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Markoulli M, Fricke TR, Arvind A, Frick KD, Hart KM, Joshi MR, Kandel H, Filipe Macedo A, Makrynioti D, Retallic N, Garcia-Porta N, Shrestha G, Wolffsohn JS. BCLA CLEAR Presbyopia: Epidemiology and impact. Cont Lens Anterior Eye 2024; 47:102157. [PMID: 38594155 DOI: 10.1016/j.clae.2024.102157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
The global all-ages prevalence of epidemiologically-measured 'functional' presbyopia was estimated at 24.9% in 2015, affecting 1.8 billion people. This prevalence was projected to stabilise at 24.1% in 2030 due to increasing myopia, but to affect more people (2.1 billion) due to population dynamics. Factors affecting the prevalence of presbyopia include age, geographic location, urban versus rural location, sex, and, to a lesser extent, socioeconomic status, literacy and education, health literacy and inequality. Risk factors for early onset of presbyopia included environmental factors, nutrition, near demands, refractive error, accommodative dysfunction, medications, certain health conditions and sleep. Presbyopia was found to impact on quality-of-life, in particular quality of vision, labour force participation, work productivity and financial burden, mental health, social wellbeing and physical health. Current understanding makes it clear that presbyopia is a very common age-related condition that has significant impacts on both patient-reported outcome measures and economics. However, there are complexities in defining presbyopia for epidemiological and impact studies. Standardisation of definitions will assist future synthesis, pattern analysis and sense-making between studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Markoulli
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, UNSW Sydney, Australia.
| | - Timothy R Fricke
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, UNSW Sydney, Australia; Department of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Melbourne, Australia; National Vision Research Institute, Australian College of Optometry, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Anitha Arvind
- Department of Optometry, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, GD Goenka University, India
| | - Kevin D Frick
- Johns Hopkins Carey Business School, USA; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Departments of International Health and Health Policy and Management, USA; Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, USA
| | - Kerryn M Hart
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Australia; Member Support and Optometry Advancement, Optometry Australia, Australia
| | - Mahesh R Joshi
- School of Health Professions, University of Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Himal Kandel
- Save Sight Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Australia; Sydney Eye Hospital, Australia
| | - Antonio Filipe Macedo
- Department of Medicine and Optometry, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Linnaeus University, Sweden; Centre of Physics of Minho and Porto Universities, School of Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | | | - Neil Retallic
- Specsavers Optical Group, La Villiaze, St. Andrew's, Guernsey, United Kingdom; School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Bradford, Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - Nery Garcia-Porta
- Applied Physics Department, Optics and Optometry Faculty, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Institute of Materials (iMATUS) of the University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Gauri Shrestha
- Optometry Department, BPK Centre for Ophthalmic Studies, Institute of Medicine, Nepal
| | - James S Wolffsohn
- School of Optometry, Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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Haddad MF, Abdo N, Bakkar MM. Public Awareness, Knowledge of Presbyopia and Compliance to Eye Examination in Jordan. CLINICAL OPTOMETRY 2024; 16:191-199. [PMID: 39100731 PMCID: PMC11296362 DOI: 10.2147/opto.s467933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Purpose To assess public awareness and knowledge about presbyopia and their compliance to ocular examination in Jordan. Patients and Methods A cross-sectional survey was designed to interview people in different provinces of Jordan. Socio-demographic data such as age, gender and level of education and region was reported. The first part of the questionnaire assessed awareness of presbyopia in terms of the need for spectacles with age, age of onset, possible causes of presbyopia and methods of presbyopia management. The second part of the questionnaire evaluated compliance of the participants with ocular examination in terms of frequency and motive to do general eye check, intraocular pressure (IOP), fundus exam and visual acuity. Results A total of 802 participants (232 males, 570 females) with an average age of 28 (±11.6) completed the questionnaire. Most participants (84.2%) knew that glasses are needed for near vision as age increases, and 62.8% estimated the age at which spectacles are required (40 years or older). Over half understood that presbyopia is correctable and progressive. Age significantly influenced knowledge about the need for near vision spectacles, and whether presbyopia is preventable and progressive (both p < 0.05). Females were more knowledgeable about these aspects. The frequency of eye examinations, particularly fundus exams and IOP tests, was significantly influenced by age but not by education. Gender only significantly affected the frequency of vision checks (p = 0.01), with females being more likely to adhere to them. Conclusion This study demonstrated a good level of awareness and knowledge about presbyopia among Jordanians, especially those over 40 and females. Regular eye check-ups were more common among young participants and females. Addressing misconceptions about presbyopia's preventability and promoting regular eye exams are crucial for early diagnosis and management of presbyopia and other serious eye conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mera F Haddad
- Department of Allied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Nour Abdo
- Department of Public Health, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - May M Bakkar
