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Mitra A, Verbakel JY, Kasaven LS, Tzafetas M, Grewal K, Jones B, Bennett PR, Kyrgiou M, Saso S. The menstrual cycle and the COVID-19 pandemic. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0290413. [PMID: 37819943 PMCID: PMC10566721 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impact of COVID-19 virus on menstrual cycles in unvaccinated women is limited. OBJECTIVE To investigate the prevalence of changes to menstrual cycle characteristics, hormonal symptoms and lifestyle changes prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS A retrospective online cross-sectional survey completed by social media users between July 2020 to October 2020. Participants were living in the United Kingdom (UK), premenopausal status and, or over 18 years of age. MAIN OUTCOME(S) AND MEASURES(S) The primary outcome was to assess changes to menstrual cycle characteristics during the pandemic following the Checklist for Reporting Results of Internet E-Surveys (CHERRIES). Secondary outcomes included assessment of hormonal and lifestyle changes. RESULTS 15,611 social media users completed the survey. Of which, 75% of participants experienced a change in their menstrual cycle, with significantly greater proportions reporting irregular menstrual cycles (P<0·001), bleeding duration more than seven days (P<0·001), longer mean cycle length (P<0·001) and overall bleeding duration (P<0·001). Over half the participants reported worsening of premenstrual symptoms including low mood/depression, anxiety and irritability. When stratified according to COVID-19 infection, there was no significant difference in menstrual cycle changes. CONCLUSION The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in considerable variation in menstrual cycle characteristics and hormonal symptoms. This appears to be related to societal and lifestyle changes resulting from the pandemic, rather than to the virus itself. We believe this may have an impact on the individual, as well as national economy, healthcare, and population levels, and therefore suggest this should be taken into consideration by governments, healthcare providers and employers when developing pandemic recovery plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Mitra
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Imperial College NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jan Y. Verbakel
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Lorraine S. Kasaven
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Cutrale and Perioperative Ageing Group, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Menelaos Tzafetas
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Imperial College NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Karen Grewal
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Imperial College NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin Jones
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Imperial College NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Phillip R. Bennett
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Imperial College NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Kyrgiou
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Imperial College NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Srdjan Saso
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Imperial College NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
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Mahmoodi M, Farajkhoda T, Nadjarzadeh A, Zareei Mahmoodabadi H. Online positive-oriented counseling, taking vitamin D3 tablet, online lifestyle modification training on premenstrual syndrome: a 3-armed randomized clinical trial. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16631. [PMID: 37789181 PMCID: PMC10547791 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43940-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Lack of absolute treatment for premenstrual syndrome (PMS), its cyclic nature, considerable prevalence (70-90%), and its mental and physical burden imply necessity of effectiveness comparison of various treatments. Although antidepressant and hormonal drugs are well-known medications for PMS, in affected women who can't tolerate, or don't have compatibility or compliance with these drugs, other effective treatments have always been important concern. This study aimed to compare effectiveness of online positive-oriented counseling, taking vitamin D3 tablet, and online lifestyle modification training on alleviating PMS. 3-armed parallel randomized clinical trial was performed on 84 20-40-year-old eligible women with PMS. 84 women were randomly ( www.random.org/sequenc ) allocated into three groups, but data of 77 women (1, n = 25) online positive-oriented counseling group (6 sessions), (2, n = 27) vitamin D3 tablet group (one vitamin D3 tablet weekly for 6 weeks), and (3, n = 25) online lifestyle training group (6 sessions) were analyzed. Vitamin D3 was measured at baseline, week6 and fallow up week10. Primary outcome variable PMS was measured with Premenstrual Symptoms Screening Tool (PSST) at baseline, week 6, and follow-up week 10. Primary outcome satisfaction with intervention method was measured using satisfaction scale at week 6 and follow-up week 10. ANOVA, Repeated Measures, and Paired samples t-test were used for statistical analysis. There was no statistically significant difference in PMS at baseline between three groups respectively (33 ± 5.8, 34.1 ± 7.1, & 35.2 ± 6.4, P = 0.500). However, at follow-up week 10, there was statistically significant difference between three groups (22.3 ± 4.3, 25.4 ± 6.5, & 31.8 ± 6.5; P < 0.001), with greatest improvement in online positive-oriented counseling group (P < 0.001). Satisfaction differed significantly among three groups at week 6 (51 ± 6.8, 46.4 ± 12, & 42.3 ± 6.3, P = 0.001) and follow-up week 10 (55.7 ± 11.6, 51.4 ± 12; & 43 ± 3.3, P < 0.001), with most satisfaction in positive-oriented counseling group (P < 0.001). All three interventions alleviated PMS, but online positive-oriented counseling was more effective and satisfying. Superiority of positive-oriented counseling implies mechanism of adaptation, better relationships, forgiveness, self-mood-regulation, and feasibility of its skills that could be continued individually by women after counseling completion. It is recommended health providers, health policymakers and managers support use of these interventions in treatment program and clinical guidelines.Trial registration: RCT registration number: IRCT20191231045967N1, Registration date:11/02/2020, Registration timing: prospective (IRCT | Survey the effect of vitamin D3 tablet intake, positivism group consulting with changing in life style in the treatment of premenstrual syndrome in women).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Mahmoodi
- International Campus of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Tahmineh Farajkhoda
- Reproductive Health & Clinical Psychologist, Research Center for Nursing and Midwifery Care, Non-communicable Diseases Institute, Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
| | - Azadeh Nadjarzadeh
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
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Jaholkowski P, Shadrin AA, Jangmo A, Frei E, Tesfaye M, Hindley GFL, Haram M, Rahman Z, Athanasiu L, Bakken NR, Holen B, Fominykh V, Kutrolli G, Parekh P, Parker N, Rødevand L, Birkenæs V, Djurovic S, Frei O, O’Connell KS, Smeland OB, Tesli M, Andreassen OA. Associations Between Symptoms of Premenstrual Disorders and Polygenic Liability for Major Psychiatric Disorders. JAMA Psychiatry 2023; 80:738-742. [PMID: 37163253 PMCID: PMC10173094 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2023.1137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Importance Premenstrual disorders are heritable, clinically heterogenous, with a range of affective spectrum comorbidities. It is unclear whether genetic predispositions to affective spectrum disorders or other major psychiatric disorders are associated with symptoms of premenstrual disorders. Objective To assesss whether symptoms of premenstrual disorders are associated with the genetic liability for major psychiatric disorders, as indexed by polygenic risk scores (PRSs). Design, Setting, and Participants Women from the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study were included in this genetic association study. PRSs were used to determine whether genetic liability for major depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and autism spectrum disorder were associated with the symptoms of premenstrual disorders, using the PRS for height as a somatic comparator. The sample was recruited across Norway between June 1999 and December 2008, and analyses were performed from July 1 to October 14, 2022. Main Outcomes and Measures The symptoms of premenstrual disorders were assessed at recruitment at week 15 of pregnancy with self-reported severity of depression and irritability before menstruation. Logistic regression was applied to test for the association between the presence of premenstrual disorder symptoms and the PRSs for major psychiatric disorders. Results The mean (SD) age of 56 725 women included in the study was 29.0 (4.6) years. Premenstrual disorder symptoms were present in 12 316 of 56 725 participants (21.7%). The symptoms of premenstrual disorders were associated with the PRSs for major depression (β = 0.13; 95% CI, 0.11-0.15; P = 1.21 × 10-36), bipolar disorder (β = 0.07; 95% CI, 0.05-0.09; P = 1.74 × 10-11), attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (β = 0.07; 95% CI, 0.04-0.09; P = 1.58 × 10-9), schizophrenia (β = 0.11; 95% CI, 0.09-0.13; P = 7.61 × 10-25), and autism spectrum disorder (β = 0.03; 95% CI, 0.01-0.05; P = .02) but not with the PRS for height. The findings were confirmed in a subsample of women without a history of psychiatric diagnosis. Conclusions The results of this genetic association study show that genetic liability for both affective spectrum disorder and major psychiatric disorders was associated with symptoms of premenstrual disorders, indicating that premenstrual disorders have overlapping genetic foundations with major psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Jaholkowski
