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Meldrum K, Evans SJ, Vogel U, Tran L, Doak SH, Clift MJD. The influence of exposure approaches to in vitro lung epithelial barrier models to assess engineered nanomaterial hazard. Nanotoxicology 2022; 16:114-134. [PMID: 35343373 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2022.2051627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to engineered nanomaterials (ENM) poses a potential health risk to humans through long-term, repetitive low-dose exposures. Currently, this is not commonplace within in vitro lung cell cultures. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to consider the optimal exposure approach toward determining the stability, sensitivity and validity of using in vitro lung cell mono- and co-cultures to determine ENM hazard. A range of exposure scenarios were conducted with DQ12 (previously established as a positive particle control) (historic and re-activated), TiO2 (JRC NM-105) and BaSO4 (JRC NM-220) on both monocultures of A549 cells as well as co-cultures of A549 cells and differentiated THP-1 cells. Cell cultures were exposed to either a single, or a repeated exposure over 24, 48- or 72-hours at in vivo extrapolated concentrations of 0-5.2 µg/cm2, 0-6 µg/cm2 and 0-1µg/cm2. The focus of this study was the pro-inflammatory, cytotoxic and genotoxic response elicited by these ENMs. Exposure to DQ12 caused pro-inflammatory responses after 48 hours repeat exposures, as well as increases in micronucleus frequency. Neither TiO2 nor BaSO4 elicited a pro-inflammatory response at this time point. However, there was induction of IL-6 after 24 hours TiO2 exposure. In conclusion, it is important to consider the appropriateness of the positive control implemented, the cell culture model, the time of exposure as well as the type of exposure (bolus or fractionated) before establishing if an in vitro model is appropriate to determine the level of response to the specific ENM of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsty Meldrum
- In Vitro Toxicology Group, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | | | - Ulla Vogel
- The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lang Tran
- Institute of Occupational Medicine (IOM), Edinburgh, UK
| | - Shareen H Doak
- In Vitro Toxicology Group, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
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Li Y, Wang D, Li X. The blood cells in NSCLC and the changes after RFA. Int J Hyperthermia 2020; 37:753-762. [PMID: 32619369 DOI: 10.1080/02656736.2020.1782486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer has attracted a lot of attention because of its high morbidity and mortality. The emergence of RFA provides a new treatment for unresectable NSCLC patients. In addition to killing in situ lung tumors, RFA also provides new immuno-activated antigens, for the treatment of lung cancer. It changes the tumor microenvironment and activates the entire immune system of patients. The peripheral blood cell count is easy to achieve and the blood cells are important in tumor immunity, which changes after RFA. On the one hand, the changes in blood cells identify the immune changes of NSCLC; on the other hand, it provides support and suspicion for the treatment of RFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfang Li
- Department of Minimally Invasive Tumor Therapies Center, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China.,Graduate School of Perking Union Medical College, China Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dongdong Wang
- Minimally Invasive Interventional Therapy Center Department, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaoguang Li
- Department of Minimally Invasive Tumor Therapies Center, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China.,Graduate School of Perking Union Medical College, China Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Yu X, Song Z, Rao L, Tu Q, Zhou J, Yin Y, Chen D. Synergistic induction of CCL5, CXCL9 and CXCL10 by IFN-γ and NLRs ligands on human fibroblast-like synoviocytes-A potential immunopathological mechanism for joint inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 82:106356. [PMID: 32151958 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) is traditionally regarded as a proinflammatory cytokine by virtue of its strong macrophage activating potential and its association with Th1 driven immune responses. NOD1 and NOD2 are cytoplasmic receptors that can initiate the initial immune response by sensing bacterial components or danger signals. In this study, we investigated the immunopathological roles of IFN-γ and NOD1, 2 ligands iE-DAP/MDP on the activation of fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) in RA. FLS constitutively express functional NOD1 and NOD2, and the gene and protein expression of NOD1 and NOD2 could be enhanced by the treatment with IFN-γ. The synergistic effect was observed in the combined treatment of IFN-γ and NOD1 ligand iE-DAP or NOD2 ligand MDP on the release of CCL5, CXCL9 and CXCL10 from FLS, and its effect was in a dose-dependent manner. The co-stimulation which IFN-γ combined with iE-DAP/MDP could abolish the inhibition of CXCL8 level by IFN-γ alone. Further investigations showed that synergistic effects on the production of CCL5, CXCL9 and CXCL10 in FLS stimulated by IFN-γ and iE-DAP/MDP were differentially regulated by intracellular activation of NF-κB, p38MAPK and ERK pathways. In conclusion, our data confirmed the inflammatory effect of IFN-γ and iE-DAP/MDP on human FLS for the first time and therefore provided a new insight into the IFN-γ combined with NOD1 or NOD2 activated immunopathological mechanisms mediated by distinct intracellular signal transduction in joint inflammation of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders; China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child development and Critical Disorders; Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhixin Song
- Department of Clinical Laboratory; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders; China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child development and Critical Disorders; Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Lubei Rao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders; China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child development and Critical Disorders; Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Qianqian Tu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders; China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child development and Critical Disorders; Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders; China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child development and Critical Disorders; Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Yibing Yin
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dapeng Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders; China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child development and Critical Disorders; Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China.
