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Shanker DA, Kumar S, Al-Mukhtar A, Dube A, Samuel N. A Case of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumour (GIST) in the Duodenum in a Young Adult. Cureus 2024; 16:e53331. [PMID: 38435882 PMCID: PMC10907077 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.53331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISTs) are rare gastrointestinal (GI) malignancies, but the most prevalent mesenchymal tumours of the GI tract arise from the interstitial cells of Cajal. They account for 1-3% of all GI malignancies, and only 3-5% of all cases of GIST are located at the duodenal. We present a case of a young adult who presented to the ED with symptoms of GI bleeding.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sampath Kumar
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Doncaster Royal Infirmary, Doncaster, GBR
| | - Ahmed Al-Mukhtar
- Gastrointestinal Surgery, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Sheffield, GBR
| | - Asha Dube
- Histopathology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Sheffield, GBR
| | - Nehemiah Samuel
- Gastrointestinal Surgery, Doncaster Royal Infirmary, Doncaster, GBR
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Zhu H, Yang G, Ma Y, Huo Q, Wan D, Yang Q. Update of epidemiology, survival and initial treatment in patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumour in the USA: a retrospective study based on SEER database. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e072945. [PMID: 37419634 PMCID: PMC10335486 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-072945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES An updated epidemiological analysis of gastrointestinal stromal tumour (GIST), the change of cancer-specific survival (CSS) and patterns of initial treatment are of interest. DESIGN A retrospective study using data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS A total of 5625 patients with GIST diagnosed between 2010 and 2019 were identified. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURES Age-standardised incidence rate (ASIR) and annual prevalence rate were calculated. SEER combined stage, period CSS rate and initial treatment were summarised. All the data were calculated by SEER*Stat software. RESULTS From 2010 to 2019, the ASIR of GIST increased from 0.79 to 1.02 per 100 000 person-years, with an increase of 2.4% annually. The increase was across age and sex subgroups. The prevalence trend was similar with the ASIR trend in each subgroup. The stage distributions were similar between different age groups, but varied among different primary tumour sites. More importantly, a stage shift from regional stage to localized stage at diagnosis was found, which may result in the improvement of CSS over years. Overall, the 5-year CSS rate of GIST was approximately 81.3%. Even for metastatic GIST, the rate exceeded 50%. Surgery was the most common treatment regimen for GIST, followed by surgery and systemic treatment. Whereas approximately 7.0% patients were undertreated, which was more pronounced among patients with distant and unknown stages. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study suggest an improving early detection of GIST and an improving ability of accurate staging. Though most patients are effectively treated and perform good survivals, approximate 7.0% patients may be undertreated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haizhen Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Medical School of Guizhou University, Guizhou Cancer Center, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Guangrong Yang
- Department of Oncology, The People's Hospital of Qijiang District, Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Ying Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology, The 941st Hospital of the PLA Joint Logistic Support Force, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Qianwen Huo
- The 941st Hospital of the PLA Joint Logistic Support Force, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Deli Wan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The People's Hospital of Qijiang District, Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiao Yang
- Department of Ultrasound, The 941st Hospital of the PLA Joint Logistic Support Force, Xining, Qinghai, China
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Metabolomic and transcriptomic response to imatinib treatment of gastrointestinal stromal tumour in xenograft-bearing mice. Transl Oncol 2023; 30:101632. [PMID: 36774883 PMCID: PMC9945753 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2023.101632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although imatinib is a well-established first-line drug for treating a vast majority of gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GIST), GISTs acquire secondary resistance during therapy. Multi-omics approaches provide an integrated perspective to empower the development of personalised therapies through a better understanding of functional biology underlying the disease and molecular-driven selection of the best-targeted individualised therapy. In this study, we applied integrative metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses to elucidate tumour biochemical processes affected by imatinib treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS A GIST xenograft mouse model was used in the study, including 10 mice treated with imatinib and 10 non-treated controls. Metabolites in tumour extracts were analysed using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). RNA sequencing was also performed on the samples subset (n=6). RESULTS Metabolomic analysis revealed 21 differentiating metabolites, whereas next-generation RNA sequencing data analysis resulted in 531 differentially expressed genes. Imatinib significantly changed the profile of metabolites associated mainly with purine and pyrimidine metabolism, butanoate metabolism, as well as alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism. The related changes in transcriptomic profiles included genes involved in kinase activity and immune responses, as well as supported its impact on the purine biosynthesis pathway. CONCLUSIONS Our multi-omics study confirmed previously known pathways involved in imatinib anticancer activity as well as correlated imatinib-relevant downregulation of expression of purine biosynthesis pathway genes with the reduction of respectful metabolites. Furthermore, considering the importance of the purine biosynthesis pathway for cancer proliferation, we identified a potentially novel mechanism for the anti-tumour activity of imatinib. Based on the results, we hypothesise metabolic modulations aiming at the reduction in purine and pyrimidine pool may ensure higher imatinib efficacy or re-sensitise imatinib-resistant tumours.