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Alexey A. Shadrin
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Andreas Jangmo
- Department of Mental Disorders, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Evgeniia Frei
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Markos Tesfaye
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychiatry, St Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Guy F. L. Hindley
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marit Haram
- Department of Mental Disorders, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Zillur Rahman
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lavinia Athanasiu
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nora Refsum Bakken
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Børge Holen
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Vera Fominykh
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gleda Kutrolli
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pravesh Parekh
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nadine Parker
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Linn Rødevand
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Viktoria Birkenæs
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Srdjan Djurovic
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- NORMENT, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Oleksandr Frei
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Bioinformatics, Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kevin S. O’Connell
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Olav B. Smeland
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Martin Tesli
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Mental Disorders, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ole A. Andreassen
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Akın Ö, Erbil N. Investigation of coping behaviors and premenstrual syndrome among university students. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2023:1-11. [PMID: 37359568 PMCID: PMC9970851 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-023-04419-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to examine premenstrual syndrome (PMS) in university students and their coping behaviors. 452 female students were included in this descriptive and correlational study. The data were collected using a descriptive information form, the Premenstrual Syndrome Scale (PMSS), and the Premenstrual Change Coping Inventory (PMS-Cope). PMS symptoms were found in 80.5% of students. Seeking positive affect-inducing activities to cope with PMS was found to be a significant predictor of reducing the severity of PMS (β =-0.265, p < .001). In coping with PMS, it is necessary to consider the perceptions of taking medication, seeking social support, or seeking positive affect-inducing activities as a coping method to determine the social and cultural beliefs of university students and control PMS. PMS is a significant health problem and raising awareness of the issue alone may not be enough. It should also be noted that the severity of PMS can vary markedly between ethnic groups, and women's strategies for coping with symptoms and their effectiveness may differ between cultures. It is pivotal to develop strategies for university students to cope with PMS and provide personalized care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özlem Akın
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecologic Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University, Rize, 53100 Turkey
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecologic Nursing, Institute of Health Sciences, Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey
| | - Nülüfer Erbil
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecologic Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey
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Ciccone N, Kovacheff MB, Frey BN. The pharmacotherapeutic management of premenstrual dysphoric disorder. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2023; 24:145-151. [PMID: 35974667 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2022.2114345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is a prevalent psychiatric condition associated with substantial mental distress, impaired psychosocial functioning, high rates of co-morbid psychiatric conditions, and elevated risk of suicide. AREAS COVERED We provide an update on epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and diagnosis of PMDD, with a focus on the pharmacological management of this condition. EXPERT OPINION Given the high rates of false positives from retrospective assessments, prospective daily symptom monitoring for a minimal of two symptomatic menstrual cycles is critical to accurately confirm (or rule out) the diagnosis of PMDD. Serotonin-based antidepressants are well-established first-line treatments of PMDD. Second-line treatment includes the use of combined, monophasic oral contraceptives. In mild to moderate cases, independent meta-analyses have shown efficacy of Chasteberry extract (Vitex agnus cactus). Preliminary results with compounds blocking the synthesis of allopregnanolone are promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Ciccone
- Department of Family Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Women's Health Concerns Clinic, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maya B Kovacheff
- Mood Disorders Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Benicio N Frey
- Women's Health Concerns Clinic, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Mood Disorders Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Hou L, Chen L, Zhang W. The longitudinal predictive effect of self-reported frequency of premenstrual syndrome on depression: Findings from the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1126190. [PMID: 37033080 PMCID: PMC10076728 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1126190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies have revealed a high comorbidity between premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and depression; however, whether PMS can longitudinally predict depression has not been examined in large sample studies. Methods This study surveyed 8,133 women from the 1973-78 cohort of the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health. Participants completed seven repeated measurements at 3-year intervals starting in 2000 (aged 22-27 years). Binary logistic and multivariate ordered logistic regression models were used to examine the predictive role of self-reported frequency of PMS symptoms in 2000 on self-reported diagnosis of depression and frequency of depressive symptoms, respectively, for each follow-up survey. Results Self-reported frequency of PMS symptoms in the year 2000 predicted self-reported diagnosis of depression in most follow-up surveys. Specifically, compared to women who reported "never" had PMS symptoms in 2000, those who reported "often" had them were more likely to report a diagnosis of depression in 2006 (OR = 1.72), 2012 (OR = 1.88), 2015 (OR = 1.49), and 2018 (OR = 1.90); and those who reported "sometimes" had PMS symptoms in 2000 were more likely to report a diagnosis of depression in 2012 (OR =1.37) and 2018 (OR = 1.59). Furthermore, self-reported frequency of PMS symptoms in 2000 predicted self-reported frequency of depressive symptoms in each follow-up survey. Compared to women who reported "never" had PMS symptoms in 2000, those who reported "sometimes", or "often", had PMS symptoms reported depressive symptoms more frequently. Conclusion Self-reported frequency of PMS can predict the self-reported frequency of depressive symptoms and the subsequent diagnosis of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Hou
- Department of Psychology, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lele Chen
- School of Education Science, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Wenpei Zhang
- Department of Business Administration, School of Business, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan, China
- *Correspondence: Wenpei Zhang
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Differences in Cognitive Triad, Biased Information Processing, and Metacognitive Beliefs Between Women with Depression and Premenstrual Syndrome. Int J Cogn Ther 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s41811-022-00151-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The timing of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) suggests that hormonal fluctuations are a key component in its pathogenesis. Unfortunately, women with PMS cannot be distinguished from asymptomatic women regarding biological markers. Research suggests that increased susceptibility to hormonal changes among women with PMS may be explained by the theory of cognitive vulnerability to affective disorders. The study group comprised 127 women (aged 19–35). The participants were divided into four groups: asymptomatic, nondepressed with PMS, depressed without PMS, and both depressed and with PMS. PMS was diagnosed by prospective daily reports, and depression by SCID-IV. All participants completed the Cognitive triad inventory (CTI), Metacognitive belief questionnaire (MCQ-30), and the self-referent information processing task (SRET) randomly either in the follicular or luteal phase. Findings indicated that only the asymptomatic women differed in cognitive processing from the depressed women. Those with PMS, despite demonstrating a slightly greater intensity of distorted cognitive processing, did not differ significantly from the asymptomatic participants; however, they differed from those with depression regarding in the cognitive triad. The phase of the cycle was not a significant factor in differentiating distorted cognitive processing. Depressed women have more distorted cognitive processes than non-depressed women. Women with PMS appear to be a group that lies between asymptomatic women and those who suffer from depression. Moreover, among women with depression, those with PMS have even more severe distorted cognitive processing than those without PMS.