- Department of Allied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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Khurana DA, Swathi N, Rajalakshmi AR. Factors influencing the need and willingness for presbyopic correction: a cross sectional study from south India. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22906. [PMID: 38129652 PMCID: PMC10739945 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50288-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Presbyopia is an age-related physiological phenomenon in which eye gradually losses its ability to accommodate. It is one of the leading causes of visual impairment worldwide, especially in adults above the age of 40. If uncorrected, it can significantly impair a patient's quality of life. This study aims to evaluate the factors which affects patient's need and willingness to accept presbyopic correction. This cross-sectional analytical study was carried out in a semi urban tertiary care hospital from Jan 2021 to June 2022 among patients aged 40 and above who presented to Outpatient department (OPD). Demographic details, medical history, presenting ocular complaints pertaining to presbyopia, spectacle use and decision regarding using near vision correction were noted. Ocular examination included refraction and ocular biometry. Factors that may have influenced complaints of presbyopia or willingness to accept presbyopic correction were analysed. Three hundred and forty two patients with a mean age of 48.55 ± 6.68 years were included. Of these, 262 (76.61%) patients presented with chief complaints related to presbyopia. Those with higher educational qualification (p = 0.031), hypermetropia (p = 0.021), shallower AC depth (p = 0.028) and on medications for systemic ailments (p = 0.01), were more likely to present with chief complaints attributable to presbyopia. Among them, those with higher educational qualifications (p = 0.02) and skilled workers were more likely to accept near vision glasses (p = 0.02), while those with lower Hb (p = 0.01) and myopia (p = 0.01) were less likely to accept correction for presbyopia. Among the 80 patients without chief complaints related to presbyopia, 35 (43.75%) were not willing to accept near vision glasses. Those with higher BMI (p = 0.04) and hypermetropes (p = 0.05) were more willing to accept presbyopic correction. Presbyopia constitutes a significant reason for patients above the age of 40 visiting eye care facility. Multiple socio-economic, systemic and ocular factors influenced both the chief complaints related to presbyopia and willingness to accept presbyopic correction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhruval A Khurana
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth, Pondicherry, India
| | - N Swathi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth, Pondicherry, India.
| | - A R Rajalakshmi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth, Pondicherry, India
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Takashi S, Kumiko I. Barriers to the Utilization of Low-Vision Rehabilitation Services among Over-50-Year-Old People in East and Southeast Asian Regions: A Scoping Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:7141. [PMID: 38063571 PMCID: PMC10706038 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20237141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
East and Southeast Asia (ESEA) are facing age-related eye health issues. Low-vision rehabilitation (LVR), which is a special rehabilitation service for individuals with vision impairment, is a promising solution for these health issues; however, poor accessibility to LVR services has been reported globally, including ESEA. Therefore, this scoping review aimed to summarize and understand the barriers to accessing LVR services in ESEA. In total, 20 articles were ultimately considered eligible for this scoping review after an electronic database search using MEDLINE (PubMed), Web of Science, Academic Search Ultimate (EBSCO), and Ichushi-Web (Japanese medical literature database), and an independent review by two reviewers. Twenty-one potential barrier factors were identified in the full-text review. Notably, age, education, economic status, "previous experience using eye care service", and "knowledge, information, and awareness" were the possible barrier factors that were examined for their association with LVR utilization, with supportive evidence in many eligible studies. We also identified research gaps relating to geographical and ethnic diversity, the scope of LVR services, and barriers among eligible articles. Therefore, by conducting further studies addressing the research gaps identified in this scoping review, these findings can be used to make LVR services more accessible to people in ESEA.
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Elmadina AEM. Progressive addition lenses wearers’ visual satisfaction among Saudi population. AFRICAN VISION AND EYE HEALTH 2022; 81. [DOI: 10.4102/aveh.v81i1.733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
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Sánchez-González MC, Sánchez-González JM, De-Hita-Cantalejo C, Vega-Holm M, Jiménez-Rejano JJ, Gutiérrez-Sánchez E. The Effect of Age on Binocular Vision Normative Values. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2020; 57:363-371. [PMID: 33211893 DOI: 10.3928/01913913-20200622-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To establish a relationship between age and horizontal heterophoria, horizontal fusional vergence amplitudes, and vergence facility testing. METHODS The sample consisted of 112 patients with a mean age of 39.8 ± 14.97 years (range: 18 to 65 years) and was composed of 61 women (54.5%) and 51 men (45.5%). The non-presbyopic group included patients 18 to 39 years old (n = 49) and the presbyopic group included patients 41 to 65 years old (n = 63). Binocular vision was studied by heterophoria horizontal magnitude (prism diopters [PD]), horizontal fusional vergences amplitudes (PD), and vergence facility testing (cycles per minute [cpm]) and quantified with a combination of 3 PD base-in and 12 PD base-out prisms. RESULTS Significant differences were obtained in near heterophoria with compensation (exophoria increased by 3.74 PD, t = 2.12, P < .05), distance positive fusional vergence (PFV) recovery (decreased by 2.86 PD, t = 3.03, P < .01), near PFV blur (decreased by 3.13 PD, t = 1.98, P = .05), near PFV break (decreased by 4.45 PD, t = 2.75, P < .01), near PFV recovery (decreased by 4.69 PD, t = 3.30, P < .01), and vergence facility testing (decreased by 2.63 PD, t = 2.77, P < .01). CONCLUSIONS The results indicated an increase of exophoria, a decrease in near positive horizontal fusional vergences, and vergence facility was dependent on age; thus, the authors suggest that changes in the normal values should be considered for each age range. [J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 2020;57(6):363-371.].