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Inoue A, Ota S, Yamasaki M, Batsaikhan B, Furukawa A, Watanabe Y. Gastrointestinal stromal tumors: a comprehensive radiological review. Jpn J Radiol 2022; 40:1105-1120. [PMID: 35809209 DOI: 10.1007/s11604-022-01305-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) originating from the interstitial cells of Cajal in the muscularis propria are the most common mesenchymal tumor of the gastrointestinal tract. Multiple modalities, including computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography, ultrasonography, digital subtraction angiography, and endoscopy, have been performed to evaluate GISTs. CT is most frequently used for diagnosis, staging, surveillance, and response monitoring during molecularly targeted therapy in clinical practice. The diagnosis of GISTs is sometimes challenging because of the diverse imaging findings, such as anatomical location (esophagus, stomach, duodenum, small bowel, colorectum, appendix, and peritoneum), growth pattern, and enhancement pattern as well as the presence of necrosis, calcification, ulceration, early venous return, and metastasis. Imaging findings of GISTs treated with antineoplastic agents are quite different from those of other neoplasms (e.g. adenocarcinomas) because only subtle changes in size are seen even in responsive lesions. Furthermore, the recurrence pattern of GISTs is different from that of other neoplasms. This review discusses the advantages and disadvantages of each imaging modality, describes imaging findings obtained before and after treatment, presents a few cases of complicated GISTs, and discusses recent investigations performed using CT and MRI to predict histological risk grade, gene mutations, and patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akitoshi Inoue
- Department of Radiology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta, Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2192, Japan. .,Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
| | - Shinichi Ota
- Department of Radiology, Nagahama Red Cross Hospital, Shiga, Japan
| | - Michio Yamasaki
- Department of Radiology, Kohka Public Hospital, Shiga, Japan
| | - Bolorkhand Batsaikhan
- Graduate School of Human Health Sciences, Department of Radiological Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Furukawa
- Graduate School of Human Health Sciences, Department of Radiological Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Watanabe
- Department of Radiology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta, Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2192, Japan
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Murphy P, Glynn D, Dias S, Hodgson R, Claxton L, Beresford L, Cooper K, Tappenden P, Ennis K, Grosso A, Wright K, Cantrell A, Stevenson M, Palmer S. Modelling approaches for histology-independent cancer drugs to inform NICE appraisals: a systematic review and decision-framework. Health Technol Assess 2022; 25:1-228. [PMID: 34990339 DOI: 10.3310/hta25760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The first histology-independent marketing authorisation in Europe was granted in 2019. This was the first time that a cancer treatment was approved based on a common biomarker rather than the location in the body at which the tumour originated. This research aims to explore the implications for National Institute for Health and Care Excellence appraisals. METHODS Targeted reviews were undertaken to determine the type of evidence that is likely to be available at the point of marketing authorisation and the analyses required to support National Institute for Health and Care Excellence appraisals. Several challenges were identified concerning the design and conduct of trials for histology-independent products, the greater levels of heterogeneity within the licensed population and the use of surrogate end points. We identified approaches to address these challenges by reviewing key statistical literature that focuses on the design and analysis of histology-independent trials and by undertaking a systematic review to evaluate the use of response end points as surrogate outcomes for survival end points. We developed a decision framework to help to inform approval and research policies for histology-independent products. The framework explored the uncertainties and risks associated with different approval policies, including the role of further data collection, pricing schemes and stratified decision-making. RESULTS We found that the potential for heterogeneity in treatment effects, across tumour types or other characteristics, is likely to be a central issue for National Institute for Health and Care Excellence appraisals. Bayesian hierarchical methods may serve as a useful vehicle to assess the level of heterogeneity across tumours and to estimate the pooled treatment effects for each tumour, which can inform whether or not the assumption of homogeneity is reasonable. Our review suggests that response end points may not be reliable surrogates for survival end points. However, a surrogate-based modelling approach, which captures all relevant uncertainty, may