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Lee W, Lee S, Ahn J, Lee RS, Kang SK. Premenstrual syndrome incidence rate and risk factors among the working population in the Republic of Korea: a prospective cohort study. BMC Womens Health 2022; 22:265. [PMID: 35768813 PMCID: PMC9245281 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-022-01852-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is the most common disease of the genitourinary tract in women. Although a sizeable proportion of women have symptoms or diagnosed PMS, its etiology remains unclear. The purpose of this cohort is to offer incidence and relevant risk factors of PMS among reproductive-aged Korean female workers. Methods Cohort data used were from the National Health Insurance Service–Female Employees (from 2007 to 2015) conducted by the NHIS. A total of 121,024 female workers were analyzed to estimate the incidence and hazard ratio of PMS. PMS data was based on information obtained from medical facility visits during an eight-year follow-up. Results The incidence of PMS was 7.0% during follow-up periods. In industrial classification, human health and social work activities have the highest incidence (9.0%) of PMS. Cumulative incidence of PMS has continuously increased by approximately 1% annually for eight years. Adjusted hazard ratio with 95% confidence interval was significantly higher in the 15–19 years old age group (2.81, 95%CI 2.35–3.36), manual worker (1.06, 95%CI 1.01–1.12), with anemia (1.13, 95%CI 1.06–1.20), and underweight (1.21, 95%CI 1.10–1.25) compared to those in the reference group. Conclusion This study describes the PMS status with trend and risk factors using follow-up design among women under a middle-aged working population. Further study is warranted for better understanding on the risk factors of PMS for reproductive-aged female workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanhyung Lee
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, 21 Namdong-daero 774 beon-gil, Namdong-gu, 21565, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghyun Lee
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, 21 Namdong-daero 774 beon-gil, Namdong-gu, 21565, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Joonho Ahn
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ryoon Sun Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Kyu Kang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, 21 Namdong-daero 774 beon-gil, Namdong-gu, 21565, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
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Frey BN, Allega OR, Eltayebani M, Syan SK, Mendes-Ribeiro J, Minuzzi L. A DSM-5-based tool to monitor concurrent mood and premenstrual symptoms: the McMaster Premenstrual and Mood Symptom Scale (MAC-PMSS). BMC Womens Health 2022; 22:96. [PMID: 35354450 PMCID: PMC8969316 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-022-01678-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite high co-morbidity between premenstrual dysphoric disorder and mood disorders, there is a gap of research-based tools to monitor concurrent premenstrual and mood symptoms. In this study, we developed a new DSM-5-based questionnaire to prospectively monitor concurrent premenstrual and mood symptoms.
Methods Fifty-two females with bipolar or major depressive disorder, ages 16–45, were enrolled in the study. Participants completed two months of prospective symptom charting including the McMaster Premenstrual and Mood Symptom Scale (MAC-PMSS) and the Daily Record of Severity of Problems (DRSP). At the end of the prospective charting, participants also completed the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) and the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS). The MAC-PMSS was correlated with the DRSP, MADRS, HDRS and YMRS. Results All individual items of the MAC-PMSS correlated strongly with the individual DRSP scores (all p < 0.001). The mood section of the MAC-PMSS also significantly correlated with MADRS (r = 0.572; p < 0.01), HDRS (r = 0.555; p < 0.01) and YMRS scores (r = 0.456; p < 0.01). Conclusions The MAC-PMSS is a reliable to tool to measure concurrent mood and premenstrual symptoms in women with mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benicio N Frey
- Women's Health Concerns Clinic, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, 100 West 5th Street, Suite C124, Hamilton, ON, L8N 3K7, Canada. .,Mood Disorders Program, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, ON, Canada. .,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
| | - Olivia R Allega
- Women's Health Concerns Clinic, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, 100 West 5th Street, Suite C124, Hamilton, ON, L8N 3K7, Canada
| | - Maha Eltayebani
- Women's Health Concerns Clinic, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, 100 West 5th Street, Suite C124, Hamilton, ON, L8N 3K7, Canada.,Mood Disorders Program, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Department of Neuropsychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Sabrina K Syan
- Women's Health Concerns Clinic, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, 100 West 5th Street, Suite C124, Hamilton, ON, L8N 3K7, Canada
| | - Jeronimo Mendes-Ribeiro
- Women's Health Concerns Clinic, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, 100 West 5th Street, Suite C124, Hamilton, ON, L8N 3K7, Canada
| | - Luciano Minuzzi
- Women's Health Concerns Clinic, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, 100 West 5th Street, Suite C124, Hamilton, ON, L8N 3K7, Canada.,Mood Disorders Program, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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Yama K, Shinbo H, Fujikane Y, Mikami C, Machida M, Miura J. The Concentration of 8-Hydroxy-2′-Deoxyguanosine in Plasma During the Menstrual Cycle in Young Japanese Women. WOMEN'S HEALTH REPORTS 2022; 3:267-273. [PMID: 35262065 PMCID: PMC8896225 DOI: 10.1089/whr.2021.0067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Yama
- Department of Pharmacy, Hokkaido University of Science, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Honoka Shinbo
- Department of Pharmacy, Hokkaido University of Science, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuka Fujikane
- Department of Pharmacy, Hokkaido University of Science, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Chiaki Mikami
- Department of Pharmacy, Hokkaido University of Science, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Maiko Machida
- Department of Pharmacy, Hokkaido University of Science, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Jun Miura
- Department of Pharmacy, Hokkaido University of Science, Sapporo, Japan
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Aolymat I, Khasawneh AI, Al-Tamimi M. COVID-19-Associated Mental Health Impact on Menstrual Function Aspects: Dysmenorrhea and Premenstrual Syndrome, and Genitourinary Tract Health: A Cross Sectional Study among Jordanian Medical Students. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19031439. [PMID: 35162469 PMCID: PMC8834694 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The physiology of reproduction is affected by psychological distress through neuroendocrine pathways. Historically, COVID-19 is one of the most stressful events with devastating consequences. This research aims to investigate the relationship between dysmenorrhea, PMS, and reproductive tract health on one hand, and COVID-19-related anxiety, depression, and stress on the other among medical students in Jordan. Medical students were invited through teaching platforms and social media to complete an online survey. SPSS software was used to analyze data. A total of 385 medical students participated in this research. Hence, 49.9% of the study population reported severe dysmenorrhea during COVID-19 compared to 36.9% before COVID-19 (p = 0.000). Dysmenorrhea was significantly associated with disruptions of sport and daily activities during COVID-19 (p = 0.015 and p = 0.002, respectively). The prevalence of PMS components, e.g., mastalgia, fatigue, headache, palpitation, and emotional and sleep disturbances, was raised during COVID-19 compared with before (p < 0.05). Symptoms of genitourinary tract infections, such as lower abdominal pain, vaginal discharge, genitalia rash/ulcers and itching, and urgency, were significantly increased after COVID-19 (p < 0.05). Positive Pearson correlations between COVID-19-associated mental health disorders and dysmenorrhea severity, PMS, and genital tract health abnormalities were observed (p < 0.05). The multiple linear regression model revealed that dysmenorrhea severity, PMS symptoms like palpitation, and genitourinary symptoms like lower abdominal pain and urgency were associated with worsening of depression, while dysuria was associated with a protective effect against depression. Moreover, it was observed that dysmenorrhea severity, PMS symptoms, such as headache and palpitation, and urinary urgency were associated with aggravation of anxiety. However, food craving and dysuria were protective against anxiety. Finally, dysmenorrhea severity, PMS symptoms of headache and palpitation, lower abdominal pain, and urgency were related to worsening of stress, whereas the premenstrual symptom of breast pain was a protective factor against stress. This work showed that COVID-19 pandemic-related psychological distress and menstrual, premenstrual, and genitourinary symptoms are closely related. Further future work is required to evaluate the long lasting-effects of the pandemic on mental health and the physiology of reproduction.
