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Li C, Zhang W, Fang T, Li N, Wang Y, He L, He H. Identification of the Prognostic Value Among Suppressor Of Cytokine Signaling Family Members in Kidney Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:585000. [PMID: 34926570 PMCID: PMC8674660 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.585000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) has become one of the most prevalent malignancies worldwide and remains a crucial cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality. Aberrant activation of the JAK/STAT pathway acts as an important role in KIRC. The suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) family members are the key negative regulators of the JAK/STAT pathway. SOCS family members have been verified to act as significant roles in regulating cellular responses to many cytokines and growth factors. However, whether the expression levels of SOCS affect the prognosis of patients with KIRC is still elusive. Methods: We first evaluated the expression of SOCS family genes in KIRC and determined the correlation between SOCS expression and different clinicopathological features. Then, we analyzed the genetic alterations, potential functions, transcription factor targets, and immune infiltration of SOCS family members based on the information available on public databases. Finally, we assessed the prognostic value of differentially expressed SOCS family members. Results: The expression levels of SOCS2, SOCS4, SOCS6, SOCS7, and CISH were downregulated in KIRC, and all SOCS genes were associated with clinicopathological features of patients with KIRC. SOCS family members have been predominantly related to protein binding, signaling adaptor activity, and JAK/STAT cascade. We found that STAT3, STAT6, and IRF1 are the key transcription factors that may be participated in the regulation of SOCS. We also found an association between the expression levels of SOCS and the immune infiltrates of KIRC. Finally, we have illuminated that SOCS1 and SOCS3 are risky genes, whereas SOCS2, SOCS4, SOCS6, SOCS7, and CISH are some of the protective genes for patients with KIRC; based on these, we have created a KIRC prognostic index for predicting the prognosis of patients of KIRC. Conclusion: Our study may contribute to further understanding the functions of SOCS genes in KIRC, which may help clinicians in selecting the appropriate drugs and predicting the outcomes for patients with KIRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changjiu Li
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenhao Zhang
- Department of Urology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tiantian Fang
- Department of Urology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuwei Wang
- Department of Urology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lugeng He
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huadong He
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Urology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Urology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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2
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Zheng H, Yan Y, Cheng J, Yu S, Wang Y. Association between SOCS3 hypermethylation and HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma and effect of sex and age: A meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e27604. [PMID: 34713837 PMCID: PMC8556007 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000027604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suppressor 3 of cytokine signaling (SOCS3) hypermethylation has been reported to participate in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development and progression, but conflicting results were published. This study aimed to analyze the clinical effects of SOCS3 hypermethylation in HCC and the effects of sex and age on SOCS3 hypermethylation in HCC. METHODS Databases were searched for relevant case-control and cohort studies on SOCS3 hypermethylation in HBV-related HCC. In vitro and in vivo studies and studies of patients with serious comorbidities were excluded. Review Manager 5.2 was used to estimate the effects of the results among the selected studies. Forest plots, sensitivity analysis, and bias analysis for the included studies were also conducted. RESULTS Finally, 8 relevant studies met the inclusion criteria. A significant difference in SOCS3 hypermethylation in HCC was found between tumor and nontumor groups (the odds ratio [OR] = 2.01, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.48-2.73, P < .00001; P for heterogeneity = .39, I2 = 5%). The meta-analysis suggested no significant difference in the effect of sex (OR = 1.00, 95% CI: 0.76-1.31, P = .76; P for heterogeneity = .44, I2 = 0%) and age on SOCS3 hypermethylation in HCC (OR = 1.11, 100% CI: 0.78-1.29, P = .03; P for heterogeneity = .14, I2 = 36%). Limited publication bias was observed in this study. CONCLUSION SOCS3 hypermethylation is associated with HBV-related HCC. Sex and age do not affect the association between SOCS3 hypermethylation and HCC. SOCS3 might be a treatment target for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hairu Zheng
- Department of Physical Examination, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Yanggang Yan
- Department of Interventional Radiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Jiajia Cheng