be preferable to the use of immature survival data. Several additional sources of heterogeneity were identified as presenting potential challenges to National Institute for Health and Care Excellence appraisal, including the cost of testing, baseline risk, quality of life and routine management costs. We concluded that a range of alternative approaches will be required to address different sources of heterogeneity to support National Institute for Health and Care Excellence appraisals. An exemplar case study was developed to illustrate the nature of the assessments that may be required. CONCLUSIONS Adequately designed and analysed basket studies that assess the homogeneity of outcomes and allow borrowing of information across baskets, where appropriate, are recommended. Where there is evidence of heterogeneity in treatment effects and estimates of cost-effectiveness, consideration should be given to optimised recommendations. Routine presentation of the scale of the consequences of heterogeneity and decision uncertainty may provide an important additional approach to the assessments specified in the current National Institute for Health and Care Excellence methods guide. FURTHER RESEARCH Further exploration of Bayesian hierarchical methods could help to inform decision-makers on whether or not there is sufficient evidence of homogeneity to support pooled analyses. Further research is also required to determine the appropriate basis for apportioning genomic testing costs where there are multiple targets and to address the challenges of uncontrolled Phase II studies, including the role and use of surrogate end points. FUNDING This project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Evidence Synthesis programme and will be published in full in Health Technology Assessment; Vol. 25, No. 76. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Murphy
- Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, University of York, York, UK
| | - David Glynn
- Centre for Health Economics, University of York, York, UK
| | - Sofia Dias
- Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, University of York, York, UK
| | - Robert Hodgson
- Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, University of York, York, UK
| | - Lindsay Claxton
- Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, University of York, York, UK
| | - Lucy Beresford
- Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, University of York, York, UK
| | - Katy Cooper
- School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR) Technology Assessment Group, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Paul Tappenden
- School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR) Technology Assessment Group, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Kate Ennis
- School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR) Technology Assessment Group, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | | | - Kath Wright
- Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, University of York, York, UK
| | - Anna Cantrell
- School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR) Technology Assessment Group, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Matt Stevenson
- School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR) Technology Assessment Group, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Stephen Palmer
- Centre for Health Economics, University of York, York, UK
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Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors (GISTs): Novel Therapeutic Strategies with Immunotherapy and Small Molecules. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020493. [PMID: 33419029 PMCID: PMC7825300 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are the most common types of malignant mesenchymal tumors in the gastrointestinal tract, with an estimated incidence of 1.5/100.000 per year and 1–2% of gastrointestinal neoplasms. About 75–80% of patients have mutations in the KIT gene in exons 9, 11, 13, 14, 17, and 5–10% of patients have mutations in the platelet-derived growth factor receptor a (PDGFRA) gene in exons 12, 14, 18. Moreover, 10–15% of patients have no mutations and are classified as wild type GIST. The treatment for metastatic or unresectable GISTs includes imatinib, sunitinib, and regorafenib. So far, GIST therapies have raised great expectations and offered patients a better quality of life, but increased pharmacological resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors is often observed. New treatment options have emerged, with ripretinib, avapritinib, and cabozantinib getting approvals for these tumors. Nowadays, immune checkpoint inhibitors form a new landscape in cancer therapeutics and have already shown remarkable responses in various tumors. Studies in melanoma, non-small-cell lung cancer, and renal cell carcinoma are very encouraging as these inhibitors have increased survival rates. The purpose of this review is to present alternative approaches for the treatment of the GIST patients, such as combinations of immunotherapy and novel inhibitors with traditional therapies (tyrosine kinase inhibitors).
