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Bovee LB, Hirsch IB. Should We Bury HbA1c? Diabetes Technol Ther 2024. [PMID: 38350127 DOI: 10.1089/dia.2024.0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura B Bovee
- University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Irl B Hirsch
- University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Poussin C, Titz B, Xiang Y, Baglia L, Berg R, Bornand D, Choukrallah MA, Curran T, Dijon S, Dossin E, Dulize R, Etter D, Fatarova M, Medlin LF, Haiduc A, Kishazi E, Kolli AR, Kondylis A, Kottelat E, Laszlo C, Lavrynenko O, Eb-Levadoux Y, Nury C, Peric D, Rizza M, Schneider T, Guedj E, Calvino F, Sierro N, Guy P, Ivanov NV, Picavet P, Spinelli S, Hoeng J, Peitsch MC. Blood and urine multi-omics analysis of the impact of e-vaping, smoking, and cessation: from exposome to molecular responses. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4286. [PMID: 38383592 PMCID: PMC10881465 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54474-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is a major preventable cause of morbidity and mortality. While quitting smoking is the best option, switching from cigarettes to non-combustible alternatives (NCAs) such as e-vapor products is a viable harm reduction approach for smokers who would otherwise continue to smoke. A key challenge for the clinical assessment of NCAs is that self-reported product use can be unreliable, compromising the proper evaluation of their risk reduction potential. In this cross-sectional study of 205 healthy volunteers, we combined comprehensive exposure characterization with in-depth multi-omics profiling to compare effects across four study groups: cigarette smokers (CS), e-vapor users (EV), former smokers (FS), and never smokers (NS). Multi-omics analyses included metabolomics, transcriptomics, DNA methylomics, proteomics, and lipidomics. Comparison of the molecular effects between CS and NS recapitulated several previous observations, such as increased inflammatory markers in CS. Generally, FS and EV demonstrated intermediate molecular effects between the NS and CS groups. Stratification of the FS and EV by combustion exposure markers suggested that this position on the spectrum between CS and NS was partially driven by non-compliance/dual use. Overall, this study highlights the importance of in-depth exposure characterization before biological effect characterization for any NCA assessment study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carine Poussin
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Bjoern Titz
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Yang Xiang
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
| | - Laurel Baglia
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Rachel Berg
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - David Bornand
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | | | - Timothy Curran
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Sophie Dijon
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Eric Dossin
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Remi Dulize
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Doris Etter
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Maria Fatarova
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Loyse Felber Medlin
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Adrian Haiduc
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Edina Kishazi
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Aditya R Kolli
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Athanasios Kondylis
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Emmanuel Kottelat
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Csaba Laszlo
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Oksana Lavrynenko
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Yvan Eb-Levadoux
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Catherine Nury
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Dariusz Peric
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Melissa Rizza
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Schneider
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Emmanuel Guedj
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Florian Calvino
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Sierro
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Guy
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
| | - Nikolai V Ivanov
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
| | - Patrick Picavet
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | | | - Julia Hoeng
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Manuel C Peitsch