- Cancer Center of Minimally Invasive and Comprehensive Therapy, Hainan Cancer Hospital, Haikou, China
| | - Shuyong Yu
- Cancer Center of Minimally Invasive and Comprehensive Therapy, Hainan Cancer Hospital, Haikou, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
- Research Unit of Island Emergency Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (No. 2019RU013), Hainan Medical University, China
- Key laboratory of Emergency and Trauma (Hainan Medical University), Ministry of Education, China
- Hainan Clinical Research Center for Acute and Critical Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, China
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3
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Zhang W, Wang H, Sun M, Deng X, Wu X, Ma Y, Li M, Shuoa SM, You Q, Miao L. CXCL5/CXCR2 axis in tumor microenvironment as potential diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2021; 40:69-80. [PMID: 32237072 PMCID: PMC7163794 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The components of the tumor microenvironment (TME) in solid tumors, especially chemokines, are currently attracting much attention from scientists. C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 5 (CXCL5) is one of the important chemokines in TME. Overexpression of CXCL5 is closely related to the survival time, recurrence and metastasis of cancer patients. In TME, CXCL5 binds to its receptors, such as C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 2 (CXCR2), to participate in the recruitment of immune cells and promote angiogenesis, tumor growth, and metastasis. The CXCL5/CXCR2 axis can act as a bridge between tumor cells and host cells in TME. Blocking the transmission of CXCL5/CXCR2 signals can increase the sensitivity and effectiveness of immunotherapy and slow down tumor progression. CXCL5 and CXCR2 are also regarded as biomarkers for predicting prognosis and molecular targets for customizing the treatment. In this review, we summarized the current literature regarding the biological functions and clinical significance of CXCL5/CXCR2 axis in TME. The possibility to use CXCL5 and CXCR2 as potential prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in cancer is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhang
- Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210011, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Huishan Wang
- Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210011, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Mingyang Sun
- Department of Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210011, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Xueting Deng
- Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210011, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Xueru Wu
- Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210011, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Yilan Ma
- Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210011, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Mengjing Li
- Department of Biotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210011, Jiangsu, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory for Aging and Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210011, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Said Maisam Shuoa
- Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210011, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Qiang You
- Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210011, Jiangsu, P. R. China.,Department of Biotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210011, Jiangsu, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory for Aging and Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210011, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Lin Miao
- Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210011, Jiangsu, P. R. China
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Polycystin-1 induces activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and promotes angiogenesis in renal cell carcinoma. Cancer Lett 2020; 489:135-143. [PMID: 32561414 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In the present study we investigated the expression and the functional role of mechanosensitive polycystins in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). In 115 RCC patients we evaluated the protein expression of polycystin-1 (PC1), polycystin-2 (PC2), VEGF and protein components of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, which have been implicated both in RCC and polycystic kidney disease. PC1 and PC2 demonstrated reduced expression throughout the RCC tissue compared to the adjacent normal tissue. PC1 and PC2 revealed high expression when they were associated with higher grade and decreased 5-year survival respectively. PC1 and PC2 were positively correlated with p110γ subunit of PI3K and high PC1 expressing cells tended to display activation/phosphorylation of Akt. There was also a positive association between PC1 and VEGF expression, whereas PC1 augmented the tumor's microvascular network in stage IV carcinomas. In human RCC cells, functional inhibition of PC1 resulted in upregulation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, enhanced cell proliferation and led to inhibition of cell migration. Conclusively, aberrant PC1 regulation is associated with increased angiogenesis and features of advanced disease in RCC tissues.
