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Cockell S, Wang H, Benke KS, Ware EB, Bakulski KM. Exposures and conditions prior to age 16 are associated with dementia status among adults in the United States Health and Retirement Study. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.08.15.24312018. [PMID: 39185531 PMCID: PMC11343252 DOI: 10.1101/2024.08.15.24312018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Background Dementia susceptibility likely begins years before symptoms. Early life has not been comprehensively tested for dementia associations. Method In the US Health and Retirement Study (normal baseline cognition; n=16,509; 2008-2018 waves), 31 exposures before age 16 were retrospectively assessed with ten-year incident cognitive status (dementia, impaired, normal). Using parallel logistic models, each exposure was tested with incident cognition, adjusting for sex, baseline age, follow-up, race/ethnicity, personal/parental education. Result 14.5% had incident impairment and 5.3% had dementia. Depression was associated with 1.71 (95%CI:1.28,2.26) times higher odds of incident impairment, relative to normal cognition. Headaches/migraines were associated with 1.63 (95%CI:1.18,2.22) times higher odds of incident impairment. Learning problems were associated with 1.75 (95%CI:1.05,2.79) times higher odds of incident impairment. Childhood self-rated health of fair (1.86, 95%CI:1.27,2.64) and poor (3.39, 95%CI:1.91,5.82) were associated with higher incident dementia odds, relative to excellent. Conclusion Early life factors may be important for impairment or dementia, extending the relevant risk window.
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Pennock E, Slack EL, Grebby JA, Forster LN, Pearce MS. Associations between early infections and childhood cognition in the Newcastle Thousand Families Study birth cohort. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2023; 14:648-657. [PMID: 38017690 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174423000338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Childhood infections have been shown to stunt growth, contribute to malnutrition and reduce cognition in early adulthood. This study aimed to assess relationships between early life infections and childhood cognition at age 11 years in the Newcastle Thousand Families Study (NTFS). The analysis included 741 members from the NTFS who had complete data for infections between birth and 5 years, and the 11-plus examinations. School records from the 11-plus examinations showed cognitive (IQ), English (EQ) and arithmetic (AQ) abilities. Housing conditions, overcrowding, birth order and social class were recorded at birth. Helicobacter pylori seropositivity was measured at age 49-51 years. Multivariable linear regression was used to examine relationships between infections and cognition. The total number of infections in the first 5 years of life was not significantly associated with IQ, EQ or AQ, nor were there significant relationships between cognitive outcomes and most infections. Tonsillitis did display a positive, significant association with IQ after adjustment for confounders (b = 6.43, 95% CI 0.92, 11.94, p = 0.022). Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) showed significant negative relationships with all cognitive outcomes. H. pylori seropositivity at age 50 exhibited negative, significant relationships with EQ (p = 0.014) and AQ (p = 0.024) after adjustment for confounders. Although no significant relationship between overall infections and cognition were found, there were indications that LRTIs and gastrointestinal system infections may limit cognitive development. Given these infections remain prevalent, further research regarding severity and recurrence of infections and how they affect childhood cognition is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Pennock
- School of Biomedical, Nutritional and Sport Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Emma L Slack
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Jess A Grebby
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- School of Psychology, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Lara N Forster
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Mark S Pearce
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Lapidot Y, Maya M, Reshef L, Cohen D, Ornoy A, Gophna U, Muhsen K. Relationships of the gut microbiome with cognitive development among healthy school-age children. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1198792. [PMID: 37274812 PMCID: PMC10235814 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1198792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The gut microbiome might play a role in neurodevelopment, however, evidence remains elusive. We aimed to examine the relationship between the intestinal microbiome and cognitive development of school-age children. Methods This cross-sectional study included healthy Israeli Arab children from different socioeconomic status (SES). The microbiome was characterized in fecal samples by implementing 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Cognitive function was measured using Stanford-Binet test, yielding full-scale Intelligence Quotient (FSIQ) score. Sociodemographics and anthropometric and hemoglobin measurements were obtained. Multivariate models were implemented to assess adjusted associations between the gut microbiome and FSIQ score, while controlling for age, sex, SES, physical growth, and hemoglobin levels. Results Overall, 165 children (41.2% females) aged 6-9 years were enrolled. SES score was strongly related to both FSIQ score and the gut microbiome. Measures of α-diversity were significantly associated with FSIQ score, demonstrating a more diverse, even, and rich microbiome with increased FSIQ score. Significant differences in fecal bacterial composition were found; FSIQ score explained the highest variance in bacterial β-diversity, followed by SES score. Several taxonomic differences were significantly associated with FSIQ score, including Prevotella, Dialister, Sutterella, Ruminococcus callidus, and Bacteroides uniformis. Conclusions We demonstrated significant independent associations between the gut microbiome and cognitive development in school-age children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yelena Lapidot