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Triebner K, Markevych I, Bertelsen RJ, Sved Skottvoll B, Hustad S, Forsberg B, Franklin KA, Holm M, Lindberg E, Heinrich J, Gómez Real F, Dadvand P. Lifelong exposure to residential greenspace and the premenstrual syndrome: A population-based study of Northern European women. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 158:106975. [PMID: 34781209 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The premenstrual syndrome (PMS) causes clinically relevant psychological and physical symptoms in up to 20% of women of reproductive age. To date, no studies have investigated the relationship between PMS and residential surrounding greenspace, although a green living environment has been reported to have beneficial associations with overall and reproductive health. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether lifelong exposure to residential surrounding greenspace is associated with PMS and whether such an association is mediated by BMI, air pollution or physical activity. METHODS This study used data collected in 2013-2015 from 1069 Scandinavian women aged 18-49 years, participating in RHINESSA, a European multi-centre and population-based cohort. Satellite-derived Normalised Difference Vegetation Index was used as a proxy of greenspace. Presence of eight common PMS symptoms and their sum (PMS symptom count) were used as outcomes. The associations were assessed by adjusted multilevel logistic and negative binomial regressions. Subsequently we carried out mediation analyses for physical activity, BMI and air pollution exposure. RESULTS Higher exposure to residential surrounding greenspace was associated with "Anxiety or tension" (Odds Ratio 0.82, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.70 - 0.95), "Depression or hopelessness" (0.84, 0.73 - 0.98), "Difficulty with sleeping" (0.82, 0.68 - 1.00) and "Breast tenderness and abdominal bloating" (0.84, 0.71 - 0.99) before or around the start of the menstrual period. There was also an association with a lower PMS symptom count (Risk Ratio: 0.94, 95% CI: 0.91 - 0.99). These associations were robust to sensitivity analyses and were not mediated by BMI, physical activity or air pollution. CONCLUSIONS Living in greener areas may be beneficial against PMS symptoms. Further studies are needed to confirm these novel findings and to explore the underlying biological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Triebner
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Core Facility for Metabolomics, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Iana Markevych
- Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Randi J Bertelsen
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Oral Health Centre of Expertise in Western Norway, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Steinar Hustad
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Core Facility for Metabolomics, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Bertil Forsberg
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Karl A Franklin
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Surgery, Umea University, Umea, Sweden
| | - Mathias Holm
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Eva Lindberg
- Department of Medical Sciences, Respiratory, allergy and sleep research, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Joachim Heinrich
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Carlton, Australia; Institute and Outpatient Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Inner City Clinic, University Hospital of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Francisco Gómez Real
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Payam Dadvand
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Ciber on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
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Ahmed N, Talukdar P, Sarkar S. Premenstrual syndrome among college students and its relation to their study activities. JOURNAL OF MENTAL HEALTH AND HUMAN BEHAVIOUR 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/jmhhb.jmhhb_113_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Marwah G, McGuire A, Cooke M, Anderson D, Seib C. Feasibility of a multiple health behavior change program for premenstrual symptoms in university students: A study protocol. Eur J Integr Med 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2021.101399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Śliwerski A, Koszałkowska K. The Influence of Depression on Biased Diagnosis of Premenstrual Syndrome and Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder by the PSST Inventory. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11111278. [PMID: 34833154 PMCID: PMC8624424 DOI: 10.3390/life11111278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The diagnosis of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) poses a challenge for clinicians due to the overdiagnosis of retrospective methods and overlapping symptoms with depression. The present study utilized an Item Response Theory analysis to examine the predictive utility of the Premenstrual Symptom Screening Tool (PSST) in women with and without depression. Two hundred and fifteen women aged 20–35 completed the PSST, a daily symptom calendar, SCID-I, and CES-D for two consecutive menstrual cycles. PSST items: fatigue, depressed mood, feeling overwhelmed, anxiety/tension, and decreased interest in everyday activities were the best predictors of PMS. Unlike the daily symptom ratings, the PSST over-diagnosed PMS/PMDD in the depressed group but not in the group of women without PMS/PMDD. While diagnosing premenstrual disorders, clinicians should be aware that a retrospective diagnosis with PSST can be more sensitive to mood disorders and cycle phases than a prospective diagnosis with a daily symptoms calendar.
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Younes Y, Hallit S, Obeid S. Premenstrual dysphoric disorder and childhood maltreatment, adulthood stressful life events and depression among Lebanese university students: a structural equation modeling approach. BMC Psychiatry 2021; 21:548. [PMID: 34753455 PMCID: PMC8576788 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-021-03567-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) is a cyclic sequence of physical and behavioral symptoms that arise in the second half of the menstrual cycle. The extreme type of PMS is Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD). The current study aims at examining 1) the effects of childhood maltreatment and current life's stressful events on PMDD, and 2) the mediating role of depression in these associations among Lebanese university female students. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted between February and March 2021 during the COVID-19 pandemic. Lebanese students were recruited using a snowball technique from all national universities in Lebanon via an auto-administrated online survey. Structural equation modeling was performed to examine the structural relationship between childhood maltreatment and life's stressful events, depression and PMDD. RESULTS Higher life's stressful events (Beta = 0.18; p < 0.001), physical (Beta = 0.19; p < 0.001), sexual (Beta = 0.18; p < 0.001) and psychological (Beta = 0.33; p < 0.001) abuse were significantly associated with higher depression. Moreover, higher sexual (Beta = 0.11; p = 0.021) and psychological (Beta = 0.11; p = 0.040) abuse and higher depression (Beta = 0.37; p < 0.001) were significantly associated with higher PMDD. The indirect relationships between psychological abuse/sexual abuse, depression and PMDD showed that depression mediated the association between both psychological (Beta = 0.22; p = 0.001) and sexual (Beta = 0.38; p = 0.004) abuse and PMDD. CONCLUSION This work presents a unique analysis using the structural equation model that enlightens the effect of childhood maltreatment, particularly sexual and psychological abuse on PMMD symptoms, with depression playing the role of a mediating factor. It would be interesting to test, in future studies, whether there are other mediating factors besides depression that could be indirect indicators of PMDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yorgo Younes
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - Souheil Hallit
- Research Department, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib, Lebanon.
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon.
| | - Sahar Obeid
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon.
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Patterns of premenstrual syndrome and depression symptoms in Chinese female university students: Results of a latent profile analysis. J Affect Disord 2021; 293:64-70. [PMID: 34174472 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and depression co-occur frequently; however, their relationship remains controversial. This study was conducted primarily to discern heterogeneous patterns of such co-occurring symptoms in Chinese female university students, using a latent profile analysis (LPA), a person-centered statistical approach. METHODS The PMS Scale and Beck Depression Inventory were used to examine self-reported PMS and depression symptoms in 701 Chinese female university students. LPA, multinomial logistical regression, and analyses of variance were adopted to investigate latent profiles and their validity. RESULTS The LPA results indicated that a four-class solution characterized by low symptoms (57.2%), predominantly PMS (11.3%), predominantly depression (23.7%), and combined PMS-depression (7.8%) patterns fitted the data best. Age, first menstrual experience, and personality factors were associated with differences in nonparallel profiles characteristic of menstrual attitude. LIMITATIONS Use of self-report measures can lead to response biases; the cross-sectional design at a single time point limits the examination of changes in symptom characteristics and members within the category over time; and the specific age group limits the generalizability of results. CONCLUSION These results confirm that PMS is independent from depression, rather than a variant of depression, and can be used to resolve the controversy regarding the relationship between PMS and depression. The current findings highlight the need for identifying women at high risk for PMS and depression, and promoting interventions individually tailored to their symptom presentations.
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Clinical Characteristics of PMS Co-Morbid with MDD and Effectiveness of SSRIs in its Treatment. ACTA MEDICA BULGARICA 2020. [DOI: 10.2478/amb-2020-0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Data on the clinical characteristics of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) with co-morbid major depressive disorder (MDD) are scarce. Although selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are widely used to treat both PMS and MDD there is little information on their efficacy in PMS in patients with co-morbid MDD.
Objective: To describe the clinical picture of PMS co-morbid with current depressive episode (DE) and evaluate its dynamics under a 6-month course of SSRIs treatment.
Materials and methods: We present a longitudinal observational study, conducted in out- and inpatient conditions. Thirty-one women eligible to antidepressant treatment for a current DE in the course of MDD were evaluated for PMS and those of them suffering from both conditions were re-evaluated twice during a 6-month medication intake period.
Results: The pre-treatment clinical picture of PMS co-morbid with MDD was dominated by moderately to severely expressed mood swings, anxiety, fatigue, breast tenderness, palpitations, abdominal bloating, and headache. After six months of SSRIs intake the syndrome was characterised by nearly the same symptoms (with the addition of irritability and appetite changes) but mildly expressed.
Conclusion: Untreated PMS co-morbid with MDD is characterised by mainly moderately severe psychological and around three times less commonly – somatic symptoms. SSRIs treatment alleviate both symptom types at month three and even further, although less pronouncedly at month six.