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Evelönn EA, Landfors M, Haider Z, Köhn L, Ljungberg B, Roos G, Degerman S. DNA methylation associates with survival in non-metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:65. [PMID: 30642274 PMCID: PMC6332661 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5291-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common subtype among renal cancer and is associated with poor prognosis if metastasized. Up to one third of patients with local disease at diagnosis will develop metastasis after nephrectomy, and there is a need for new molecular markers to identify patients with high risk of tumor progression. In the present study, we performed genome-wide promoter DNA methylation analysis at diagnosis to identify DNA methylation profiles associated with risk for progress. METHOD Diagnostic tissue samples from 115 ccRCC patients were analysed by Illumina HumanMethylation450K arrays and methylation status of 155,931 promoter associated CpGs were related to genetic aberrations, gene expression and clinicopathological parameters. RESULTS The ccRCC samples separated into two clusters (cluster A/B) based on genome-wide promoter methylation status. The samples in these clusters differed in tumor diameter (p < 0.001), TNM stage (p < 0.001), morphological grade (p < 0.001), and patients outcome (5 year cancer specific survival (pCSS5yr) p < 0.001 and cumulative incidence of progress (pCIP5yr) p < 0.001. An integrated genomic and epigenomic analysis in the ccRCCs, revealed significant correlations between the total number of genetic aberrations and total number of hypermethylated CpGs (R = 0.435, p < 0.001), and predicted mitotic age (R = 0.407, p < 0.001). We identified a promoter methylation classifier (PMC) panel consisting of 172 differently methylated CpGs accompanying progress of disease. Classifying non-metastatic patients using the PMC panel showed that PMC high tumors had a worse prognosis compared with the PMC low tumors (pCIP5yr 38% vs. 8%, p = 0.001), which was confirmed in non-metastatic ccRCCs in the publically available TCGA-KIRC dataset (pCIP5yr 39% vs. 16%, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION DNA methylation analysis at diagnosis in ccRCC has the potential to improve outcome-prediction in non-metastatic patients at diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Andersson Evelönn
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Umeå University, NUS, Blg 6M, 2nd floor, SE-90185 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Mattias Landfors
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Umeå University, NUS, Blg 6M, 2nd floor, SE-90185 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Zahra Haider
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Umeå University, NUS, Blg 6M, 2nd floor, SE-90185 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Linda Köhn
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Börje Ljungberg
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Urology and andrology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Göran Roos
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Umeå University, NUS, Blg 6M, 2nd floor, SE-90185 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Sofie Degerman
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Umeå University, NUS, Blg 6M, 2nd floor, SE-90185 Umeå, Sweden
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Volatile anaesthetics enhance the metastasis related cellular signalling including CXCR2 of ovarian cancer cells. Oncotarget 2018; 7:26042-56. [PMID: 27028996 PMCID: PMC5041963 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of ovarian cancer patients relapse after surgical resection. Evidence is accumulating regarding the role of surgery in disseminating cancer cells; in particular anaesthesia may have an impact on cancer re-occurrence. Here, we have investigated the metastatic potential of volatile anaesthetics isoflurane, sevoflurane and desflurane on ovarian cancer cells. Human ovarian carcinoma cells (SKOV3) were exposed to isoflurane (2%), sevoflurane (3.6%) or desflurane (10.3%) for 2 hours. Metastatic related gene expression profiles were measured using the Tumour Metastasis PCR Array and qRT-PCR. Subsequently vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A), matrix metalloproteinase 11 (MMP11), transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1) and chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 2 (CXCR2) proteins expression were determined using immunofluorescent staining. The migratory capacities of SK-OV3 cells were assessed with a scratch assay and the potential role of CXCR2 in mediating the effects of volatile anaesthetics on cancer cell biology were further investigated with CXCR2 knockdown by siRNA. All three volatile anaesthetics altered expression of 70 out of 81 metastasic related genes with significant increases in VEGF-A, MMP-11, CXCR2 and TGF-β genes and protein expression with a magnitude order of desflurane (greatest), sevoflurane and isoflurane. Scratch analysis revealed that exposure to these anesthetics increased migration, which was abolished by CXCR2 knockdown. Volatile anaesthetics at clinically relevant concentrations have strong effects on cancer cell biology which in turn could enhance ovarian cancer metastatic potential. This work raises the urgency for further in vivo studies and clinical trials before any conclusions can be made in term of the alteration of clinical practice.