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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Chou YH, Cheng YY, Nfor ON, Chen PH, Chen C, Chen HL, Chang BJ, Tantoh DM, Huang CN, Liaw YP. Effects of aerobic and resistance exercise on glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) concentrations in non-diabetic Taiwanese individuals based on the waist-hip ratio. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0267387. [PMID: 35511934 PMCID: PMC9071154 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) reflects the average blood sugar over the past eight to twelve weeks. Several demographic and lifestyle factors are known to affect HbA1c levels. We evaluated the association of HbA1c with aerobic and resistance exercise in non-diabetic Taiwanese adults based on the waist-hip ratio (WHR). Methods We conducted this study based on TWB data collected from 90,958 individuals between 2008 and 2019. We estimated the Beta (β) coefficient and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for HbA1c using multivariate regression models. Results Based on the multivariate analysis, lower HbA1c levels were associated with both resistance exercise (β-coefficient = -0.027, 95% CI -0.037 to -0.017) and aerobic exercise (β-coefficient = 0.018, 95% CI, -0.023 to -0.013). Higher HbA1c levels were associated with abnormal WHR compared to normal WHR (β-coefficient = 0.091, 95% CI, 0.086 to 0.096). We detected an interaction between exercise and WHR (p for interaction = 0.0181). To determine the magnitude of the interaction, we performed additional analyses (with the reference group being ’abnormal WHR with no exercise’) and observed substantial decreases in HbA1c regardless of the WHR and exercise category. However, the largest reduction occurred in the ’normal WHR and resistance exercise’ group (β = -0.121, 95% CI, -0.132 to -0.109). Conclusions We found that normal resistance exercise, coupled with a normal WHR was significantly associated with lower HbA1c levels among non-diabetic individuals in Taiwan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Hsiang Chou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Yin Cheng
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Imaging, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Oswald Ndi Nfor
- Department of Public Health and Institute of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Hsin Chen
- Department of Public Health and Institute of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Che‐Hong Chen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Hsin-Lin Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Bo-Jiun Chang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Disline Manli Tantoh
- Department of Medical Imaging, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Public Health and Institute of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Ning Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (YPL); (CNH)
| | - Yung-Po Liaw
- Department of Medical Imaging, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Public Health and Institute of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (YPL); (CNH)
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Paraoxonase 1 gene variants concerning cardiovascular mortality in conventional cigarette smokers and non-smokers treated with hemodialysis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19467. [PMID: 34593900 PMCID: PMC8484566 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98923-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoking effects might correspond with paraoxonase 1 gene (PON1) single nucleotide variants (SNVs). We investigated the association of PON1 rs705379, rs854560, and rs662 with cardiovascular mortality in hemodialysis (HD) patients concerning conventional cigarette smoking. Cardiovascular, cardiac, coronary heart disease (CHD)- and non-CHD-related deaths were analyzed in 206 HD cigarette smokers and 659 HD non-smokers. P-values were adjusted for sex, age, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Among all smokers, the rs705379 TT genotype was associated with cardiovascular (P = 0.028), cardiac (P = 0.046), and cardiac non-CHD-related (P = 0.001) mortality. Non-diabetic smokers showed similar qualitative significance to all smokers concerning mentioned death rates (P-values 0.011, 0.044, and 0.009, respectively). In diabetic non-smokers, the rs705379 T allele correlated with CHD-related deaths (P = 0.020). The rs854560 T allele was associated with lower cardiovascular mortality in non-diabetic smokers (P = 0.008). The rs854560 TT genotype showed a negative non-significant correlation with non-CHD-related cardiac death in all non-smokers (P = 0.079). In diabetic smokers, the rs662 G allele was associated with higher cardiac mortality (P = 0.005). In all non-smokers and non-diabetic non-smokers, the rs662 G correlated with cardiovascular deaths (P = 0.020 and P = 0.018, respectively). Genotyping PON1 SNVs may help argue HD smokers harboring the rs705379 TT genotype or T allele and non-smokers possessing the rs662 G allele for prevention against cardiovascular diseases. These groups are more burdened genetically for cardiovascular mortality.