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Kosmidis CS, Alexandrou V, Koimtzis GD, Mantalovas S, Varsamis NC, Koulouris C, Taraboulous D, Leptopoulou A, Georgakoudi E, Sevva CD, Sapalidis K, Lypiridou S, Karayannopoulou G, Kesisoglou II. Treatment of a Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor (GIST) Adherent to the Spleen and the Tail of the Pancreas: A Case Report. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CASE REPORTS 2020; 21:e918278. [PMID: 32231176 PMCID: PMC7161921 DOI: 10.12659/ajcr.918278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Patient: Male, 62-year-old Final Diagnosis: Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) adherent to the spleen and the tail of the pancreas Symptoms: Melena Medication:— Clinical Procedure: En bloc sphenoid gastrectomy • splenectomy • caudal pancreatectomy Specialty: Surgery
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vyron Alexandrou
- 3rd Surgical Department, University Hospital of Thessaloniki AHEPA, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgios D Koimtzis
- 3rd Surgical Department, University Hospital of Thessaloniki AHEPA, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Stylianos Mantalovas
- 3rd Surgical Department, University Hospital of Thessaloniki AHEPA, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nikolaos C Varsamis
- 3rd Surgical Department, University Hospital of Thessaloniki AHEPA, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Charilaos Koulouris
- 3rd Surgical Department, University Hospital of Thessaloniki AHEPA, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Ariadne Leptopoulou
- University Hospital of Thessaloniki AHEPA, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eleni Georgakoudi
- University Hospital of Thessaloniki AHEPA, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Christina D Sevva
- University Hospital of Thessaloniki AHEPA, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Sapalidis
- 3rd Surgical Department, University Hospital of Thessaloniki AHEPA, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Sofia Lypiridou
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Thessaloniki AHEPA, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Isaac I Kesisoglou
- 3rd Surgical Department, University Hospital of Thessaloniki AHEPA, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Toxicity management of regorafenib in patients with gastro-intestinal stromal tumour (GIST) in a tertiary cancer centre. Clin Sarcoma Res 2020; 10:1. [PMID: 31911828 PMCID: PMC6942401 DOI: 10.1186/s13569-019-0123-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Regorafenib is a multi-kinase inhibitor approved as third line treatment for metastatic GIST. Dose limiting toxicities are frequently seen and many patients require dose reductions. This study aimed to evaluate regorafenib toxicities and their management in a real-world GIST population. Methods Retrospective review of a prospectively maintained database identified 50 patients with GIST treated with regorafenib at our centre between March 2013 and September 2018. Results Median progression free survival (PFS) was 7.7 months [interquartile range (IQR) 2.8–14.4 months]. Median overall survival (OS) from start of regorafenib to death or last follow up was 15.7 months (IQR 9.2–28.4 months). Baseline median Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status on starting regorafenib was 1. The main reason for discontinuing regorafenib was progressive disease (PD) (31/50 [62%]) rather than toxicity (10/50 [20%]). Grade 3–4 adverse events (AEs) were seen in 23/50 (46%) patients; palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia (PPE) was most frequently seen (9/50 (18%)). Two patients died whilst on treatment with regorafenib from multi-organ failure secondary to sepsis (4%). Dose reductions were required in 19/50 patients (38%) and 8/50 (16%) patients started regorafenib at a lower dose band than the recommended dose (160 mg) due to comorbidities or concern over a higher individual risk of toxicity. Conclusion Although PD was the main reason for discontinuing treatment, toxicity management and dosing of regorafenib remains critical. Median duration of treatment was longer compared to previous studies suggesting a durable clinical benefit with regorafenib with rigorous toxicity management.
