1
|
Iurescia S, Fioretti D, Rinaldi M. The Innate Immune Signalling Pathways: Turning RIG-I Sensor Activation Against Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3158. [PMID: 33121210 PMCID: PMC7693898 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last 15 years, the ability to harness a patient's own immune system has led to significant progress in cancer therapy. For instance, immunotherapeutic strategies, including checkpoint inhibitors or adoptive cell therapy using chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T), are specifically aimed at enhancing adaptive anti-tumour immunity. Several research groups demonstrated that adaptive anti-tumour immunity is highly sustained by innate immune responses. Host innate immunity provides the first line of defence and mediates recognition of danger signals through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), such as cytosolic sensors of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) signals. The retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) is a cytosolic RNA helicase, which detects viral double-strand RNA and, once activated, triggers signalling pathways, converging on the production of type I interferons, proinflammatory cytokines, and programmed cell death. Approaches aimed at activating RIG-I within cancers are being explored as novel therapeutic treatments to generate an inflammatory tumour microenvironment and to facilitate cytotoxic T-cell cross-priming and infiltration. Here, we provide an overview of studies regarding the role of RIG-I signalling in the tumour microenvironment, and the most recent preclinical studies that employ RIG-I agonists. Lastly, we present a selection of clinical trials designed to prove the antitumour role of RIG I and that may result in improved therapeutic outcomes for cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Iurescia
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), Department of Biomedical Science, National Research Council (CNR), 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | | | - Monica Rinaldi
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), Department of Biomedical Science, National Research Council (CNR), 00133 Rome, Italy;
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Elion DL, Jacobson ME, Hicks DJ, Rahman B, Sanchez V, Gonzales-Ericsson PI, Fedorova O, Pyle AM, Wilson JT, Cook RS. Therapeutically Active RIG-I Agonist Induces Immunogenic Tumor Cell Killing in Breast Cancers. Cancer Res 2018; 78:6183-6195. [PMID: 30224377 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-0730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapies that remove checkpoint restraints on adaptive immunity are gaining clinical momentum but have not achieved widespread success in breast cancers, a tumor type considered poorly immunogenic and which harbors a decreased presence of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. Approaches that activate innate immunity in breast cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment are of increasing interest, based on their ability to induce immunogenic tumor cell death, type I IFNs, and lymphocyte-recruiting chemokines. In agreement with reports in other cancers, we observe loss, downregulation, or mutation of the innate viral nucleotide sensor retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I/DDX58) in only 1% of clinical breast cancers, suggesting potentially widespread applicability for therapeutic RIG-I agonists that activate innate immunity. This was tested using an engineered RIG-I agonist in a breast cancer cell panel representing each of three major clinical breast cancer subtypes. Treatment with RIG-I agonist resulted in upregulation and mitochondrial localization of RIG-I and activation of proinflammatory transcription factors STAT1 and NF-κB. RIG-I agonist triggered the extrinsic apoptosis pathway and pyroptosis, a highly immunogenic form of cell death in breast cancer cells. RIG-I agonist also induced expression of lymphocyte-recruiting chemokines and type I IFN, confirming that cell death and cytokine modulation occur in a tumor cell-intrinsic manner. Importantly, RIG-I activation in breast tumors increased tumor lymphocytes and decreased tumor growth and metastasis. Overall, these findings demonstrate successful therapeutic delivery of a synthetic RIG-I agonist to induce tumor cell killing and to modulate the tumor microenvironment in vivo Significance: These findings describe the first in vivo delivery of RIG-I mimetics to tumors, demonstrating a potent immunogenic and therapeutic effect in the context of otherwise poorly immunogenic breast cancers. Cancer Res; 78(21); 6183-95. ©2018 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David L Elion
- Cancer Biology Graduate Program, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Max E Jacobson
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University School of Engineering, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Donna J Hicks
- Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Bushra Rahman
- Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Violeta Sanchez
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Paula I Gonzales-Ericsson
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Olga Fedorova
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland
| | - Anna M Pyle
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - John T Wilson
- Cancer Biology Graduate Program, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University School of Engineering, Nashville, Tennessee
- Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University School of Engineering, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Rebecca S Cook
- Cancer Biology Graduate Program, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee.
- Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University School of Engineering, Nashville, Tennessee
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yang J, Han S, Huang W, Chen T, Liu Y, Pan S, Li S. A meta-analysis of microRNA expression in liver cancer. PLoS One 2014; 9:e114533. [PMID: 25490558 PMCID: PMC4260848 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA (miRNA) played an important role in the progression of liver cancer and its diagnostic and prognostic values have been frequently studied. However, different microarray techniques and small sample size led to inconsistent findings in previous studies. We performed a comprehensive meta-analysis of a total of 357 tumor and 283 noncancerous samples from 12 published miRNA expression studies using robust rank aggregation method. As a result, we identified a statistically significant meta-signature of five upregulated (miR-221, miR-222, miR-93, miR-21 and miR-224) and four downregulated (miR-130a, miR-195, miR-199a and miR-375) miRNAs. We then conducted miRNA target prediction and pathway enrichment analysis to find what biological process these miRNAs might affect. We found that most of the pathways were frequently associated with cell signaling and cancer pathogenesis. Thus these miRNAs may involve in the onset and progression of liver cancer and serve as potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets of this malignancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingcheng Yang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Shuai Han
- First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Wenwen Huang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Department of Management Information System, College of Computer and Information Engineering, Guangxi Teachers Education University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Yang Liu
- First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Shangling Pan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Shikang Li
- First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liu F, Gu J. Retinoic acid inducible gene-I, more than a virus sensor. Protein Cell 2011; 2:351-7. [PMID: 21626268 PMCID: PMC4875335 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-011-1045-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2011] [Accepted: 04/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinoic acid inducible gene-I (RIG-I) is a caspase recruitment domain (CARD) containing protein that acts as an intracellular RNA receptor and senses virus infection. After binding to double stranded RNA (dsRNA) or 5'-triphosphate single stranded RNA (ssRNA), RIG-I transforms into an open conformation, translocates onto mitochondria, and interacts with the downstream adaptor mitochondrial antiviral signaling (MAVS) to induce the production of type I interferon and inflammatory factors via IRF3/7 and NF-κB pathways, respectively. Recently, accumulating evidence suggests that RIG-I could function in non-viral systems and participate in a series of biological events, such as inflammation and inflammation related diseases, cell proliferation, apoptosis and even senescence. Here we review recent advances in antiviral study of RIG-I as well as the functions of RIG-I in other fields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering and Plant Gene Engineering, LSC, Peking University, Beijing, 100871 China
| | - Jun Gu
- National Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering and Plant Gene Engineering, LSC, Peking University, Beijing, 100871 China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ryan J, Curran CE, Hennessy E, Newell J, Morris JC, Kerin MJ, Dwyer RM. The sodium iodide symporter (NIS) and potential regulators in normal, benign and malignant human breast tissue. PLoS One 2011; 6:e16023. [PMID: 21283523 PMCID: PMC3023714 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0016023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2010] [Accepted: 12/03/2010] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The presence, relevance and regulation of the Sodium Iodide Symporter (NIS) in human mammary tissue remains poorly understood. This study aimed to quantify relative expression of NIS and putative regulators in human breast tissue, with relationships observed further investigated in vitro. Methods Human breast tissue specimens (malignant n = 75, normal n = 15, fibroadenoma n = 10) were analysed by RQ-PCR targeting NIS, receptors for retinoic acid (RARα, RARβ), oestrogen (ERα), thyroid hormones (THRα, THRβ), and also phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K). Breast cancer cells were treated with Retinoic acid (ATRA), Estradiol and Thyroxine individually and in combination followed by analysis of changes in NIS expression. Results The lowest levels of NIS were detected in normal tissue (Mean(SEM) 0.70(0.12) Log10 Relative Quantity (RQ)) with significantly higher levels observed in fibroadenoma (1.69(0.21) Log10RQ, p<0.005) and malignant breast tissue (1.18(0.07) Log10RQ, p<0.05). Significant positive correlations were observed between human NIS and ERα (r = 0.22, p<0.05) and RARα (r = 0.29, p<0.005), with the strongest relationship observed between NIS and RARβ (r = 0.38, p<0.0001). An inverse relationship between NIS and PI3K expression was also observed (r = −0.21, p<0.05). In vitro, ATRA, Estradiol and Thyroxine individually stimulated significant increases in NIS expression (range 6–16 fold), while ATRA and Thyroxine combined caused the greatest increase (range 16–26 fold). Conclusion Although NIS expression is significantly higher in malignant compared to normal breast tissue, the highest level was detected in fibroadenoma. The data presented supports a role for retinoic acid and estradiol in mammary NIS regulation in vivo, and also highlights potential thyroidal regulation of mammary NIS mediated by thyroid hormones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James Ryan