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Majeed-Saidan MMA, AlKharraz N, Kaaki K, AlTawil N, Alenezy S, Ahamed SS. Prevalence of Premenstrual Syndrome Levels and Its Management Among Female Students of Medical and Non-Medical Colleges in Riyadh. Cureus 2020; 12:e11595. [PMID: 33240729 PMCID: PMC7681758 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.11595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The purpose of this study is to measure the prevalence of premenstrual syndrome (PMS), its management, and its possible association with depression, anxiety, and stress among female medical and non-medical students. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted at King Khalid University Hospital and King Saud University Female Campus. A self-administered questionnaire following the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) criteria was used to measure levels of PMS. It also included the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS) to measure depression, anxiety, and stress. The inclusion criteria were: females of reproductive age who had menstrual cycles for two consecutive months. Meanwhile, the exclusion criteria included gynecological or psychological problems, pregnancy, and the use of oral contraceptive pills. Of the 513 responses, 414 met the above criteria and were used in the study. An analysis was done using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS, version. 21.0, IBM Armonk, NY). To compare the mean values of quantitative variables, the student's t-test for independent samples was used. Accordingly, Pearson's correlation quantified the linear relationship between the two quantitative variables. Results The majority of female students have a moderate level of PMS, and only 8% have severe PMS. Notably, 8.9% of the students have moderate anxiety while 1.7% and 0.7% have severe and extremely severe anxiety, respectively. Moreover, 11.8% and 3.4% of the students have moderate depression and stress, respectively, whereas 1.7% have severe depression. The results show a positive correlation between PMS and anxiety, depression, and stress. Depression and stress scores vary significantly between medical and non-medical students. Conclusion Premenstrual syndrome is a prevalent issue among females, and it can negatively affect their health. There is a need to study PMS thoroughly to optimize and guide its management for further improving women's health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nourah AlKharraz
- Family and Community Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, SAU
| | | | - Noura AlTawil
- Family and Community Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Sara Alenezy
- Family and Community Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, SAU
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Akoku DA, Vukugah TA, Tihnje MA, Nzubepie IB. Oral contraceptive use and premenstrual syndrome among sexually active female university students in Cameroon. Pan Afr Med J 2020; 36:333. [PMID: 33209157 PMCID: PMC7648490 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2020.36.333.25078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a prevalent health problem affecting women of reproductive age and some young women use oral contraceptive pills (OCPs) to prevent unwanted pregnancy. However, the association between OCP use and the experience of symptoms of PMS has not been studied in Cameroon. We examined the association between the use of OCPs and PMS among female university students in Cameroon. METHODS we used data extracted from a larger study on sexual and reproductive health that was conducted between July and August 2018 among female university students at the University of Yaoundé 1, Cameroon. A pre-tested, validated and paper-based self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. We extracted data (demographic and health characteristics, contraceptive use and experience of PMS) for the 424 sexually active students who participated in the larger study. We used Poisson regression analysis to examine the association between OCP use and PMS and conducted stratified analysis to determine effect modification. The level of statistical significance was set at p≤0.05. RESULTS the median age of the 424 sexually active female university students was 23 years (IQR=21-25). About 77.8% of participants self-reported to have experienced symptoms of PMS prior to their last menstrual period. The most commonly reported symptoms of PMS were breast tenderness (55.7%), acne/pimples (39.2%) and abdominal pain (31.1%). After adjusting for confounders in multivariate analysis, we found a statistically significant relationship between the use of OCPs and experience of symptoms of PMS. Current OCP users had a slightly increased risk (PR=1.21; 95%CI, 1.09-1.32, p<0.001) of developing symptoms of PMS compared to non-pill users. We found that age modified the effect of this association. Among older students (≥25 years), the direction of the effect was strongly positive and statistically significant (APR=1.32; 95%CI, 1.12-1.56, p=0.001). CONCLUSION the proportion of female university students who reported to have experienced symptoms of PMS prior to their last menstrual period was high. The use of OCPs was positively associated with the risk of developing symptoms of PMS and this relationship was modified by age. Further studies in Cameroon and other sub-Saharan African countries are required to understand this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derick Akompab Akoku
- Health Alliance International, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | - Idris Bigweh Nzubepie
- Center for Global Health Practice and Impact-HIV Project, Georgetown University, Yaounde, Cameroon
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Meers JM, Bower JL, Alfano CA. Poor sleep and emotion dysregulation mediate the association between depressive and premenstrual symptoms in young adult women. Arch Womens Ment Health 2020; 23:351-359. [PMID: 31214782 DOI: 10.1007/s00737-019-00984-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
A large portion of reproductive-aged women report experiencing distressing premenstrual symptoms. These symptoms can be exacerbated by concurrent mood problems and contribute to long-term depressive risk. However, difficulty sleeping and regulating emotional responses are also associated with the premenstrual phase and represent additional, well-established risk factors for depression. The aim of this study was to investigate whether habitual sleep problems and emotion regulation strategies serve to mediate the relationship between mood and premenstrual symptoms in non-treatment-seeking young women. Participants included 265 adult women between the ages of 18 and 25 who provided retrospective self-reports of depressive symptoms, habitual sleep quality, and premenstrual symptoms for the past month. Trait-based difficulties in regulating emotions were also assessed. Greater depressive symptoms significantly predicted greater premenstrual symptoms and both poor sleep and ineffective emotion regulation were shown to mediate this relationship. Poor sleep may enhance experience of premenstrual symptoms via its well-established impact on physical, cognitive, and/or affective functioning. Similarly, an inability to effectively regulate emotional responses in general may exacerbate experience or perception of somatic and mood symptoms during the premenstrual period, contributing to mood disturbances and risk. Findings require replication in future studies using prospective designs and more diverse samples of women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M Meers
- Sleep and Anxiety Center of Houston, University of Houston, 4849 Calhoun Rd, Houston, TX, 77004, USA.
