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Lv Y, Bai Z, Wang X, Liu J, Li Y, Zhang X, Shan Y. Comprehensive evaluation of breast cancer immunotherapy and tumor microenvironment characterization based on interleukin genes-related risk model. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20524. [PMID: 36443508 PMCID: PMC9705306 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25059-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BRCA) is the most prevalent malignancy and the leading cause of death in women. Interleukin (IL) genes are critical in tumor initiation and control. Nevertheless, the prognosis value of the IL in BRCA remains unclear. We collected data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), and 94 IL genes were identified from GeneCard. Based on the random forest (RF), least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) analysis, and multivariate Cox regression analysis, we constructed an IL signature. GSE22219, GSE25065, and GSE21653 were derived as validation sets. The expression differences in the tumor microenvironment (TME), immunotherapy, and chemosensitivity of BRCA between the high- and low-risk groups were evaluated. Overall, 21 IL genes were selected to construct an IL risk model, of which IL18BP, IL17D, and IL23A were the first time identified as prognostic genes in BRCA. IL score could distinguish BRCA patients with inferior outcomes, and AUC of it was 0.70, 0.76, and 0.72 for 1-,3- and 5- years, respectively, which was also verified in GSE22219, GSE25065, and GSE21653 cohorts. Meanwhile, compared to luminal A and luminal B, HER2-positive and TNBC had significantly higher IL score. Besides, the high-risk group had a significantly higher prevalence of TP53 and TTN but a lower prevalence of PIK3CA, as well as higher tumor mutation burden (TMB) and neoantigen level. High- and low-risk groups exhibited notable differences in immunomodulators and tumor infiltrates immune cells (TIICs), and the high-risk group had significantly lower Tumor Immune Dysfunction and Exclusion (TIDE) score. Additionally, the high-risk group has more responders to immune or anti-HER2 combination therapy, whereas the low-risk group has higher sensitivity to docetaxel and paclitaxel. Consequently, we constructed a reliable risk model based on the IL genes, which can provide more information on both the risk stratification and personalizing management strategies for BRCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalei Lv
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 12 Jiankang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050011, China
| | - Zihe Bai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 12 Jiankang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050011, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- The Fifth Ward of Medical Oncology, Shijiazhuang People's Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jiayin Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 12 Jiankang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050011, China
| | - Yuntao Li
- Breast Center, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiaolin Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yujie Shan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 12 Jiankang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050011, China.
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Harati-Sadegh M, Mohammadoo-Khorasani M, Sargazi S, Saravani R, Shahraki S, Eskandari E. Quantitative Assessment of the Effects of IL-1ß -511 C>T Variant on Breast Cancer Risk: An Updated Meta-Analysis of 3331 Cases and 3609 Controls. Lab Med 2021; 52:36-46. [PMID: 32754752 DOI: 10.1093/labmed/lmaa055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Growing evidence suggests that IL-1β -511C>T, as a functional variant, affects the risk of developing breast cancer (BC); however, the results have not been conclusive. This meta-analysis was conducted to estimate the link between this variant and BC risk. METHODS We retrieved available publications on IL-1β -511C>T polymorphism by conducting a comprehensive literature search on the Web of Science, MEDLINE, PubMed, Scopus, and Google scholar databases (last search on February 25, 2020). RESULTS The overall analysis indicates that IL-1β -511C>T polymorphism conferred an increased risk of BC under a recessive TT vs CT+CC model by 1.14-fold and showed protection against BC under an overdominant CT vs TT+CC genetic contrast model (odds ratio = 0.84). Stratified analysis based on ethnicity revealed the protective effect of this single-nucleotide polymorphism against BC risk in Caucasian patients. CONCLUSION Our data results provide a proof of concept for the association of IL-1β -511C>T with BC risk. Larger, well-designed population-based studies are needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdiyeh Harati-Sadegh
- Genetics of Non-Communicable Disease Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Milad Mohammadoo-Khorasani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Saman Sargazi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute
| | - Ramin Saravani
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Sheida Shahraki
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute
| | - Ebrahim Eskandari