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Abstract
RATIONALE Gastrointestinal stromal tumor and mesenteric fibromatosis are rare mesenchymal tumors. Coexistence of these two diseases is uncommon, with only a few anecdotal reports of individuals. PATIENT CONCERNS Clinical data and treatment of a 43-year-old man with subsequent mesenteric fibromatosis from gastrointestinal stromal tumor are summarized. The Ethics Committee of The Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University approved this study, and the patient provided written informed consent form. DIAGNOSES The initial diagnosis of the recurrent mesenteric mass was recurrent gastrointestinal stromal tumor. INTERVENTIONS The operation was performed as possible at the time when the mass was found after the first surgery. OUTCOMES The diagnosis was revised as mesenteric fibromatosis according to the postoperative immunohistochemical staining. The postoperative condition was normal without adjuvant therapy and no recidivation has been found. LESSONS The potential for the coexistence of gastrointestinal stromal tumor and mesenteric fibromatosis should always be considered.
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Ballesteros M, Montero N, López-Pousa A, Urrútia G, Solà I, Rada G, Pardo-Hernandez H, Bonfill X. Evidence mapping based on systematic reviews of therapeutic interventions for gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST). BMC Med Res Methodol 2017; 17:135. [PMID: 28882125 PMCID: PMC5590134 DOI: 10.1186/s12874-017-0402-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumours (GISTs) are the most common mesenchymal tumours. Currently, different pharmacological and surgical options are used to treat localised and metastatic GISTs, although this research field is broad and the body of evidence is scattered and expanding. Our objectives are to identify, describe and organise the current available evidence for GIST through an evidence mapping approach. Methods We followed the methodology of Global Evidence Mapping (GEM). We searched Pubmed, EMBASE, The Cochrane Library and Epistemonikos in order to identify systematic reviews (SRs) with or without meta-analyses published between 1990 and March 2016. Two authors assessed eligibility and extracted data. Methodological quality of the included systematic reviews was assessed using AMSTAR. We organised the results according to identified PICO questions and presented the evidence map in tables and a bubble plot. Results A total of 17 SRs met eligibility criteria. These reviews included 66 individual studies, of which three quarters were either observational or uncontrolled clinical trials. Overall, the quality of the included SRs was moderate or high. In total, we extracted 14 PICO questions from them and the corresponding results mostly favoured the intervention arm. Conclusions The most common type of study used to evaluate therapeutic interventions in GIST sarcomas has been non-experimental studies. However, the majority of the interventions are reported as beneficial or probably beneficial by the respective authors of SRs. The evidence mapping is a useful and reliable methodology to identify and present the existing evidence about therapeutic interventions. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12874-017-0402-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Ballesteros
- Iberoamerican Cochrane Centre, C/Sant Antoni Maria Claret,167, Pavelló 18, ground floor, 08025, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Nadia Montero
- Iberoamerican Cochrane Centre, C/Sant Antoni Maria Claret,167, Pavelló 18, ground floor, 08025, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Salud Pública y Epidemiología Clínica. Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad Tecnológica Equinoccial, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Antonio López-Pousa
- Oncología Médica y Unidad de Curas Paliativas, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gerard Urrútia
- Iberoamerican Cochrane Centre - Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute, (IIB Sant Pau), CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ivan Solà
- Iberoamerican Cochrane Centre - Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute, (IIB Sant Pau), CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gabriel Rada
- Programa de Salud Basada en la Evidencia, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Hector Pardo-Hernandez
- Iberoamerican Cochrane Centre - Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute, (IIB Sant Pau), CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Bonfill