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Maayan Maya
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Leah Reshef
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Dani Cohen
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Asher Ornoy
- Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Uri Gophna
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Khitam Muhsen
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Na'amnih W, Akawi A, Abu-Moch A, Cohen R, Dror G, Kassem E, Muhsen K, Ornoy A. Associations of early-life exposures and socioeconomic status with cognitive development at preadolescence. Pediatr Neonatol 2022; 64:192-200. [PMID: 36357285 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedneo.2022.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The long-term relations of socioeconomic status (SES) and early-life exposures with cognitive development at preadolescence are not fully understood, especially in low SES populations. We examined associations of SES and early-life exposures including feeding practices, physical growth and infections with cognitive development among preadolescents from underprivileged communities. METHODS A prospective study was conducted among 146 healthy children from two relatively low SES Arab villages in Israel, who were recruited at age 1-9 weeks and followed until age 18 months. Information was obtained on their feeding practices, health status and growth indicators. Cognitive development at age 10-12 years was assessed using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale, including the full-scale intelligence quotient (FSIQ) and scores of four cognitive domains. Multiple linear regression models were performed. RESULTS Nearly all the children (98%) were breastfed in infancy. Bivariate correlations were found of SES, growth indices and rates of diarrheal and respiratory illnesses in infancy, but not of feeding practices, with cognitive scores. In multivariable models, SES was positively (p < 0.001) associated with all the cognitive domains (beta coefficient ranges 4.3 to 8.2). Birthweight was positively associated with FSIQ (p = 0.039) and the perceptual reasoning index (p = 0.002). Weight for age Z score at age 10-14 months was positively associated with the verbal comprehension index (p = 0.003). The rate of respiratory illnesses was negatively associated with the perceptual reasoning index (p = 0.05). CONCLUSION SES is strongly associated with cognitive development even in relatively low SES communities. Birthweight, weight indicators and respiratory illness in infancy might affect cognitive development through preadolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wasef Na'amnih
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6139001, Israel
| | - Ashraf Akawi
- Child Development Center, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera, Israel
| | - Ahmad Abu-Moch
- Child Development Center, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera, Israel
| | - Rinat Cohen
- Department of Health Promotion, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Gal Dror
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6139001, Israel
| | - Eias Kassem
- Department of Pediatrics, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera, Israel
| | - Khitam Muhsen
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6139001, Israel.
| | - Asher Ornoy
- Department of Morphological Sciences and Teratology, Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel and the Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
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Cuellar-Macías E, Álvarez-Corrales N. Determinación antigénica de Helicobacter pylori en escolares de un centro educativo comunitario en Honduras. BIONATURA 2022. [DOI: 10.21931/rb/2022.07.03.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori es un colonizador ávido de la mucosa gástrica del ser humano. Las infecciones por H. pylori son usualmente asintomáticas y adquiridas en la niñez por lo cual tienden a progresar hacia cronicidad generando un daño tisular severo; por ello es relevante caracterizar diversos grupos poblacionales y vigilar epidemiológicamente la distribución de casos. Se realizó un proceso educativo de prevención de enfermedades gastrointestinales enlistando 60 niños entre 8 y 12 años en una escuela de la ciudad de Tegucigalpa, Honduras. Previo asentimiento informado, 45 escolares respondieron una encuesta para obtener datos demográficos, clínicos, ambientales y sociales. Asimismo, accedieron a colectar y entregar una muestra fecal. Se realizó un método inmunocromatográfico para determinar coproantígenos de H. pylori y se analizó estadísticamente la asociación entre infección por H. pylori, variables socioeconómicas y clínicas. Se detectaron coproantígenos de H. pylori en 29% de la población escolar estudiada, los cuales no mostraron sintomatología gastrointestinal severa o complicaciones. La prevalencia de infección aumenta con la edad de los escolares. No se encontró ninguna asociación estadística significativa entre la infección y las variables analizadas; no obstante, la prevalencia de portadores asintomáticos entre escolares pone en perspectiva el desarrollo de programas de vigilancia, así como estudios prospectivos con intervalos de seguimiento diagnóstico y clínico para prevenir oportunamente complicaciones tempranas y tardías.
