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Wesselink E, Gauderman W, Berndt SI, Brenner H, Buchanan DD, Campbell PT, Chan AT, Chang-Claude J, Cotterchoi M, Gunter MJ, Hoffmeister M, Joshi AD, Newton CC, Pai RK, Pellatt AJ, Phipps AI, Song M, Um CY, van Guelpen B, White E, Peters U, van Duijnhoven FJB. Calcium intake and genetic variants in the calcium sensing receptor in relation to colorectal cancer mortality: an international consortium study of 18,952 patients. BJC REPORTS 2024; 2:63. [PMID: 39233917 PMCID: PMC11368808 DOI: 10.1038/s44276-024-00077-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
Background Research on calcium intake as well as variants in the calcium sensor receptor (CaSR) gene and their interaction in relation to CRC survival is still limited. Methods Data from 18,952 CRC patients, were included. Associations between primarily pre-diagnostic dietary (n = 13.085), supplemental (n = 11,837), total calcium intake (n = 5970) as well as 325 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the CaSR gene (n = 15,734) in relation to CRC-specific and all-cause mortality were assessed using Cox proportional hazard models. Also interactions between calcium intake and variants in the CaSR gene were assessed. Results During a median follow-up of 4.8 years (IQR 2.4-8.4), 6801 deaths occurred, of which 4194 related to CRC. For all-cause mortality, no associations were observed for the highest compared to the lowest sex- and study-specific quartile of dietary (HR 1.00, 95%CI 0.92-1.09), supplemental (HR 0.97, 95%CI 0.89-1.06) and total calcium intake (HR 0.99, 95%CI 0.88-1.11). No associations with CRC-specific mortality were observed either. Interactions were observed between supplemental calcium intake and several SNPs of the CaSR gene. Conclusion Calcium intake was not associated with all-cause or CRC-specific mortality in CRC patients. The association between supplemental calcium intake and all-cause and CRC-specific mortality may be modified by genetic variants in the CaSR gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evertine Wesselink
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - William Gauderman
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Sonja I. Berndt
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniel D. Buchanan
- Colorectal Oncogenomics Group, Department of Clinical Pathology, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC Australia
- University of Melbourne Centre for Cancer Research, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC Australia
- Genomic Medicine and Family Cancer Clinic, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC Australia
| | - Peter T. Campbell
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY USA
| | - Andrew T. Chan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA USA
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, University Cancer Centre Hamburg (UCCH), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michelle Cotterchoi
- Prevention and Cancer Control, Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, ON Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Marc J. Gunter
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics School of Public Health Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Michael Hoffmeister
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Amit D. Joshi
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA USA
| | - Christina C. Newton
- Department of Population Science, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia USA
| | - Rish K. Pai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ USA
| | - Andrew J. Pellatt
- Department of Cancer Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Amanda I. Phipps
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Mingyang Song
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
- Departments of Epidemiology and Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA USA
| | - Caroline Y. Um
- Department of Population Science, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia USA
| | - Bethany van Guelpen
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology Unit, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Emily White
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Ulrike Peters
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA USA
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Han S, Yao J, Yamazaki H, Streicher SA, Rao J, Nianogo RA, Zhang Z, Huang BZ. Genetically Determined Circulating Lactase/Phlorizin Hydrolase Concentrations and Risk of Colorectal Cancer: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study. Nutrients 2024; 16:808. [PMID: 38542719 PMCID: PMC10975724 DOI: 10.3390/nu16060808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Previous research has found that milk is associated with a decreased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, it is unclear whether the milk digestion by the enzyme lactase-phlorizin hydrolase (LPH) plays a role in CRC susceptibility. Our study aims to investigate the direct causal relationship of CRC risk with LPH levels by applying a two-sample Mendelian Randomization (MR) strategy. Genetic instruments for LPH were derived from the Fenland Study, and CRC-associated summary statistics for these instruments were extracted from the FinnGen Study, PLCO Atlas Project, and Pan-UK Biobank. Primary MR analyses focused on a cis-variant (rs4988235) for LPH levels, with results integrated via meta-analysis. MR analyses using all variants were also undertaken. This analytical approach was further extended to assess CRC subtypes (colon and rectal). Meta-analysis across the three datasets illustrated an inverse association between genetically predicted LPH levels and CRC risk (OR: 0.92 [95% CI, 0.89-0.95]). Subtype analyses revealed associations of elevated LPH levels with reduced risks for both colon (OR: 0.92 [95% CI, 0.89-0.96]) and rectal cancer (OR: 0.92 [95% CI, 0.87, 0.98]). Consistency was observed across varied analytical methods and datasets. Further exploration is warranted to unveil the underlying mechanisms and validate LPH's potential role in CRC prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihao Han
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (J.Y.); (J.R.); (R.A.N.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Jiemin Yao
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (J.Y.); (J.R.); (R.A.N.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Hajime Yamazaki
- Section of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Community Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8303, Japan;
- Center for Innovative Research for Communities and Clinical Excellence (CiRC2LE), Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Samantha A. Streicher
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Population Sciences in the Pacific Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA;
| | - Jianyu Rao
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (J.Y.); (J.R.); (R.A.N.); (Z.Z.)
