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Ranjan JK, Kumari R, Choudhary A. Prevalence of attention deficit and hyperactive disorders in South Asian countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis of cross-sectional surveys from 1980 to 2023. Asian J Psychiatr 2024; 94:103970. [PMID: 38401384 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2024.103970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Jay Kumar Ranjan
- Department of Psychology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Rajbala Kumari
- Ranchi Women's College, Ranchi University, Ranchi, India
| | - Amrita Choudhary
- Department of Psychology, St. Xavier's University, Kolkata, India.
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Teruel MA, Sanchis J, Ruiz-Robledillo N, Albaladejo-Blázquez N, Ferrer-Cascales R, Trujillo J. Measuring attention of ADHD patients by means of a computer game featuring biometrical data gathering. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26555. [PMID: 38434359 PMCID: PMC10907648 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
ADHD is a neurodevelopmental disorder diagnosed mainly in children, marked by inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity. The symptoms are highly variable, such as different ages of onset and potential comorbidities, contributing to frequent misdiagnoses. Professionals note a gap in modern diagnostic tools, making accurate identification challenging. To address this, recent studies recommend gamification for better ADHD diagnosis and treatment, though further research is essential to confirm its efficacy. This work aims to create a serious game, namely "Attention Slackline", to assess attention levels. The game, designed with expert input, requires players to concentrate on a specific point to recognize specific patterns while managing distractions. A controlled experiment tested its precision, and results were compared with established attention tests by a correlation analysis. Statistical analysis confirmed the game's validity, especially in tracking attention through correct responses and errors. Preliminary evidence suggests that "Attention Slackline" may serve as a credible instrument for the assessment of attentional capacities in individuals with ADHD, given that its outcomes have been empirically shown to correlate with those derived from a well-established attention assessment methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A. Teruel
- Lucentia Research Group, University of Alicante, Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), Carretera San Vicente Del Raspeig S/n, 03690, San Vicente Del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain
| | - Javier Sanchis
- Lucentia Research Group, University of Alicante, Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), Carretera San Vicente Del Raspeig S/n, 03690, San Vicente Del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain
- XSB Disseny I Multimedia, S.L., Carrer Del Mercat, 21, 03430, Onil, Alicante, Spain
| | - Nicolás Ruiz-Robledillo
- Department of Health Psychology, Faculty of Health Science, University of Alicante, Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), Carretera San Vicente Del Raspeig S/n, 03690, San Vicente Del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain
| | - Natalia Albaladejo-Blázquez
- Department of Health Psychology, Faculty of Health Science, University of Alicante, Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), Carretera San Vicente Del Raspeig S/n, 03690, San Vicente Del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain
| | - Rosario Ferrer-Cascales
- Department of Health Psychology, Faculty of Health Science, University of Alicante, Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), Carretera San Vicente Del Raspeig S/n, 03690, San Vicente Del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain
| | - Juan Trujillo
- Lucentia Research Group, University of Alicante, Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), Carretera San Vicente Del Raspeig S/n, 03690, San Vicente Del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain
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Robles Bermejo F. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: Neuropsychological profile and study of its impact on executive functions and academic performance. An Pediatr (Barc) 2024; 100:87-96. [PMID: 38246835 DOI: 10.1016/j.anpede.2024.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of the study was to describe the neuropsychological profile of patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and the impact of the disorder on executive functioning and academic performance. PATIENTS AND METHODS We conducted a retrospective observational and analytical study. The sample consisted of 24 children with a diagnosis of ADHD (aged 6-15 years) without pharmacological treatment and 24 controls without ADHD (aged 7-15 years). A comprehensive neuropsychological evaluation was carried out, encompassing major cognitive domains, in addition to assessment of executive functioning and psychopathological symptoms through the administration of questionnaires to parents and teachers. RESULTS The cognitive profile of the ADHD group was characterized by overall scores (including executive functions and academic abilities) in the normal range (z scores between -1 and 1), although significantly lower compared to the control group. Over half of the patients with ADHD (58%) had associated specific learning disorders. Furthermore, teachers tended to report executive function difficulties more frequently in male students. CONCLUSIONS In the study sample, the group of patients with ADHD exhibited cognitive performance within the normal range, although with lower scores compared to controls. Behavioural rating scales provide valuable information about functioning outside the clinic, but may yield biased results on account of the focus on externalising symptoms. The neuropsychological evaluation is a useful tool that can facilitate the diagnosis of ADHD and an effective response to the needs and characteristics of patients and families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Robles Bermejo
- Sección de Psicología Clínica, Servicio de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental, Hospital Central de la Defensa Gómez Ulla CSVE, Madrid, Spain.
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Garre-Morata L, de Haro T, Villén RG, Fernández-López ML, Escames G, Molina-Carballo A, Acuña-Castroviejo D. Changes in Cortisol and in Oxidative/Nitrosative Stress Indicators after ADHD Treatment. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:92. [PMID: 38247516 PMCID: PMC10812591 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13010092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Although ADHD is one of the most prevalent diseases during childhood, we still do not know its precise origin; oxidative/nitrosative stress and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis are suggested contributors. Methylphenidate, among others, is the main drug used in ADHD patients, but its effects on relevant markers and structures remain unclear. This study, involving 59 patients diagnosed with ADHD according to DSM-5 criteria, aimed to assess changes in cortisol levels (using cortisol awakening response, CAR) and oxidative/nitrosative status with the treatment. Blood samples before and 3 months after treatment with methylphenidate were used to measure oxidative and inflammatory markers, as well as the endogenous antioxidant activity, while saliva samples tracked cortisol awakening response (CAR). The results showed a treatment-related improvement in the redox profile, with the reduction in advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), lipid peroxidation (LPO), and nitrite plus nitrate (NOx) levels, and the increase in the enzymatic activities of glutathione reductase (GRd) and catalase (CAT). Moreover, the area under the curve (AUC) of CAR increased significantly, indicating increased reactivity of the HPA axis. These results support, for the first time, the involvement of the endogenous antioxidant system in the pathophysiology of ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Garre-Morata
- UGC of Laboratorios Clínicos, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Cecilio, 18016 Granada, Spain; (L.G.-M.); (T.d.H.)
| | - Tomás de Haro
- UGC of Laboratorios Clínicos, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Cecilio, 18016 Granada, Spain; (L.G.-M.); (T.d.H.)
- Ibs.Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (M.L.F.-L.); (G.E.)
| | | | - María Luisa Fernández-López
- Ibs.Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (M.L.F.-L.); (G.E.)
- UGC of Pediatrics, San Cecilio University Hospital, 18016 Granada, Spain;
| | - Germaine Escames
- Ibs.Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (M.L.F.-L.); (G.E.)
- Ibs.CIBERfes, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Antonio Molina-Carballo
- Ibs.Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (M.L.F.-L.); (G.E.)
- UGC of Pediatrics, San Cecilio University Hospital, 18016 Granada, Spain;
- Department of Pediatrics, Medicine Faculty, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Darío Acuña-Castroviejo
- UGC of Laboratorios Clínicos, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Cecilio, 18016 Granada, Spain; (L.G.-M.); (T.d.H.)
- Ibs.Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (M.L.F.-L.); (G.E.)
- Ibs.CIBERfes, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
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Cubello J, Marvin E, Conrad K, Merrill AK, George JV, Welle K, Jackson BP, Chalupa D, Oberdörster G, Sobolewski M, Cory-Slechta DA. The contributions of neonatal inhalation of copper to air pollution-induced neurodevelopmental outcomes in mice. Neurotoxicology 2024; 100:55-71. [PMID: 38081392 PMCID: PMC10842733 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2023.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Exposures to ambient ultrafine particle (UFP) air pollution (AP) during the early postnatal period in mice (equivalent to human third trimester brain development) produce male-biased changes in brain structure, including ventriculomegaly, reduced brain myelination, alterations in neurotransmitters and glial activation, as well as impulsive-like behavioral characteristics, all of which are also features characteristic of male-biased neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). The purpose of this study was to ascertain the extent to which inhaled Cu, a common contaminant of AP that is also dysregulated across multiple NDDs, might contribute to these phenotypes. For this purpose, C57BL/6J mice were exposed from postnatal days 4-7 and 10-13 for 4 hr/day to inhaled copper oxide (CuxOy) nanoparticles at an environmentally relevant concentration averaging 171.9 ng/m3. Changes in brain metal homeostasis and neurotransmitter levels were determined following termination of exposure (postnatal day 14), while behavioral changes were assessed in adulthood. CuxOy inhalation modified cortical metal homeostasis and produced male-biased disruption of striatal neurotransmitters, with marked increases in dopaminergic function, as well as excitatory/inhibitory imbalance and reductions in serotonergic function. Impulsive-like behaviors in a fixed ratio (FR) waiting-for-reward schedule and a fixed interval (FI) schedule of food reward occurred in both sexes, but more prominently in males, effects which could not be attributed to altered locomotor activity or short-term memory. Inhaled Cu as from AP exposures, at environmentally relevant levels experienced during development, may contribute to impaired brain function, as shown by its ability to disrupt brain metal homeostasis and striatal neurotransmission. In addition, its ability to evoke impulsive-like behavior, particularly in male offspring, may be related to striatal dopaminergic dysfunction that is known to mediate such behaviors. As such, regulation of air Cu levels may be protective of public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine Cubello
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
| | - Elena Marvin
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Katherine Conrad
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Alyssa K Merrill
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Jithin V George
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Kevin Welle
- Proteomics Core, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Brian P Jackson
- Department of Earth Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - David Chalupa
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Günter Oberdörster
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Marissa Sobolewski
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Deborah A Cory-Slechta
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
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Francés L, Ruiz A, Soler CV, Francés J, Caules J, Hervás A, Carretero C, Cardona B, Quezada E, Fernández A, Quintero J. Prevalence, comorbidities, and profiles of neurodevelopmental disorders according to the DSM-5-TR in children aged 6 years old in a European region. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1260747. [PMID: 38025459 PMCID: PMC10667691 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1260747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There are no studies that measure the prevalence and real comorbidities of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) according to the DSM-5-TR in 6-year-old children in population and clinical samples or studies that measure them as a whole. The data on the prevalence of these disorders are usually disparate because of the estimation methods (direct/indirect), the type of sample (population/clinical/school), and the ages studied. Methods The initial sample (289 subjects) was representative of 6-year-old children in the entire population of Menorca, obtained from pediatric primary care services (100% of the sample). The patients were divided into two groups based on the criterion of verification of clinical warning signs. One of the groups represented the clinical or experimental sample (EG) (81 subjects) at risk of NDDs; the other group was considered the control sample (CG) (210 subjects), and they were subjects without risk of suffering NDDs. A direct clinical assessment of the clinical sample was carried out, and they were administered the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-V), the Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals (CELF-5), the Battery for the evaluation of the processes of revised reading (Batería para la evaluación de los procesos de lectura revisada - PROLEC-R), the Test for the Diagnosis of Basic Mathematical Competences, (TEDI-MATH), and the Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire (DCDQ). Results A total of 21.5% of the initial sample suffered from an NDD. A total of 2.4% presented autism spectrum disorder (ASD); 14% presented attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD); 0.34% presented mild intellectual disability; 9.54% presented communication disorder (CD) (5.8% language disorder, 3.4% phonological disorder, and 0.34% stuttering); 10% presented learning disorder with reading difficulties; 5.8% presented learning disorder with difficulties in writing; 3.11% presented learning disorder with difficulties in mathematics; 1% presented transitory tic disorder; 0.34% presented chronic tic disorder; 1% presented Tourette syndrome; 2% presented motor coordination disorder (MCD); and 0.34% presented stereotypic movement disorders. Male children were more affected than female children in general, with male/female ORs of 0.14/0.92 for the presence of comorbidities, 0.11/0.88 for combined ADHD, 0.06/0.87 for language disorder, 1.02/1.27 for MCD, and 1.39/1.02 for inattentive ADHD. Conclusion In disadvantaged contexts, there was a higher prevalence of NDDs and comorbidities, unless the disorder was extreme, in which case only the NDD manifestations were presented. A significant proportion of the sample had not been previously diagnosed (88.6%); therefore, early detection programs are recommended to identify warning signs and develop policies that help and support the most disadvantaged sectors of the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Francés
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatrist, IBSMIA, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antoni Ruiz
- Research Group on Socio-Educational Interventions in Childhood and Youth, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Joan Francés
- Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Miguel Hernández University, Elche, Spain
| | - Jessica Caules
- Teaching, Arrels Institute, Ciutadella de Menorca, Spain
| | - Amaia Hervás
- Child–Adolescent Mental Health Unit, Mutua Terrasa University Hospital, Terrassa, Catalonia, Spain
- Psychiatry, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
- Saint George Hospital, London, United Kingdom
- Child–Adolescent Psychiatry, Maudsley Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Alberto Fernández
- Psychiatry Department of Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Quintero
- Psychiatry Department of Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Psychiatry Service of Infanta Leonor Hospital, Madrid, Spain
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Ayano G, Demelash S, Gizachew Y, Tsegay L, Alati R. The global prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents: An umbrella review of meta-analyses. J Affect Disord 2023; 339:860-866. [PMID: 37495084 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.07.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging epidemiological data suggest that hundreds of primary studies have examined the prevalence of ADHD in children and adolescents and dozens of systematic view and meta-analyses studies have been conducted on the subject. The purpose of this umbrella review is to provide a robust synthesis of evidence from these systematic reviews and meta-analyses. METHODS We systematically searched PubMed, Web of Science, PsychINFO, and Scopus to find pertinent studies. The study was preregistered with PROSPERO (CRD42023389704). The quality of the studies was assessed using a Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR). Prevalence estimates from the included studies were pooled using invariance variance weighted random-effect meta-analysis. RESULTS Thirteen meta-analytic systematic reviews (588 primary studies) with 3,277,590 participants were included in the final analysis. A random effect meta-analysis of these studies showed that the global prevalence of ADHD in children and adolescents was 8.0 % (95%CI 6.0-10 %). The prevalence estimate was twice higher in boys (10 %) compared to girls (5 %). Of the three subtypes of ADHD, the inattentive type of ADHD (ADHD-I) was found to be the most common type of ADHD followed by the hyperactive (ADHD-HI) and the combined types (ADHD-C). CONCLUSION Findings from our compressive umbrella review suggest that ADHD is highly prevalent in children and adolescents with boys twice more likely to experience the disorder than girls. Our results underpin that priority should be given to preventing, early identifying, and treating ADHD in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Getinet Ayano
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Australia.