Palabras clave: H. pylori, Diagnostico, Epidemiología, Escolares
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Socioeconomic disparities and household crowding in association with the fecal microbiome of school-age children. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2022; 8:10. [PMID: 35241676 PMCID: PMC8894399 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-022-00271-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of the gut microbiome occurs mainly during the first years of life; however, little is known on the role of environmental and socioeconomic exposures, particularly within the household, in shaping the microbial ecology through childhood. We characterized differences in the gut microbiome of school-age healthy children, in association with socioeconomic disparities and household crowding. Stool samples were analyzed from 176 Israeli Arab children aged six to nine years from three villages of different socioeconomic status (SES). Sociodemographic data were collected through interviews with the mothers. We used 16 S rRNA gene sequencing to characterize the gut microbiome, including an inferred analysis of metabolic pathways. Differential analysis was performed using the analysis of the composition of microbiomes (ANCOM), with adjustment for covariates. An analysis of inferred metagenome functions was performed implementing PICRUSt2. Gut microbiome composition differed across the villages, with the largest difference attributed to socioeconomic disparities, with household crowding index being a significant explanatory variable. Living in a low SES village and high household crowding were associated with increased bacterial richness and compositional differences, including an over-representation of Prevotella copri and depleted Bifidobacterium. Secondary bile acid synthesis, d-glutamine and d-glutamate metabolism and Biotin metabolism were decreased in the lower SES village. In summary, residential SES is a strong determinant of the gut microbiome in healthy school-age children, mediated by household crowding and characterized by increased bacterial richness and substantial taxonomic and metabolic differences. Further research is necessary to explore possible implications of SES-related microbiome differences on children's health and development.
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Smith SI, Ajayi A, Jolaiya T, Onyekwere C, Setshedi M, Schulz C, Otegbayo JA, Ndip R, Dieye Y, Alboraie M, Ally R, Gunturu R, Hyasinta J, Ugiagbe R, Ndububa D, Arigbabu A. Helicobacter pylori Infection in Africa: Update of the Current Situation and Challenges. Dig Dis 2021; 40:535-544. [PMID: 34380131 DOI: 10.1159/000518959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The burden of Helicobacter pylori infection (HPI) in Africa remains high with varying levels of prevalence among children and adults reported in different regions of the continent. Persistent and uneradicated HPI could result in gastric cancer, although less severe pathological outcomes have been reported among Africans - the so-called "African enigma." SUMMARY Analysis of endoscopic findings of the upper gastrointestinal tract demonstrates similarities with that of patients from the West. Thus, it could be asserted that the true picture of HPI in Africa is yet to be unveiled due to several challenges including inadequate health-care system, lack of treatment guidelines and standardized protocol for diagnosis, and lack of data. This review explores the prevalence, diagnosis, treatment, and health-care system in Africa as it relates to HPI, thus providing an update and highlighting the need for an African HPI guideline. KEY MESSAGES There is high prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection (HPI) in Africa with an increasing burden of antibiotic resistance. Various methods including invasive and noninvasive methods are deployed in the diagnosis of HPI in Africa. There is a need for consensus on diagnosis and treatment of HPI in Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Ifeanyi Smith
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria.,Department of Microbiology, Mountain Top University, Ogun, Nigeria
| | - Abraham Ajayi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria
| | | | - Charles Onyekwere
- Department of Medicine, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja, Nigeria
| | - Mashiko Setshedi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Departments of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Christian Schulz
- Department of Medicine 2, LMU Hospital, Ludwig-Maximillians-University, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Roland Ndip
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Yakhya Dieye
- Department of Microbiology, Institut Pasteur, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Mohamed Alboraie
- Department of Internal Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Reidwaan Ally
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Revathi Gunturu
- Department of Pathology, Aga Khan University Hospital Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Jaka Hyasinta
- Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Rose Ugiagbe
- Department of Medicine, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin, Nigeria
| | - Dennis Ndububa
- Department of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
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8
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Mahmoud A, Bakr A, Elsaid A, Wahba Y. Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection among children with primary nephrotic syndrome: a cross-sectional study. Afr Health Sci 2020; 20:1624-1631. [PMID: 34394223 PMCID: PMC8351824 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v20i4.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Limited data are available about the prevalence of helicobacter pylori (H.pylori) infection among primary NS children. Objectives To assess the frequency and risk factors of H.pylori infection among children with primary NS. Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out in Mansoura University Children's Hospital, Egypt during the period from 2017 to 2019 including 100 NS children (NS group) and 100 healthy controls. NS group included 88 steroid sensitive (SSNS) and 12 steroid resistant (SRNS) cases. All patients were assessed for H.pylori infection using H.pylori stool antigen (HpSA) test. Statistical analysis was done using chi-square, fisher exact and Mann-Whitney tests. Results With regard to HpSA test results, no significant differences were detected between control and NS groups (p = 0.193) and between SSNS and SRNS groups (p = 0.286). Concerning total biopsied cases and MCD (proven plus presumed) cases, no significant differences were found between those with positive and negative HpSA test (p = 0.648 and 0.126, respectively). The high dose of steroid therapy was associated with a higher risk of H.pylori infection among NS group (Odds ratio = 3.8; 95% confidence interval = 1.3–11.3). Conclusion The current study negates the increased risk of H.pylori infection in children with primary NS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Mahmoud