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Dany F, Dewi RM, Tjandrarini DH, Pradono J, Delima D, Sariadji K, Handayani S, Kusumawardani N. Urban-rural distinction of potential determinants for prediabetes in Indonesian population aged ≥15 years: a cross-sectional analysis of Indonesian Basic Health Research 2018 among normoglycemic and prediabetic individuals. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:1509. [PMID: 33023540 PMCID: PMC7539503 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-09592-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Based on Basic Health Research (RISKESDAS) conducted by Ministry of Health, Indonesia, prediabetes prevalence tends to increase from 2007 until 2018. The numbers are relatively higher in rural than those in urban area despite of small discrepancies between the two (~ 2-4%). The purpose of this study was to identify urban-rural differences in potential determinants for prediabetes in Indonesia. METHODS This analysis used secondary data collected from nationwide Health Survey in 2018. Respondents were aged ≥15 years who met inclusion criteria of analysis with no history of diabetes mellitus. Prediabetes criteria followed American Diabetes Association 2019. Multiple logistic regression was also employed to assess the transition probability of potential determinants for prediabetes in urban and rural Indonesia. RESULTS Up to 44.8% of rural respondents were prediabetics versus their urban counterparts at 34.9%, yet non-response bias was observed in the two. Young adults aged 30 years were already at risk of prediabetes. Urban-rural distinction for marital status and triglyceride level was observed while other determinants tended to overlap across residence. Several modifiable factors might contribute differently in both population with careful interpretation. CONCLUSIONS The minimum age limit for early prediabetes screening may start from 30 years old in Indonesia. Urban-rural distinction for marital status and triglyceride level was observed, yet non-response bias between the two groups could not be excluded. A proper model for early prediabetes screening need to be developed from a cohort study with adequate sample size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frans Dany
- Centre for Research and Development of Biomedical and Basic Health Technology, National Institute of Health Research and Development (NIHRD), Ministry of Health, Jakarta Pusat, Jakarta, Indonesia.
| | - Rita Marleta Dewi
- Centre for Research and Development of Biomedical and Basic Health Technology, National Institute of Health Research and Development (NIHRD), Ministry of Health, Jakarta Pusat, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Dwi Hapsari Tjandrarini
- Centre for Research and Development of Public Health Efforts, National Institute of Health Research and Development (NIHRD), Ministry of Health, Jakarta Pusat, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Julianty Pradono
- Centre for Research and Development of Public Health Efforts, National Institute of Health Research and Development (NIHRD), Ministry of Health, Jakarta Pusat, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Delima Delima
- Centre for Research and Development of Health Resources and Services, National Institute of Health Research and Development (NIHRD), Ministry of Health, Jakarta Pusat, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Kambang Sariadji
- Centre for Research and Development of Biomedical and Basic Health Technology, National Institute of Health Research and Development (NIHRD), Ministry of Health, Jakarta Pusat, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Sarwo Handayani
- Centre for Research and Development of Biomedical and Basic Health Technology, National Institute of Health Research and Development (NIHRD), Ministry of Health, Jakarta Pusat, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Nunik Kusumawardani
- Centre for Research and Development of Public Health Efforts, National Institute of Health Research and Development (NIHRD), Ministry of Health, Jakarta Pusat, Jakarta, Indonesia
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6
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Dany F, Dewi RM, Tjandrarini DH, Pradono J, Delima D, Sariadji K, Handayani S, Kusumawardani N. Urban-rural distinction of potential determinants for prediabetes in Indonesian population aged ≥15 years: a cross-sectional analysis of Indonesian Basic Health Research 2018 among normoglycemic and prediabetic individuals. BMC Public Health 2020. [PMID: 33023540 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-09592-7/peer-review] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Based on Basic Health Research (RISKESDAS) conducted by Ministry of Health, Indonesia, prediabetes prevalence tends to increase from 2007 until 2018. The numbers are relatively higher in rural than those in urban area despite of small discrepancies between the two (~ 2-4%). The purpose of this study was to identify urban-rural differences in potential determinants for prediabetes in Indonesia. METHODS This analysis used secondary data collected from nationwide Health Survey in 2018. Respondents were aged ≥15 years who met inclusion criteria of analysis with no history of diabetes mellitus. Prediabetes criteria followed American Diabetes Association 2019. Multiple logistic regression was also employed to assess the transition probability of potential determinants for prediabetes in urban and rural Indonesia. RESULTS Up to 44.8% of rural respondents were prediabetics versus their urban counterparts at 34.9%, yet non-response bias was observed in the two. Young adults aged 30 years were already at risk of prediabetes. Urban-rural distinction for marital status and triglyceride level was observed while other determinants tended to overlap across residence. Several modifiable factors might contribute differently in both population with careful interpretation. CONCLUSIONS The minimum age limit for early prediabetes screening may start from 30 years old in Indonesia. Urban-rural distinction for marital status and triglyceride level was observed, yet non-response bias between the two groups could not be excluded. A proper model for early prediabetes screening need to be developed from a cohort study with adequate sample size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frans Dany
- Centre for Research and Development of Biomedical and Basic Health Technology, National Institute of Health Research and Development (NIHRD), Ministry of Health, Jakarta Pusat, Jakarta, Indonesia.