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Karami S, Sarabandi S, Pourzand P, Tabasi F, Hashemi M, Bahari G. Lack of association between 4-base pair insertion/deletion (rs3783553) polymorphism within the 3′UTR of IL1A and breast cancer: A preliminary report. GENE REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2021.101067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Rébé C, Ghiringhelli F. Interleukin-1β and Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1791. [PMID: 32635472 PMCID: PMC7408158 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12071791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Within a tumor, IL-1β is produced and secreted by various cell types, such as immune cells, fibroblasts, or cancer cells. The IL1B gene is induced after "priming" of the cells and a second signal is required to allow IL-1β maturation by inflammasome-activated caspase-1. IL-1β is then released and leads to transcription of target genes through its ligation with IL-1R1 on target cells. IL-1β expression and maturation are guided by gene polymorphisms and by the cellular context. In cancer, IL-1β has pleiotropic effects on immune cells, angiogenesis, cancer cell proliferation, migration, and metastasis. Moreover, anti-cancer treatments are able to promote IL-1β production by cancer or immune cells, with opposite effects on cancer progression. This raises the question of whether or not to use IL-1β inhibitors in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cédric Rébé
- Platform of Transfer in Cancer Biology, Centre Georges François Leclerc, INSERM LNC UMR1231, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - François Ghiringhelli
- Platform of Transfer in Cancer Biology, Centre Georges François Leclerc, INSERM LNC UMR1231, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France
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Korobeinikova E, Ugenskiene R, Insodaite R, Rudzianskas V, Jaselske E, Poskiene L, Juozaityte E. Association of angiogenesis and inflammation-related gene functional polymorphisms with early-stage breast cancer prognosis. Oncol Lett 2020; 19:3687-3700. [PMID: 32391092 PMCID: PMC7204491 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic variations in inflammation- and angiogenesis-related genes may alter the coded protein level and impact the pathogenesis of breast cancer (BC). The present study investigated the association of functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the VEGFA, IL-1β, IL-1α and IL-6 genes with the early-stage BC phenotype and survival. Genomic DNA and clinical data were collected for 202 adult Eastern European (Lithuanian) women with primary I-II stage BC. Genotyping of the SNPs was performed using TaqMan SNP genotyping assays. Nine VEGFA, IL-1β, IL-1α and IL-6 polymorphisms were analysed. The VEGFA and IL-6 haplotypes were inferred using Phase software. Patients were prospectively followed-up for recurrence, occurrence of metastasis and mortality until April 30, 2019. All studied genotypes were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and had the same distribution as the 1,000 Genomes project Phase 3 dataset for European population. Significant associations of the studied SNPs with clinicopathologic variables were observed between IL-1α rs1800587 C allele and larger primary tumour size; IL-6 rs1800797 A allele, rs1800797 GA genotype, rs1800795 C allele, IL-6 (rs1800797-re1800795) AC diplotype and hormonal receptor-positive disease; IL-6 rs1800797 A allele and HER2 negative status. In univariate Cox survival analysis, IL-1α rs1800587 CC and IL-6 rs1800797 GG genotype carriers exhibited worse disease-free survival (DFS), metastasis-free survival (MFS) and overall survival (OS). The IL-6 rs1800795 GG genotype was associated with worse OS. IL-6 (rs1800797, rs1800795) GG/GG diplotype carriers had shorter MFS and OS. Multivariate Cox survival analysis revealed that the IL-1α rs1800587 CC genotype was an independent negative prognostic factor for DFS, MFS and OS, and the IL6 GG/GG diplotype was an independent negative prognostic factor for MFS and OS. According to the present study, functional SNPs in the IL-1α and IL-6 genes may contribute to the identification of patients at higher risk of BC recurrence, development of metastases and worse OS among early-stage patients with BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Korobeinikova
- Oncology Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50009 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Rasa Ugenskiene
- Oncology Research Laboratory, Oncology Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50009 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Biology System and Genetic Research Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Ruta Insodaite
- Biology System and Genetic Research Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Viktoras Rudzianskas
- Oncology Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50009 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Evelina Jaselske
- Oncology Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50009 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Lina Poskiene
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50009 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Elona Juozaityte
- Oncology Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50009 Kaunas, Lithuania