| | - Joanne L Bower
- Department of Psychology, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester, LE1 9BH, UK
| | - Candice A Alfano
- Sleep and Anxiety Center of Houston, University of Houston, 4849 Calhoun Rd, Houston, TX, 77004, USA
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Yama K, Asari Y, Ono A, Machida M, Miura J. Plasma Interleukin-10 Levels Are Altered in Women with Severe Premenstrual Syndrome: A Preliminary Study. WOMEN'S HEALTH REPORTS (NEW ROCHELLE, N.Y.) 2020; 1:73-79. [PMID: 33786476 PMCID: PMC7784795 DOI: 10.1089/whr.2019.0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Background: The precise pathophysiology of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is unknown, and chronic inflammation has been implicated in PMS. However, inflammatory markers, including cytokines and C-reactive protein (CRP), have not been investigated before and after menstruation in relation to PMS among the same participants. This study investigated whether the plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, and CRP are related to PMS. Methods: The study included 21 healthy Japanese women (aged 19-24 years) with a regular menstrual cycle. Inflammatory marker levels in plasma were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In addition, the level of depressiveness was assessed using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) scale. Results: Of the 21 women, 7 were considered to have moderate-to-severe PMS (PMS [+] group) and 14 were considered to have no or mild PMS (PMS [-]), and none of the participants had premenstrual dysphoric disorder. The IL-10 levels were significantly lower before than after menstruation in the PMS (-) group. The IL-10 levels before menstruation were significantly higher in the PMS (+) group than in the PMS (-) group. Other markers did not show relevant differences between the groups. The CES-D scores were higher in the PMS (+) group than in the PMS (-) group both before and after menstruation. There were positive correlations between the CES-D scores and IL-6 levels before menstruation and the CES-D scores and IL-10 levels after menstruation. Conclusions: The IL-10 levels before menstruation were higher in women with PMS than in those without PMS, and these levels might be related to PMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Yama
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University of Science, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuki Asari
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University of Science, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Aiko Ono
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University of Science, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Maiko Machida
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University of Science, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Jun Miura
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University of Science, Sapporo, Japan
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Choi SH, Hamidovic A. Association Between Smoking and Premenstrual Syndrome: A Meta-Analysis. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:575526. [PMID: 33324253 PMCID: PMC7725748 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.575526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Results of basic science studies demonstrate shared actions of endogenous neuroactive steroid hormones and drugs of abuse on neurotransmission. As such, premenstrual syndrome (PMS) may be associated with smoking, however, results from studies examining this relationship have been mixed. Following PRISMA guidelines, we extracted unique studies examining the relationship between smoking and PMS. We used the escalc () function in R to compute the log odds ratios and corresponding sampling variance for each study. We based quality assessment on the nature of PMS diagnosis and smoking estimation, confounding adjustment, participation rate, and a priori specification of target population. Our final sample included 13 studies, involving 25,828 study participants. Smoking was associated with an increased risk for PMS [OR = 1.56 (95% CI: 1.25-1.93), p < 0.0001]. Stratified by diagnosis, the effect size estimate was higher for Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD) [OR = 3.15 (95% CI: 2.20-4.52), p < 0.0001] than for PMS [OR = 1.27 (95% CI: 1.16-1.39), p < 0.0001]. We review some of the basic mechanisms for the observed association between smoking and PMS. Given nicotine's rewarding effects, increased smoking behavior may be a mechanism to alleviate affective symptoms of PMS. However, smoking may lead to worsening of PMS symptoms because nicotine has effects on neurocircuitry that increases susceptibility to environmental stressors. Indeed, prior evidence shows that the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is already sub-optimal in PMS, hence, smoking likely further deteriorates it. Combined, this complicates the clinical course for the treatment of both PMS and Tobacco Use Disorder in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Hee Choi
- College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Ajna Hamidovic
- College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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Erbil N. Prevalence of depressive symptoms among Turkish women experiencing premenstrual symptoms and correlated factors. ALEXANDRIA JOURNAL OF MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajme.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nülüfer Erbil
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ordu University, Cumhuriyet Campus, 52200 Ordu, Turkey
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Wallner B, Windhager S, Schaschl H, Nemeth M, Pflüger LS, Fieder M, Domjanić J, Millesi E, Seidler H. Sexual Attractiveness: a Comparative Approach to Morphological, Behavioral and Neurophysiological Aspects of Sexual Signaling in Women and Nonhuman Primate Females. ADAPTIVE HUMAN BEHAVIOR AND PHYSIOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40750-019-00111-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Fernández MDM, Saulyte J, Inskip HM, Takkouche B. Premenstrual syndrome and alcohol consumption: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e019490. [PMID: 29661913 PMCID: PMC5905748 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-019490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a very common disorder worldwide which carries an important economic burden. We conducted a systematic review and a meta-analysis to assess the role of alcohol in the occurrence of PMS. METHODS We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, the five regional bibliographic databases of the WHO, the Proceedings database and the Open Access Thesis and Dissertations (OATD) from inception to May 2017. We also reviewed the references of every article retrieved and established personal contact with researchers to trace further publications or reports. We did not include any language limitations. Studies were included if: (1) they presented original data from cohort, case-control or cross-sectional studies, (2) PMS was clearly defined as the outcome of interest, (3) one of the exposure factors was alcohol consumption, (4) they provided estimates of odds ratios, relative risks, or any other effect measure and their confidence intervals, or enough data to calculate them. RESULTS We identified 39 studies of which 19 were eligible. Intake of alcohol was associated with a moderate increase in the risk of PMS (OR=1.45, 95% CI: 1.17 to 1.79). Heavy drinking yielded a larger increase in the risk than any drinking (OR=1.79, 95% CI: 1.39 to 2.32). DISCUSSION Our results suggest that alcohol intake presents a moderate association with PMS risk. Future studies should avoid cross-sectional designs and focus on determining whether there is a threshold of alcohol intake under which the harmful effect on PMS is non-existent.
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Affiliation(s)
- María del Mar Fernández
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBER-ESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jurgita Saulyte
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBER-ESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Hazel M Inskip
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Bahi Takkouche
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBER-ESP), Madrid, Spain
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Maleki-Saghooni N, Karimi FZ, Behboodi Moghadam Z, Mirzaii Najmabadi K. The effectiveness and safety of Iranian herbal medicines for treatment of premenstrual syndrome: A systematic review. AVICENNA JOURNAL OF PHYTOMEDICINE 2018; 8:96-113. [PMID: 29632841 PMCID: PMC5885324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is one of the most common problems among women of reproductive age. The popularity of complementary/alternative therapies has grown in recent years, and these treatments have been more commonly used by women (48.9%) than men (37.8%). The aim of this systematic review was to assess effectiveness and safety of Iranian herbal medicines for treatment of premenstrual syndrome. METHODS PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, and Google Scholar were searched along with SID, Magiran and Irandoc up to Dec 2017.Inclusion criteria consist of Iranian, published, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) using Iranian herbal medicine for treatment of reproductive age women with PMS. Eventually Eighteen RCTs met the inclusion criteria. RESULTS Overall, studies have shown that Vitex agnuscastus, Hypericum perforatum,Matricaria chamomilla, saffron, Curcumin, Melissa officinalis, Zataria multiflora,Wheat Germ Extract, Echinophora platyloba, Foeniculum vulgare, Valerian root extract,Citrus sinensis, Zingiber officinale and Flax seed might alleviate symptoms of PMS. CONCLUSION This research demonstrated efficacy and safety of Iranian herbal medicines in alleviating PMS. Therefore, herbal medicine can be regarded as an alternative treatment for women suffering from PMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahid Maleki-Saghooni
- Student Research Committee, Department of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, Nursing and Midwifery School, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Zahra Karimi
- Department of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, Nursing and Midwifery School, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zahra Behboodi Moghadam
- Department of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, Nursing and Midwifery School, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khadigeh Mirzaii Najmabadi
- Department of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, Nursing and Midwifery School, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran,Corresponding Author:Tel: +98513859731 , Fax: +98513859731,
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Siahbazi S, Behboudi-Gandevani S, Moghaddam-Banaem L, Montazeri A. Effect of zinc sulfate supplementation on premenstrual syndrome and health-related quality of life: Clinical randomized controlled trial. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2017; 43:887-894. [DOI: 10.1111/jog.13299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shiva Siahbazi
- School of Nursing and Midwifery; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
- Department of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, Faculty of Medical Sciences; Tarbiat Modares University; Tehran Iran
| | - Samira Behboudi-Gandevani
- Reproductive Endocrinology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences; Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - Lida Moghaddam-Banaem
- Department of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, Faculty of Medical Sciences; Tarbiat Modares University; Tehran Iran
| | - Ali Montazeri
- Mental Health Research Group, Health Metrics Research Center; Iranian Institute for Health Sciences Research, ACECR; Tehran Iran
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Nedley N, Ramirez FE. Nedley Depression Hit Hypothesis: Identifying Depression and Its Causes. Am J Lifestyle Med 2016; 10:422-428. [PMID: 27885322 PMCID: PMC5103329 DOI: 10.1177/1559827614550779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Revised: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is often diagnosed using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fifth Edition (DSM-5) criteria. We propose how certain lifestyle choices and non-modifiable factors can predict the development of depression. We identified 10 cause categories (hits or “blows” to the brain) and theorize that four or more active hits could trigger a depression episode. Methods. A sample of 4271 participants from our community-based program (70% female; ages 17-94 years) was assessed at baseline and at the eighth week of the program using a custom test. Ten cause categories were examined as predictors of depression are (1) Genetic, (2)Developmental, (3)Lifestyle, (4)Circadian Rhythm, (5)Addiction, (6)Nutrition, (7)Toxic, (8)Social/Complicated Grief, (9)Medical Condition, and (10)Frontal Lobe. Results. The relationship between the DSM-5 score and a person having four hits categories in the first program week showed a sensitivity of 89.98 % (95% CI: 89.20 % - 90.73%), specificity 48.84% (CI 45.94-51.75) and Matthew Correlation Coefficient (MCC) .41 . For the eight-week test, the results showed a sensitivity 83.6% (CI 81.9-85.5), specificity 53.7% (CI 51.7-55.6) and MCC .38. Overall, the hits that improved the most from baseline after the eighth week were: Nutrition (47%), Frontal lobe (36%), Addiction (24%), Circadian rhythm (24%), Lifestyle (20%), Social (12%) and Medical (10%). Conclusions. The Nedley four-hit hypothesis seems to predict a depressive episode and correlates well with the DSM-5 criteria with good sensitivity and MCC but less specificity. Identifying these factors and applying lifestyle therapies could play an important role in the treatment of depressed individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Nedley
- Medical Director (NN), Nedley Clinic, Ardmore, Oklahoma
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Antenatal and postnatal risk factors of postpartum depression symptoms in Thai women: A case-control study. SEXUAL & REPRODUCTIVE HEALTHCARE 2016; 10:25-31. [PMID: 27938868 DOI: 10.1016/j.srhc.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the effects of different predictors on the incidence and severity of postpartum depression (PPD) symptoms in a Thai population. METHODS In this case control study we delineate the clinical, demographic and socio-economic risk factors associated with PPD symptoms. We used the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) 4-6 weeks postpartum to divide parturients into those with (n = 53) and without (n = 260) PPD using a cutoff score of 11. RESULTS This study confirms previous risk factors for PPD (i.e. a history of lifetime major depression and PPD, a history of depression during pregnancy, multi-parity, unwanted pregnancy, childcare stress, premenstrual syndrome, pain symptoms in the early puerperium), and describes new risk factors (i.e. use of caffeine during pregnancy and baby feeding problems). There are significant associations between (a) a lifetime history of major depression and depression during pregnancy, a history of postpartum depression and lifetime mania; and (b) a history of lifetime mania and a history of depression during pregnancy and a history of postpartum depression. CONCLUSIONS A history of lifetime major depression and depression during pregnancy are the most important risk factors for postnatal depression, suggesting that sensitization processes increase risk towards postpartum depression. Postpartum depression may be a subtype of unipolar depression or bipolar disorder.