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Roch A. Nianogo
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (J.Y.); (J.R.); (R.A.N.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Zuofeng Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (J.Y.); (J.R.); (R.A.N.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Brian Z. Huang
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA;
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
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Asfari MM, Hamid O, Sarmini MT, Kendrick K, Pappoppula LP, Sifuentes H, Sridhar S. The Association of Lactose Intolerance With Colon and Gastric Cancers: Friend or Foe? Cureus 2022; 14:e24713. [PMID: 35676992 PMCID: PMC9166465 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.24713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Lactose intolerance (LI) appears usually in later ages when the lactase enzyme becomes deficient or absent in the small intestine. Conflicting results have been reported in the literature about the association of lactose intolerance with various gastrointestinal malignancies. Hence, our aim was to study the association between LI, colon cancer (CCa), and gastric cancer (GC) using a large database.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed using the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database between 2004 and 2014. We identified adult patients (18-90 years) who were diagnosed with LI (study group) using appropriate International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9) codes. The control group comprised patients who did not have a diagnosis of LI. We identified the diagnosis of CCa and GC in both study and control groups using the ICD-9 codes. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the association between LI, CCa, and GC.
Results: The total population comprised 71,360,501 patients, of which 57,909 (0.08%) were diagnosed with LI. LI patients were older (62 vs 51 years) with more females (61.5% vs 60.1%) and less African American patients (11.8% vs 14.3%) (p <0.0001 for all). In addition, LI patients had more smoking (12.4% vs 12%) and obesity (15% vs 8.9%). On the other hand, patients in the LI group had less alcohol use (3.8% vs 4.2%) (p <0.0001). After adjusting for the age, gender, race, smoking, alcohol, obesity, and inflammatory bowel disease, the LI group had a slightly lower rate of CCa (OR 0 .974, 95%CI 0.906-1.048, p = 0.486) and a lower rate of GC (OR: 0.993, 95%CI 0.924-1.068, p =0.853); however, the results were not statistically significant.
Conclusion: Patients with lactose intolerance may have a lower risk of colon and gastric cancer. However, these findings were not statistically significant. Further studies are needed to understand this association.
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Diao Y, Xu Q. CASR rs1801725 polymorphism is associated with the risk and prognosis of colorectal cancer: A case-control study. J Clin Lab Anal 2020; 34:e23463. [PMID: 32648293 PMCID: PMC7676189 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The extracellular calcium-sensing receptor (CASR) controls body calcium homeostasis. Increased levels of calcium are associated with protecting against colorectal cancer (CRC). This study aimed to determine the relationship between CASR gene rs1801725 polymorphism and CRC risk and prognosis. METHODS We conducted a hospital-based case-control study and a meta-analysis to evaluate the association of CASR gene rs1801725 polymorphism with CRC susceptibility. RESULTS This study proved that CASR rs1801725 polymorphism was associated with a higher risk to develop CRC (TT vs GG: OR 1.92, 95% CI [1.03-3.59], P = .042; T vs G: OR 1.30, 95% CI [1.03-1.64], P = .030). Subgroup analysis showed that this polymorphism increased the risk of CRC among smokers, and those aged ≥60 years (TT vs GG: OR 3.37, 95% CI [1.12-10.14], P = .034). We also found that this polymorphism was associated with the tumor size, TNM stage, and lymph node metastasis of CRC (GT vs GG: OR 2.03, 95% CI [1.32-3.10], P = .001). In addition, CASR gene rs1801725 polymorphism correlated with the survival of CRC patients. Further meta-analysis also obtained a significant association between this SNP and CRC risk (TT + GT vs GG: OR 1.28, 95% CI [1.01, 1.63], P = .041). Subgroup analyses by ethnicity observed a link between rs1801725 polymorphism and CRC risk in Asians, but not in Caucasians and mixed populations. CONCLUSION In conclusion, this case-control study and meta-analysis showed that CASR rs1801725 polymorphism increased the risk of CRC. Further studies from other races are urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu‐E Diao
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryAffiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University (Wuxi Third People's Hospital)WuxiChina
| | - Qing Xu
- Department of Anorectal SurgeryNantong Third People's HospitalNantong UniversityNantongChina
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Matana A, Popović M, Torlak V, Punda A, Barbalić M, Zemunik T. Effects of genetic variants on serum parathyroid hormone in hyperparathyroidism and end-stage renal disease patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e10834. [PMID: 29794776 PMCID: PMC6392899 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000010834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is one of the principal regulators of calcium homeostasis, crucial for normal functioning of the kidneys, bones, heart, and nervous system. Different pathologic conditions can affect serum PTH level resulting in hyperparathyroidism or hypoparathyroidism. Our study assessed the association of previously reported polymorphisms with the level of PTH (expressed in pg/mL) among individuals with different pathologic conditions affecting PTH level. METHODS We searched Web of Science, MEDLINE, and Scopus to identify relevant articles published up to July 2017. The search yielded 6967 publications of which 44 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. We conducted meta-analyses for calcium-sensing receptor gene (CaSR) rs1801725 polymorphism in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism and vitamin D receptor gene (VDR) rs1544410 polymorphism in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). RESULTS None of the polymorphisms were significantly associated with PTH levels in the overall population. In subgroup analysis by ethnicity for VDR rs1544410 gene polymorphism, we found significant differences under dominant model (SMD: -0.18 [-0.32, -0.05], P < .01) and AA versus GG comparison (SMD: -0.29 [-0.52, -0.06], P < .01) in Asian patients with ESRD, while nominally significant results (P < .05) were observed for AG versus GG and AA versus GG comparisons in European individuals with ESRD. CONCLUSION Scientific evidence of genetic association of serum PTH level among individuals with different pathologic conditions remains deficient and published results provide weak evidence. Further well-conducted studies on larger sample sets designed according to evidence-based principles are warranted to assure clinically applicable findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonela Matana
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Split, School of Medicine
| | - Marijana Popović
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Split, School of Medicine
| | - Vesela Torlak
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Ante Punda
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Maja Barbalić