| | - Rita Marleta Dewi
- Centre for Research and Development of Biomedical and Basic Health Technology, National Institute of Health Research and Development (NIHRD), Ministry of Health, Jakarta Pusat, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Dwi Hapsari Tjandrarini
- Centre for Research and Development of Public Health Efforts, National Institute of Health Research and Development (NIHRD), Ministry of Health, Jakarta Pusat, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Julianty Pradono
- Centre for Research and Development of Public Health Efforts, National Institute of Health Research and Development (NIHRD), Ministry of Health, Jakarta Pusat, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Delima Delima
- Centre for Research and Development of Health Resources and Services, National Institute of Health Research and Development (NIHRD), Ministry of Health, Jakarta Pusat, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Kambang Sariadji
- Centre for Research and Development of Biomedical and Basic Health Technology, National Institute of Health Research and Development (NIHRD), Ministry of Health, Jakarta Pusat, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Sarwo Handayani
- Centre for Research and Development of Biomedical and Basic Health Technology, National Institute of Health Research and Development (NIHRD), Ministry of Health, Jakarta Pusat, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Nunik Kusumawardani
- Centre for Research and Development of Public Health Efforts, National Institute of Health Research and Development (NIHRD), Ministry of Health, Jakarta Pusat, Jakarta, Indonesia
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The Impact of Coexistence of Smoking and Diabetes on the Coronary Artery Severity and Outcomes following Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: Results from the 1 ST Jordanian PCI Registry. Int J Vasc Med 2020; 2020:7624158. [PMID: 32695516 PMCID: PMC7352136 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7624158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Diabetes mellitus (DM) and smoking are highly prevalent among Middle Eastern patients admitted with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) or who undergo percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods This study used the analysis of the data from the first Jordanian PCI registry (JoPCR1) to determine the impact of coexistence of smoking and diabetes mellitus on the coronary artery severity and outcome following percutaneous coronary intervention in Middle Eastern patients. Results Of 2426 patients enrolled, 1300 (53.6%) and 1055 (43.5%) were diabetics and smokers, respectively. The patients' age was 59.0 ± 10.1 and ranged between 24 and 95 years. Males comprised 79.4% of all patients. The patients were divided into four groups: nondiabetic-nonsmokers (22.2%), diabetic-nonsmokers (34.3%), nondiabetic-smokers (24.2%), and diabetic-smokers (19.2%). Compared with the other three groups, patients in the diabetic-nonsmoker group were older, more likely to be females, and having a higher prevalence of hypertension, dyslipidemia, chronic renal disease, and history of CVD and revascularization. Consequently, the diabetic-nonsmoker patients (but not the diabetic-smokers) had a higher prevalence of multivessel CAD and PCI than the other three groups, highlighting the importance of other risk factors (age, gender, metabolic syndrome, and comorbidities) and not only smoking in predisposing for CAD. Furthermore, those patients had a higher incidence of ACS as an indication for PCI than the stable coronary disease (73% vs 27%) and the highest CRUSADE bleeding risk score (63.9%) among other groups. The in-hospital events including in-stent thrombosis and emergency CABG events did not significantly differ among groups (p = 0.5 and 0.22). Heart failure and major bleeding events occurred significantly higher among diabetic-nonsmokers compared to other groups. In-hospital deaths occurred significantly more among diabetic-nonsmokers. Moreover, the one-month and one-year follow-up outcome events (the mortality rate, in-stent thrombosis, readmission for ACS, coronary revascularization, and major bleedings) occurred more frequently in the diabetic-nonsmoker group. However, the difference was statistically significant only for major bleeding incidences. Conclusions In this analysis of a completed prospective Middle Eastern PCI registry, the majority of the diabetic-nonsmoker (and not the diabetic-smokers) patients (73%) presented with ACS. This group was the highest at risk for in-hospital PCI complications as well as the worst in outcomes after one year of follow-up. Those patients were more likely to be older, female, and have the worst cardiovascular baseline features, highlighting the importance of other risk factors (age, gender, metabolic syndrome, and comorbidities) and not only smoking in predisposing for CAD. Thus, more sufficient education about controlling CVD risk factors should be implemented in the Middle Eastern region.