- Mansoura University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics
| | - Ashraf Bakr
- Mansoura University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics
| | - Afaf Elsaid
- Mansoura University Children's Hospital, Biochemistry Section
| | - Yahya Wahba
- Mansoura University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics
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Wei S, Dang Y, Peng L, Li X, Tang L, Zhang G. Association between Helicobacter pylori infection and delayed growth in children: A meta-analysis. Exp Ther Med 2020; 19:3814-3828. [PMID: 32346446 PMCID: PMC7185169 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.8654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is associated with extra-gastrointestinal diseases in children. The present study aimed to investigate the potential association between H. pylori infection and growth in children. The PubMed, Exerpta Medica dataBASE, Cochrane Library and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database databases were comprehensively searched for relevant publications dated between January 1st 1994 and January 1st 2019. Delayed childhood growth was defined according to the age-appropriate criteria in the World Health Organization Child Growth Charts (2006 edition). The odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs were pooled using the fixed-effects model and subgroup and sensitivity analyses were performed using Review Manager (version 5.3; Cochrane) and STATA (version 12.0; StataCorp LP) software. A total of 15 observational studies comprising 4,199 subjects were included in the present study. A higher frequency of delayed growth was observed in H. pylori-positive children compared with that in H. pylori-negative children (OR, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.28-1.78), particularly for linear growth (OR, 1.63; 95% CI, 1.32-2.00). The aforementioned association was only observed when H. pylori infection was detected using 13C-urea breath tests (OR, 1.72; 95% CI, 1.22-2.40) or serum IgG antibodies targeted against H. pylori (OR, 1.81; 95% CI, 1.35-2.44). H. pylori infection was also associated with delayed childhood growth in studies with a H. pylori prevalence of ≤30% (OR, 1.71; 95% CI, 1.31-2.23) or >30% but not >50% (OR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.10-1.86). The association between infection and growth was only statistically significant in the cross-sectional (OR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.18-1.73) and case-control (OR, 1.81; 95% CI, 1.23-2.67) studies. No significant heterogeneity among studies was identified in the present analysis. According to Begg's and Egger's linear regression methods for funnel plots and quantification assessments, no publication bias was identified. The trim and fill method further suggested that H. pylori-positive children were prone to delayed linear growth. Therefore, the present study suggested that preventing and detecting H. pylori infection in children may be critical to ensure normal growth and development during childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuchun Wei
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Yini Dang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Lei Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Xuan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Liming Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, P.R. China
| | - Guoxin Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
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Lai FP, Tu YF, Sheu BS, Yang YJ. Maternal H. pylori seropositivity is associated with gestational hypertension but is irrelevant to fetal growth and development in early childhood. BMC Pediatr 2019; 19:501. [PMID: 31842819 PMCID: PMC6916038 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-019-1863-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori infection is known to alter growth-related hormones and affect growth in young children. However, it is still unknown whether maternal H. pylori infection has an impact on the levels of cord blood growth-related hormones and whether this can predict intrauterine growth restriction and poor physical and neurodevelopmental outcomes in children. This study aimed to examine associations between maternal H. pylori infection and pregnancy-related adverse events, fetal growth and early childhood development. METHODS In this prospective cohort study, we recruited singleton pregnant women without major medical illnesses from January 2014 to January 2015. Seropositivity for H. pylori was defined as > 12 U/ml of anti-H. pylori IgG in maternal serum. Demographic data and pregnancy-related medical issues of the cohort were documented. Cord blood levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3), insulin, and ghrelin were determined using ELISA. The growth of the included neonates was monitored annually for up to 3 years, and cognitive development was assessed using the comprehensive developmental inventory for infants and toddlers (CDIIT) test 3 years after birth. RESULTS Of the 106 enrolled women, 25 (23.6%) were H. pylori-seropositive. Maternal H. pylori seropositivity was correlated with a higher risk of developing gestational hypertension (GH) (12% vs. 1.2%, p = 0.04) and lower cord blood levels of IGF-1 (< 35 ng/ml, 70.0% vs. 40.7%, p = 0.02) and IGFBP-3 (< 1120 ng/ml, 100.0% vs. 76.3%, p = 0.02) compared with the seronegative women. No significant impacts on birth weight, childhood growth and cognitive development were found to be correlated with maternal H. pylori seropositivity during pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS Maternal H. pylori infection during pregnancy was more likely to lead to the development of GH, but was not correlated with fetal and childhood growth and development. In addition to close monitoring of hypertension, H. pylori eradication can be considered for mothers with H. pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Ping Lai
- Departments of Pediatrics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Medical College, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng Li Rd, Tainan, 70428, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Fang Tu