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Split, School of Medicine
| | - Tatijana Zemunik
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Split, School of Medicine
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Huang H, Li T, Liao D, Zhu Z, Dong Y. Quantitative assessment of the clinical susceptibility of calcium-sensing receptor polymorphisms in cancer patients. Cancer Manag Res 2018; 10:755-763. [PMID: 29695932 PMCID: PMC5903842 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s147751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Accumulating evidence has suggested a relationship between calcium-sensing receptor (CASR) polymorphisms and cancer risk in different types of cancer; however, the findings from epidemiologic studies have been conflicting. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to assess the clinical susceptibility of CASR polymorphisms in cancer patients. Materials and methods This study systematically searched MEDLINE and EMBASE databases for eligible articles through March 2017. The strength of association was expressed as odds ratio and 95% CI. Publication bias, heterogeneity, sensitivity analysis, and subgroup analyses were also examined. Results Fourteen related case–control studies were finally identified to be included in the present analysis. The pooled result showed that no significant associations were found among CASR rs1801725, rs1042636, rs12485716, rs4678174, rs1801726, rs17251221, rs10934578, and rs2270916 polymorphisms and cancer risk under all genetic models (P>0.05). The relationship between CASR rs1801725 polymorphism and risk of cancer was consistent in the subgroup analyses, and robust in sensitivity analysis. No publication bias was presented in our pooled-analysis. Conclusion The current evidence for our pooled analysis suggests that the CASR polymorphisms are not associated with an increased risk of cancer. Further larger studies are still necessary to warrant and validate the findings in the current meta-analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haohai Huang
- Department of Science and Education, Dongguan Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Dongguan Shilong People's Hospital of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, People's Hospital of Gaozhou, Gaozhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Dan Liao
- Department of Gynaecology & Obstetrics, Dongguan Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Dongguan Shilong People's Hospital of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China.,China-American Cancer Research Institute, Dongguan Scientific Research Center, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhu Zhu
- China-American Cancer Research Institute, Dongguan Scientific Research Center, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Yong Dong
- Department of Cancer Center, Dongguan Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Dongguan Shilong People's Hospital of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
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Gençdal G, Salman E, Özütemiz Ö, Akarca US. Association of LCT-13910 C/T Polymorphism and Colorectal Cancer. Ann Coloproctol 2017; 33:169-172. [PMID: 29159163 PMCID: PMC5683966 DOI: 10.3393/ac.2017.33.5.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The activity of epithelial lactase (LCT) is associated with a polymorphism 13910 bp upstream in the lactase encoding gene. Because the association between the LCT-13910 polymorphism and the risk for colorectal cancer is not clear, we investigated the role of the LCT-13910 polymorphism as a potential risk factor for colorectal cancer and colorectal polyps in the Turkish population. Methods One hundred sixty-six subjects (74 with polyps, 44 with colorectal cancer, 48 controls), who had undergone a total colonoscopy between January 2012 and November 2012 in our endoscopy unit were genotyped for the LCT-13910 polymorphism by using the polymerase chain reaction and minisequencing. Results The CC genotype in the lactose gene 13910 locus, which is accepted as the genetic indicator of lactase deficiency, was determined as 83.7%. The CC genotype rate was determined as 89.1% in patients who had a history of lactose intolerance and 81.5% in those without a history of lactose intolerance (P = 0.236). No difference was detected between the patients who had colorectal polyp(s) and/or cancer and the controls with regard to the LCT-13910 polymorphism. No differences were determined between groups when they were compared with regard to the C or the T allele. Conclusion No differences were detected between the patients who had colorectal polyp(s) and/or cancer and those with normal colonoscopy findings with regard to lactase gene polymorphisms. No differences were determined between the groups when they were compared with regard to the C or the T allele.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genco Gençdal
- Ege University School of Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Esin Salman
- Ege University School of Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ömer Özütemiz
- Ege University School of Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ulus S Akarca
- Ege University School of Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology, Izmir, Turkey
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Vitamin D receptor and calcium-sensing receptor polymorphisms and colorectal cancer survival in the Newfoundland population. Br J Cancer 2017; 117:898-906. [PMID: 28765616 PMCID: PMC5589991 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2017.242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Increased serum levels of vitamin D and calcium have been associated with lower risks of colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence and mortality. These inverse associations may be mediated by the vitamin D receptor (VDR) and the calcium-sensing receptor (CASR). We investigated genetic variants in VDR and CASR for their relevance to CRC prognosis. Methods: A population-based cohort of 531 CRC patients diagnosed from 1999 to 2003 in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada, was followed for mortality and cancer recurrence until April 2010. Germline DNA samples were genotyped with the Illumina Omni-Quad 1 Million chip. Multivariate Cox models assessed 41 tag single-nucleotide polymorphisms and relative haplotypes on VDR and CASR in relation to all-cause mortality (overall survival, OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). Results: Gene-level associations were observed between VDR and the DFS of rectal cancer patients (P=0.037) as well as between CASR and the OS of colon cancer patients (P=0.014). Haplotype analysis within linkage blocks of CASR revealed the G-G-G-G-G-A-C haplotype (rs10222633-rs10934578-rs3804592-rs17250717-A986S-R990G-rs1802757) to be associated with a decreased OS of colon cancer (HR, 3.15; 95% CI, 1.66–5.96). Potential interactions were seen among prediagnostic dietary calcium intake with the CASR R990G (Pint=0.040) and the CASR G-T-G-G-G-G-C haplotype for rs10222633-rs10934578-rs3804592-rs17250717-A986S-R990G-rs1802757 (Pint=0.017), with decreased OS time associated with these variants limited to patients consuming dietary calcium below the median, although the stratified results were not statistically significant after correction for multiple testing. Conclusions: Polymorphic variations in VDR and CASR may be associated with survival after a diagnosis of CRC.