- Iberoamerican Cochrane Centre - Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute, (IIB Sant Pau), CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Cid Ruzafa J, Merinopoulou E, Baggaley RF, Leighton P, Werther W, Felici D, Cox A. Patient population with multiple myeloma and transitions across different lines of therapy in the USA: an epidemiologic model. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2016; 25:871-9. [PMID: 27476979 DOI: 10.1002/pds.3927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2015] [Revised: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Multiple myeloma (MM) is a progressive, malignant neoplasia with a worldwide, age-standardized annual incidence of 1.5 per 100 000 individuals and 5-year prevalence around 230 000 patients. Main favorable prognostic factors are younger age, low/standard cytogenetic risk, and undergoing stem cell transplantation. Our aim was to estimate the size of the patient population with MM eligible to receive a new MM therapy at different lines of therapy in the USA. METHODS We constructed a compartmental, differential equation model representing the flow of MM patients from diagnosis to death, via two possible treatment pathways and distinguished in four groups based on prognostic factors. Parameters were obtained from published references, available statistics, and assumptions. The model was used to estimate number of diagnosed MM patients and number of patient transitions from one line of therapy to the next over 1 year. Model output included 95% credible intervals from probabilistic sensitivity analyses. RESULTS The base-case estimates were 80 219 patients living with MM, including 70 375 on treatment, 780 symptomatic untreated patients, and 9064 asymptomatic untreated patients. Over a 1-year period, the number of MM patients on treatment line 1 was estimated at 23 629 (credible intervals 22 236-25 029), and the number of transitions from treatment line 1 to treatment line 2 was estimated at 14 423. CONCLUSIONS The size of the patient population with MM on different lines of therapy and in patient subgroups of interest estimated from this epidemiologic model can be used to assess the number of patients who could benefit from new MM therapies and their corresponding budgetary impact. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rebecca F Baggaley
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | | | - Winifred Werther
- Onyx Pharmaceuticals, Inc., an Amgen subsidiary, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Diana Felici
- Onyx Pharmaceuticals, Inc., an Amgen subsidiary, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Andrew Cox
- Real World Evidence, Evidera, London, UK
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Manxhuka-Kerliu S, Sahatciu-Meka V, Kerliu I, Juniku-Shkololli A, Kerliu L, Kastrati M, Kotorri V. Small intestinal gastrointestinal stromal tumor in a young adult woman: a case report and review of the literature. J Med Case Rep 2014; 8:321. [PMID: 25264210 PMCID: PMC4188407 DOI: 10.1186/1752-1947-8-321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2014] [Accepted: 07/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Gastrointestinal stromal tumor is the most common sarcoma of the gastrointestinal tract. We report a case of gastrointestinal stromal tumor in a small intestine, initially suspected for leiomyosarcoma given that gastrointestinal stromal tumors in young adult patients are limited due to their rarity. Case presentation A 30-year-old Caucasian ethnic Albanian woman from Kosovo presented with abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting. Subsequently, the tumor was detected in her small intestine, as an infiltrating mass approximately 10cm in diameter. The tumor was resected en bloc and duodenojejunal terminal-terminal anastomosis was performed. The tumor was a large, bulky, intramural mass, with fish-flesh to tan-brown appearance, as well as with foci of hemorrhage and necrosis. On histological examination the tumor showed transmural growth, deep infiltrative pattern and malignant feature, with mitotic count >5 per 50 high-power field, dense cellularity with plump spindle cells, and with eosinophilic cytoplasm within variably hyalinized and edematous stroma, skeinoid fibers (extracellular collagen globules) and foci of hemorrhage. In addition, the tumor was composed of areas with epithelioid morphology. The immunohistochemistry results showed high expression of proto-oncogene c-kit, CD117, CD34 and vimentin, whereas α-smooth muscle actin was focally positive. Desmin and S-100 protein were negative. Conclusions Gastrointestinal stromal tumor should be included in the differential diagnoses of intestinal mesenchymal tumors presenting as a single mass in young female adults. Given that gastrointestinal stromal tumors in young adults represent a more heterogeneous group than gastrointestinal stromal tumor in pediatric cases, more effort should be made to investigate its pathogenesis and potentially more specific treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzana Manxhuka-Kerliu
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Prishtina, Mother Theresa Street NN, 10 000 Prishtina, Kosovo.
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