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Seiler A, Chen MA, Brown RL, Fagundes CP. Obesity, Dietary Factors, Nutrition, and Breast Cancer Risk. CURRENT BREAST CANCER REPORTS 2018; 10:14-27. [PMID: 30662586 PMCID: PMC6335046 DOI: 10.1007/s12609-018-0264-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To synthesize the critical role of obesity-associated inflammation, dietary factors, and nutrition in determining breast cancer risk. RECENT FINDINGS Obesity-associated inflammation is strongly linked to breast cancer risk and progression, largely via two processes: inflammatory pathways and dysregulated metabolism. Cytokine production in excess adipose tissues creates a chronic inflammatory microenvironment, which favors tumor development. Lifestyle factors, including diet, have long been recognized as important determinants of breast cancer risk and mortality. SUMMARY Obesity increases the risk of developing breast cancer in both pre- and postmenopausal women and also negatively affects breast cancer recurrence and survival. Poor dietary habits characterized by the high intake of refined starches, sugar, and both saturated and trans-saturated fats, as well as the low intake of omega-3 fatty acids, natural antioxidants, and fiber, modulate inflammation and, thereby, appear to be linked to increased risk of breast cancer and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annina Seiler
- Department of Consultation-Liaison-Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Haldenbachstrasse 18, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Ryan L Brown
- Department of Psychology, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Christopher P Fagundes
- Department of Psychology, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Behavioral Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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Majer A, Blanchard AA, Medina S, Booth SA, Myal Y. Claudin 1 Expression Levels Affect miRNA Dynamics in Human Basal-Like Breast Cancer Cells. DNA Cell Biol 2016; 35:328-39. [PMID: 26982264 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2015.3188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Deemed a putative tumor suppressor in breast cancer, the tight junction protein claudin 1 has now been shown to be highly expressed in the basal-like molecular subtype. Moreover, recent in vitro studies show that claudin 1 can regulate breast cancer cell motility and proliferation. Herein, we investigated whether microRNA (miRNA) dysregulation is associated with alterations in the level of claudin 1. Using next-generation sequencing (NGS), we identified seven miRNAs (miR-9-5p, miR-9-3p, let-7c, miR-127-3p, miR-99a-5p, miR-129-5p, and miR-146a-5p) that were deregulated as a consequence of claudin 1 overexpression in the MDA-MB231 human breast cancer (HBC) cell line. Most of these miRNAs have been associated with tumor suppression in a variety of cancers, including breast cancer. Moreover, through gene expression profiling analysis, we identified epithelial-mesenchymal transition-related genes, including platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta (PDGFRB) and cadherin 1 (CDH1, E cadherin), whose downregulation correlated with claudin 1 overexpression. Collectively, we show for the first time that in HBC, claudin 1 can alter the dynamics of a number of miRNAs involved in tumor progression. Our data suggest that the dysregulated expression of these miRNAs, in conjunction with the high claudin 1 levels, could serve as a useful biomarker that identifies a subset of tumors within the poorly characterized basal-like subtype of breast cancer. Further studies are warranted to determine the role of these miRNAs in facilitating the function of claudin 1 in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Majer
- 1 Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba , Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada .,2 Molecular PathoBiology, National Microbiology Laboratory, Canadian Science Centre for Human and Animal Health, Public Health Agency of Canada , Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Anne A Blanchard
- 3 Department of Pathology, University of Manitoba , Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada .,4 Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba , Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Sarah Medina
- 2 Molecular PathoBiology, National Microbiology Laboratory, Canadian Science Centre for Human and Animal Health, Public Health Agency of Canada , Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Stephanie A Booth
- 1 Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba , Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada .,2 Molecular PathoBiology, National Microbiology Laboratory, Canadian Science Centre for Human and Animal Health, Public Health Agency of Canada , Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Yvonne Myal
- 3 Department of Pathology, University of Manitoba , Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada .,4 Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba , Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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Quan L, Gong Z, Yao S, Bandera EV, Zirpoli G, Hwang H, Roberts M, Ciupak G, Davis W, Sucheston L, Pawlish K, Bovbjerg DH, Jandorf L, Cabasag C, Coignet JG, Ambrosone CB, Hong CC. Cytokine and cytokine receptor genes of the adaptive immune response are differentially associated with breast cancer risk in American women of African and European ancestry. Int J Cancer 2013; 134:1408-21. [PMID: 23996684 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Revised: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Disparities in breast cancer biology are evident between American women of African ancestry (AA) and European ancestry (EA) and may be due, in part, to differences in immune function. To assess the potential role of constitutional host immunity on breast carcinogenesis, we tested associations between breast cancer risk and 47 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 26 cytokine-related genes of the adaptive immune system using 650 EA (n = 335 cases) and 864 AA (n = 