| | - Sileshi Demelash
- Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Department of Family Medicine, CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Rosa Alati
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Australia; Institute for Social Science Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
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Asadi-Pooya AA, Farazdaghi M, Asadi-Pooya H, Fazelian K. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in patients with seizures: Functional seizures vs. epilepsy. J Clin Neurosci 2023; 115:20-23. [PMID: 37459827 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2023.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated the rates of positive screening for attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults with seizures [i.e., focal epilepsy vs. idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE) vs. functional seizures (FS)]. We hypothesized that the rates of positive screening for ADHD are different between these three groups of patients. METHODS This was a cross sectional study. Patients, 19 to 55 years of age, with a diagnosis of IGE, focal epilepsy or FS were investigated at the outpatient epilepsy clinic at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran, from September 2022 until January 2023 and during their follow-up visits. We used the validated Persian version of Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS v1.1)15 to investigate and screen for ADHD in these patients. RESULTS Forty patients with focal epilepsy, 40 with IGE, and 40 with FS were included. Attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) screening was positive in 35% of patients with FS, in 30% of those with focal epilepsy (compared with FS, p = 0.633), and in 10% of patients with IGE (compared with FS, p = 0.007). CONCLUSION Adult patients with functional seizures and those with focal epilepsy are at a high risk of self-reporting experiences that could be characteristic of ADHD. Screening tools [e.g., Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS v1.1)] are useful to help clinicians address seizure comorbidities such as ADHD. However, a clinical diagnosis of ADHD should be ascertained in a patient with positive screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali A Asadi-Pooya
- Epilepsy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Jefferson Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Mohsen Farazdaghi
- Epilepsy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hanieh Asadi-Pooya
- Epilepsy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Khatereh Fazelian
- Epilepsy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Salari N, Ghasemi H, Abdoli N, Rahmani A, Shiri MH, Hashemian AH, Akbari H, Mohammadi M. The global prevalence of ADHD in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ital J Pediatr 2023; 49:48. [PMID: 37081447 PMCID: PMC10120242 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-023-01456-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Attention-Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder is a developmental neurological disorder that has three basic characteristics: Attention Deficit, Hyperactivity, and impulsivity. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of ADHD in children and adolescents. METHODS This investigation was carried out using the meta-analysis method under PRISMA guidelines. Until October 2020, the articles were gathered by scanning PubMed, Scopus, WOS, and Science Direct databases. The second version of Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software was used to run analyses after extracting data from chosen papers. At a significance level of 0.05, the I2 test was used to analyze study heterogeneity, and the Egger test was used to assess publication bias. RESULTS This analysis includes 61 cross-sectional research, with 53 research used to determine the prevalence of ADHD in children, 7.6% of 96,907 children aged 3 to 12 years had ADHD (95% confidence interval: 6.1-9.4%), and 5.6% of teenagers aged 12 to 18 years have ADHD (95% confidence interval: 4.8-7%). The prevalence of ADHD in children and adolescents according to the DSM-V criterion is also higher than previous diagnostic criteria, according to studies. CONCLUSION The findings of this study based on meta-analysis show the high prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The findings of this study demonstrate the importance of management and policy in the treatment and control of ADHD in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nader Salari
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Hooman Ghasemi
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Nasrin Abdoli
- Department of Psychiatry, Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | | | | | - Amir Hossein Hashemian
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Hakimeh Akbari
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Gerash University of Medical Sciences, Gerash, Iran
| | - Masoud Mohammadi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Gerash University of Medical Sciences, Gerash, Iran.
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Jung DH, Lee HJ, Choi YW, Shin HK, Choi BT. Sex-specific responses to juvenile stress on the dopaminergic system in an animal model of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 160:114352. [PMID: 36738506 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The etiology of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) strongly suggests a genetic component as the main cause; however, environmental factors such as early adverse experiences in childhood may play an interactive role with the genetic susceptibility. Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs), a genetic ADHD model, and control Wistar Kyoto rats (WKYs) were subjected to chronic unpredictable mild stress during the juvenile period. The behavioral characteristics were monitored, and dopamine-related factors in the core regions of dopaminergic pathways were measured. Higher ADHD symptom-related behaviors were observed in response to juvenile stress in male SHRs than control WKYs. For the SHRs subjected to juvenile stress, hyperactivity in males, recognition in females, and depressant potential in both sexes were markedly observed. In the expression of 17 dopamine-related genes and proteins, greater changes were detected in male SHRs subjected to juvenile stress, especially in dopamine metabolic factors. Dopamine clearance factors involved in dopamine degradation and transport, especially catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) and dopamine transporter (DAT), showed sex-specific differences induced by juvenile stress in dopamine metabolite assays. Moreover, stressed male SHRs treated with methylphenidate showed better improvement in behavior than the females, resulting in different levels of COMT and DAT amelioration. These results suggest that juvenile stress potentially increased the incidence of ADHD in a genetic rat model, which showed sex-specific differences based on the expression of COMT and DAT. Therefore, our results could help develop gender-specific diagnostics and healthcare options for juvenile stress in patients with ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Hee Jung
- Department of Korean Medical Science, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea; Graduate Training Program of Korean Medical Therapeutics for Healthy Aging, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Ju Lee
- Department of Korean Medical Science, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea; Graduate Training Program of Korean Medical Therapeutics for Healthy Aging, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Whan Choi
- Department of Horticultural Bioscience, College of Natural Resource and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa Kyoung Shin
- Department of Korean Medical Science, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea; Graduate Training Program of Korean Medical Therapeutics for Healthy Aging, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea.
| | - Byung Tae Choi
- Department of Korean Medical Science, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea; Graduate Training Program of Korean Medical Therapeutics for Healthy Aging, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea.
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Gender imbalance in doctoral education: an analysis of the Spanish university system (1977–2021). Scientometrics 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11192-023-04648-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
AbstractDoctoral education is a key feature of university systems, as well as a basic foundation of scientific practice. That period culminates in a dissertation and examination of the candidate that has been studied from several points of view. This paper reports the results of an analysis on the evolution and characteristics of gender imbalance of a complete doctoral system for a wide period of time. Data from the database Teseo was used in order to identify the individuals involved in the process, the scientific fields in which the dissertations where classified, and the institutions in which the examination took place. Results: the Spanish system shows a clear evolution towards gender balance, but also some concerning trends that are worth tracking. Seemingly, STEM disciplines look to be evolving more slowly than other branches of science in several aspects. A leaky pipeline is characterized in this system around the roles of supervisors, candidates, members and chairs of the dissertation committees. Gender assortativity is also studied and described, and its possible effects discussed around the academic relations that surround doctoral examination.
