong
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University , Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Yueqin Tang
- Experiment Center, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University , Shanghai 200080, People's Republic of China
| | - Lilei Guo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University , Shanghai 200080, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangyang Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University , Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University , Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinhua Zhao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University , Shanghai 200080, People's Republic of China
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Bergs JWJ, Wacker MG, Hehlgans S, Piiper A, Multhoff G, Rödel C, Rödel F. The role of recent nanotechnology in enhancing the efficacy of radiation therapy. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2015; 1856:130-43. [PMID: 26142869 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2015.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Revised: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Radiation therapy is one of the most commonly used non-surgical interventions in tumor treatment and is often combined with other modalities to enhance its efficacy. Despite recent advances in radiation oncology, treatment responses, however, vary considerably between individual patients. A variety of approaches have been developed to enhance radiation response or to counteract resistance to ionizing radiation. Among them, a relatively novel class of radiation sensitizers comprises nanoparticles (NPs) which are highly efficient and selective systems in the nanometer range. NPs can either encapsulate radiation sensitizing agents, thereby protecting them from degradation, or sensitize cancer cells to ionizing radiation via their physicochemical properties, e.g. high Z number. Moreover, they can be chemically modified for active molecular targeting and the imaging of tumors. In this review we will focus on recent developments in nanotechnology, different classes and modifications of NPs and their radiation sensitizing properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith W J Bergs
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Goethe-University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) partner site: Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Matthias G Wacker
- Fraunhofer-Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Stephanie Hehlgans
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Goethe-University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Albrecht Piiper
- Department of Medicine I, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Gabriele Multhoff
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) partner site: Frankfurt, Germany; Department of Radiation Oncology, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Str. 22, D-81675 Munich, Germany; Clinical Cooperation Group (CCG) "Innate Immunity in Tumor Biology", Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health Munich, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Claus Rödel
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Goethe-University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) partner site: Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Franz Rödel
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Goethe-University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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DNA Polymerases as targets for gene therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:325. [PMID: 25924900 PMCID: PMC4423151 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1339-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatocyte carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide. Despite many achievements in diagnosis and treatment, HCC mortality remains high due to the malignant nature of the disease. Novel approaches, especially for targeted therapy, are being extensively explored. Gene therapy is ideal for such purpose for its specific expression of exogenous genes in HCC cells driven by tissue-specific promoter. However strategies based on correction of mutations or altered expressions of genes responsible for the development/progression of HCC have limitations because these aberrant molecules are not presented in all cancerous cells. In the current work, we adopted a novel strategy by targeting the DNA replication step which is essential for proliferation of every cancer cell. Methods A recombinant adenovirus with alpha fetoprotein (AFP) promoter-controlled expressions of artificial microRNAs targeting DNA polymerases α, δ, ε and recombinant active Caspase 3, namely Ad/AFP-Casp-AFP-amiR, was constructed. Results The artificial microRNAs could efficiently inhibit the expression of the target polymerases in AFP-positive HCC cells at both RNA and protein levels, and HCC cells treated with the recombinant virus Ad/AFP-Casp-AFP-amiR exhibited significant G0/1 phase arrest. The proliferation of HCC cells were significantly inhibited by Ad/AFP-Casp-AFP-amiR with increased apoptosis. On the contrary, the recombinant adenovirus Ad/AFP-Casp-AFP-amiR did not inhibit the expression of DNA polymerases α, δ or ε in AFP-negative human normal liver cell HL7702, and showed no effect on the cell cycle progression, proliferation or apoptosis. Conclusions Inhibition of DNA polymerases α, δ and ε by AFP promoter-driven artificial microRNAs may lead to effective growth arrest of AFP-positive HCC cells, which may represent a novel strategy for gene therapy by targeting the genes that are essential for the growth/proliferation of cancer cells, avoiding the limitations set by any of the individually altered gene.
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Shen Y, Ma Z, Chen F, Dong Q, Hu Q, Bai L, Chen J. Effective photothermal chemotherapy with docetaxel-loaded gold nanospheres in advanced prostate cancer. J Drug Target 2015; 23:568-76. [DOI: 10.3109/1061186x.2015.1018910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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