458 cases) women from the Women's Circle of Health Study (WCHS). With additional participant accrual to the WCHS, promising SNPs from the initial analysis were evaluated in a larger sample size (1,307 EAs and 1,365 AAs). Multivariate logistic regression found SNPs in genes important for T helper type 1 (Th1) immunity (IFNGR2 rs1059293, IL15RA rs2296135, LTA rs1041981), Th2 immunity (IL4R rs1801275), and T regulatory cell-mediated immunosuppression (TGFB1 rs1800469) associated with breast cancer risk, mainly among AAs. The combined effect of these five SNPs was highly significant among AAs (P-trend = 0.0005). When stratified by estrogen receptor (ER) status, LTA rs1041981 was associated with ER-positive breast cancers among EAs and marginally among AAs. Only among AA women, IL15 rs10833 and IL15RA rs2296135 were associated with ER-positive tumors, and IL12RB1 rs375947, IL15 rs10833 and TGFB1 rs1800469 were associated with ER-negative tumors. Our study systematically identified genetic variants in the adaptive immune response pathway associated with breast cancer risk, which appears to differ by ancestry groups, menopausal status and ER status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Quan
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY
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Age-specific gene expression signatures for breast tumors and cross-species conserved potential cancer progression markers in young women. PLoS One 2013; 8:e63204. [PMID: 23704896 PMCID: PMC3660335 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2012] [Accepted: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer in young women is more aggressive with a poorer prognosis and overall survival compared to older women diagnosed with the disease. Despite recent research, the underlying biology and molecular alterations that drive the aggressive nature of breast tumors associated with breast cancer in young women have yet to be elucidated. In this study, we performed transcriptomic profile and network analyses of breast tumors arising in Middle Eastern women to identify age-specific gene signatures. Moreover, we studied molecular alterations associated with cancer progression in young women using cross-species comparative genomics approach coupled with copy number alterations (CNA) associated with breast cancers from independent studies. We identified 63 genes specific to tumors in young women that showed alterations distinct from two age cohorts of older women. The network analyses revealed potential critical regulatory roles for Myc, PI3K/Akt, NF-κB, and IL-1 in disease characteristics of breast tumors arising in young women. Cross-species comparative genomics analysis of progression from pre-invasive ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) to invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) revealed 16 genes with concomitant genomic alterations, CCNB2, UBE2C, TOP2A, CEP55, TPX2, BIRC5, KIAA0101, SHCBP1, UBE2T, PTTG1, NUSAP1, DEPDC1, HELLS, CCNB1, KIF4A, and RRM2, that may be involved in tumorigenesis and in the processes of invasion and progression of disease. Array findings were validated using qRT-PCR, immunohistochemistry, and extensive in silico analyses of independently performed microarray datasets. To our knowledge, this study provides the first comprehensive genomic analysis of breast cancer in Middle Eastern women in age-specific cohorts and potential markers for cancer progression in young women. Our data demonstrate that cancer appearing in young women contain distinct biological characteristics and deregulated signaling pathways. Moreover, our integrative genomic and cross-species analysis may provide robust biomarkers for the detection of disease progression in young women, and lead to more effective treatment strategies.
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Pooja S, Chaudhary P, Nayak LV, Rajender S, Saini KS, Deol D, Kumar S, Bid HK, Konwar R. Polymorphic variations in IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10 genes, their circulating serum levels and breast cancer risk in Indian women. Cytokine 2012; 60:122-8. [PMID: 22818022 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2012.06.241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2011] [Revised: 04/18/2012] [Accepted: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytokines are known as important regulators of the entire gamut of cancer from initiation, invasion and metastasis. This fact and plethora of gene polymorphism data prompted us to investigate cytokine gene polymorphisms in breast cancer (BC) patients. METHODS Selected polymorphisms in the IL-1β [-511 T>C (rs16944) and +3954 C>T (rs1143634)]; IL-6 [-174 G>C (rs1800795)]; IL-10 [-1082 A>G (rs1800896), -819 T>C (rs1800871) and -592 A>C (rs1800872)] genes were genotyped in 200 BC patients and 200 healthy volunteers in a case-control study using PCR-RFLP and direct DNA sequencing techniques. Peripheral cytokine levels were measured using ELISA. Allele and genotype data were analyzed for significance of differences between cases and controls using Chi-Square [χ(2)] test. Two sided P-values of less than 0.05 were considered to be statistically significant. RESULTS Peripheral level of all three cytokines did not show any significant difference between cases and controls. Allele and genotype frequency of IL-1β [-511 T>C (rs16944)] did not show any difference between cases and controls. On the other hand mutant allele and genotype at IL-1β [+3954 C>T (rs1143634)] associated with increased risk of BC. This was also true for pre-menopausal cases and for mutant genotype in