- Departments of Pediatrics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Medical College, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng Li Rd, Tainan, 70428, Taiwan.,Institutes of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Medical College, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Bor-Shyang Sheu
- Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Medical College, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Institutes of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Medical College, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Jong Yang
- Departments of Pediatrics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Medical College, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng Li Rd, Tainan, 70428, Taiwan. .,Institutes of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Medical College, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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11
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Nataro JP, Guerrant RL. Chronic consequences on human health induced by microbial pathogens: Growth faltering among children in developing countries. Vaccine 2017; 35:6807-6812. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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12
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Zabala Torrres B, Lucero Y, Lagomarcino AJ, Orellana-Manzano A, George S, Torres JP, O'Ryan M. Review: Prevalence and dynamics of Helicobacter pylori infection during childhood. Helicobacter 2017. [PMID: 28643393 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Long-term persistent Helicobacter pylori infection has been associated with ulceropeptic disease and gastric cancer. Although H. pylori is predominantly acquired early in life, a clear understanding of infection dynamics during childhood has been obfuscated by the diversity of populations evaluated, study designs, and methods used. AIM Update understanding of true prevalence of H. pylori infection during childhood, based on a critical analysis of the literature published in the past 5 years. METHODS Comprehensive review and meta-analysis of original studies published from 2011 to 2016. RESULTS A MEDLINE® /PubMed® search on May 1, 2016, using the terms pylori and children, and subsequent exclusion, based on abstract review using predefined criteria, resulted in 261 citations. An Embase® search with the same criteria added an additional 8 citations. In healthy children, meta-analysis estimated an overall seroprevalence rate of 33% (95% CI: 27%-38%). Seven healthy cohort studies using noninvasive direct detection methods showed infection prevalence estimates ranging from 20% to 50% in children ≤5 and 38% to 79% in children >5 years. The probability of infection persistence after a first positive sample ranged from 49% to 95%. Model estimates of cross-sectional direct detection studies in asymptomatic children indicated a prevalence of 37% (95% CI: 30%-44%). Seroprevalence, but not direct detection rates increased with age; both decreased with increasing income. The model estimate based on cross-sectional studies in symptomatic children was 39% (95% CI: 35%-43%). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of H. pylori infection varied widely in the studies included here; nevertheless, model estimates by detection type were similar, suggesting that overall, one-third of children worldwide are or have been infected. The few cohort and longitudinal studies available show variability, but most studies, show infection rates over 30%. Rather surprisingly, overall infection prevalence in symptomatic children was only slightly higher, around 40%. Studies including only one positive stool sample should be interpreted with caution as spontaneous clearance can occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Zabala Torrres
- Microbiology and Mycology Program, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Universidad de Aysén, Campus Rio Simpson, Coyhaique, Chile
| | - Yalda Lucero
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Hospital Luis Calvo Mackenna, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Anne J Lagomarcino
- Microbiology and Mycology Program, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrea Orellana-Manzano
- Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida (FCV), Campus Gustavo Galindo Km. 30.5 Vía Perímetral, P. O. Box 09-01-5863, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Sergio George
- Microbiology and Mycology Program, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan P Torres
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Hospital Luis Calvo Mackenna, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Miguel O'Ryan
- Microbiology and Mycology Program, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Karachaliou M, Chatzi L, Michel A, Kyriklaki A, Kampouri M, Koutra K, Roumeliotaki T, Chalkiadaki G, Stiakaki E, Pawlita M, Waterboer T, Kogevinas M, de Sanjose S. Helicobacter pylori Seropositivity and Childhood Neurodevelopment, the Rhea Birth Cohort in Crete, Greece. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 2017. [PMID: 28640520 DOI: 10.1111/ppe.12374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited evidence exists on the association between exposure to Helicobacter pylori infection early in life, including fetal life, and neurodevelopment in childhood. METHODS We used prospective data on 352 mother-child pairs and cross-sectional data on 674 children to assess the association of maternal and child's H. pylori seropositivity correspondingly on child's neurodevelopment at age four in the Rhea birth cohort in Crete, Greece. Blood levels of immunoglobulin G antibodies to 12 H. pylori proteins were measured using multiplex serology. Child's neurodevelopment at age four was assessed using the McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities. Linear regression models were used to explore the associations after adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS Helicobacter pylori seroprevalence (95% CI) in cord blood, representing maternal status, was 41.5% (36.3%, 46.8%) and in 4 years old children was 6.5% (95% CI 4.8%, 8.7%). Children of H. pylori seropositive mothers had lower score in the general cognitive (-3.87, 95% CI -7.02, -0.72), verbal (-2.96, 95% CI -6.08, 0.15), perceptual performance (-3.37, 95% CI -6.60, -0.15), quantitative (-2.85, 95% CI -6.28, 0.58), and memory scale (-3.37, 95% CI -6.67, -0.07) compared to those of seronegative mothers. Seropositivity in cord blood specifically to GroEl and NapA - two of the 12 H. pylori proteins investigated - was associated with lower scores in almost all scales. At age four, H. pylori seropositive children performed worst in neurodevelopment assessment compared to their seronegative counterparts although no association reached statistically significant level. CONCLUSIONS Helicobacter pylori infection in early life may be an important but preventable risk factor for poor neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Karachaliou