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Pirdadeh Beiranvand S, Shams Beiranvand N, Behboodi Moghadam Z, Birjandi M, Azhari S, Rezaei E, Nazar Salehnia A, Beiranvand S. The effect of Crocus sativus (saffron) on the severity of premenstrual syndrome. Eur J Integr Med 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2015.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Mishra A, Banwari G, Yadav P. Premenstrual dysphoric disorder in medical students residing in hostel and its association with lifestyle factors. Ind Psychiatry J 2015; 24:150-7. [PMID: 27212819 PMCID: PMC4866342 DOI: 10.4103/0972-6748.181718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT There is scant research on premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and its more severe counterpart, premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) in Indian females. This study aimed to evaluate symptoms of PMS in medical students and to find the association of sociodemographic variables and lifestyle factors with PMDD. SUBJECTS AND METHODS A total of 179 medical students residing in the hostel of an Indian medical college and its affiliated teaching hospital were approached, of which 100 (55.8%) returned the completed questionnaires. Data related to lifestyle factors was collected. Self-screening quiz for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV-Text Revision PMDD and Shortened Premenstrual Assessment Form were used for diagnosis of PMDD and detection of symptomatology, respectively. RESULTS PMDD was present in 37% of the respondents. It was found at a higher rate in older and postgraduate students. PMDD was significantly associated with lifestyle factors, namely, sleep, physical activity, total tea/coffee intake, and change in tea/coffee and food intake under stress. The most common physical and psychological symptoms were body ache/joint pain and feeling depressed/blue, respectively. CONCLUSIONS PMDD is fairly common in Indian medical students residing in hostel although cultural factors may influence symptom expression. This study suggests that PMDD is associated with lifestyle factors in young, professional, urban women. Modification in lifestyle may thus be an important approach for management of PMS/PMDD. Prospective studies with larger representative samples are needed to validate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Girish Banwari
- Neuron Psychological Care Center, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Priyanka Yadav
- Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Balık G, Ustüner I, Kağıtcı M, Sahin FK. Is there a relationship between mood disorders and dysmenorrhea? J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2014; 27:371-4. [PMID: 25256879 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpag.2014.01.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2013] [Revised: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Menstrual problems are common among adolescent females. Mood changes are related to menstrual problems (menorrhagia, dysmenorrhea, and abnormal menstrual cycle length). The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between depressive symptoms, anxiety, and premenstrual syndrome (PMS) with dysmenorrhea in adolescent girls. METHODS A total of 159 adolescent girls (aged 13-19 y) with regular menstrual cycles presenting to the gynecology clinic with any complaints were included in the study during April-May 2013. All of the participants filled up the sociodemographic data collection form, FACES Pain Rating Scale, Beck anxiety inventory (BAI), Beck depression inventory (BDI), and a questionnaire form on criteria for PMS. Mann-Whitney U and chi-square tests were used to analyze the data. RESULTS The prevalence of dysmenorrhea was 67.9%. The mean BAI and BDI scores of the patients were 13.64 ± 12.81 and 11.88 ± 10.83, respectively. Statistically significant differences were observed between patients and control groups on the BAI and BDI scoring (P < .05). At least 1 of the symptoms of the PMS was detected in all of the participants and 29 (18.2%) of them were diagnosed as premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD). The mean BAI score of the patients with PMS and PMDD were 9.65 ± 9.28 and 21.31 ± 15.75, respectively. The mean BDI score of the patients with PMS and PMDD were 8.39 ± 8.62 and 19.1 ± 11.85, respectively. Statistically significant differences were observed between PMS/PMDD and BAI/BDI scoring (P = .00). CONCLUSION Adolescent girls with dysmenorrhea have an increased risk of depression and anxiety. These results of our study are significant in emphasizing the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to primary dysmenorrhea follow-up and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gülşah Balık
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University School of Medicine, Turkey
| | - Işık Ustüner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University School of Medicine, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Kağıtcı
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University School of Medicine, Turkey.