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The role and gene expression profile of SOCS3 in colorectal carcinoma. Oncotarget 2017; 9:15984-15996. [PMID: 29662621 PMCID: PMC5882312 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
SOCS3 has been postulated to play a role in the occurrence and progression of malignancies. However, the relationship of SOCS3 with colorectal carcinoma remains poorly understood. The purpose of the study was to explore the role of SOCS3 in colorectal carcinoma and its underlying mechanisms. Protein and mRNA expression of SOCS3 in colorectal carcinoma and normal colorectal mucosa was detected using immunohistochemistry and real-time quantitative PCR. SOCS3 expression was significantly lower in colorectal carcinoma tissue than in normal colorectal mucosa, and was negatively correlated with tumor invasion depth, lymph node metastasis, differentiation degree, and TNM stage. A stably transfected colorectal carcinoma cell line (8348SOCS3) with high expression of SOCS3 was established. The effects of SOCS3 overexpression on the growth, proliferation, invasion and tumor formation of colorectal carcinoma cells were examined by CCK-8 assay, transwell method and tumorigenicity assays in nude mice. Then we found SOCS3 overexpression significantly decreased proliferation and invasion capability of 8348 cells in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, the effect of SOCS3 overexpression on the gene expression profile of colorectal carcinoma cells was analyzed using human genome arrays. The results revealed 369 genes that were differentially expressed in 8348SOCS3 cells. 193 genes was significantly increased and 176 genes was significantly decreased. Bioinformatics analysis demonstrated that high SOCS3 expression affected multiple signaling pathways in colorectal carcinoma including TGF-β/Smads, NF-κB, and HIF-MAPK pathways. Especially for the TGF-β/Smads pathways, high SOCS3 expression could inhibit TGF-β1 expression and activate Smad4 expression. These data suggested that low expression of SOCS3 was associated with the occurrence and progression of colorectal carcinoma. SOCS3 protein may be a useful indicator for malignancy and prognosis of colorectal carcinoma and also a new target for gene therapy.
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Qiao B, Luo W, Liu Y, Wang J, Liu C, Liu Z, Chen S, Gu J, Qi X, Wu T. The prognostic value of CXC chemokine receptor 2 (CXCR2) in cancers: a meta-analysis. Oncotarget 2017; 9:15068-15076. [PMID: 29599927 PMCID: PMC5871098 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims Quite a few studies had investigated the correlation between CXC chemokine receptor 2 (CXCR2) and cancer. This meta-analysis was aimed to comprehensively summarize the previous studies and to explore the prognostic value of CXCR2 in patients with cancer. Materials and Methods An adequate literature search in EMBASE and PubMed was conducted. Articles in English which have reported CXCR2 expression in patients and enough data to calculate hazard ratio (HR) were included. Effect estimates were analyzed with Review Manager 5.2. The endpoint was overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS). Result Twelve studies from 10 publications with a total of 2,461 patients were identified. It was shown that high level of CXCR2 was significantly associated with poorer overall survival (OS) (HR = 1.69, 95% CI = 1.46-1.96, p < 0.0001, I2 = 45%) and RFS (HR = 1.50, 95% CI = 1.25-1.80, p < 0.0001, I2 = 6%). The analyses of different analysis models (univariate or multivariate models), sample size (< 300 or ≥ 300) and ethnicity (Asian and Caucasian) have indicated the negative impact of CXCR2 over-expression on survival of patients with cancer. Stratified by cancer type, high-expression of CXCR2 was associated with unfavorable OS in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma, lung cancer, pancreatic ductal carcinoma, clear-cell renal cell carcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma; however, there was significant difference between high- and low-expression of CXCR2 in digestive tract cancer (esophageal adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma procession, resected esophageal carcinoma, esophageal cancer and gastric cancer). Conclusions CXCR2 is an unfavorable predictor in terms of OS and RFS in patients with cancer except for digestive tract cancer and is related with poorer prognostic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingbing Qiao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wenqin Luo
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanna Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Disease, The Affiliated (T.C.M) Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Chuan Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhao Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sizhe Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Gu
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaolong Qi
- Department of Hepatobiliary Disease, The Affiliated (T.C.M) Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Tongwei Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Disease, The Affiliated (T.C.M) Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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9
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Systematic review and meta-analysis of the prognostic value of CXCR2 in solid tumor patients. Oncotarget 2017; 8:109740-109751. [PMID: 29312644 PMCID: PMC5752557 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
CXC chemokine receptor-2 (CXCR2) expression is associated with the prognosis of multiple cancers. We performed a meta-analysis to determine the association between the CXCR2 expression in tumor tissue and patient prognosis. We compiled related literature from PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science (last updated July 31, 2017). A total of 4012 patients with solid tumors from 21 studies were included to evaluate the association between CXCR2 and overall survival, recurrence-free survival, or disease-free survival. High CXCR2 expression was significantly associated with poor overall survival (pooled HR = 1.82; 95% CI = 1.63-2.03; P < 0.001), recurrence-free survival (pooled HR = 1.40; 95% CI = 1.21-1.62; P < 0.001), and disease-free survival (pooled HR = 1.89; 95% CI = 1.05-3.40; P = 0.033), especially in patients with digestive system neoplasms. Thus high CXCR2 expression in tumor tissue appears predictive of a poor prognosis in patients with solid tumors. Further studies will be required to determine whether CXCR2 blockade has a favorable effect on the prognosis of patients with cancer.