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Ramos-Quiroga JA, Richarte V, Soto I, Targhetta M, Ward J, Perulero N. The Prevalence and Treatment of ADHD in Spain: A Retrospective Cohort Analysis. J Atten Disord 2023; 27:273-282. [PMID: 36373564 DOI: 10.1177/10870547221136226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Estimate the prevalence and incidence of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and analyze variations in its treatment across Spain. METHOD Analyses were performed using IQVIA's clinical practice RealWorld Database, the electronic medical records of some 1 million patients from 2013 to 2018. MPH treatment was assessed using the Defined Daily Dose (DDD), MPH sales were extracted from IQVIA's Sell-Out database and the number of active psychiatrists from IQVIA's OneKey Database. RESULTS Significantly higher ADHD prevalence and incidence (1) in children than in adults and (2) in males compared to females. 91% of patients take MPH. Regional variations in MPH consumption range from 247 Daily Dose per Inhabitant (DDI) per 100,000 inhabitants to 414. CONCLUSION ADHD continues to be underdiagnosed and undertreated, particularly in adults, and more so in females. The lack of diagnostic tools for adults and the variations in treatment across the country need to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Antonio Ramos-Quiroga
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Madrid, Spain.,Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Vanesa Richarte
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Madrid, Spain.,Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Isabel Soto
- IQVIA Information S.A., Madrid, Comunidad de Madrid, Spain
| | | | - John Ward
- IQVIA RDS S.L, Madrid, Comunidad de Madrid, Spain
| | - Núria Perulero
- IQVIA Information S.A., Madrid, Comunidad de Madrid, Spain
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Francés L, Caules J, Ruiz A, Soler CV, Hervás A, Fernández A, Rodríguez-Quiroga A, Quintero J. An approach for prevention planning based on the prevalence and comorbidity of neurodevelopmental disorders in 6-year-old children receiving primary care consultations on the island of Menorca. BMC Pediatr 2023; 23:32. [PMID: 36670411 PMCID: PMC9852795 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-023-03844-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have estimated the real prevalence of neurodevelopmental disorders according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM-5) in Spain and worldwide. However, there are disparate prevalence figures. We consider research in this field essential to improve early detection, secondary prevention, and health planning. METHODS The Minikid ADHD and TICS-Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview for Children and Adolescents, the Autism Spectrum Quotient (Children's version, AQ- Child) and a protocol of general medical questions were administered for screening purposes. The PROLEXIA battery for children aged from 4 to 6 years was used for direct assessments. Parents provided information on emotional, medical, and school aspects. The final population evaluated using these tools consisted of 291 6-year-old subjects. RESULTS The overall risk of presenting with a neurodevelopmental disorder was 55.4%. A 23.4% risk of presenting with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in any modality (inattentive, hyperactive-impulsive and combined), a 2.8% risk of developing autism spectrum disorder (ASD), a 30.6% risk of presenting with a learning disorder with reading difficulties, a 5.5% risk of tics and a 22.5% risk of language problems (incomprehensible language or minor language problems) were detected in the sample. The most common combination of disorders was learning and language difficulties, accounting for 6.9% of the sample. The second most frequent combination was the presence of learning and language difficulties and ADHD, accounting for 4.5% of the sample. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of risks detected in our sample seems to be consistent with national and international studies. A significant proportion of our sample had never been previously diagnosed (85%), so early detection programs are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Francés
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatrist, Menorca (Balearic Islands, Spain), Av. Del Metge Camps 20, 07740 Es Mercadal, Balearic Islands Spain
| | | | - Antoni Ruiz
- grid.5841.80000 0004 1937 0247University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Catalina Virgínia Soler
- grid.487143.d0000 0004 1807 8885Dalt Sant Joan Center (Mahón), Servei de Salut de les Illes Balears, Mahón, Illes Balears Spain
| | - Amaia Hervás
- grid.410458.c0000 0000 9635 9413Child–Adolescent Mental Health Unit at the Mutua Terrasa University Hospital, Barcelona, Catalonia Spain ,grid.7080.f0000 0001 2296 0625the Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia Spain ,Saint George Hospital in London, London, UK ,grid.439833.60000 0001 2112 9549Child–Adolescent Psychiatry at Maudsley Hospital, London, UK
| | - Alberto Fernández
- grid.4795.f0000 0001 2157 7667Department of Legal Medicine, Psychiatry and Pathology at the Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Javier Quintero
- Psychiatry Service of the Infanta Leonor Hospital, Madrid, Spain ,grid.4795.f0000 0001 2157 7667Psychiatry Department of the Complutense University of Madrid, Leading Expert in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Madrid, Spain
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Roth PM. Los Psicodiagnósticos Multidimensionales en las infancias: Un Caso Clínico. CLÍNICA CONTEMPORÁNEA 2022. [DOI: 10.5093/cc2022a19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
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Bosch R, Pagerols M, Rivas C, Sixto L, Bricollé L, Español-Martín G, Prat R, Ramos-Quiroga JA, Casas M. Neurodevelopmental disorders among Spanish school-age children: prevalence and sociodemographic correlates. Psychol Med 2022; 52:3062-3072. [PMID: 33436129 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291720005115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prevalence estimates of neurodevelopmental disorders (ND) are essential for treatment planning. However, epidemiological research has yielded highly variable rates across countries, including Spain. This study examined the prevalence and sociodemographic correlates of ND in a school sample of Spanish children and adolescents. METHODS The Child Behaviour Checklist/Teacher's Report Form/Youth Self-Report and the Conners' Rating Scales were administered for screening purposes. Additionally, teachers provided information on reading and writing difficulties. Subjects who screened positive were interviewed for diagnostic confirmation according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders criteria. The final population comprised 6834 students aged 5-17. Multivariate analyses were performed to determine the influence of gender, age, educational stage, school type, socioeconomic status (SES), and ethnicity on the prevalence estimates. RESULTS A total of 1249 (18.3%) subjects met criteria for at least one ND, although only 423 had already received a diagnosis. Specifically, the following prevalence rates were found: intellectual disabilities (ID), 0.63%; communication disorders, 1.05%; autism spectrum disorder (ASD), 0.70%; attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), 9.92%; specific learning disorder (SLD), 10.0%; and motor disorders, 0.76%. Students of foreign origin and from low SES evidenced higher odds of having ID. Boys were more likely to display ASD or a motor disorder. Age, SES, and ethnicity were significant predictors for SLD, while communication disorders and ADHD were also associated with gender. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of ND among Spanish students is consistent with international studies. However, a substantial proportion had never been previously diagnosed, which emphasise the need for early detection and intervention programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Bosch
- Servei de Psiquiatria, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain
- Grup de Psiquiatria, Salut Mental i Addiccions, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Psiquiatria i Medicina Legal, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- CIBER de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mireia Pagerols
- Servei de Psiquiatria, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain
- Grup de Psiquiatria, Salut Mental i Addiccions, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Rivas
- Servei de Psiquiatria, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain
- Grup de Psiquiatria, Salut Mental i Addiccions, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Sixto
- Servei de Psiquiatria, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain
- Grup de Psiquiatria, Salut Mental i Addiccions, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Bricollé
- Servei de Psiquiatria, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain
- Grup de Psiquiatria, Salut Mental i Addiccions, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Español-Martín
- Servei de Psiquiatria, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain
- Grup de Psiquiatria, Salut Mental i Addiccions, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Psiquiatria i Medicina Legal, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Raquel Prat
- Servei de Psiquiatria, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain
- Grup de Psiquiatria, Salut Mental i Addiccions, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep A Ramos-Quiroga
- Servei de Psiquiatria, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain
- Grup de Psiquiatria, Salut Mental i Addiccions, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Psiquiatria i Medicina Legal, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- CIBER de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miquel Casas
- Servei de Psiquiatria, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain
- Grup de Psiquiatria, Salut Mental i Addiccions, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Psiquiatria i Medicina Legal, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- CIBER de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- UTAE Research Program, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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San Mauro Martin I, Sanz Rojo S, González Cosano L, Conty de la Campa R, Garicano Vilar E, Blumenfeld Olivares JA. Impulsiveness in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder after an 8-week intervention with the Mediterranean diet and/or omega-3 fatty acids: A randomised clinical trial. Neurologia 2022; 37:513-523. [PMID: 31883771 DOI: 10.1016/j.nrl.2019.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS) is a self-administered instrument designed to assess the personality/behavioural construct of impulsiveness. Impulsiveness has been associated with several psychiatric disorders, including attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This study assesses the progression of impulsive behaviour in children with ADHD after an 8-week dietary intervention with the Mediterranean diet and/or omega-3 fatty acid supplementation, by using a version of the 11-item BIS adapted for children (BIS-11c). METHODS This cross-sectional study includes 60 children with ADHD from the region of Madrid, Spain. Participants were divided into 4 groups, with one control group (G1) and 3 intervention groups (Mediterranean diet [G2]; omega-3 supplementation [G3]; and Mediterranean diet plus omega-3 supplementation [G4]). A personalised Mediterranean diet was designed for members of groups 2 and 4. The BIS-11c was administered to determine the level of impulsiveness, and the KIDMED test was used to assess adherence to the Mediterranean diet. RESULTS The supplementation group showed a fairly significant decrease in the total BIS-11c (P=.049). Total cognitive score slightly decreased in the diet and supplementation groups. Only the control group showed a considerable decrease in the total motor score. Total nonplanning scores were lower in all groups after the intervention. Baseline and final BIS-11c scores were positively correlated with treatments (r>0.9). CONCLUSION An intake of 550mg EPA fatty acid and 225mg DHA fatty acid per day for 8 weeks is associated with less marked impulsive behaviour in children with ADHD. A Mediterranean diet may improve BIS scores, although our results are not conclusive in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - S Sanz Rojo
- Research Centres in Nutrition and Health, Madrid, España
| | | | | | | | - J A Blumenfeld Olivares
- Hospital El Escorial, San Lorenzo de El Escorial, Madrid, España; Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, España
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Nazeer N, Rohanachandra Y, Prathapan S. Prevalence of ADHD in Primary School Children, in Colombo District, Sri Lanka. J Atten Disord 2022; 26:1130-1138. [PMID: 34784810 DOI: 10.1177/10870547211058704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine prevalence of ADHD among primary school children in Colombo district, Sri Lanka. METHODS A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 1,125 primary school children aged 6 to 10 years in Sinhala medium state schools in Colombo district. Prevalence was assessed with validated Sinhala version of Swanson, Nolan, Pelham-IV (SNAP-IV-S) scale where primary care givers and class teachers were the respondents and diagnosis was confirmed by a Consultant Child and Adolescent Psychiatrist. RESULTS The mean age of the sample was 7.9 years (SD = 1.2) and largely males (n = 603, 56.6%). Overall prevalence of ADHD was 6.5% (95% CI [5.1, 8.1]) with combined as the commonest subtype. Prevalence was higher among males (9.6%) than females (2.9%) with a sex ratio of 1:3.8 and was highest in the 7 to 8 year old age group (7.4%-7.5%). CONCLUSION School based screening enabling early detection of ADHD and timely referral is the need of the hour.
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Francés L, Quintero J, Fernández A, Ruiz A, Caules J, Fillon G, Hervás A, Soler CV. Current state of knowledge on the prevalence of neurodevelopmental disorders in childhood according to the DSM-5: a systematic review in accordance with the PRISMA criteria. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2022; 16:27. [PMID: 35361232 PMCID: PMC8973738 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-022-00462-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To interpret the current evidence on the prevalence of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) through a systematic review based on both DSM-5 (2013) and PRISMA criteria. METHOD Empirical studies complying with the PRISMA guidelines were identified from four databases (PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, and ProQuest) and systematically reviewed. In total, 17 articles were selected for the study. RESULTS In the scientific literature, there have been only a few studies measuring the prevalence of NDDs according to the DSM-5 (2013) criteria in people under 18 years old. The reported prevalence rates were as follows: intellectual disability (ID), 0.63%; attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), 5-11%; autism spectrum disorder (ASD), 0.70-3%; specific learning disorder (SLD), 3-10%; communication disorders (CDs), 1-3.42%; and motor disorders (MDs), 0.76-17%. Although there is extensive literature on specific disorders, NDDs have rarely been assessed as a whole. All of the reviewed studies support the idea that such disorders can be considered chronic, heterogeneous, underdiagnosed conditions and that comorbidity of multiple NDDs is the norm. Likewise, it is estimated that the prevalence of the most studied disorders, such as ADHD, ASD and SLD, remains stable over time and is consistent in different cultures, ages, ethnicities and sexes. CONCLUSION The studies reviewed lead us to conclude that the prevalence rate of NDDs fluctuates globally between 4.70 and 88.50%; these variations depend on methodological aspects such as estimation procedures, as well as on sociocontextual phenomena. It is also important to consider that the prevalence found is probably highly influenced by the activity of the countries in the diagnosis and training of professionals who care for children and adolescents. Hence, there is a need for a secondary intervention in the fields of public health and education to minimize socioemotional consequences, prevent academic failure, and reduce the economic cost to society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Francés
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatrist, Menorca (Balearic Islands, Spain). Av. Del Metge Camps 20, 07740, Es Mercadal, Balearic Islands, Spain.