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Park EJ, Park SJ, Kim S, Lee K, Chang J. Lung fibroblasts may play an important role in clearing apoptotic bodies of bronchial epithelial cells generated by exposure to PHMG-P-containing solution. Toxicol Lett 2018; 286:108-119. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Maknitikul S, Luplertlop N, Chaisri U, Maneerat Y, Ampawong S. Featured Article: Immunomodulatory effect of hemozoin on pneumocyte apoptosis via CARD9 pathway, a possibly retarding pulmonary resolution. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2018; 243:395-407. [PMID: 29402133 DOI: 10.1177/1535370218757458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmodium falciparum, the most virulent malaria parasite species, causes severe symptoms especially acute lung injury (ALI), of which characterized by alveolar epithelium and endothelium destruction and accelerated to blood-gas-barrier breakdown. Parasitized erythrocytes, endothelial cells, monocytes, and cytokines are all involved in this mechanism, but hemozoin (HZ), the parasitic waste from heme detoxification, also mainly contributes. In addition, it is not clear why type II pneumocyte proliferation, alveolar restorative stage, is rare in malaria-associated ALI. To address this, in vitro culture of A549 cells with Plasmodium HZ or with interleukin (IL)-1β triggered by HZ and monocytes (HZ-IL-1β) was conducted to determine their alveolar apoptotic effect using ethidium bromide/acridine orange staining, annexin-V-FITC/propidium iodide staining, and electron mircroscopic study. Caspase recruitment domain-containing protein 9 ( CARD9), the apoptotic regulator gene, and IL-1β were quantified by reverse-transcriptase PCR. Junctional cellular defects were characterized by immunohistochemical staining of E-cadherin. The results revealed that cellular apoptosis and CARD9 expression levels were extremely high 24 h after induction by HZ-IL-1β when compared to the HZ- and non-treated groups. E-cadherin was markedly down-regulated by HZ-IL-1β and HZ treatments. CARD9 expression was positively correlated with IL-1β expression and the number of apoptotic cells. Interestingly, the localization of HZ in the vesicular surfactant of apoptotic pneumocyte was also identified and submitted to be a cause of alveolar resolution abnormality. Thus, HZ triggers monocytes to produce IL-1β and induces pneumocyte type II apoptosis through CARD9 pathway in association with down-regulated E-cadherin, which probably impairs alveolar resolution in malaria-associated ALI. Impact statement The present work shows the physical and immunomodulatory properties of hemozoin on the induction of pneumocyte apoptosis in relation to IL-1β production through the CARD9 pathway. This occurrence may be a possible pathway for the retardation of lung resolution leading to blood-gas-barrier breakdown. Our findings lead to the understanding of the host-parasite relationship focusing on the dysfunction in ALI induced by HZ, a possible pathway of the recovering lung epithelial retardation in malaria-associated ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sitang Maknitikul
- 1 Department of Tropical Pathology, 115374 Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University , Ratchathewi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Natthanej Luplertlop
- 2 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, 115374 Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University , Ratchathewi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Urai Chaisri
- 1 Department of Tropical Pathology, 115374 Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University , Ratchathewi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Yaowapa Maneerat
- 1 Department of Tropical Pathology, 115374 Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University , Ratchathewi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Sumate Ampawong