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Leda Chatzi
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Angelika Michel
- Molecular Diagnostics of Oncogenic Infections Department, Infection and Cancer Programme, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andriani Kyriklaki
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Mariza Kampouri
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Katerina Koutra
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Theano Roumeliotaki
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Georgia Chalkiadaki
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Eftichia Stiakaki
- Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Michael Pawlita
- Molecular Diagnostics of Oncogenic Infections Department, Infection and Cancer Programme, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tim Waterboer
- Molecular Diagnostics of Oncogenic Infections Department, Infection and Cancer Programme, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Manolis Kogevinas
- Instituto de Salud Global Barcelona Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain.,Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia de Sanjose
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology, L'Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
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14
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Shindler-Itskovitch T, Ravona-Springer R, Leibovitz A, Muhsen K. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Association between Helicobacterpylori Infection and Dementia. J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 52:1431-42. [PMID: 27079725 DOI: 10.3233/jad-160132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A positive association between Helicobacter pylori infection and dementia has been reported, yet findings are inconsistent. OBJECTIVE To examine the association between H. pylori infection and dementia. METHODS A literature search was performed using the databases OVID-Medline, Institute of Scientific Information Web of Science, and EMBASE. The meta-analysis was conducted using the random effects model. The primary analysis included studies in which the exposure variable was presence of H. pylori infection (yes versus no) and the outcome was incident dementia (yes versus no), which was pre-selected as the end-result of gradual cognitive decline overtime. Publication bias was explored using funnel plot and the Egger regression intercept. RESULTS A total of 260 records were identified; 13 addressed cognition and/or dementia in relation to H. pylori infection, of which only seven were included in the meta-analysis. The primary analysis showed a significant positive association between H. pylori infection and dementia; pooled odds ratio 1.71 (95% CI 1.17-2.49) (pv = 0.01). No significant evidence of publication bias was found. CONCLUSIONS H. pylori may play a role in the etiology of dementia. Identification of the biological mechanisms of such association is needed, as well as assessment of the impact of H. pylori therapy on the risk and progression of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tali Shindler-Itskovitch
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ramit Ravona-Springer
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Memory Clinic, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Arthur Leibovitz
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Geriatric Medical Division, Meuchedet Health Maintenance Organization, Israel
| | - Khitam Muhsen
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv, Israel
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15
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Abstract
BACKGROUND There are conflicting results regarding the role of H. pylori in children's growth. We examined differences in growth indices at school age according to H. pylori infection acquisition in preschool age. MATERIALS AND METHODS A prospective study was undertaken between 2004 and 2009, in which of healthy children (N = 139, ages 3-5 years at baseline) were tested for the presence of H. pylori antigen in their stool using enzyme-linked immunoassay and followed-up till age 6-9 years (median follow-up time 45 months). Height, weight, and hemoglobin levels were measured, and socioeconomic data were obtained. Z scores of height for age, weight for age, and body mass index for age at baseline and follow-up were calculated using the 2000 Center for Disease Control and Prevention growth reference curves. Growth velocity (cm/month) between preschool and school age was compared between H. pylori-infected and uninfected children using mixed models. RESULTS Fifty-three percent of the children were H. pylori positive at baseline, and all except one child tested positive at follow-up. The adjusted mean Z score of height for age at follow-up was significantly lower among H. pylori-infected children than uninfected ones: 0.15 (95% confidence intervals (CIs) 0.02, 0.29) and 0.45 (95% CI 0.29, 0.60), respectively (p = .002). Growth velocity was slower in the former group -0.0264 cm/month (95% CI -0.047, -0.005) (p = .014), after adjusting for baseline height and age. H. pylori infection was not associated with body weight. CONCLUSIONS Helicobacter pylori infection acquired in early childhood may have long-term adverse influence on linear growth at school age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khitam Muhsen
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Sophy Goren
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Dani Cohen
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv, Israel
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16