| | - Javier Quintero
- Head of the Psychiatry Service, Infanta Leonor Hospital Madrid, Madrid, Spain ,grid.5515.40000000119578126Department of the Complutense, University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Fernández
- grid.4795.f0000 0001 2157 7667Department of Legal Medicine, Psychiatry and Pathology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antoni Ruiz
- grid.5841.80000 0004 1937 0247University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jessica Caules
- Psychopedagogical Center Arrels, Ciutadella, Balearic Islands Spain
| | - Gabriella Fillon
- grid.451052.70000 0004 0581 2008Somerset Foundation Trust–National Health System (NHS), London, UK
| | - Amaia Hervás
- grid.5841.80000 0004 1937 0247University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain ,Child–Adolescent Mental Health Unit at the Mutua Terrasa University Hospital, Catalonia, Spain ,Saint George Hospital in London, London, UK ,grid.439833.60000 0001 2112 9549Child-Adolescent Psychiatry at Maudsley Hospital, London, UK
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Sanabra M, Gómez-Hinojosa T, Grau N, Alda JA. Deficient Emotional Self-Regulation and Sleep Problems in ADHD with and without Pharmacological Treatment. J Atten Disord 2022; 26:426-433. [PMID: 33472511 DOI: 10.1177/1087054720986242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study is to analyse DESR and its influence on sleep parameters in three different groups of children and adolescents: a group newly diagnosed with ADHD naïve, a group with ADHD under pharmacological treatment and a control group. METHOD Subjects were a total of 327 children and adolescents. Two groups diagnosed with ADHD: 108 medication-naïve and 80 under pharmacological treatment; and one group with 136 healthy subjects. DESR was defined using anxious/depressed, attention problems and aggressive behaviors (AAA) scales from the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), and sleep through the Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children. RESULTS Significant differences were found comparing the three groups (p = .001), with a significantly higher profile on DESR in ADHD subjects, especially those who did not undergo treatment, and a positive correlation between DESR and sleep. CONCLUSION Children and adolescents with ADHD without treatment present higher DESR than healthy controls and consequently higher sleep problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Sanabra
- Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Unit of Hospital de Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat de Ramón Llull, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Núria Grau
- Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Unit of Hospital de Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose A Alda
- Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Unit of Hospital de Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain.,Children and Adolescent Mental Health Research Group, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Research Group Mental Health Interventions
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García Ron A, Rodriguez Mesa M, Arias Vivas E, Bote Gascon M. The impact of methylphenidate treatment on the functional and structural properties of the left ventricle: A medium-term prospective study. An Pediatr (Barc) 2021; 96:43-50. [PMID: 34937681 DOI: 10.1016/j.anpede.2020.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although methylphenidate (MPH) used for treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are considered safe in healthy children and adolescents in the short and medium term, there is a widespread concern about long-term cardiovascular safety. MATERIAL AND METHODS Interventional, prospective, longitudinal and comparative study with a crossover design to evaluate the cardiovascular impact of the treatment with MPH in healthy children and adolescents diagnosed with ADHD. A protocol for the cardiovascular evaluation was established at a basal point, after the first and the second year of the beginning with treatment based on the monitoring of blood pressure (BP) and echocardiographic follow-up of the systolic and diastolic functions, and structural cardiac properties. RESULTS 73 patients completed the study, with an average age of 9 ± 2.6 years, 75.3% were male and the majority were thin (64.4%). We found an increase in Systolic and Diastolic BP of 3.7 ± 9 mmHg (P = 0.004) and 2 ± 11,5 mmHg respectively. There were no severe cardiovascular events. We didn't find any echocardiographic alterations namely on the structural properties or parameters of systolic function. Regarding diastolic function, a significant increase in the isovo-lumic relaxation time (IVRT) (P = 0.046) and deceleration time (P = 0.016) was observed. However, no significant alterations in the parameters related to distensibility of the LV neither in the early diastolic pressure were found. CONCLUSION Further studies are needed to evaluate the impact of psychostimulants as a modifiable long-term Cardiovascular Risk Factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián García Ron
- Unidad de Neuropediatría, Instituto del Niño y del Adolescente, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain.
| | | | - Eva Arias Vivas
- Unidad de Neuropediatría, Instituto del Niño y del Adolescente, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Bote Gascon
- Unidad de Neuropediatría, Instituto del Niño y del Adolescente, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
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Impulsiveness in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder after an 8-week intervention with the Mediterranean diet and/or omega-3 fatty acids: a randomised clinical trial. NEUROLOGÍA (ENGLISH EDITION) 2021; 37:513-523. [PMID: 34656505 DOI: 10.1016/j.nrleng.2019.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS) is a self-administered instrument designed to assess the personality/behavioural construct of impulsiveness. Impulsiveness has been associated with several psychiatric disorders, including attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This study assesses the progression of impulsive behaviour in children with ADHD after an 8-week dietary intervention with the Mediterranean diet and/or omega-3 fatty acid supplementation, by using a version of the 11-item BIS adapted for children (BIS-11c). METHODS This cross-sectional study includes 60 children with ADHD from the region of Madrid, Spain. Participants were divided into 4 groups, with one control group and 3 intervention groups (Mediterranean diet; omega-3 supplementation; and Mediterranean diet plus omega-3 supplementation). A personalised Mediterranean diet was designed for members of groups 2 and 4. The BIS-11c was administered to determine the level of impulsiveness, and the KIDMED test was used to assess adherence to the Mediterranean diet. RESULTS The supplementation group showed a fairly significant decrease in the total BIS-11c (P = .049). Total cognitive score slightly decreased in the diet and supplementation groups. Only the control group showed a considerable decrease in the total motor score. Total nonplanning scores were lower in all groups after the intervention. Baseline and final BIS-11c scores were positively correlated with treatments (r > 0.9). CONCLUSION An intake of 550 mg EPA fatty acid and 225 mg DHA fatty acid per day for 8 weeks is associated with less marked impulsive behaviour in children with ADHD. A Mediterranean diet may improve BIS scores, although our results are not conclusive in this population.
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Leache L, Arrizibita O, Gutiérrez-Valencia M, Saiz LC, Erviti J, Librero J. Incidence of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Diagnoses in Navarre (Spain) from 2003 to 2019. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18179208. [PMID: 34501798 PMCID: PMC8431029 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18179208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) constitutes one of the leading mental health and behavioral disorders in childhood and adolescence. The main objective of this study was to analyze the time trend in the incidence of ADHD diagnoses in Navarre (Spain) from 2003 to 2019 in children and adolescents from 5 to 19 years old. Additionally, the seasonal trends of ADHD incidence and ADHD prevalence were determined. (2) Methods: A population-based observational retrospective study, which included people born between 1991 and 2011 and who attended compulsory education between 2007 and 2017 in Navarre (Spain), was carried out with data from both the Education and Health Department databases. (3) Results: The incidence rate increased from 4.18 cases per 1000 person-years in 2003 to 7.43 cases per 1000 person-years in 2009, before decreasing progressively to 2.1 cases per 1000 person-years in 2019. A peak incidence rate at 7–8 years of age was observed, which is consistent across the study period and for both genders. Males were more than twice as likely to be diagnosed with ADHD than females, with similar time trends in both. A seasonal pattern in ADHD diagnosis was found, with peaks in February–March and the lowest rates in the summer months. Inattentive cases were much more frequent than hyperactive cases, whereas combined cases remained low across the study period. (4) Conclusions: In this age-period-cohort analysis, a clear period and age effect was observed. We found a decreasing trend in the ADHD incidence rate since 2015. Further research is needed to confirm whether a change of trend is occurring globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leire Leache
- Unit of Innovation and Organization, Navarre Health Service, 31003 Pamplona, Navarre, Spain; (L.L.); (M.G.-V.); (L.C.S.)
| | | | - Marta Gutiérrez-Valencia
- Unit of Innovation and Organization, Navarre Health Service, 31003 Pamplona, Navarre, Spain; (L.L.); (M.G.-V.); (L.C.S.)
- Navarre Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Navarre, Spain
| | - Luis Carlos Saiz
- Unit of Innovation and Organization, Navarre Health Service, 31003 Pamplona, Navarre, Spain; (L.L.); (M.G.-V.); (L.C.S.)
| | - Juan Erviti
- Therapeutics Initiative, Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmaceuticals and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada;
| | - Julián Librero
- Navarrabiomed Biomedical Research Centre, Navarre Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Public University of Navarre (UPNA), 31008 Pamplona, Navarre, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-848-428-392
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Benti M, Bayeta AB, Abu H. Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Associated Factors Among Children Attending Pediatric Outpatient Departments of West Shewa Zone Public Hospitals, Central Ethiopia. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2021; 14:1077-1090. [PMID: 34321936 PMCID: PMC8311170 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s285065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder is a common childhood-onset neurodevelopmental disorder that affects the child’s psychosocial, educational, neuropsychological functioning self-esteem and quality of life from childhood to adulthood. It is estimated to affect about 5% of children and a third leading cause of disabilities. Objective To assess the prevalence of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and its associated factors among children attending pediatric OPD in hospitals found in West Shoa zone, Central Ethiopia, 2020. Methods Institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2020 to February 2020 among 422 children attending pediatric OPD in selected hospitals in West Shewa Zone and disruptive behavioral rating scale was used to collect data. OPD (out patient department) is section of hospital where patients who receive treatment without staying overnight are seen. Data were entered into Epi info version 7.1.2 and exported to SPSS version 21 for analysis. Descriptive statistics were done. Bivariate logistic regression was done to examine the relationship between different independent variables with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Variable with p-value <0.05 was taken as statistically significant. Results The prevalence rate of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) among children attending pediatric OPD was 8.4%, 95% CI (5.9, 11.1). Being male (AOR= 3.35, 95% CI (1.52, 7.38), age 6–11 (AOR=3.38 CI (1.22, 9.39)), having a family size greater than five (AOR=3.95, CI (1.44, 10.11)), low family income (AOR=3.47, 95% CI (1.25, 10.10), presence of one or more psychosocial stressors (AOR=4.50, 95% CI (1.77, 9.42)), family history of mental illness (AOR= 3.6, 95% CI (1.78, 8.21)) and mothers having complication during pregnancy (AOR= 3.05, CI (1.10, 8.48)) were factors found to be associated with ADHD. Conclusion Prevalence of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in this study is higher than global prevalence. This study has shown us ADHD is a public health issue that requires great emphasis and it is found to be associated with being male, younger age, large family size, low family income, psychosocial stressors, family history of mental illness and complication of pregnancy are factors associated with ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misael Benti
- Department of psychiatry Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences Ambo University, Ambo, Ethiopia
| | - Adamu Birhanu Bayeta
- Department of psychiatry Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences Ambo University, Ambo, Ethiopia
| | - Haji Abu
- Department of psychiatry Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences Ambo University, Ambo, Ethiopia
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Breach MR, Dye CN, Joshi A, Platko S, Gilfarb RA, Krug AR, Franceschelli DV, Galan A, Dodson CM, Lenz KM. Maternal allergic inflammation in rats impacts the offspring perinatal neuroimmune milieu and the development of social play, locomotor behavior, and cognitive flexibility. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 95:269-286. [PMID: 33798637 PMCID: PMC8187275 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2021.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal systemic inflammation increases risk for neurodevelopmental disorders like autism, ADHD, and schizophrenia in offspring. Notably, these disorders are male-biased. Studies have implicated immune system dysfunction in the etiology of these disorders, and rodent models of maternal immune activation provide useful tools to examine mechanisms of sex-dependent effects on brain development, immunity, and behavior. Here, we employed an allergen-induced model of maternal inflammation in rats to characterize levels of mast cells and microglia in the perinatal period in male and female offspring, as well as social, emotional, and cognitive behaviors throughout the lifespan. Adult female rats were sensitized to ovalbumin (OVA), bred, and challenged intranasally on gestational day 15 of pregnancy with OVA or saline. Allergic inflammation upregulated microglia in the fetal brain, increased mast cell number in the hippocampus on the day of birth, and conferred region-, time- and sex- specific changes in microglia measures. Additionally, offspring of OVA-exposed mothers subsequently exhibited abnormal social behavior, hyperlocomotion, and reduced cognitive flexibility. These data demonstrate the long-term effects of maternal allergic challenge on offspring development and provide a basis for understanding neurodevelopmental disorders linked to maternal systemic inflammation in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela R. Breach
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA,Neuroscience Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Courtney N. Dye
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA,Neuroscience Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Aarohi Joshi
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Steven Platko
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Rachel A. Gilfarb
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA,Neuroscience Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Annemarie R. Krug
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - Anabel Galan
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Claire M. Dodson
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Kathryn M. Lenz
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA,Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA,Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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Molina R, Redondo B, Molina-Carballo A, García JA, Muñoz-Hoyos A, Vera J, Jiménez R. Capturing attention improves accommodation: An experimental study in children with ADHD using multiple object tracking. Vision Res 2021; 186:52-58. [PMID: 34051609 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2021.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The present study was aimed at assessing the impact of manipulating the attentional load using a multiple object tracking (MOT) task on the dynamics of the accommodative response in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The pupil size was recorded to assess the effectiveness of the experimental manipulation, and the role of ADHD medication was also explored. The accommodative and pupil dynamics (magnitude and variability) were monitored with an open-field autorefractometer (WAM-5500) in 41 children with ADHD (24 non-medicated and 17 medicated) and 21 non-ADHD controls, while they performed the MOT task with four different levels of complexity (i.e., tracking zero, one, two, or three targets). We found that increasing the attentional load caused a heightened accommodative response, showing a negative association between MOT complexity and accommodative lag in children with ADHD and non-ADHD controls. Complementarily, the pupil size increased as a function of task complexity, confirming a successful experimental manipulation. The stability of accommodation was insensitive to the attentional manipulation, but it differed between groups. Specifically, non-medicated children with ADHD exhibited a greater variability of accommodation in comparison to controls. Increasing the attentional load is associated with a reduction in the accommodative lag in children with ADHD and controls. Our findings show that the allocation of attention plays an important role in the dynamics of the accommodative response, which may be of relevance in the diagnosis and treatment of accommodative deficits in children with and without ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Molina
- CLARO (Clinical and Laboratory Applications of Research in Optometry) Research Group, Department of Optics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Spain
| | - Beatriz Redondo
- CLARO (Clinical and Laboratory Applications of Research in Optometry) Research Group, Department of Optics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Spain.