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Mahmoudi T, Karimi K, Arkani M, Farahani H, Nobakht H, Dabiri R, Asadi A, Zali MR. Parathyroid hormone gene rs6256 and calcium sensing receptor gene rs1801725 variants are not associated with susceptibility to colorectal cancer in Iran. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2017; 15:6035-9. [PMID: 25124570 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.15.6035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Substantial evidence from epidemiological studies has suggested that increased levels of calcium may play a protective role against colorectal cancer (CRC). Given the vital role of calcium sensing receptor (CaSR) and parathyroid hormone (PTH) in the maintenance of calcium homeostasis, we explored whether the rs1801725 (A986S) variant located in exon 7 of the CaSR gene and the rs6256 variant located in exon 3 of PTH gene might be associated with CRC risk. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study 860 subjects including 350 cases with CRC and 510 controls were enrolled and genotyped using PCR-RFLP methods. RESULTS We observed no significant difference in genotype or allele frequencies between the cases with CRC and controls for both CaSR and PTH genes either before or after adjustment for confounding factors including age, BMI, sex, smoking status, and family history of CRC. Furthermore, no evidence for effect modification of any association of rs1801725 and rs6256 variants and CRC by BMI, sex, or tumor site was observed. In addition, there was no significant difference in genotype and allele frequencies between the normal weight (BMI<25 kg/m2) cases and overweight/ obese (BMI≥25 kg/m2) cases for the two SNPs. CONCLUSIONS These data indicated that the CaSR gene A986S variant is not a genetic contributor to CRC risk in the Iranian population. Furthermore, our results suggest for the first time that PTH gene variant does not affect CRC risk. Nonetheless, further studies with larger sample size are needed to validate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Touraj Mahmoudi
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran E-mail :
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Thorning TK, Raben A, Tholstrup T, Soedamah-Muthu SS, Givens I, Astrup A. Milk and dairy products: good or bad for human health? An assessment of the totality of scientific evidence. Food Nutr Res 2016; 60:32527. [PMID: 27882862 PMCID: PMC5122229 DOI: 10.3402/fnr.v60.32527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is scepticism about health effects of dairy products in the public, which is reflected in an increasing intake of plant-based drinks, for example, from soy, rice, almond, or oat. Objective This review aimed to assess the scientific evidence mainly from meta-analyses of observational studies and randomised controlled trials, on dairy intake and risk of obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, cancer, and all-cause mortality. Results The most recent evidence suggested that intake of milk and dairy products was associated with reduced risk of childhood obesity. In adults, intake of dairy products was shown to improve body composition and facilitate weight loss during energy restriction. In addition, intake of milk and dairy products was associated with a neutral or reduced risk of type 2 diabetes and a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease, particularly stroke. Furthermore, the evidence suggested a beneficial effect of milk and dairy intake on bone mineral density but no association with risk of bone fracture. Among cancers, milk and dairy intake was inversely associated with colorectal cancer, bladder cancer, gastric cancer, and breast cancer, and not associated with risk of pancreatic cancer, ovarian cancer, or lung cancer, while the evidence for prostate cancer risk was inconsistent. Finally, consumption of milk and dairy products was not associated with all-cause mortality. Calcium-fortified plant-based drinks have been included as an alternative to dairy products in the nutrition recommendations in several countries. However, nutritionally, cow's milk and plant-based drinks are completely different foods, and an evidence-based conclusion on the health value of the plant-based drinks requires more studies in humans. Conclusion The totality of available scientific evidence supports that intake of milk and dairy products contribute to meet nutrient recommendations, and may protect against the most prevalent chronic diseases, whereas very few adverse effects have been reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Kongerslev Thorning
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Raben
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tine Tholstrup
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Ian Givens
- Centre for Food, Nutrition and Health, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Arne Astrup
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark;
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Dabiri R, Mahmoudi T, Farahani H, Nobakht H, Zali MR. Alanine to Serine Variant at Position 986 of Calcium Sensing Receptor and Colorectal Cancer Risk. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF CANCER PREVENTION 2016; 9:e8098. [PMID: 27761213 PMCID: PMC5056015 DOI: 10.17795/ijcp-8098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With regard to the effect of calcium against colorectal cancer (CRC) and considering the key role of calcium sensing receptor (CaSR) in calcium homeostasis, this study investigated whether CaSR gene rs1801725 or A986S variant was associated with susceptibility to CRC risk. METHODS This study was conducted as a case-control study and 303 cases with CRC and 354 controls were enrolled. All 657 subjects were genotyped for CaSR gene A986S variant using PCR-RFLP method. RESULTS No significant difference was observed for the A986S variant of CaSR gene in either genotype or allele frequencies between the cases and the controls and this lack of difference remained non-significant even after adjustment for age, BMI, sex, smoking status, and family history of CRC. No evidence for the effect modification of the association A986S variant and CRC by BMI, sex, or tumor site was also observed. Furthermore, the risk of obesity in relation to the A986S variant in the controls and the cases was separately analyzed and we observed no significant difference between normal weight (BMI < 25kg/m2) and overweight/obese (BMI ≥ 25kg/m2) subjects. CONCLUSIONS Our findings do not support a role for effect of the CaSR gene A986S variant on CRC risk; nevertheless, this finding requires confirmation and the role of the gene variant in carcinogenesis needs to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Dabiri