- 1 Department of Tropical Pathology, 115374 Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University , Ratchathewi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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Prina-Mello A, Jain N, Liu B, Kilpatrick JI, Tutty MA, Bell AP, Jarvis SP, Volkov Y, Movia D. Culturing substrates influence the morphological, mechanical and biochemical features of lung adenocarcinoma cells cultured in 2D or 3D. Tissue Cell 2017; 50:15-30. [PMID: 29429514 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Alternative models such as three-dimensional (3D) cell cultures represent a distinct milestone towards capturing the realities of cancer biology in vitro and reduce animal experimentation in the preclinical stage of drug discovery. Significant work remains to be done to understand how substrates used in in vitro alternatives influence cancer cells phenotype and drug efficacy responses, so that to accurately link such models to specific in vivo disease scenarios. Our study describes how the morphological, mechanical and biochemical properties of adenocarcinoma (A549) cells change in response to a 3D environment and varying substrates. Confocal Laser Scanning (LSCM), He-Ion (HIM) and Atomic Force (AFM) microscopies, supported by ELISA and Western blotting, were used. These techniques enabled us to evaluate the shape, cytoskeletal organization, roughness, stiffness and biochemical signatures of cells grown within soft 3D matrices (PuraMatrix™ and Matrigel™), and to compare them to those of cells cultured on two-dimensional glass substrates. Cell cultures are also characterized for their biological response to docetaxel, a taxane-type drug used in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) treatment. Our results offer an advanced biophysical insight into the properties and potential application of 3D cultures of A549 cells as in vitro alternatives in lung cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriele Prina-Mello
- CRANN Institute and AMBER Centre, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland; Laboratory for Biological Characterization of Advanced Materials (LBCAM), Trinity Translational Medicine Institute (TTMI), Trinity College Dublin, Ireland; Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Namrata Jain
- CRANN Institute and AMBER Centre, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Baiyun Liu
- School of Physics, University College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jason I Kilpatrick
- Conway Institute of Biomedical and Biomolecular Research, University College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Melissa A Tutty
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Alan P Bell
- CRANN Institute and AMBER Centre, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland; Advanced Microscopy Laboratory (AML), Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Suzanne P Jarvis
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland; School of Physics, University College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Yuri Volkov
- CRANN Institute and AMBER Centre, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland; Laboratory for Biological Characterization of Advanced Materials (LBCAM), Trinity Translational Medicine Institute (TTMI), Trinity College Dublin, Ireland; Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Dania Movia
- Laboratory for Biological Characterization of Advanced Materials (LBCAM), Trinity Translational Medicine Institute (TTMI), Trinity College Dublin, Ireland; Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland.
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Simon AB, Frampton JP, Huang NT, Kurabayashi K, Paczesny S, Takayama S. Aqueous two-phase systems enable multiplexing of homogeneous immunoassays. TECHNOLOGY 2014; 2:176. [PMID: 25083509 PMCID: PMC4114222 DOI: 10.1142/s2339547814500150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative measurement of protein biomarkers is critical for biomarker validation and early disease detection. Current multiplex immunoassays are time consuming costly and can suffer from low accuracy. For example, multiplex ELISAs require multiple, tedious, washing and blocking steps. Moreover, they suffer from nonspecific antibody cross-reactions, leading to high background and false-positive signals. Here, we show that co-localizing antibody-bead pairs in an aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) enables multiplexing of sensitive, no-wash, homogeneous assays, while preventing nonspecific antibody cross-reactions. Our cross-reaction-free, multiplex assay can simultaneously detect picomolar concentrations of four protein biomarkers ((C-X-C motif) ligand 10 (CXCL10), CXCL9, interleukin (IL)-8 and IL-6) in cell supernatants using a single assay well. The potential clinical utility of the assay is demonstrated by detecting diagnostic biomarkers (CXCL10 and CXCL9) in plasma from 88 patients at the onset of the clinical symptoms of chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD).