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Koduah C, Bunce C, Gilbert C. Presbyopia and Other Eye Conditions in Teachers in Ghana. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16173209. [PMID: 31484296 PMCID: PMC6747098 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16173209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to assess the eye health needs of school teachers in the Asutifi districts of Ghana. Presenting distance visual acuity was measured in each eye. Those with visual acuity of <6/12 in one or both eyes had subjective refraction. All underwent basic eye examination and near functional vision was assessed for teachers aged ≥35 years using the Near Activity Visual Questionnaire (NVAQ). Teachers with uncorrected presbyopia were given a near correction and NVAQ was assessed again at two weeks. Three hundred teachers were examined with mean (SD) age of 36.5 (9.7) years, 54.3% were male and 6.3% (95% CI: 3.8 to 9.8%) had a presenting acuity of <6/12 in one or both eyes. The estimated prevalence of moderate visual impairment was 0.7% (95% CI: 0.08 to 2.4%). Lens opacities (50%) and refractive error (18%) were the main causes of visual loss. Seventy-five out of 136 (55.1%, 95% CI: 46.6 to 63.4%) of teachers aged ≥35 years were presbyopic, 45.3% (95% CI: 36.9 to 53.7%) of whom had presbyopic correction. Lack of awareness was the major barrier to presbyopic correction. Median Rasch score for teachers given presbyopic correction (n = 39) decreased by 60.6% from 46.0 (IQR: 10.7 to 72.8) to 18.1 (IQR: 0 to 58.9) and overall satisfaction with near vision improved at follow up. Prevalence of presbyopia was high, and spectacles improved satisfaction with near vision.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Catey Bunce
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK.
| | - Clare Gilbert
- Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK.
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Sánchez-González MC, Pérez-Cabezas V, López-Izquierdo I, Gutiérrez-Sánchez E, Ruiz-Molinero C, Rebollo-Salas M, Jiménez-Rejano JJ. Is it possible to relate accommodative visual dysfunctions to neck pain? Ann N Y Acad Sci 2018. [PMID: 29524355 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to establish whether there is a relationship between conditions of accommodative visual dysfunctions and cervical complaints. Fifty-two participants were included. Variables were accommodative amplitude, positive and negative relative accommodation (NRA), accommodative response, and accommodative facility. Subjects were classified as accommodative insufficiency, accommodative excess, or normal. Neck complaints were measured with the Neck Disability Index, the Visual Analogue Scale, and by cervical range of motion, deep flexor muscle activation score, and performance index. We found the following significant relationships: between NRA and both performance index and left-side bending; accommodative amplitude right-eye with right-side bending and with left-side bending; accommodative amplitude left-eye with right-side bending; and accommodative facility left-eye with both performance index and left-side bending. In accommodative amplitude right-eye, aIl participants showed significant values and greater than those with accommodative excess. In both groups, performance index values were decreased. Greater pain and lower right-rotation were found in participants with accommodative excess than in those with accommodative insufficiency. We conclude that accommodative dysfunctions are related to low performance index, decreased range of motion, as well as greater neck pain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Verónica Pérez-Cabezas
- Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Nursing and Physiotherapy, University of Cadiz, Cadiz, Spain
| | | | | | - Carmen Ruiz-Molinero
- Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Nursing and Physiotherapy, University of Cadiz, Cadiz, Spain
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Girum M, Desalegn Gudeta A, Shiferaw Alemu D. Determinants of high unmet need for presbyopia correction: a community-based study in northwest Ethiopia. CLINICAL OPTOMETRY 2017; 9:25-31. [PMID: 30214357 PMCID: PMC6095584 DOI: 10.2147/opto.s123847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Lack of evidence on the magnitude of unmet presbyopia need, and barriers to uptake spectacles, limit appropriate planning and implementation of the provision of spectacles to address the backlog of uncorrected presbyopia. The purpose of this study was to determine the magnitude of unmet presbyopia need and the associated factors in Bahir Dar, Ethiopia. MATERIALS AND METHODS A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in 2015 in Bahir Dar. A multistage sampling technique was used to sample 729 study participants. Individuals more than 35 years of age who were unable to read the N8 line on a near vision chart unaided or with existing spectacles at 40 cm were considered as having unmet need for presbyopia correction. Distance and near visual acuities were measured by optometrists using Snellen illiterate E chart at 6 m and 40 m, respectively. Data were entered into Epi Info 2002 and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 16.0. Odds ratio (with 95% confidence interval [CI]) was used to determine the strength of association. P-values <0.05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS A total