- Internal Medicine Department, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, IR Iran
| | - Touraj Mahmoudi
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Hamid Farahani
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, IR Iran
| | - Hossein Nobakht
- Internal Medicine Department, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, IR Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Zali
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
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12
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Jeong S, Kim JH, Kim MG, Han N, Kim IW, Kim T, Oh JM. Genetic polymorphisms of CASR and cancer risk: evidence from meta-analysis and HuGE review. Onco Targets Ther 2016; 9:655-69. [PMID: 26929638 PMCID: PMC4755434 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s97602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background CASR gene appears to be involved in cancer biology and physiology. However, a number of studies investigating CASR polymorphisms and cancer risks have presented inconclusive results. Thus, a systematic review and a meta-analysis of the effect of CASR polymorphisms on several cancer risks were performed to suggest a statistical evidence for the association of CASR polymorphisms with cancer risks. Methods MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus, and the HuGE databases were searched. Nineteen articles of case–control and cohort studies were included for the final analysis. Results The colorectal cancer risk was reduced in proximal (odds ratio [OR] =0.679, P=0.001) and distal (OR =0.753, P=0.026) colon sites with GG genotype of CASR rs1042636 and increased in distal colon site (OR =1.418, P=0.039) with GG genotype of rs1801726 by additive genetic model. The rs17251221 demonstrated noticeable associations that carrying a homozygote variant increases breast and prostate cancer risk considerably. Conclusion The significant association of CASR polymorphisms with several cancer risks was observed in this review. In particular, the act of CASR polymorphisms as a tumor suppressor or an oncogene differs by cancer site and can be the research target for tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohyun Jeong
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae Hyun Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Myeong Gyu Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Nayoung Han
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - In-Wha Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Therasa Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung Mi Oh
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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Amiri M, Diekmann L, von Köckritz-Blickwede M, Naim HY. The Diverse Forms of Lactose Intolerance and the Putative Linkage to Several Cancers. Nutrients 2015; 7:7209-30. [PMID: 26343715 PMCID: PMC4586527 DOI: 10.3390/nu7095332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactase-phlorizin hydrolase (LPH) is a membrane glycoprotein and the only β-galactosidase of the brush border membrane of the intestinal epithelium. Besides active transcription, expression of the active LPH requires different maturation steps of the polypeptide through the secretory pathway, including N- and O-glycosylation, dimerization and proteolytic cleavage steps. The inability to digest lactose due to insufficient lactase activity results in gastrointestinal symptoms known as lactose intolerance. In this review, we will concentrate on the structural and functional features of LPH protein and summarize the cellular and molecular mechanism required for its maturation and trafficking. Then, different types of lactose intolerance are discussed, and the molecular aspects of lactase persistence/non-persistence phenotypes are investigated. Finally, we will review the literature focusing on the lactase persistence/non-persistence populations as a comparative model in order to determine the protective or adverse effects of milk and dairy foods on the incidence of colorectal, ovarian and prostate cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Amiri
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Lena Diekmann
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Maren von Köckritz-Blickwede
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany.
- The Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonosis (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Hassan Y Naim
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany.
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14
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Germline mutations causing familial lung cancer. J Hum Genet 2015; 60:597-603. [PMID: 26178433 DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2015.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Revised: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Genetic factors are important in lung cancer, but as most lung cancers are sporadic, little is known about inherited genetic factors. We identified a three-generation family with suspected autosomal dominant inherited lung cancer susceptibility. Sixteen individuals in the family had lung cancer. To identify the gene(s) that cause lung cancer in this pedigree, we extracted DNA from the peripheral blood of three individuals and from the blood of one cancer-free control family member and performed whole-exome sequencing. We identified 41 alterations in 40 genes in all affected family members but not in the unaffected member. These were considered candidate mutations for familial lung cancer. Next, to identify somatic mutations and/or inherited alterations in these 40 genes among sporadic lung cancers, we performed exon target enrichment sequencing using 192 samples from sporadic lung cancer patients. We detected somatic 'candidate' mutations in multiple sporadic lung cancer samples; MAST1, CENPE, CACNB2 and LCT were the most promising candidate genes. In addition, the MAST1 gene was located in a putative cancer-linked locus in the pedigree. Our data suggest that several genes act as oncogenic drivers in this family, and that MAST1 is most likely to cause lung cancer.