| | - Antonio Molina-Carballo
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Neuropediatric and Neurodevelopment Unit of Clinico San Cecilio University Hospital, Spain
| | - José Antonio García
- CLARO (Clinical and Laboratory Applications of Research in Optometry) Research Group, Department of Optics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Spain
| | - Antonio Muñoz-Hoyos
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Neuropediatric and Neurodevelopment Unit of Clinico San Cecilio University Hospital, Spain
| | - Jesús Vera
- CLARO (Clinical and Laboratory Applications of Research in Optometry) Research Group, Department of Optics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Spain
| | - Raimundo Jiménez
- CLARO (Clinical and Laboratory Applications of Research in Optometry) Research Group, Department of Optics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Spain
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Koly KN, Martin-Herz SP, Islam MS, Sharmin N, Blencowe H, Naheed A. Parent mediated intervention programmes for children and adolescents with neurodevelopmental disorders in South Asia: A systematic review. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247432. [PMID: 33705420 PMCID: PMC7951928 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Parent-mediated programmes have been found to be cost effective for addressing the needs of the children and adolescents with Neurodevelopmental Disorders (NDD) in high-income countries. We explored the impact of parent-mediated intervention programmes in South Asia, where the burden of NDD is high. METHODS A systematic review was conducted using the following databases; PUBMED, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Google Scholar and Web of Science. Predefined MeSH terms were used, and articles were included if published prior to January 2020. Two independent researchers screened the articles and reviewed data. OUTCOMES MEASURES The review included studies that targeted children and adolescents between 1 and 18 years of age diagnosed with any of four specific NDDs that are commonly reported in South Asia; Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), Intellectual Disability (ID), Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Cerebral Palsy (CP). Studies that reported on parent or child outcomes, parent-child interaction, parent knowledge of NDDs, or child activities of daily living were included for full text review. RESULTS A total of 1585 research articles were retrieved and 23 studies met inclusion criteria, including 9 Randomized Controlled Trials and 14 pre-post intervention studies. Of these, seventeen studies reported effectiveness, and six studies reported feasibility and acceptability of the parent-mediated interventions. Three studies demonstrated improved parent-child interaction, three studies demonstrated improved child communication initiations, five studies reported improved social and communication skills in children, four studies demonstrated improved parental knowledge about how to teach their children, and four studies reported improved motor and cognitive skills, social skills, language development, learning ability, or academic performance in children. CONCLUSION This systematic review of 23 studies demonstrated improvements in parent and child skills following parent-mediated intervention in South Asia. Additional evaluations of locally customized parent-mediated programmes are needed to support development of feasible interventions for South Asian countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamrun Nahar Koly
- Initiative for Non-Communicable Diseases, Health Systems and Population Studies Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Susanne P. Martin-Herz
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Developmental Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Md. Saimul Islam
- Initiative for Non-Communicable Diseases, Health Systems and Population Studies Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Nusrat Sharmin
- Initiative for Non-Communicable Diseases, Health Systems and Population Studies Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Department of Psychology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Hannah Blencowe
- Maternal Adolescent Reproductive and Child Health Centre, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Aliya Naheed
- Initiative for Non-Communicable Diseases, Health Systems and Population Studies Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- * E-mail:
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Montes-Montes R, Delgado-Lobete L, Rodríguez-Seoane S. Developmental Coordination Disorder, Motor Performance, and Daily Participation in Children with Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 8:187. [PMID: 33804502 PMCID: PMC8000379 DOI: 10.3390/children8030187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Children with Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) often present with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) or motor coordination problems that further impact their daily functioning. However, little is known about the prevalence of co-occurring DCD and ADHD in the Spanish context, and research about the impact of ADHD on performance and participation in motor-based activities of daily living (ADL) is scarce. The aims of this study were to explore the prevalence of co-occurring DCD in children with ADHD, and to examine differences in performance and participation in motor-based ADL between children with ADHD and typically developing children. We conducted a case-control study including 20 children with ADHD and 40 typically developing controls randomly matched for exact age and sex (males = 80%; mean age = 8, 9 (2, 3) years). Presence of probable DCD (p-DCD) was confirmed with the Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire (DCDQ). The DCDDaily-Q was administered to assess performance and participation in ADL. A 75% prevalence of p-DCD was found in the ADHD group (OR = 27; p < 0.001). Children with ADHD showed poorer motor performance and less participation in ADL (p < 0.01; d = 0.9-1.4). These findings contribute to understand the functional consequences of ADHD in motor-based ADL and its relationship with DCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Montes-Montes
- TALIONIS Research Group, Research Centre of the Galician University System, Centre for Information and Communications Technology Research (CITIC), Universidade da Coruña, 15008 A Coruña, Spain;
| | - Laura Delgado-Lobete
- Health Integration and Promotion Research Unit (INTEGRA SAÚDE), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of A Coruña, 15011 A Coruña, Spain
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Roigé-Castellví J, Morales-Hidalgo P, Voltas N, Hernández-Martínez C, van Ginkel G, Canals J. Prenatal and perinatal factors associated with ADHD risk in schoolchildren: EPINED epidemiological study. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2021; 30:347-358. [PMID: 32242248 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-020-01519-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to assess the relationship between pre- and perinatal factors and ADHD in a sample of scholars exploring differences between ADHD presentations and spectrum of severity. A total of 6720 scholars (aged 3-4 and 10-11) participated in a double-phase epidemiologic cross-sectional study (Epidemiological Study of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, EPINED), and a sample of 646 scholars (ADHD risk, ASD risk and controls without risk) were individually assessed in the second phase of the study. The ADHD diagnosis, based on DSM-5 criteria, was performed with the Kiddie-Schedule for Affective Disorders & Schizophrenia, Present & Lifetime Version. Associations for the different ADHD presentations between prenatal, perinatal and postnatal factors and ADHD (n = 168), subclinical ADHD (n = 88) and non-ADHD (n = 310) were analysed. Logistic regression models showed that gestational diabetes (p = 0.012), instrumental delivery (p = 0.011), family history of psychopathology (p = 0.033) and maternal ADHD phenotype (p = 0.023) were associated with ADHD. These factors were related to the hyperactive-impulsive and combined presentations, but they were not related to the inattentive presentation. Maternal weight gain was associated with subclinical ADHD. In conclusion, metabolic disorder in the pregnancy, difficulties in childbirth and specific family phenotype were related to ADHD, specifically with hyperactive-impulsive presentation, but not in subclinical ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Roigé-Castellví
- Department of Psychology, Facultat de Ciències de l'Educació i Psicologia, Research Center for Behavioral Assessment (CRAMC), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Carretera de Valls, s/n, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Paula Morales-Hidalgo
- Department of Psychology, Facultat de Ciències de l'Educació i Psicologia, Research Center for Behavioral Assessment (CRAMC), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Carretera de Valls, s/n, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Núria Voltas
- Department of Psychology, Facultat de Ciències de l'Educació i Psicologia, Research Center for Behavioral Assessment (CRAMC), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Carretera de Valls, s/n, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Carmen Hernández-Martínez
- Department of Psychology, Facultat de Ciències de l'Educació i Psicologia, Research Center for Behavioral Assessment (CRAMC), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Carretera de Valls, s/n, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Georgette van Ginkel
- Department of Psychology, Facultat de Ciències de l'Educació i Psicologia, Research Center for Behavioral Assessment (CRAMC), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Carretera de Valls, s/n, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Josefa Canals
- Department of Psychology, Facultat de Ciències de l'Educació i Psicologia, Research Center for Behavioral Assessment (CRAMC), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Carretera de Valls, s/n, 43007, Tarragona, Spain.
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Pujol-Gualdo N, Sánchez-Mora C, Ramos-Quiroga JA, Ribasés M, Soler Artigas M. Integrating genomics and transcriptomics: Towards deciphering ADHD. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2021; 44:1-13. [PMID: 33495110 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2021.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a highly heritable condition that represents the most common neurodevelopmental disorder in childhood, persisting into adulthood in around 40-65% of the cases. ADHD is characterised by age-inappropriate symptoms of inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity. Mounting evidence points towards ADHD having a strong genetic component and the first genome-wide significant findings have recently been reported. However, the functional characterization of variants unravelled by genome-wide association studies (GWAS) is challenging. Likewise, gene expression profiling studies have also been undertaken and novel integrative approaches combining genomic and transcriptomic data are starting to be conducted, which offers an exciting way that might provide a more informative insight towards the genetic architecture of ADHD. In this review, we summarised current knowledge on genomics, transcriptomics and integrative approaches in ADHD, focusing on GWAS and GWAS meta-analyses (GWAS-MA)- as genomics analyses- microarray and RNA-seq- as transcriptomics analyses-, and studies integrating genomics and transcriptomics data. In addition, current strengths and limitations of such approaches are discussed and further research avenues are proposed in order to face unsolved issues. Although important progress has been made, there is still a long way ahead to elucidate the biological mechanisms of ADHD, which eventually may lead to more personalized approaches in the future. Large- scale research efforts and new technological and statistical approaches are envisaged as important means towards deciphering ADHD in the upcoming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natàlia Pujol-Gualdo
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Passeig Vall d'Hebron, 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Sánchez-Mora
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Passeig Vall d'Hebron, 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Genetics, Microbiology & Statistics, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Antoni Ramos-Quiroga
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Passeig Vall d'Hebron, 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Ribasés
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Passeig Vall d'Hebron, 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Genetics, Microbiology & Statistics, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - María Soler Artigas
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Passeig Vall d'Hebron, 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Genetics, Microbiology & Statistics, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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García Ron A, Rodriguez Mesa M, Arias Vivas E, Bote Gascon M. [The impact of methylphenidate treatment on the functional and structural properties of the left ventricle: A medium-term prospective study]. An Pediatr (Barc) 2021; 96:S1695-4033(20)30537-3. [PMID: 33551293 DOI: 10.1016/j.anpedi.2020.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although methylphenidate (MPH) used for treatment of Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are considered safe in healthy children and adolescents in the short and medium term, there is a widespread concern about long-term cardiovascular safety. MATERIAL AND METHODS Interventional, prospective, longitudinal and comparative study with a crossover design to evaluate the cardiovascular impact of the treatment with MPH in healthy children and adolescents diagnosed with ADHD. A protocol for the cardiovascular evaluation was established at a basal point, after the first and the second year of the beginning with treatment based on the monitoring of Blood pressure (BP) and echocardiographic follow-up of the systolic and diastolic functions, and structural cardiac properties. RESULTS 73 patients completed the study, with an average age of 9+/- 2.6 years, 75.3% were male and the majority were thin (64.4%). We found an increase in Systolic and Diastolic BP of 3.7±9mmHg (P).004) and 2±11,5mmHg respectively. There were no severe cardiovascular events. We didn't find any echocardiographic alterations namely on the structural properties or parameters of systolic function. Regarding diastolic function, a significant increase in the isovolumic relaxation time (IVRT) (P=.046) and deceleration time (P=.016) was observed. However, no significant alterations in the parameters related to distensibility of the LV neither in the early diastolic pressure were found. CONCLUSION Further studies are needed to evaluate the impact of psychostimulants as a modifiable long-term Cardiovascular Risk Factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián García Ron
- Unidad de Neuropediatría, Instituto del Niño y del Adolescente, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, España.