post-menopausal cases. Mutant allele and genotypes at IL-6 [-174 G>C (rs1800795)] appeared to be protective in nature such that controls had a higher frequency of both mutant alleles and genotypes. None of the three SNPs in IL-10 gene associated with risk of BC, except significant association of mutant allele and genotypes of -1082 A>G (rs1800896) polymorphism with postmenopausal BC. CONCLUSIONS Mutant allele and genotype at IL-1β [+3954 C>T (rs1143634)] site associated with increased BC risk, while mutant allele and genotypes at IL-6 [-174 G>C (rs1800795)] polymorphism appeared to be protective. Also, there was significant association of mutant allele and genotypes of IL-10 [-1082 A>G (rs1800896)] with postmenopausal BC. None of the other polymorphisms investigated appear to affect BC risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Singh Pooja
- Endocrinology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
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Genetic polymorphisms in telomere pathway genes, telomere length, and breast cancer survival. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2012; 134:393-400. [PMID: 22527105 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-012-2058-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2012] [Accepted: 04/01/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The impact of genetic variants in telomere pathway genes on telomere length and breast cancer survival remains unclear. We hypothesized that telomere length and genetic variants of telomere pathway genes are associated with survival among breast cancer patients. A population-based cohort study of 1,026 women diagnosed with a first primary breast cancer was conducted to examine telomere length and 52 genetic variants of 9 telomere pathway genes. Adjusted Cox regression analysis was employed to examine associations between telomere length, genetic variants and all-cause and breast cancer-specific mortality. Longer telomere length was significantly correlated with all-cause mortality in the subgroup with HER-2/neu negative tumors (HR=1.90, 95% CI: 1.12-3.22). Carrying the PINX1-33 (rs2277130) G-allele was significantly associated with increased all-cause mortality (HR=1.45, 95% CI: 1.06-1.98). Three SNPs (TERF2-03 rs35439397, TERT-14 rs2853677, and TERT-67 rs2853669) were significantly associated with reduced all-cause mortality. A similar reduced trend for breast cancer-specific mortality was observed for carrying the TERT-14 (rs2853677) T-allele (HR=0.57, 95% CI: 0.39-0.84), while carrying the POT1-18 (rs1034794) T-allele significantly increased breast cancer-specific mortality (HR=1.48, 95% CI: 1.00-2.19). However, none of the associations remained significant after correction for multiple tests. A significant dose-response effect was observed with increased number of unfavorable alleles/genotypes (PINX1-33 G-allele, POT1-18 T-allele, TERF2-03 GG, TERT-14 CC, and TERT-67 TT genotypes) and decreased survival. These data suggest that unfavorable genetic variants in telomere pathway genes may help to predict breast cancer survival.
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Hou Z, Falcone DJ, Subbaramaiah K, Dannenberg AJ. Macrophages induce COX-2 expression in breast cancer cells: role of IL-1β autoamplification. Carcinogenesis 2011; 32:695-702. [PMID: 21310944 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgr027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages and high levels of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) are associated with poor prognosis in breast cancer patients, but their potential interdependence has not been evaluated. The objective of this study was to determine whether macrophages regulate COX-2 expression in breast cancer cells. For this purpose, THP-1 cells were cocultured with HCC1954 breast cancer cells. Coculture led to increased COX-2 expression in the HCC1954 cells and elevated prostaglandin E(2) levels in conditioned media. Similar results were observed when THP-1 cells were incubated with HCC1937 breast cancer cells or when human monocyte-derived macrophages were cocultured with HCC1954 cells. Coculture triggered production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in HCC1954 cells. COX-2 induction was blocked in cells preincubated with an reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase inhibitor or by silencing p67PHOX, a subunit of NADPH oxidase. ROS production triggered activation of Src and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). Blocking Src or MAPK activities or antagonizing the activator protein-1 (AP-1) transcription factor attenuated COX-2 induction in HCC1954 cells. Coculture caused rapid induction of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in both breast cancer cells and macrophages. Increased IL-1β expression was blocked by an interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), suggesting autocrine and paracrine effects. Importantly, macrophage-induced COX-2 expression was blocked in HCC1954 cells preincubated with IL-1Ra or anti-IL-1β IgG. Together, these results indicate that macrophage-mediated induction of COX-2 in breast cancer cells is a consequence of IL-1β-mediated stimulation of ROS→Src→MAPK→AP-1 signaling. IL-1β-dependent induction of COX-2 in breast cancer cells provides a mechanism whereby macrophages contribute to tumor progression and potential therapeutic targets in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Hou
- Department of Medicine and Weill Cornell Cancer Center,Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA
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