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15
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Kim KZ, Shin A, Kim J, Park JW, Park SC, Choi HS, Chang HJ, Kim DY, Oh JH. Association between CASR polymorphisms, calcium intake, and colorectal cancer risk. PLoS One 2013; 8:e59628. [PMID: 23555732 PMCID: PMC3610701 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2012] [Accepted: 02/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim The current study aimed to assess the effect of dietary calcium intake and possible interactions with calcium-sensing receptor (CASR) gene polymorphisms on colorectal cancer risk. Methods A total of 420 colorectal cancer cases and 815 controls were included in the analysis. Calcium intake was investigated using a 103 item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire, and four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the CASR, rs10934578, rs12485716, rs2270916, and rs4678174, were evaluated. Results No SNPs were associated with colorectal cancer risk after adjusting for covariates. Overall, no significant effect modification by CASR polymorphisms on the association between calcium intake and colorectal cancer risk were detected. However, all 4 of the polymorphisms within the CASR showed significantly higher odds ratios for association with colorectal cancer risk in the low-calcium-intake group compared to the high-calcium-intake group. In the case of rs2270916, individuals with the CC genotype and low calcium intake showed an increased colorectal cancer risk compared to their counterparts with the TT genotype and high calcium intake (OR = 2.11, 95% CI = 1.27–3.51). Conclusions Subjects with lower calcium intake exhibited a higher colorectal cancer risk compared with subjects with the same genotype who had higher calcium intake. Our results suggest that individuals who have low dietary calcium intake should be aware of their increased colorectal cancer risk and prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyee-Zu Kim
- Molecular Epidemiology Branch, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Aesun Shin
- Molecular Epidemiology Branch, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
| | - Jeongseon Kim
- Molecular Epidemiology Branch, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Won Park
- Center for Colorectal Cancer, National Cancer Center Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Chan Park
- Center for Colorectal Cancer, National Cancer Center Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Seong Choi
- Center for Colorectal Cancer, National Cancer Center Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jin Chang
- Center for Colorectal Cancer, National Cancer Center Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Yong Kim
- Center for Colorectal Cancer, National Cancer Center Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hwan Oh
- Center for Colorectal Cancer, National Cancer Center Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Republic of Korea
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16
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Masvidal L, Iniesta R, Casalà C, Galván P, Rodríguez E, Lavarino C, Mora J, de Torres C. Polymorphisms in the calcium-sensing receptor gene are associated with clinical outcome of neuroblastoma. PLoS One 2013; 8:e59762. [PMID: 23533647 PMCID: PMC3606108 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neuroblastic tumors include the neuroblastomas, ganglioneuroblastomas, and ganglioneuromas. Clinical behavior of these developmental malignancies varies from regression to aggressive growth with metastatic dissemination. Several clinical, histological, genetic, and biological features are associated with this diversity of clinical presentations. The calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) is a G-protein coupled receptor with a key role in calcium homeostasis. We have previously reported that it is expressed in benign, differentiated neuroblastic tumors, but silenced by genetic and epigenetic events in unfavorable neuroblastomas. We have now analyzed three functionally relevant polymorphisms clustered at the signal transduction region of the CaSR (rs1801725, rs1042636 and rs1801726) to assess if genetic variants producing a less active receptor are associated with more aggressive disease course. Methods Polymorphisms were analyzed in DNA samples from 65 patients using specific Taqman Genotyping Assays. Results Mildly inactivating variant rs1801725 was associated with clinical stage 4 (P = 0.002) and the histological subgroup of undifferentiated neuroblastomas (P = 0.046). Patients harboring this polymorphism had significantly lower overall (P = 0.022) and event-free survival (P = 0.01) rates than those who were homozygous for the most common allele among Caucasians. However, this single locus genotype was not independently associated with outcome in multivariate analyses. Conversely, the tri-locus haplotype TAC was independently associated with an increased risk of death in the entire cohort (Hazard Ratio = 2.45; 95% Confidence Interval [1.14–5.29]; P = 0.022) and also in patients diagnosed with neuroblastomas (Hazard Ratio = 2.74; 95% Confidence Interval [1.20–6.25]; P = 0.016). Conclusions The TAC haplotype includes the moderately inactivating variant rs1801725 and absence of the gain-of-function rs1042636 polymorphism. Thus, its association with metastatic disease and poor outcome would add to our previous data and further support that inactivation of the CaSR gene is a mechanism associated with neuroblastoma malignant behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laia Masvidal
- Developmental Tumor Biology Laboratory, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu and Fundació Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raquel Iniesta
- Unitat de Recerca i Desenvolupament, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Fundació Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carla Casalà
- Developmental Tumor Biology Laboratory, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu and Fundació Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Patricia Galván