| | | | - Eva Arias Vivas
- Unidad de Neuropediatría, Instituto del Niño y del Adolescente, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, España
| | - Marta Bote Gascon
- Unidad de Neuropediatría, Instituto del Niño y del Adolescente, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, España
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Perfiles conductuales del alumnado con TDAH: Dominios y Subdominios del Cuestionario Five to Fifteen (FTF). REVISTA IBEROAMERICANA DE PSICOLOGÍA 2020. [DOI: 10.33881/2027-1786.rip.13304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
El Trastorno por Déficit de Atención con o sin Hiperactividad (TDAH) es un trastorno neurobiológico en el que se presentan una serie de síntomas o patrones de indicadores más o menos estables como hiperactividad, impulsividad y déficit de atención que se empiezan a manifestar en la infancia, solapados en muchos casos con problemas comórbidos. En este artículo se presenta un estudio empírico, realizado con una muestra de 64 alumnos entre los 5 y 15 años de edad, con diagnóstico clínico en TDAH, cursando estudios desde 3º de Educación Infantil a 4º de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria, con una M de edad 10.27 años (DT=2.76), de los cuales 51 son niños y 13 son niñas. Para el estudio se ha empleado una metodología con técnicas cuantitativas, en la que los participantes fueron evaluados mediante el Cuestionario Five to Fifteen (FTF) de Kadesjö, con un cuestionario cumplimentado por sus padres que ofrece la posibilidad de descubrir los problemas propios de un niño con TDAH y aquellos que se pueden asociar. Se aplica el software SPSS para la obtención de los resultados de los 179 ítems correspondientes a los dominios y subdominios del TDAH. Con estos resultados se pretende definir el perfil de los dominios y subdominios del TDAH a través del cuestionario FTF. Entre los resultados hallados encontramos que algunas de las características clave de los niños que presentan este trastorno son las dificultades de aprendizaje y la problemática de estos niños con la interacción social.
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Impact of ADHD symptoms on family functioning, family burden and parents’ quality of life in a hospital area in Spain. THE EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpsy.2020.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Blanco-Martínez N, Delgado-Lobete L, Montes-Montes R, Ruiz-Pérez N, Ruiz-Pérez M, Santos-del-Riego S. Participation in Everyday Activities of Children with and without Neurodevelopmental Disorders: A Cross-Sectional Study in Spain. CHILDREN-BASEL 2020; 7:children7100157. [PMID: 33019630 PMCID: PMC7600717 DOI: 10.3390/children7100157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Children with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) often report significant difficulties performing activities of daily living (ADLs), which may restrict their daily participation. The aim of this study was to investigate the differences in ADLs participation between children with NDDs and typically developing (TD) children, and to explore the associations between different daily participation contexts. A cross-sectional study was conducted that included twenty children with a medical diagnosis of an NDD and 26 sex- and age-matched TD controls. The daily participation across home, community, school, and instrumental living activities was measured using the Child and Adolescent Scale of Participation (CASP). The results show that children with NDDs engaged in lower participation in all CASP contexts (Δ = 1.7-5.5, p < 0.001) and had a significantly higher prevalence of moderate or severe restricted participation than their TD peers (OR = 23.4, 95% CI = 3.6-154.2, p < 0.001). Additionally, a strong association was found between the different contexts of participation (r = 0.642-0.856). Overall, the children with NDDs experienced significant participation restrictions on their daily activities. This study adds to the growing evidence showing that intervention strategies in this population should adopt a participation-oriented approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nerea Blanco-Martínez
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Health Integration and Promotion Research Unit (INTEGRA SAÚDE), University of A Coruña, 15011 A Coruña, Spain; (N.B.-M.); (S.S.-d.-R.)
- Faculty of Educational Sciences & Sports, University of Vigo, 36005 Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Laura Delgado-Lobete
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Health Integration and Promotion Research Unit (INTEGRA SAÚDE), University of A Coruña, 15011 A Coruña, Spain; (N.B.-M.); (S.S.-d.-R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-881-014-339
| | - Rebeca Montes-Montes
- TALIONIS Research Group, Centre for Information and Communications Technology Research (CITIC), University of A Coruña, 15008 A Coruña, Spain;
| | - Nuria Ruiz-Pérez
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Ávila, 05005 Ávila, Spain
| | - Marcos Ruiz-Pérez
- University College of Teacher Training, University of Vigo, 36214 Vigo, Spain;
| | - Sergio Santos-del-Riego
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Health Integration and Promotion Research Unit (INTEGRA SAÚDE), University of A Coruña, 15011 A Coruña, Spain; (N.B.-M.); (S.S.-d.-R.)
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Barrio Cortes J, Suárez Fernández C, Bandeira de Oliveira M, Muñoz Lagos C, Beca Martínez MT, Lozano Hernández C, del Cura González I. Chronic diseases in the paediatric population: Comorbidities and use of primary care services. An Pediatr (Barc) 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anpede.2019.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Camacho-Conde JA, Climent G. Attentional profile of adolescents with ADHD in virtual-reality dual execution tasks: A pilot study . APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY-CHILD 2020; 11:81-90. [PMID: 32400210 DOI: 10.1080/21622965.2020.1760103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that is highly prevalent in children and adolescents, with estimated prevalence ranges from 5.9 to 7.1% globally and 1 to 6.8% in Spain. This has commonly been associated with deficits in attention threads and executive functions. This paper aims to study the cognitive-executive performance of adolescents between the ages of 17 and 23 with an ADHD diagnosis, relative to a control group. The total sample consisted of 120 male participants who were given the Nesplora Aquarium test. Dual execution tasks assessed attention, response speed, and inhibition capability. When comparing the experimental and control groups, statistically significant differences were detected in processing speed, selective attention, and cognitive inhibition [general execution (T_correct_n) (p = 0.008), attention arousal (T_omission_n) (p = 0.008), and processing speed (T_correctreactime_mean) (p = 0.008)]. We demonstrate that a new virtual reality tool, designed to measure attention in people over the age of 16 years, is effective at measuring attention and working memory. In addition, item difficulty and discrimination values were also acceptable.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gema Climent
- Department of I + I+I, Nesplora Technology & Behavior, San Sebastian, Spain
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Temporal trends and geographical variability of the prevalence and incidence of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder diagnoses among children in Catalonia, Spain. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6397. [PMID: 32286454 PMCID: PMC7156473 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63342-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common behavioral disorders in childhood. According to a recent systematic review, the worldwide estimate of ADHD prevalence is 7.2% in children. This study aims to assess the prevalence of ADHD diagnoses in 2017 and the incidence of ADHD diagnoses in 2009–2017 in children living in Catalonia, Spain, as well as their temporal and geographical variability, and stratifying by sex and age. We used administrative data for all children aged 4 to 17 years who were insured in the public Catalan Health System in 2009–2017. We identified all ADHD cases diagnosed in 2009–2017 (ICD-9 code 314). We estimated the prevalence of ADHD diagnoses in 2017 and the overall annual incidence of ADHD diagnoses in 2009–2017. We used Poisson regression models to assess temporal trends in the incidence. We estimated a prevalence of ADHD diagnoses of 4.06% (95%CI 4.03, 4.10) in 2017, being 5.81% (95%CI 5.75, 5.87) for boys and 2.20% (95%CI 2.16, 2.24) for girls, the highest prevalence being in 13-to-17-year-olds (7.28% (95%CI 7.20, 7.36)). We did not observe a statistically significant increase of the incidence of ADHD diagnoses during the study period. Geographical differences were found across the healthcare areas in both prevalence and annual incidence and constant during the study period. In conclusion, the prevalence of ADHD diagnoses observed in this study was 4.06%, which was lower than the estimates reported in previous systematic reviews, but in line with the prevalence estimates from other recent European studies. The prevalence was higher in boys than girls, with a sex ratio consistent with previous studies. We did not observe an increase in the temporal trend of incidence of ADHD diagnoses in recent years, but we found geographical differences.
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Barrio Cortes J, Suárez Fernández C, Bandeira de Oliveira M, Muñoz Lagos C, Beca Martínez MT, Lozano Hernández C, Del Cura González I. [Chronic diseases in the paediatric population: Comorbidities and use of primary care services]. An Pediatr (Barc) 2020; 93:183-193. [PMID: 32178966 DOI: 10.1016/j.anpedi.2019.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adjusted morbidity groups (AMG) are being used in the stratification of chronic patients in Primary Care (PC). The aim of this study was to describe the characteristics, prevalence of comorbidities, and use of PC services by chronic paediatric patients as well as to analyse factors associated with the weight of complexity according to AMG. PATIENTS AND METHODS A cross-sectional study conducted on patients <18 years-old from a basic health area, classified as chronic according to the AMG of the Madrid Primary Care computerised clinical records. Sociodemographic and clinical-care variables were collected, as well as the use of services in PC. Univariate, bivariate and linear regression analysis were performed. RESULTS A total of 2,961 patients<18 years were included, of whom 423 (15.7%) were identified as chronic, and 408 (96.5%) were low risk patients. Their mean age was 9.5 (SD=4.7) years, and 54.1% were male. The mean of chronic diseases was 1.1 (SD=0.4) and 11.3% had multiple morbidity. The most prevalent diseases were asthma (6.1%), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (1.8%), and obesity (1.4%). The mean number of visits to the paediatrician was 4.9 (SD=6.3). Age<5 years-old (Coefficient B [CB]=2.6, 95% CI=2.1, 3.1), number of chronic diseases (CB=1.6, 95% CI=1.1; 2.1), and annual contacts with PC (CB=0.1, 95% CI=0.06; 0.11) were associated with greater complexity weight. CONCLUSIONS A significant number of patients with chronic diseases were found in the paediatric population. The most prevalent diseases were asthma, ADHD, and obesity. The use of PC services was high. The greatest complexity corresponded to nursing and pre-school age, multiple morbidity, and higher number of contacts with PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Barrio Cortes
- Programa de Doctorado en Medicina y Cirugía, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, España; Unidad de Apoyo a la Investigación, Gerencia Asistencial de Atención Primaria, Madrid, España.