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Zhou W, Bi X, Gao G, Sun L. miRNA-133b and miRNA-135a induce apoptosis via the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway in human renal carcinoma cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 84:722-729. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.09.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
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Urbschat A, Stumpf S, Hänze J, Paulus P, Maier TJ, Weipert C, Hofmann R, Hegele A. Expression of the anti-inflammatory suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) in human clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:9649-56. [PMID: 26797799 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-4857-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The oncogenic transcription factor signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is a cytokine-activated transcription factor controlling inflammation, cell proliferation, survival, and differentiation in normal tissue as well as in tumor growth. One of its most important negative regulators is the suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3). Here, we analyzed SOCS3 and other tumor-associated local immune regulators in human clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Analyses were performed in tumor and adjacent tumor-free healthy renal tissue from 35 patients with ccRCC. For functional analysis, ccRCC Caki-1 cell lines were stimulated with IL-6 and IFNγ in cell culture assays. We observed significantly lower SOCS3 messenger RNA (mRNA) levels in tumor tissue compared to healthy tissue. SOCS3 mRNA strongly correlated within tumor and healthy tissue. Interestingly vice versa, SOCS3 protein levels were significantly higher in tumor tissue than in healthy tissue. IL-22 and IL-22R1 mRNA displayed no differences in tumor and healthy tissue. Stimulation of Caki-1 cells with IFNγ resulted in markedly increased SOCS3 mRNA levels. We conclude that SOCS3 along with STAT3 participates in regulatory mechanisms in ccRCC, which certainly features only one of multiple factors involved but nevertheless merits further attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Urbschat
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Hospital of the Philipps-University Marburg, Baldinger Strasse, Marburg, Germany.
| | - Svenja Stumpf
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Hospital of the Philipps-University Marburg, Baldinger Strasse, Marburg, Germany
| | - Jörg Hänze
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Hospital of the Philipps-University Marburg, Baldinger Strasse, Marburg, Germany
| | - Patrick Paulus
- Department of Anesthesiology and Operative Intensive Care Medicine, Kepler University Hospital Linz, Linz, Austria
| | | | - Christine Weipert
- Clinic of Urology and Andrology, Landeskrankenhaus Hall in Tirol, Hall, Austria
| | - Rainer Hofmann
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Hospital of the Philipps-University Marburg, Baldinger Strasse, Marburg, Germany
| | - Axel Hegele
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Hospital of the Philipps-University Marburg, Baldinger Strasse, Marburg, Germany
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12
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Huang L, Hu B, Ni J, Wu J, Jiang W, Chen C, Yang L, Zeng Y, Wan R, Hu G, Wang X. Transcriptional repression of SOCS3 mediated by IL-6/STAT3 signaling via DNMT1 promotes pancreatic cancer growth and metastasis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2016; 35:27. [PMID: 26847351 PMCID: PMC4743194 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-016-0301-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have investigated the sustained aberrantly activated Interleukin-6 (IL-6)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling pathway is crucial for pancreatic cancer growth and metastasis. Suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3), as a key negative feedback regulator of this signaling pathway, is usually down-regulated in various cancers. In the present study, we aim at exploring the biological function and the underlying molecular regulation mechanisms of SOCS3 in pancreatic cancer. METHODS The expression of SOCS3 and other genes in pancreatic cancer was examined by Quantitative real-time PCR, western blotting and immunohistochemical staining. The interaction between pSTAT3 and DNA Methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) was investigated by