- Developmental Tumor Biology Laboratory, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu and Fundació Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eva Rodríguez
- Developmental Tumor Biology Laboratory, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu and Fundació Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cinzia Lavarino
- Developmental Tumor Biology Laboratory, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu and Fundació Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaume Mora
- Developmental Tumor Biology Laboratory, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu and Fundació Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen de Torres
- Developmental Tumor Biology Laboratory, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu and Fundació Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Hibler EA, Hu C, Jurutka PW, Martinez ME, Jacobs ET. Polymorphic variation in the GC and CASR genes and associations with vitamin D metabolite concentration and metachronous colorectal neoplasia. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2011; 21:368-75. [PMID: 22144504 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-11-0916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D levels and calcium intake have been associated with risk of colorectal neoplasia, and genetic variation in vitamin D pathway genes may affect circulating vitamin D metabolite concentrations and/or risk for colorectal lesions. This study evaluated associations between polymorphic variation in the Gc-globulin (GC) and calcium-sensing receptor (CASR) and odds for metachronous colorectal neoplasia and vitamin D metabolite concentrations. METHODS Participants from the Ursodeoxycholic Acid (UDCA) and Wheat Bran Fiber (WBF) trials (n = 1,439) were analyzed using a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) tagging approach, with a subset (n = 404) of UDCA trial participants for whom vitamin D metabolite concentrations were also available. A total of 25 GC and 35 CASR tagSNPs were evaluated using multiple statistical methods. RESULTS Principal components analyses did not reveal gene-level associations between GC or CASR and colorectal neoplasia; however, a significant gene-level association between GC and 25(OH)D concentrations (P < 0.01) was observed. At the individual SNP level and following multiple comparisons adjustments, significant associations were observed between seven GC (rs7041, rs222035, rs842999, rs1155563, rs12512631, rs16846876, and rs1746825) polymorphisms and circulating measures of 25(OH)D (adjusted P < 0.01) and CASR SNP rs1042636 and proximal colorectal neoplasia (adjusted P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS These results show a possible association between variation in CASR and odds of colorectal neoplasia as well as the potential role of variation in GC with circulating 25(OH)D concentrations. IMPACT Additional research is warranted to determine the mechanism of GC genotype in influencing 25(OH)D concentrations and to further elucidate the role of CASR in colorectal neoplasia.
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18
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A short primer on the calcium sensing receptor: an important cog in the colon cancer wheel? Dig Dis Sci 2011; 56:279-84. [PMID: 20556514 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-010-1295-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2010] [Accepted: 05/25/2010] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal (GI) tract handles a complex task of nutrient absorption and excretion of excess fluid, electrolytes, and toxic substances. GI epithelium is under constant proliferation and renewal. Differentiation of colonocytes occurs as they migrate from the basal layer to the apex of the crypt. Cells of the basal layer are highly proliferative but less differentiated, whereas apical cells are highly differentiated but non-proliferative. Alterations of this intricate process lead to abnormal proliferation and differentiation of colorectal mucosa leading to development of polyps and neoplasia. The effects of calcium (Ca) on colorectal mucosal growth have been extensively studied after the discovery of the calcium sensing receptor (CaSR). Fluctuation in extracellular Ca can induce hyperproliferation or quiescence. Disruption in the function of CaSR and/or changes in the level of CaSR expression can cause loss of growth suppressing effects of extracellular Ca. This review addresses the role of Ca and CaSR in the physiology and pathophysiology of colonocyte proliferation.
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Tarabra E, Pazienza P, Borghesio E, Actis GC, Tappero G, Framarin L, Ayoubi M, Castellino F, Leone N, Sansoè G, De Paolis P, Comandone A, Rosina F. LCT-13910C>T polymorphism-associated lactose malabsorption and risk for colorectal cancer in Italy. Dig Liver Dis 2010; 42:741-3. [PMID: 20362522 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2010.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2009] [Revised: 02/12/2010] [Accepted: 02/18/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The activity of epithelial lactase (LCT) associates with a polymorphism 13910 bp upstream the LCT-encoding gene (LCT-13910C>T). The relationship between LCT-13910C>T polymorphism and risk for colorectal cancer is unclear. AIMS We examined the relationship between the LCT-13910C>T polymorphism causing lactose intolerance and risk for colorectal cancer/polyps onset in the Italian population. PATIENTS AND METHODS 793 subjects (306 with colorectal cancer, 176 with polyps and 311 controls) were genotyped for the LCT-13910C>T variant by TaqMan real time-PCR. RESULTS Lactose malabsorption linked to the CC genotype did not associate with an increased risk for either colorectal cancer (OR=1.041; 95% CI=0.751-1.442; p=0.868) or polyps (OR=0.927; 95% CI=0.630-1.363; p=0.769). There was no association with colorectal cancer/polyps site. 60% of the subjects overall bore the CC genotype. CONCLUSION In the Italian population the LCT-13910C>T polymorphism is not associated to the risk for colorectal cancer or polyps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Tarabra
- Center for Predictive Medicine, Presidio Sanitario Gradenigo, C.so Regina Margherita 8, 10153, Turin, Italy