| | - Carmen Suárez Fernández
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Madrid, España; Departamento de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, España
| | | | | | - María Teresa Beca Martínez
- Servicio de Medicina Preventiva, Hospital Virgen de la Salud, Complejo Hospitalario de Toledo, Toledo, España
| | - Cristina Lozano Hernández
- Unidad de Apoyo a la Investigación, Gerencia Asistencial de Atención Primaria, Madrid, España; Red de Investigación en Servicios Sanitarios en Enfermedades Crónicas (REDISSEC), Madrid, España
| | - Isabel Del Cura González
- Unidad de Apoyo a la Investigación, Gerencia Asistencial de Atención Primaria, Madrid, España; Red de Investigación en Servicios Sanitarios en Enfermedades Crónicas (REDISSEC), Madrid, España; Área de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, España
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Soriano-Ferrer M, Echegaray-Bengoa J. Incidencia de la experiencia docente con el TDAH en los conocimientos, la autoeficacia y los niveles de estrés docente. UNIVERSITAS PSYCHOLOGICA 2020. [DOI: 10.11144/javeriana.upsy18-4.iedt] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Los estudios que han comparado los conocimientos que tienen los profesores sin experiencia (PSE) y los profesores con experiencia profesional (PCE) sobre el Trastorno por Déficit de Atención e Hiperactividad (TDAH) han mostrado resultados contradictorios. Además, el papel que tiene la experiencia docente con niños con TDAH sobre los conocimientos, la autoeficacia y el estrés docente no ha sido abordado en los estudios previos. Por ello, el presente estudio pretende: a) comparar los conocimientos, las creencias erróneas y las lagunas de conocimiento de los PCE y PSE de España, acerca del TDAH; b) analizar la experiencia de los PCE con niños con TDAH y la relación con los conocimientos, la autoeficacia, y el estrés docente; c) analizar las relaciones de los conocimientos acerca del TDAH con las variables sociodemográficas. Participaron 134 PSE y 115 PCE. Cumplimentaron la Escala de Conocimientos sobre el Trastorno por Déficit de Atención con Hiperactividad (Kadds), el Índice de Estrés Docente (ITS) y un cuestionario de información sociodemográfica. Los resultados indican que los conocimientos de ambos grupos son similares, aunque los PSE obtuvieron más aciertos sobre síntomas/diagnóstico y los PCE presentaron más creencias erróneas en la escala total y sobre síntomas/diagnóstico. Los PCE que tuvieron experiencia con niños con TDAH experimentaron mayor nivel de estrés docente y mayor autoeficacia. Los conocimientos sobre el TDAH correlacionaron con las asignaturas de carrera, los cursos sobre TDAH y los años de experiencia profesional.
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Amado-Caballero P, Casaseca-de-la-Higuera P, Alberola-Lopez S, Andres-de-Llano JM, Villalobos JAL, Garmendia-Leiza JR, Alberola-Lopez C. Objective ADHD Diagnosis Using Convolutional Neural Networks Over Daily-Life Activity Records. IEEE J Biomed Health Inform 2020; 24:2690-2700. [PMID: 31905156 DOI: 10.1109/jbhi.2020.2964072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is the most common neurobehavioral disorder in children and adolescents. However, its etiology is still unknown, and this hinders the existence of reliable, fast and inexpensive standard diagnostic methods. OBJECTIVE This paper proposes an end-to-end methodology for automatic diagnosis of the combined type of ADHD. METHODS Diagnosis is based on the analysis of 24 hour-long activity records using Convolutional Neural Networks to classify spectrograms of activity windows. RESULTS We achieve up to [Formula: see text] average sensitivity, [Formula: see text] specificity and AUC values over [Formula: see text]. Overall, our figures overcome those obtained by actigraphy-based methods reported in the literature as well as others based on more expensive (and not so convenient) acquisition methods. CONCLUSION These results reinforce the idea that combining deep learning techniques together with actimetry can lead to a robust and efficient system for objective ADHD diagnosis. SIGNIFICANCE Reliance on simple activity measurements leads to an inexpensive and non-invasive objective diagn-ostic method, which can be easily implemented with daily devices.
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Sharma P, Gupta RK, Banal R, Majeed M, Kumari R, Langer B, Akhter N, Gupta C, Raina SK. Prevalence and correlates of Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD) risk factors among school children in a rural area of North India. J Family Med Prim Care 2020; 9:115-118. [PMID: 32110575 PMCID: PMC7014897 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_587_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Attention-deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders of childhood and has the potential for continuity into adolescence and adulthood. Its presence increases difficulties in academic performance and social interactions besides leading to low self-esteem. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of ADHD among children of age 6-12 years in Government schools of a rural area in Jammu district of J and K. METHODS The present study was conducted in R.S. Pura block of Jammu district. Miran Sahib zone of R.S Pura block was chosen randomly and all the government primary schools in this zone were included in the survey. The presence of ADHD was assessed using Vanderbilt ADHD diagnostic teacher rating scale. The children positive for ADHD were visited at their residential places and a personal information questionnaire (PIQ) was administered to their parents-preferably the mother. The data thus collected was presented as proportions. RESULTS ADHD prevalence was found to be 6.34% (13/205). Majority (69.3%) of the ADHD-positive children were living in a joint family and belonged to lower/lower middle class. Family history of ADHD was absent in all the ADHD-positive children. CONCLUSION The current study conducted in a rural area among 6- to 12-year-old children of Government schools has shown a reasonably high ADHD prevalence of 6.34%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawan Sharma
- Department of Community Medicine, GMC, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Rajiv K. Gupta
- Department of Community Medicine, GMC, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Rakesh Banal
- Department of Psychiatry, GMC, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Mudasir Majeed
- Department of Community Medicine, GMC, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Rashmi Kumari
- Department of Community Medicine, GMC, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Bhavna Langer
- Department of Community Medicine, GMC, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Najma Akhter
- Department of Community Medicine, GMC, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Chandini Gupta
- Department of Community Medicine, ASCOMS, Sidhra, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Sunil K. Raina
- Department of Community Medicine, Dr. RP Govt. Medical College, Tanda, Himachal Pradesh, India
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Izzo VA, Donati MA, Novello F, Maschietto D, Primi C. The Conners 3-short forms: Evaluating the adequacy of brief versions to assess ADHD symptoms and related problems. Clin Child Psychol Psychiatry 2019; 24:791-808. [PMID: 31074289 DOI: 10.1177/1359104519846602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The Conners' Rating Scales are widely used to assess attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and related difficulties in children and adolescents. A short form of the scales is available, which, along with the several advantages of brief versions, also displays good psychometric properties. Nonetheless, no studies have confirmed them in cultural contexts different from the original one. The present study examined the psychometric properties of the Self-Report, Parent, and Teacher Conners 3-Short Forms in terms of reliability and validity in an Italian sample. Analyses were performed on 591 children and adolescents, 631 parents' ratings, and 325 teachers' ratings. To test for discriminative validity, ADHD clinical samples of 55 youth, 63 parents, and 15 teachers were compared to gender- and age-matched groups. Findings confirmed the original multidimensional structures and supported the Conners 3-Short Form scales as reliable and valid tools to assess ADHD and its main comorbid conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viola Angela Izzo
- NEUROFARBA Department, Section of Psychology, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Anna Donati
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Caterina Primi
- NEUROFARBA Department, Section of Psychology, University of Florence, Italy
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San Mauro Martin I, Sanz Rojo S, Garicano Vilar E, González Cosano L, Conty de la Campa R, Blumenfeld Olivares JA. Lifestyle factors, diet and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in Spanish children - an observational study. Nutr Neurosci 2019; 24:614-623. [PMID: 31479410 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2019.1660486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Background: The aetiology of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) continues to be debated, although several contributing factors have been acknowledged.Objective: Assess the association between weight, birth attributes, exercise and sleep habits, dietary intake and adherence to a Mediterranean diet, and impulsive behaviour on Spanish ADHD children. Establish whether specific food groups (not just adherence to the Mediterranean diet) associate with impulsive behaviour.Methods: This observational cross-sectional study included 57 ADHD children from Madrid (Spain). Demographic, clinical data, sleep, exercise and technology-use habits were obtained. Anthropometric measurements included height and weight. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was assessed using the KIDMED test. Barratt Impulsivity Scale version-11c was used to assess impulsivity. Subjects were divided into three groups for analysis, according to their age (6-10 years, children; 11-13 years, pre-adolescents; 14-16 years, adolescents).Results: There were clear associations between those who had higher BIS scores and who slept less at weekends (49.4 ± 10.16 vs. 43.8 ± 12.51), who adhered poorly to the Mediterranean diet (49.9 ± 11.72 vs. 41.6 ± 16.52), who used internet and technological devices for >3 h/day (45.5 ± 13.6 vs. 44.7 ± 12.11), who were born with >2.5 kg (46.1 ± 11.61 vs. 42.9 ± 15.29), who were delivered by caesarean (45.1 ± 12.78 vs. 44.7 ± 12.5) and who were not breastfed (45.0 ± 13.38 vs. 44.8 ± 12.39). Subjects exercising more than 3 days a week also scored slightly higher (45.4±14.02 vs. 44.6±11.85) in the BIS.Conclusion: There is a need to follow up the link between ADHD and sleep onset difficulties, dietary patterns, technological habits, perinatal factors, breastfeeding and birth delivery mode.
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Catalá-López F, Ridao M, Hurtado I, Núñez-Beltrán A, Gènova-Maleras R, Alonso-Arroyo A, Tobías A, Aleixandre-Benavent R, Catalá MA, Tabarés-Seisdedos R. Prevalence and comorbidity of autism spectrum disorder in Spain: study protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Syst Rev 2019; 8:141. [PMID: 31200773 PMCID: PMC6570970 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-019-1061-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex developmental disorder characterised by impaired social interaction and communication, and restrictive and repetitive behaviour. Previous systematic reviews have traditionally assessed the prevalence of ASD on global or regional context, with very few meta-analyses at the country level. The objective of this study will be to systematically evaluate published and unpublished observational studies that present prevalence and comorbidity of ASD among children, adolescent and adult population in Spain. METHODS/DESIGN We designed and registered a study protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis of descriptive epidemiology data. Observational studies (cohort, cross-sectional) reporting the prevalence of ASD and conducted in a wide range of people (e.g. general population, outpatient and/or school settings) will be included. The primary outcome will be the prevalence of ASD. Secondary outcomes will be the prevalence of any physical or mental comorbidity in association with ASD. No limitations will be imposed on publication status, study conduct period, and language of dissemination. Comprehensive literature searches will be conducted in seven electronic databases (from January 1980 onwards), including PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, PsycINFO, IME-Spanish Medical Index and IBECS-Spanish Bibliographic Index of Health Sciences. Grey literature will be identified through searching dissertation databases, Google Scholar and conference abstracts. Two team members will independently screen all citations, full-text articles, and abstract data. Potential conflicts will be resolved through discussion. The study methodological quality (or bias) will be appraised using an appropriate tool. If feasible, we will conduct random effects meta-analysis of observational data. Prevalence estimates will be stratified according to gender, age and geographical location. Additional analyses will be conducted to explore the potential sources of heterogeneity (e.g. methodological quality, sample size, diagnostic criteria). DISCUSSION This systematic review and meta-analysis of observational data will identify, evaluate and integrate the epidemiological knowledge underlying the prevalence of ASD in Spain. The results of this study will be of interest to multiple audiences including patients, their families, caregivers, healthcare professional, scientists and policy makers. Results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal. Implications for future epidemiological research will be discussed. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42018090372.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferrán Catalá-López
- Department of Health Planning and Economics, National School of Public Health, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Valencia/INCLIVA Health Research Institute and CIBERSAM, Valencia, Spain
| | - Manuel Ridao
- Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS), Red de Investigación en Servicios de Salud en Enfermedades Crónicas (REDISSEC), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Isabel Hurtado
- Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunitat Valenciana (FISABIO-Salud Pública), Red de Investigación en Servicios de Salud en Enfermedades Crónicas (REDISSEC), Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Ricard Gènova-Maleras
- Directorate General for Public Health, Madrid Regional Health Council, Madrid, Spain
| | - Adolfo Alonso-Arroyo
- Department of History of Science and Documentation, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Information and Social and Health Research Unit (UISYS), University of Valencia and Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Aurelio Tobías
- Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael Aleixandre-Benavent
- Information and Social and Health Research Unit (UISYS), University of Valencia and Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Valencia, Spain
- Institute for Innovation and Knowledge Management (INGENIO)/Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) and Polytechnic University of Valencia (UPV), Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos
- Department of Medicine, University of Valencia/INCLIVA Health Research Institute and CIBERSAM, Valencia, Spain
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Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) among Children Aged 6 to 17 Years Old Living in Girja District, Rural Ethiopia. Behav Neurol 2019; 2019:1753580. [PMID: 31110594 PMCID: PMC6487158 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1753580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common behavioral disorders in childhood with long-term outcomes. Although ADHD is the most studied behavioral disorders of childhood in developed countries, few studies have been conducted in Ethiopia. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of ADHD in rural parts of Ethiopia. Method A cross-sectional study was conducted from May to June 2015 among children aged 6 to 17 years living in rural areas. A multistage cluster sampling technique was used to select 1302 participants. The Disruptive Behavior Disorder Rating Scale was used to collect the data. Logistic regression analysis was used to see statistically significant variables. Result The prevalence rate of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) among children was 7.3%. Being male (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) = 1.81, 95% CI: (1.13, 2.91)); living with a single parent (AOR = 5.0, 95% CI: (2.35, 10.65)); child birth order/rank (AOR = 2.35, 95% CI: (1.30, 4.25)); and low family socioeconomic status (AOR = 2.43, 95% CI: (1.29, 4.59)) were significantly associated with ADHD. Conclusion The ADHD prevalence rate was found to be similar with global reports. Prevention and early management of maternal complications is important to reduce the prevalence of ADHD among children.