co-immunoprecipitation assay. Luciferase reporter assay was used to investigate the transcriptional regulation of pSTAT3 and DNMT1 on the SOCS3 gene. The effects of SOCS3 on the biological behavior of pancreatic cancer cells were assessed both in vitro and vivo. Furthermore, we performed a comprehensive analysis of the expression of SOCS3 in a pancreatic cancer tissue microarray (TMA) and correlated our findings with pathological parameters and outcomes of the patients. RESULTS We showed that SOCS3 expression was decreased in phosphorylated STAT3 (pSTAT3)-positive tumors and was negatively correlated with pSTAT3 in pancreatic cancer cells. We also found that IL-6/STAT3 promoted SOCS3 promoter hypermethylation by increasing DNMT1 activity; silencing DNMT1 or 5-aza-2-deoxycytidine (5-AZA) treatment could reverse the down-regulation of SOCS3 mediated by IL-6. Using co-immunoprecipitation and luciferase reporter assays, we found that STAT3 recruited DNMT1 to the promoter region of SOCS3 and inhibited its transcriptional activity. Overexpression of SOCS3 significantly inhibited cell proliferation, which may be due to the increase in G1-S phase arrest; overexpression of SOCS3 also inhibited cell migration and invasion as well as tumorigenicity in nude mice. Pancreatic cancer tissue microarray analysis showed that high SOCS3 expression was a good prognostic factor and negatively correlated with tumor volume and metastasis. CONCLUSION We demonstrated that activated IL-6/STAT3 signaling could induce SOCS3 methylation via DNMT1, which led to pancreatic cancer growth and metastasis. These data also provided a mechanistic link between sustained aberrantly activated IL-6/STAT3 signaling and SOCS3 down-regulation in pancreatic cancer. Thus, inhibitors of STAT3 or DNMT1 may become novel strategies for treating pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, Hongkou District 200080 China
| | - Bin Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, Hongkou District 200080 China
| | - Jianbo Ni
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, Hongkou District 200080 China
| | - Jianghong Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, Hongkou District 200080 China
| | - Weiliang Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, Hongkou District 200080 China
| | - Congying Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, Hongkou District 200080 China
| | - Lijuan Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, Hongkou District 200080 China
| | - Yue Zeng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, Hongkou District 200080 China
| | - Rong Wan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, Hongkou District 200080 China
| | - Guoyong Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, Hongkou District 200080 China
| | - Xingpeng Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, Hongkou District 200080 China
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SOCS3 Methylation Predicts a Poor Prognosis in HBV Infection-Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:22662-75. [PMID: 26393582 PMCID: PMC4613329 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160922662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Revised: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) plays crucial roles in JAK/STAT signaling pathway inhibition in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the methylation status of SOCS3 in HBV infection-related HCC and the relationship between SOCS3 methylation and the clinical outcome remain unknown. Here, we reported that in HCC tumor tissues, two regions of the CpG island (CGI) in the SOCS3 promoter were subjected to methylation analysis and only the region close to the translational start site of SOCS3 was hypermethylated. In HCC tumor tissues, SOCS3 showed an increased methylation frequency and intensity compared with that in the adjacent non-tumor tissues. Moreover, SOCS3 expression was significantly down-regulated in HCC cell lines and tumor tissues, and this was inversely correlated with methylation. Kaplan-Meier curve analysis revealed that in patients with an hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection background, SOCS3 hypermethylation was significantly correlated with a poor clinical outcome of HCC patients. Our findings indicated that SOCS3 hypermethylation has already happened in non-tumor tissues and increased in both frequency and intensity in tumor tissues. This suggests that the methylation of SOCS3 could predict a poor prognosis in HBV infection-related HCC patients.