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Jacobs ET, Martínez ME, Campbell PT, Conti DV, Duggan D, Figueiredo JC, Haile RW, LeRoy EC, Poynter JN, Thompson PA, Baron JA. Genetic variation in the retinoid X receptor and calcium-sensing receptor and risk of colorectal cancer in the Colon Cancer Family Registry. Carcinogenesis 2010; 31:1412-6. [PMID: 20558521 PMCID: PMC2915636 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgq127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2010] [Revised: 05/25/2010] [Accepted: 06/11/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic variants in the calcium/vitamin D metabolic pathway may be related to risk for colorectal cancer. While several investigations of vitamin D receptor (VDR) polymorphisms and colorectal cancer have been conducted, no studies to date have evaluated the association of genetic variation in the heterodimer partner for VDR, the retinoid X receptor (RXR). Another important gene in this pathway is the calcium-sensing receptor (CASR). Employing a discordant-sibship case-control design, we examined the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in RXRA and CASR and risk for colorectal cancer overall and by colorectal subsite and microsatellite instability (MSI) status using data from the Colon Cancer Family Registry. No gene-level relationships between RXRA or CASR and colorectal cancer overall were observed. However, for RXRA SNP rs7861779, a high-interest SNP selected for study a priori, there was a statistically significantly increased risk for proximal colorectal cancer among those with at least one A allele [odds ratio (OR) = 1.42; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.03-1.97]. Another selected RXRA SNP, rs12004589, was significantly associated with risk of MSI-high cancers (OR = 2.27; 95% CI = 1.13-4.56). Additionally, CASR SNP rs1801726 was significantly associated with a reduced risk for rectal cancer (OR = 0.53; 95% CI = 0.29-0.96). These results provide support that RXRA SNPs rs7861779 and rs12004589 and CASR SNP rs1801726 may be important markers for colorectal neoplasia. Further work is needed to elucidate their role in the carcinogenic pathway.
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Agueda L, Urreizti R, Bustamante M, Jurado S, Garcia-Giralt N, Díez-Pérez A, Nogués X, Mellibovsky L, Grinberg D, Balcells S. Analysis of three functional polymorphisms in relation to osteoporosis phenotypes: replication in a Spanish cohort. Calcif Tissue Int 2010; 87:14-24. [PMID: 20390408 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-010-9361-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2009] [Accepted: 03/24/2010] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a complex disease involving many putative genetic factors. Association analysis of functional SNPs in candidate genes is an important tool for their identification. However, this approach is affected by limited power, population stratification, and other drawbacks that lead to discordant results. Replication in independent cohorts is essential. We performed association analyses of three functional polymorphisms previously associated with bone phenotypes--namely, Ala222Val in MTHFR, Ile1062Val in LRP6, and -13910C>T in LCT--in a cohort of 944 postmenopausal Spanish women, all of them with lumbar spine (LS) bone mineral density (BMD) data and most with femoral neck (FN) BMD and fracture data. We found significant differences between genotypes only for the MTHFR polymorphism and vertebral factures, with an OR of 2.27 (95% CI 1.17-4.38) for the TT vs. CC/CT genotypes, P = 0.018. We present genotype and allele frequency data for LCT -13910C>T for a Spanish population, where the T allele (conferring lactase persistence) has a frequency of 38.6%. Genotype frequencies were consistent with observed clines in Europe and with the prevalence of lactase nonpersistence. The LCT -13910C>T polymorphism was significantly associated with height and weight, such that T allele carriers were 0.88 cm taller (95% CI 0.08-1.59 cm, P = 0.032, adjusted by age) than CC individuals and TT homozygotes were 1.91 kg heavier than CC/CT individuals (95% CI 0.11-3.71 kg, P = 0.038, adjusted by age). In conclusion, no significant association was observed between the studied polymorphisms and LS BMD or FN BMD in postmenopausal Spanish women, and only MTHFR Ala222Val was associated with vertebral fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lídia Agueda
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Riccardi D, Finney BA, Wilkinson WJ, Kemp PJ. Novel regulatory aspects of the extracellular Ca2+-sensing receptor, CaR. Pflugers Arch 2009; 458:1007-22. [PMID: 19484257 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-009-0681-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2009] [Revised: 04/30/2009] [Accepted: 05/05/2009] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The capacity to sense and adapt to changes in environmental cues is of paramount importance for every living organism. From yeast to man, cells must be able to match cellular activities to growth environment and nutrient availability. Key to this process is the development of membrane-bound systems that can detect modifications in the extracellular environment and to translate these into biological responses. Evidence gathered over the last 15 years has demonstrated that many of these cell surface "sensors" belong to the G protein-coupled receptor superfamily. Crucial to our understanding of nutrient sensing in mammalian species has been the identification of the extracellular Ca(2+)/cation-sensing receptor, CaR. CaR was the first ion-sensing molecule identified in man and genetic studies in humans have revealed the importance of the CaR in mineral ion metabolism. Latter, it has become apparent that the CaR also plays an important role outside the Ca(2+) homeostatic system, as an integrator of multiple environmental signals for the regulation of many vital cellular processes, from cell-to-cell communication to secretion and cell survival/cell death. Recently, novel aspects of receptor function reveal an unexpected role for the CaR in the regulation of growth and development in utero.
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