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Tso W, Chan M, Ho FK, Rao N, Li AM, Chan KL, Tiwari A, Wong ICK, Wing YK, Van Voorhees B, Li SL, Goh WHS, Ip P. Early sleep deprivation and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Pediatr Res 2019; 85:449-455. [PMID: 30679794 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-019-0280-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aims to study prospectively specific sleep patterns and risk of ADHD after adjusting for potential confounders such as obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and methylphenidate use. METHODS A population-representative sample of 514 Chinese preschool children was recruited when in kindergarten (K3). Parents reported on their socioeconomic status and children's sleep duration. The cohort was reassessed 3 years later when the children were in Grade 3 (P3). Parents reported on children's sleep patterns and ADHD symptoms. Information on OSA diagnosis and methylphenidate use was retrieved from health records. RESULTS Among the 514 parent-child dyads (mean [SD] age, 5.52 [0.33] years), 411 were reassessed (80.0% retention; 9.35 [0.33] years) at follow-up. There were no significant baseline differences between follow-up and drop-out groups. A gradient relationship was observed between probable ADHD in P3 and sleep duration in K3. The risk of probable ADHD was 15.5 per 100 for children with <8 h of sleep in K3, whereas it was 1.1 per 100 for children with 11-12 h of sleep in K3. The adjusted risk ratio was 14.19 (p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS Sleep deprivation in early childhood is associated with higher risk of ADHD in middle childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winnie Tso
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, 102 Pokfulam Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Meanne Chan
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, 102 Pokfulam Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Frederick K Ho
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, 102 Pokfulam Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Nirmala Rao
- Faculty of Education, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
| | - Albert M Li
- Department of Paediatrics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, 30 Ngan Shing Street, Sha Tin, Hong Kong
| | - Ko Ling Chan
- Department of Applied Social Science, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Agnes Tiwari
- School of Nursing, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Ian C K Wong
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Yun Kwok Wing
- Department of Psychiatry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin Hospital, 33A Kung Kok Street, Ma On Shan, Hong Kong
| | - Benjamin Van Voorhees
- Department of Paediatrics, College of Medicine at Chicago, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sophia Ling Li
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, 102 Pokfulam Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Winnie H S Goh
- Division of Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, 100 Bukit Timah Road, Kallang, Singapore
| | - Patrick Ip
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, 102 Pokfulam Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
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Catalá-López F, Ridao M, Núñez-Beltrán A, Gènova-Maleras R, Alonso-Arroyo A, Aleixandre-Benavent R, Catalá MA, Tabarés-Seisdedos R. Prevalence and comorbidity of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in Spain: study protocol for extending a systematic review with updated meta-analysis of observational studies. Syst Rev 2019; 8:49. [PMID: 30744675 PMCID: PMC6371515 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-019-0967-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a childhood-onset disorder characterized by a persistent pattern of symptoms of developmentally inappropriate and impaired inattention and/or hyperactivity/impulsivity, with difficulties often continuing into adulthood. ADHD can come with other comorbid conditions. The aim of this study will be to quantify the prevalence and comorbidity of ADHD among children, adolescent, and adult population in Spain. METHODS/DESIGN We designed and registered a study protocol for an update and expansion of a systematic review and meta-analysis of pooled prevalence data. We will include cross-sectional observational studies reporting prevalence of ADHD in Spain and conducted in the general population, outpatient, and/or school settings. The primary outcome will be the prevalence of ADHD. Secondary outcomes will be the prevalence of any physical or mental comorbidity in association with ADHD. No limitations will be imposed on publication status, study conduct period, and language of dissemination. Comprehensive literature searches will be conducted in multiple electronic databases, including PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, PsycINFO, IME - Spanish Medical Index, and IBECS - Spanish Bibliographic Index of Health Sciences. We will also search Google Scholar, dissertation databases, and conference abstracts. Two team members will independently screen all citations, full-text articles, and abstract data. Potential conflicts will be resolved through discussion. The methodological quality (or risk of bias) of individual studies will be appraised using an appropriate tool. If feasible, we will conduct random effects meta-analysis. Prevalence estimates will be stratified according to gender, age, and geographical location. Additional analyses will be conducted to explore the potential sources of heterogeneity (e.g., methodological quality, sample size, diagnostic criteria). DISCUSSION This systematic review and meta-analysis of observational data will provide an updated synthesis of the prevalence and comorbidity of ADHD in Spain. This study will also examine factors that may explain potential variations in prevalence data. The findings of this study will be published in a peer-reviewed journal. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42018106082 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferrán Catalá-López
- Department of Health Planning and Economics, National School of Public Health, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Valencia/INCLIVA Health Research Institute and CIBERSAM, Valencia, Spain
- Fundación Instituto de Investigación en Servicios de Salud, Valencia, Spain
| | - Manuel Ridao
- Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS), Red de Investigación en Servicios de Salud en Enfermedades Crónicas (REDISSEC), Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Ricard Gènova-Maleras
- Directorate General for Public Health, Madrid Regional Health Council, Madrid, Spain
| | - Adolfo Alonso-Arroyo
- Department of History of Science and Documentation, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Information and Social and Health Research Unit (UISYS), University of Valencia and Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Rafael Aleixandre-Benavent
- Information and Social and Health Research Unit (UISYS), University of Valencia and Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Valencia, Spain
- Institute for Innovation and Knowledge Management (INGENIO)/Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) and Polytechnic University of Valencia (UPV), Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos
- Department of Medicine, University of Valencia/INCLIVA Health Research Institute and CIBERSAM, Valencia, Spain
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Effect of vitamin D treatment in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. World J Pediatr 2019; 15:78-84. [PMID: 30456564 DOI: 10.1007/s12519-018-0209-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this research the symptom improvement of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) of children was assessed by oral vitamin D administration in Tabriz, Iran. METHODS In this double-blind, randomized clinical trials, 96 children (2-18 years) were enrolled to placebo and vitamin D groups. Children took vitamin D pearl (50,000 IU/week) or placebo for 6 weeks. Children, who had the change in methylphenidate dosage and received any anticonvulsants and corticosteroids were excluded from the research. ADHD symptoms were diagnosed by Conners parent rating scale (CPRS) test at baseline and after intervention. ADHD Conners divided into inattention (IA), hyperactivity/impulsivity (H/I) and combination type (C) subscales. Vitamin D serum level was assessed at baseline and after 8 weeks in both groups. RESULTS The differences between CPRS and its subscales were not significant at baseline (P > 0.05). The Conners IA score was decreased in vitamin D group (P < 0.05; adjusted with age and baseline values). ADHD Conners and all subscale scores reduced remarkably after intervention in patients with insufficient level of vitamin D compared to placebo (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Oral vitamin D improved ADHD symptoms with a particular effect on inattention symptoms. In addition, symptoms related to all subscales were improved remarkably in patients with insufficient level of vitamin D. Vitamin D treatment in children with ADHD could be considered due to the expand benefit of vitamin D in body.
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Charbonnier E, Caparos S, Trémolière B. The role of mothers’ affiliate stigma and child’s symptoms on the distress of mothers with ADHD children. J Ment Health 2018; 28:282-288. [DOI: 10.1080/09638237.2018.1521944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Charbonnier
- Laboratoire de Psychologie Sociale (LPS), Aix-en-Provence, France
- Université de Nîmes, Nîmes, France
| | - Serge Caparos
- Université de Nîmes, Nîmes, France
- Laboratoire CHROME, Nîmes, France
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Rodrigo-Nicolás B, Bueno-Martínez E, Martín-Santiago A, Cañueto J, Vicente A, Torrelo A, Noguera-Morel L, Duat-Rodríguez A, Jorge-Finnigan C, Palacios-Álvarez I, García-Hernández J, Sebaratnam D, González-Sarmiento R, Hernández-Martín A. Evidence of the high prevalence of neurological disorders in nonsyndromic X-linked recessive ichthyosis: a retrospective case series. Br J Dermatol 2018; 179:933-939. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.16826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - E. Bueno-Martínez
- Molecular Medicine Unit-Department of Medicine; IBSAL and IBMCC and University Hospital of Salamanca; CSIC, University of Salamanca; Spain
| | - A. Martín-Santiago
- Department of Dermatology; Hospital Son Espases; Palma de Mallorca Spain
| | - J. Cañueto
- Department of Dermatology; Hospital Universitario de Salamanca; Salamanca Spain
| | - A. Vicente
- Department of Dermatology; Hospital Sant Joan de Deu; Barcelona Spain
| | - A. Torrelo
- Department of Dermatology; Hospital Infantil Niño Jesús; Madrid Spain
| | - L. Noguera-Morel
- Department of Dermatology; Hospital Infantil Niño Jesús; Madrid Spain
| | | | - C. Jorge-Finnigan
- Department of Dermatology; Hospital Infantil Niño Jesús; Madrid Spain
| | | | - J.L. García-Hernández
- Molecular Medicine Unit-Department of Medicine; IBSAL and IBMCC and University Hospital of Salamanca; CSIC, University of Salamanca; Spain
| | - D.F. Sebaratnam
- Department of Dermatology; Hospital Infantil Niño Jesús; Madrid Spain
| | - R. González-Sarmiento
- Molecular Medicine Unit-Department of Medicine; IBSAL and IBMCC and University Hospital of Salamanca; CSIC, University of Salamanca; Spain
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Criado-Álvarez J, González González J, Romo Barrientos C, Mohedano Moriano A, Montero Rubio J, Pérez Veiga J. Variability and trends in the consumption of drugs for treating attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in Castile-La Mancha, Spain (1992–2015). NEUROLOGÍA (ENGLISH EDITION) 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nrleng.2016.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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