- Division of Surgery, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway (NUIG), Galway, Ireland
| | - Catherine E. Curran
- Division of Surgery, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway (NUIG), Galway, Ireland
| | - Emer Hennessy
- Division of Surgery, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway (NUIG), Galway, Ireland
| | - John Newell
- School of Mathematics, Statistics and Applied Mathematics and Clinical Research Facility, National University of Ireland Galway (NUIG), Galway, Ireland
| | - John C. Morris
- Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Michael J. Kerin
- Division of Surgery, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway (NUIG), Galway, Ireland
| | - Roisin M. Dwyer
- Division of Surgery, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway (NUIG), Galway, Ireland
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hypomethylation and induction of retinoic acid receptor beta 2 by concurrent action of adenosine analogues and natural compounds in breast cancer cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2010; 638:47-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2010.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2010] [Revised: 03/10/2010] [Accepted: 04/13/2010] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
|
7
|
Park KS, Youn HJ, Jung SH. A Study for Expression and Biological Function of N-myc Downstream Regulated Gene 2 in Breast Cancer. J Breast Cancer 2007. [DOI: 10.4048/jbc.2007.10.3.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kui Sun Park
- Division of Breast-Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Hyun Jo Youn
- Division of Breast-Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Sung Hoo Jung
- Division of Breast-Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Xu XC. Tumor-suppressive activity of retinoic acid receptor-beta in cancer. Cancer Lett 2006; 253:14-24. [PMID: 17188427 PMCID: PMC2562790 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2006.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2006] [Revised: 11/20/2006] [Accepted: 11/22/2006] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Retinoids, a group of structural and functional analogs of vitamin A, are known to regulate a large number of essential biological processes and to suppress carcinogenesis. The effects of retinoids are mainly mediated by nuclear retinoid receptors, which include retinoic acid receptors (RARs) and retinoid X receptors (RXRs). Each receptor has three subtypes (alpha, beta, and gamma) and each subtype has different isoforms. Retinoic acid receptor-beta (RAR-beta) has four isoforms that have different affinities to retinoids and different biological functions. Loss of expression of RAR-beta(2) during cancer development is associated with tumorigenesis and retinoid resistance; induction of its expression, on the other hand, can suppress carcinogenesis. Expression of another isoform, RAR-beta(4), is increased in various types of cancer. RAR-beta(4) transgenic mice develop hyperplasia and neoplasia in various tissues, and induction of RAR-beta(4) expression increases the growth of tumor cells that do not express RAR-beta(2). Future studies will focus on molecular pathways involving RAR-beta(2) and the role of RAR-beta(4) in cancer development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Chun Xu
- *Corresponding author: Xiao-Chun Xu, Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, Unit 1360, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030. Phone: (713) 745-2940; Fax: (713) 563-5747; E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhang XY, Hu Y, Cui YP, Miao XP, Tian F, Xia YJ, Wu YQ, Liu X. Integrated genome-wide gene expression map and high-resolution analysis of aberrant chromosomal regions in squamous cell lung cancer. FEBS Lett 2006; 580:2774-8. [PMID: 16674950 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2006.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2006] [Revised: 04/06/2006] [Accepted: 04/12/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The recognition of recurrent aberrant regions in cancer is important to the discovery of candidate cancer related genes. Here we first constructed a genome-wide gene expression map of squamous lung carcinoma from the Stanford Microarray Database. High-resolution detection of aberrant chromosomal regions was performed by using moving-median method. 84% (27 of 32) of our results were consistent with the previous studies of comparative genomic hybridization or loss of heterozygosity. One overrepresented region in Xq28 was newly discovered to be related to squamous cell lung carcinoma. These observations could be of great interest for further studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yu Zhang
- Department of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|