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Feld M, Goerge T, Hillgruber C, Steingräber AK, Fastrich M, Shpacovitch V, Steinhoff M. α-1-Antitrypsin and IFN-γ reduce the severity of IC-mediated vasculitis by regulation of leukocyte recruitment in vivo. J Invest Dermatol 2012; 132:2286-95. [PMID: 22572816 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2012.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
IC-mediated vasculitis (ICV) can be life threatening. The cellular and immune mechanisms controlling ICV are poorly understood. Therefore, we investigated the role of α-1-antitrypsin (α1AT) and IFN-γ in reducing the severity of ICV in a mouse model in vivo. To induce ICV, mice were challenged with the reverse passive Arthus reaction (RPA), the prototypic in vivo model for leukocytoclastic vasculitis (LcV), and the modulation of vascular permeability, edema formation, and leukocyte recruitment was studied. To further analyze the dynamics of RPA, we applied intravital microscopy in the dorsal skinfold chamber. α1AT continuously led to reduced leukocyte recruitment. α1AT interfered with neutrophil recruitment through a KC-dependent mechanism and reduced KC-elicited neutrophil activation. In contrast to α1AT, IFN-γ-reduced leukocyte recruitment during RPA was clearly independent of KC. We also revealed that the recruitment of neutrophils during RPA was a prerequisite for full KC expression. Thus, therapeutic administration of α1AT and IFN-γ might be beneficial for limiting the duration and severity of ICV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micha Feld
- Department of Dermatology and Boltzmann Institute for Immunobiology of Skin, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
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Yoshikawa Y, Hirayasu H, Tsuzuki S, Fushiki T. Granzyme A and thrombin differentially promote the release of interleukin-8 from alveolar epithelial A549 cells. Cytotechnology 2010; 62:325-32. [PMID: 20424914 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-010-9275-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2010] [Accepted: 04/15/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Some of extracellular serine proteases with trypsin-like specificity of cleavage have been known to increase the release of inflammatory mediators from various cell types. For instance, two well-known trypsin-like serine proteases circulating in blood, granzyme A (GrA) and thrombin, have been found to promote interleukin (IL)-8 release from an alveolar epithelial A549 cell line. However, the mechanisms by which the proteases promote IL-8 release from the cells are not fully understood. In the present study, using A549 cells we found that (1) thrombin promoted IL-8 release from the cells via a mechanism partially involving activation of protease-activated receptor-1, a G-protein coupled receptor, whereas a recombinant form of GrA (rGrA) did it via a mechanism that does not involve the receptor activation; that (2) unlike rGrA, thrombin did not cause detachment and microtubule disruption of the cells; and that (3) the release of IL-8 induced by rGrA was inhibited in the presence of taxol, a microtubule-stabilizing reagent, whereas that induced by thrombin was not. These findings suggest that rGrA and thrombin promote the release of IL-8 from A549 cells through distinct mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumiko Yoshikawa
- Laboratory of Nutrition Chemistry, Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
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Antitumor activity and pharmacokinetic properties of ARS-interacting multi-functional protein 1 (AIMP1/p43). Cancer Lett 2010; 287:157-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2009.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2009] [Revised: 06/03/2009] [Accepted: 06/04/2009] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Van Dyke AL, Cote ML, Wenzlaff AS, Chen W, Abrams J, Land S, Giroux CN, Schwartz AG. Cytokine and cytokine receptor single-nucleotide polymorphisms predict risk for non-small cell lung cancer among women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009; 18:1829-40. [PMID: 19505916 PMCID: PMC3771080 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-08-0962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies on the relationships between inflammatory pathway genes and lung cancer risk have not included African-Americans and have only included a handful of genes. In a population-based case-control study on 198 African-American and 744 Caucasian women, we examined the association between 70 cytokine and cytokine receptor single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and risk of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Unconditional logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals in a dominant model adjusting for major risk factors for lung cancer. Separate analyses were conducted by race and by smoking history and history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease among Caucasians. Random forest analysis was conducted by race. On logistic regression analysis, IL6 (interleukin 6), IL7R, IL15, TNF (tumor necrosis factor), and IL10 SNP were associated with risk of non-small cell lung cancer among African-Americans; IL7R and IL10 SNPs were also associated with risk of lung cancer among Caucasians. Although random forest analysis showed IL7R and IL10 SNPs as being associated with risk for lung cancer among African-Americans, it also identified TNFRSF10A SNP as an important predictor. On random forest analysis, an IL1A SNP was identified as an important predictor of lung cancer among Caucasian women. Inflammatory SNPs differentially predicted risk for NSCLC according to race, as well as based on smoking history and history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease among Caucasian women. Pathway analysis results are presented. Inflammatory pathway genotypes may serve to define a high risk group; further exploration of these genes in minority populations is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison L Van Dyke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA.
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