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CXC chemokine receptor 2 is associated with postoperative recurrence and survival of patients with non-metastatic clear-cell renal cell carcinoma. Eur J Cancer 2015; 51:1953-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2015.06.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Gaballah HH, Shafik NM, Wasfy RE, Abou Farha MO. Significance of suppressor of cytokine signaling-3 expression in bladder urothelial carcinoma in relation to proinflammatory cytokines and tumor histopathological grading. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 16:307-14. [PMID: 25640370 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.1.307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bladder cancer is among the five most common malignancies worldwide. Altered expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling -3 (SOCS-3) has been implicated in various types of human cancers; however, its role in bladder cancer is not well established. AIM The present study was undertaken to investigate the mRNA expression of SOCS-3 in normal and cancerous bladder tissue and to explore its correlation with urinary levels of some proinflammatory cytokines, cytokeratin-18 (CK -18) and with tumor histopathological grading, in order to evaluate their role as potential diagnostic markers. MATERIALS AND METHODS SOCS3 mRNA expression levels were evaluated using quantitative real time PCR. Urinary levels of interleukins 6 and 8 were estimated by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Cytokeratin-18 expression was analyzed by immuunohistochemistry then validated by ELISA. RESULTS SOC3 m RNA expression levels were significantly lower in high grade urothelial carcinoma (0.36±0.12) compared to low grade carcinoma (1.22±0.38) and controls (4.08±0.88), (p<0.001). However, in high grade urothelial carcinoma the urinary levels of IL-6, IL-8, total CK-18(221.33±22.84 pg/ml, 325.2±53.6 pg/ ml, 466.7±57.40 U/L respectively) were significantly higher than their levels in low grade carcinoma (58.6±18.6 pg/ ml, 58.3±50.2 pg/ml, 185.5±60.3 U/L respectively) and controls (50.9±23.0 pg/ml, 7.12±2.74 pg/ml, 106.7±47.3U/L respectively), (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Advanced grade of urothelial bladder carcinoma is significantly associated with lowered mRNA expression of SOC3 as well as elevated urinary levels of proinflammatory cytokines and CK-18. Furthermore, our results suggested that urinary IL-8, IL-6 and CK-18 may benefit as noninvasive biomarkers for early detection as well as histopathological subtyping of urothelial carcinoma.
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Immunohistochemical analysis of IL-6, IL-8/CXCR2 axis, Tyr p-STAT-3, and SOCS-3 in lymph nodes from patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia: correlation between microvascular characteristics and prognostic significance. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:251479. [PMID: 24883303 PMCID: PMC4026921 DOI: 10.1155/2014/251479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A number of studies have looked into the pathophysiological role of angiogenesis in CLL, but the results have often been inconsistent. We aimed to gain direct insight into the angiogenic process in lymph nodes involved by CLL, focusing on proangiogenic cytokines and microvessel morphometry. The tissue levels of VEGF, Th-2 cytokines IL-6 and IL-8, IL-8 receptor CXCR2, and tyrosine p-STAT-3/SOCS-3 axis modulating cytokine expression were evaluated immunohistochemically in 62 CLL/SLL cases. Microvascular characteristics were evaluated by image analysis. Results were analyzed with regard to clinicopathological characteristics. Proliferation centers (PCs) were less well vascularised compared to non-PC areas. IL-8 and CXCR2 expression was distinctly uncommon as opposed to IL-6, VEGF and SOCS-3, which were detected in the vast majority of cases. The latter two molecule expressions were more pronounced in the PCs in ∼40% of the cases. p-STAT-3 immunoreactivity was recorded in 66.67% of the cases with a predilection for PCs. Microvessel morphometry was unrelated to proangiogenic cytokines, p-STAT-3, SOCS-3, or survival. Microvascular caliber and VEGF expression were higher in Binet stage A, whereasIL-6 expression was higher in stage C. VEGF and p-STAT-3 exerted a favorable effect on progression, which remained significant in multivariate analysis, thereby constituting potential outcome predictors in CLL patients.
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