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Interaction between Helicobacter pylori and latent toxoplasmosis and demographic variables on cognitive function in young to middle-aged adults. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0116874. [PMID: 25590622 PMCID: PMC4295891 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori and latent toxoplasmosis are widespread diseases that have been associated with cognitive deficits and Alzheimer's disease. We sought to determine whether interactions between Helicobacter pylori and latent toxoplasmosis, age, race-ethnicity, educational attainment, economic status, and general health predict cognitive function in young and middle-aged adults. To do so, we used multivariable regression and multivariate models to analyze data obtained from the United States' National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, which can be weighted to represent the US population. In this sample, we found that 31.6 percent of women and 36.2 percent of men of the overall sample had IgG Antibodies against Helicobacter pylori, although the seroprevalence of Helicobacter pylori varied with sociodemographic variables. There were no main effects for Helicobacter pylori or latent toxoplasmosis for any of the cognitive measures in models adjusting for age, sex, race-ethnicity, educational attainment, economic standing, and self-rated health predicting cognitive function. However, interactions between Helicobacter pylori and race-ethnicity, educational attainment, latent toxoplasmosis in the fully adjusted models predicted cognitive function. People seropositive for both Helicobacter pylori and latent toxoplasmosis - both of which appear to be common in the general population - appear to be more susceptible to cognitive deficits than are people seropositive for either Helicobacter pylori and or latent toxoplasmosis alone, suggesting a synergistic effect between these two infectious diseases on cognition in young to middle-aged adults.
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17
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Budzyński J, Kłopocka M. Brain-gut axis in the pathogenesis of Helicobacter pylori infection. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:5212-5225. [PMID: 24833851 PMCID: PMC4017036 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i18.5212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Revised: 01/11/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is the main pathogenic factor for upper digestive tract organic diseases. In addition to direct cytotoxic and proinflammatory effects, H. pylori infection may also induce abnormalities indirectly by affecting the brain-gut axis, similar to other microorganisms present in the alimentary tract. The brain-gut axis integrates the central, peripheral, enteric and autonomic nervous systems, as well as the endocrine and immunological systems, with gastrointestinal functions and environmental stimuli, including gastric and intestinal microbiota. The bidirectional relationship between H. pylori infection and the brain-gut axis influences both the contagion process and the host’s neuroendocrine-immunological reaction to it, resulting in alterations in cognitive functions, food intake and appetite, immunological response, and modification of symptom sensitivity thresholds. Furthermore, disturbances in the upper and lower digestive tract permeability, motility and secretion can occur, mainly as a form of irritable bowel syndrome. Many of these abnormalities disappear following H. pylori eradication. H. pylori may have direct neurotoxic effects that lead to alteration of the brain-gut axis through the activation of neurogenic inflammatory processes, or by microelement deficiency secondary to functional and morphological changes in the digestive tract. In digestive tissue, H. pylori can alter signaling in the brain-gut axis by mast cells, the main brain-gut axis effector, as H. pylori infection is associated with decreased mast cell infiltration in the digestive tract. Nevertheless, unequivocal data concerning the direct and immediate effect of H. pylori infection on the brain-gut axis are still lacking. Therefore, further studies evaluating the clinical importance of these host-bacteria interactions will improve our understanding of H. pylori infection pathophysiology and suggest new therapeutic approaches.
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18
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Muhsen K, Cohen D, Levine MM. Can Giardia lamblia infection lower the risk of acute diarrhea among preschool children? J Trop Pediatr 2014; 60:99-103. [PMID: 24158113 DOI: 10.1093/tropej/fmt085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
There are inconsistent findings concerning the role of Giardia lamblia in pediatric diarrhea. A prospective cohort study of the incidence of acute diarrhea among Israeli Arab preschool children offered the opportunity to examine the association between G. lamblia infection (at baseline) and subsequent diarrhea. Following baseline screening by light microscopy for the presence of Giardia in their stools, a cohort was assembled of 142 children who were followed between October 2003 and August 2004 for the incidence of diarrhea. Surveillance was performed through maternal interviews. At baseline, 21 children tested Giardia-positive. During the prospective surveillance, acute diarrhea occurred less often among Giardia-positive children (9.5%) than among children who were not infected with Giardia (26.5%). G. lamblia infection was associated with lower risk of acute diarrhea; adjusted odds ratio of 0.18 (95% confidence interval 0.04-0.93) (p = 0.041). This prospective study provides additional evidence that Giardia may lower the risk of subsequent acute diarrhea among preschool children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khitam Muhsen
- Department of Medicine, Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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19
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Pacifico L, Osborn JF, Tromba V, Romaggioli S, Bascetta S, Chiesa C. Helicobacter pylori infection and extragastric disorders in children: a critical update. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:1379-401. [PMID: 24587617 PMCID: PMC3925850 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i6.1379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Revised: 11/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a highly prevalent, serious and chronic infection that has been associated causally with a diverse spectrum of extragastric disorders including iron deficiency anemia, chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, growth retardation, and diabetes mellitus. The inverse relation of H. pylori prevalence and the increase in allergies, as reported from epidemiological studies, has stimulated research for elucidating potential underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. Although H. pylori is most frequently acquired during childhood in both developed and developing countries, clinicians are less familiar with the pediatric literature in the field. A better understanding of the H. pylori disease spectrum in childhood should lead to clearer recommendations about testing for and treating H. pylori infection in children who are more likely to develop clinical sequelae. A further clinical challenge is whether the progressive decrease of H. pylori in the last decades, abetted by modern clinical practices, may have other health consequences.