| | - Figen Kır Sahin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University School of Medicine, Turkey
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A DM, K S, A D, Sattar K. Epidemiology of Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Study. J Clin Diagn Res 2014; 8:106-9. [PMID: 24701496 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2014/8024.4021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) is a common health problem in women in reproductive age. The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence of PMS using meta-analysis method. METHODS This meta-analysis systematically reviewed the prevalence of PMS. A search was conducted using keywords Premenstrual Syndrome, PMS, prevalence PMS and symptom of PMS in reliable English articles. The initial search 53 articles were available. After review of full-text articles, 17 articles were selected for analysis. Data were combined using meta-analysis (random effects model). Data were analyzed using STATA software, Version 11.1 RESULTS: Overall, 17 studies met our inclusion criteria. The pooled prevalence of PMS was 47.8% (95% CI: 32.6-62.9). The lowest and highest prevalence were reported in France 12% (95% CI: 11-13) and Iran 98% (95% CI: 97-100) respectively. However, meta-regression scatter plot showed an increasing trend in the prevalence of PMS during 1996-2011 but correlation between prevalence of PMS and year of study was not significance (p= 0.797). INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONS Considering that different tools have been used in studies and many studies have been designed based on a limited sample, therefore, future research needs to consider the prevalence of PMS in different countries of world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Direkvand-Moghadam A
- PhD Student, Psychosocial Injuries Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences , Ilam, Iran
| | - Sayehmiri K
- Research Group, Psychosocial Injuries Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences , Ilam, Iran
| | - Delpisheh A
- Research Group, Psychosocial Injuries Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences , Ilam, Iran
| | - Kaikhavandi Sattar
- Research Group, Psychosocial Injuries Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences , Ilam, Iran
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Sodouri M, Masoudi Alavi N, Fathizadeh N, Taghizadeh M, Azarbad Z, Memarzadeh M. Effects of Zataria Multi-Flora, Shirazi thyme, on the Severity of Premenstrual Syndrome. Nurs Midwifery Stud 2013; 2:57-63. [PMID: 25414880 PMCID: PMC4228904 DOI: 10.5812/nms.13709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2013] [Revised: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Objectives: Materials and Methods: Results: Conclusions:
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Sodouri
- Trauma Nursing Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, IR Iran
| | - Negin Masoudi Alavi
- Trauma Nursing Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Negin Masoudi Alavi, Trauma Nursing Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Ghotb Ravandi Highway, Kashan, IR Iran. Tel.: +98-3615550021, Fax: +98-3615556633, E-mail:
| | - Nahid Fathizadeh
- Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IR Iran
| | - Mohsen Taghizadeh
- Department of Nutrition, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, IR Iran
| | - Zohreh Azarbad
- Department of Society Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, IR Iran
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Aras N, Oral E, Aydin N, Gulec M. Maternal age and number of children are risk factors for depressive disorders in non-perinatal women of reproductive age. Int J Psychiatry Clin Pract 2013; 17:298-306. [PMID: 23822181 DOI: 10.3109/13651501.2013.821493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It remains unclear whether or not the vulnerability of depression in women of reproductive age is related with pregnancy or perinatal period. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of depressive disorders and related factors in a large sample of non-perinatal women of reproductive age. METHOD This study involved 589 women of reproductive age. At baseline, sociodemographic data and premenstrual assessment forms were completed, and screening tests for the assessment of the severity of depressive symptoms were administered to all of the participants. Participants who had over scale scores of the cut-off point in the screening instruments were assessed with module A of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM Disorders (SCID-I) to determine DSM IV Axis I disorders. RESULTS The prevalence of depressive disorders was 32.8%. Depressive disorders had high rates in women who were married at younger ages and who had three or more children. Although the prevalence of depressive disorders was 32.8%, only 10.4% of the women had follow-up and treatment in a psychiatric outpatient clinic. CONCLUSION Low education levels, early maternal age, and having more than three children and higher premenstrual symptom scores were risk factors for depressive disorders in non-perinatal reproductive age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neriman Aras
- Department of Psychiatry, Trabzon Kanuni Research and Training Hospital , Trabzon , Turkey
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Craner JR, Sigmon ST, Martinson AA, McGillicuddy ML. Premenstrual disorders and rumination. J Clin Psychol 2013; 70:32-47. [PMID: 23798035 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.22007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) involve emotional, behavioral, and physical symptoms; however, there is little understanding of psychological factors that contribute to these disorders. It was hypothesized that rumination, a form of depressive self-focused attention, is related to premenstrual distress. METHOD Study 1 involved women (N = 735) meeting criteria for No/Mild PMS, Moderate/Severe PMS, and PMDD using retrospective self-report. Study 2 involved women (N = 85) meeting diagnostic criteria for PMS or PMDD (i.e., PMD group) and healthy controls (i.e., No PMD group) following 60-day symptom monitoring. Participants in both studies completed questionnaires of rumination, anxiety sensitivity, and coping styles. RESULTS Rumination was strongly related to premenstrual disorders using both retrospective and prospective reports, as well as both categorical and continuous approaches to classification of premenstrual distress. CONCLUSIONS Rumination, a transdiagnostic factor in psychopathology, may contribute to the onset and maintenance of premenstrual distress.
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Alexandrino-Silva C, Wang YP, Carmen Viana M, Bulhões RS, Martins SS, Andrade LH. Gender differences in symptomatic profiles of depression: results from the São Paulo Megacity Mental Health Survey. J Affect Disord 2013; 147:355-64. [PMID: 23246363 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2012.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Accepted: 11/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have investigated symptomatic subtypes of depression and their correlates by gender. METHODS Data are from the São Paulo Megacity Mental Health Survey. Symptom profiles of 1207 subjects (864 women; 343 men) based upon symptoms of the worst depressive episode in lifetime were examined through latent class analysis. Correlates of gender-specific latent classes were analyzed by logistic regression. RESULTS For both men and women, a 3-class model was the best solution. A mild class was found in both genders (41.1% in women; 40.1% in men). Gender differences appeared in the most symptomatic classes. In women, they were labeled melancholic (39.3%) and atypical (19.5%), differing among each other in somatic/vegetative symptoms. The melancholic class presented inhibition and eating/sleeping symptoms in the direction of decreasing, whereas the atypical class had increased appetite/weight, and hypersomnia. For men, symptoms that differentiate the two most symptomatic classes were related to psychomotor activity: a melancholic/psychomotor retarded (40.4%) and agitated depression (19.6%). The highest between-class proportion of agitation and racing thoughts was found among men in the agitated class, with similarity to bipolar mixed state. LIMITATIONS Analyses were restricted to those who endorsed questions about their worst lifetime depressive episode; the standardized assessment by lay interviewers; the small male sample size. CONCLUSIONS The construct of depression of current classifications is heterogeneous at the symptom level, where gender different subtypes can be identified. These symptom profiles have potential implications for the nosology and the therapeutics of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clóvis Alexandrino-Silva
- Section of Psychiatric Epidemiology-LIM 23, Department and Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
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Yam PS, Morrison R, Penpraze V, Westgarth C, Ward DS, Mutrie N, Hutchison P, Young D, Reilly JJ. Children, parents, and pets exercising together (CPET) randomised controlled trial: study rationale, design, and methods. BMC Public Health 2012; 12:208. [PMID: 22429665 PMCID: PMC3381690 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-12-208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2012] [Accepted: 03/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Objectively measured physical activity is low in British children, and declines as childhood progresses. Observational studies suggest that dog-walking might be a useful approach to physical activity promotion in children and adults, but there are no published public health interventions based on dog-walking with children. The Children, Parents, and Pets Exercising Together Study aims to develop and evaluate a theory driven, generalisable, family-based, dog walking intervention for 9-11 year olds. METHODS/DESIGN The Children, Parents, and Pets Exercising Together Study is an exploratory, assessor-blinded, randomised controlled trial as defined in the UK MRC Framework on the development and evaluation of complex interventions in public health. The trial will follow CONSORT guidance. Approximately 40 dog-owning families will be allocated randomly in a ratio of 1.5:1 to receive a simple behavioural intervention lasting for 10 weeks or to a 'waiting list' control group. The primary outcome is change in objectively measured child physical activity using Actigraph accelerometry. Secondary outcomes in the child, included in part to shape a future more definitive randomised controlled trial, are: total time spent sedentary and patterning of sedentary behaviour (Actigraph accelerometry); body composition and bone health from dual energy x-ray absorptiometry; body weight, height and BMI; and finally, health-related quality of life using the PedsQL. Secondary outcomes in parents and dogs are: changes in body weight; changes in Actigraph accelerometry measured physical activity and sedentary behaviour. Process evaluation will consist of assessment of simultaneous child, parent, and dog accelerometry data and brief interviews with participating families. DISCUSSION The Children, Parents, and Pets Exercising Together trial should be the first randomised controlled study to establish and evaluate an intervention aimed at dog-based physical activity promotion in families. It should advance our understanding of whether and how to use pet dogs to promote physical activity and/or to reduce sedentary behaviour in children and adults. The trial is intended to lead to a subsequent more definitive randomised controlled trial, and the work should inform future dog-based public health interventions such as secondary prevention interventions in children or adults. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ISRCTN85939423.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippa S Yam
- University of Glasgow College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, Glasgow, UK
| | - Ryan Morrison
- University of Glasgow College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, Glasgow, UK
| | - Viki Penpraze
- University of Glasgow College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, Glasgow, UK
| | - Carri Westgarth
- University of Liverpool Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Institute of Infection and Global Health, Leahurst Campus, Neston CH64 7TE, UK
| | - Dianne S Ward
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill 27599-7461, NC, USA
| | - Nanette Mutrie
- University of Strathclyde Physical Activity for Health Group, School of Psychological Sciences and Health, Glasgow G13 1PP, UK
| | - Pippa Hutchison
- University of Glasgow College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, Glasgow, UK
| | - David Young
- University of Strathclyde Dept. of Mathematics and Statistics, Livingstone Tower, Glasgow, UK
| | - John J Reilly
- University of Strathclyde Physical Activity for Health Group, School of Psychological Sciences and Health, Glasgow G13 1PP, UK
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