of 729 people were included in the study (response rate of 99.5%). The mean age ± standard deviation of participants was 48.9±8.8 years. Unmet presbyopic need was 69.2% (95% CI: 65.8%-72.6%). Age (36-45 years [adjusted odds ratio {AOR} = 3.95; 95% CI: 1.06, 4.80]), having no eye checkup in the past 1 year (AOR = 8.36; 95% CI: 5.16, 13.7), lack of awareness about place of refraction service (AOR = 4.38; 95% CI: 1.36, 13.7), and female gender (AOR = 1.78; 95% CI: 1.68, 2.9) were determinants of unmet presbyopia need. CONCLUSION The burden of unmet presbyopia need is a high priority according to the World Health Organization prioritization for provision of presbyopia services. Accessible and affordable provision of spectacles with health education and promotion efforts are imperative to address the backlog of unmet presbyopia correction need in the study area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikael Girum
- Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, College of Medicine and Health Science, Hawassa University, Awasa
| | - Alemayehu Desalegn Gudeta
- Department of Optometry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia,
| | - Destaye Shiferaw Alemu
- Department of Optometry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia,
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Schellini S, Ferraz F, Opromolla P, Oliveira L, Padovani C. Main visual symptoms associated to refractive errors and spectacle need in a Brazilian population. Int J Ophthalmol 2016; 9:1657-1662. [PMID: 27990372 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2016.11.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To determine the main visual symptoms in a Brazilian population sample, associated to refractive errors (REs) and spectacle need to suggest priorities in preventive programs. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in nine counties of the southeast region of Brazil, using a systematic sampling of households, between March 2004 and July 2005. The population was defined as individuals aged between 1 and 96y, inhabitants of 3600 residences to be evaluated and 3012 households were included, corresponding to 8010 subjects considered for participation in the survey, of whom 7654 underwent ophthalmic examinations. The individuals were evaluated according their demographic data, eye complaints and eye examination including the RE and the need to prescribe spectacles according to age. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software package and descriptive analysis using 95% confidence intervals (P<0.05). RESULTS The main symptom detected was asthenopia, most frequent in the 2nd and 3rd decades of life, with a significant decline after the 4th decade. Astigmatism was the RE most associated with asthenopia. Reduced near vision sight was more frequent in those ≥40y with a progressive decline thereafter. Spectacles were most frequently required in subjects of ≥40 years of age. CONCLUSION The main symptom related to the vision was asthenopia and was associated to astigmatism. The greatest need for spectacles prescription occurred after 40's, mainly to correct near vision. Subjects of ≥40 years old were determined to be at high risk of uncorrected REs. These observations can guide intervention programs for the Brazilian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Schellini
- Botucatu Medical School, University of State of Sao Paulo, Botucatu 18618-970, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabio Ferraz
- Botucatu Medical School, University of State of Sao Paulo, Botucatu 18618-970, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paula Opromolla
- Botucatu Medical School, University of State of Sao Paulo, Botucatu 18618-970, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Laryssa Oliveira
- Botucatu Medical School, University of State of Sao Paulo, Botucatu 18618-970, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos Padovani
- Botucatu Medical School, University of State of Sao Paulo, Botucatu 18618-970, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Pościk A, Jachowicz M. Mechanical properties of protective spectacles fitted with corrective lenses. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND ERGONOMICS 2016; 23:440-446. [PMID: 27649581 DOI: 10.1080/10803548.2016.1234131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The majority of commercially available corrective spectacles used by workers do not provide effective eye protection against mechanical hazards in the workplace. One of the risks commonly occurring during work is hitting the head on some protruding elements, such as components of machines, buildings or tree branches in a forest. Because of the considerable weight of the human head and the speed of movement during impact, this type of accident may be very serious. This article presents a method of testing the mechanical strength of corrective lenses, simulating the results of an impact of the head on elements of workplaces. The results of tests of commercially available materials used for the construction of corrective and protective spectacles are also presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Pościk
- a Central Institute for Labour Protection - National Research Institute (CIOP-PIB) , Poland
| | - Marcin Jachowicz
- a Central Institute for Labour Protection - National Research Institute (CIOP-PIB) , Poland
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