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20
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Bazmamoun H, Razavi Z, Esfahani H, Arefian. Evaluation of Iron deficiency anemia and BMI in children suffering from Helicobacter pylori infection. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC HEMATOLOGY AND ONCOLOGY 2014; 4:167-71. [PMID: 25598957 PMCID: PMC4293516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies suggest an association between H. pylori infection and disorders such as iron deficiency anemia and growth delay. Considering the high prevalence of H. pylori infection and iron deficiency anemia, this study was performed in order to evaluate their relevance in children undergoing an upper endoscopy. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this case-control study, children aged 2 to 16 years old, undergoing endoscopy from March 2012 to March 2013 at Besat Hospital of Hamedan, were selected. Participants were divided in H.Pylori infected and non-infected groups. Then the two groups were compared in terms of body mass index (BMI) and the incidence of iron deficiency anemia. The presence of Helicobacter pylori infection in children was confirmed by Giemsa staining of gastric biopsy specimens. Collected data was analyzed by SPSS 17.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL) and t-test and chi-square. RESULTS In this study, 200 children (94 male and 106 female) were evaluated. The most common presenting symptom in both groups was abdominal pain. 8.2 % (9 cases) of the infected patients and 10.5% (10 cases) of the non-infected patients had iron deficiency anemia which this difference was not statistically significant (p=270). Also, no statistically significant difference was noted between the two groups in terms of gender (p=0.32), hemoglobin (p=0.35), Ferritin levels (p= 0.275) and body mass index (p= 0.273). CONCLUSION The results of this study not showed an association between H. pylori infection and iron deficiency anemia or body mass index in studied children.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Bazmamoun
- Associate professor of pediatric gastroenterology, Department of pediatrics, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Z Razavi
- Associate professor of pediatric endocrinology, Department of pediatrics, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences, Hamedan, Iran
| | - H Esfahani
- Assistant professor of pediatric hematology/oncology, Department of pediatrics, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Arefian
- General physician, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences, Hamedan, Iran.,Corresponding Author: Arefian MS MD, Pediatric Ward, Besat Hospital, Ayatollah Motahari Blvd, Resalat Square, Hamedan, Iran.
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21
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Queiroz DMM, Rocha AMC, Crabtree JE. Unintended consequences of Helicobacter pylori infection in children in developing countries: iron deficiency, diarrhea, and growth retardation. Gut Microbes 2013; 4:494-504. [PMID: 23988829 PMCID: PMC3928161 DOI: 10.4161/gmic.26277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori infection is predominantly acquired early in life. The prevalence of the infection in childhood is low in developed countries, whereas in developing countries most children are infected by 10 y of age. In poor resource settings, where malnutrition, parasitic/enteropathogen and H. pylori infection co-exist in young children, H. pylori might have potentially more diverse clinical outcomes. This paper reviews the impact of childhood H. pylori infection in developing countries that should now be the urgent focus of future research. The extra-gastric manifestations in early H. pylori infection in infants in poor resource settings might be a consequence of the infection associated initial hypochlorhydria. The potential role of H. pylori infection on iron deficiency, growth impairment, diarrheal disease, malabsorption and cognitive function is discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dulciene MM Queiroz
- Laboratory of Research in Bacteriology; Faculdade de Medicina; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Andreia MC Rocha
- Laboratory of Research in Bacteriology; Faculdade de Medicina; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Jean E Crabtree
- Leeds Institute Molecular Medicine; St. James’s University Hospital; University of Leeds; Leeds, UK,Correspondence to: Jean E Crabtree,
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