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Walsh EI, Jacka FN, Butterworth P, Anstey KJ, Cherbuin N. Midlife susceptibility to the effects of poor diet on diabetes risk. Eur J Clin Nutr 2020; 75:85-90. [PMID: 32651462 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-020-0673-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) prevalence continues to increase, and age of incidence continues to decrease. More information is needed to target interventions to the ages where they can be most effective. The objective of this study was to explore the degree to which the association between diet and T2D incidence changes through adulthood. METHODS Participants were a large number (N = 2818) of community living adults in Canberra and Queanbeyan, Australia across three cohorts; young (20-24 followed to 32-36), mid-life (40-44 followed to 52-56) and late-life (60-64 followed to 72-76). Self-report dietary pattern scores at baseline and diabetes incidence across 12 years follow-up were measured, alongside confounders of caloric intake, sex, smoking status, years of education, hypertension, BMI and physical activity. RESULTS Cox proportional hazards indicated that neither Western nor Prudent dietary pattern scores were significantly associated with T2D incidence when confounders were included in the model. Unadjusted estimates suggested a positive association between Western dietary pattern scores and subsequent diabetes incidence (HR = 1.40, 95% CI [1.18, 1.64]). Compared with the mid-life cohort, a higher Western dietary pattern score posed a lower risk for incident T2D in the young cohort (unadjusted HR = 0.46, 95% CI [0.22, 0.96]), who also had significantly lower BMI and higher physical activity. No such significant effects were found for the late-life cohort. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that mid-life may be a period of heightened vulnerability to the effects of an unhealthy diet on diabetes risk, but this effect is attenuated when risk factors related to diet, such as adiposity, are taken into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin I Walsh
- Centre for Research on Ageing, Health and Wellbeing, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia. .,PHXchange (Population Health Exchange), Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia.
| | - Felice N Jacka
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Peter Butterworth
- Centre for Research on Ageing, Health and Wellbeing, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia.,Centre for Mental Health, and Melbourne Institute of Applied Economic and Social Research, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kaarin J Anstey
- Centre for Research on Ageing, Health and Wellbeing, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia.,University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Neuroscience Research Australia (NeuRA), Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nicolas Cherbuin
- Centre for Research on Ageing, Health and Wellbeing, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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Chang CM, Cheng YC, Cho TM, Mishina EV, Del Valle-Pinero AY, van Bemmel DM, Hatsukami DK. Biomarkers of Potential Harm: Summary of an FDA-Sponsored Public Workshop. Nicotine Tob Res 2020; 21:3-13. [PMID: 29253243 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntx273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Since 2009, the United States (US) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Center for Tobacco Products (CTP) has had the authority to regulate the manufacture, distribution, and marketing of tobacco products in order to reduce the death and disease caused by tobacco use. Biomarkers could play an important role across a number of FDA regulatory activities, including assessing new and modified risk tobacco products and identifying and evaluating potential product standards. Methods On April 4-5, 2016, FDA/CTP hosted a public workshop focused on biomarkers of potential harm (BOPH) with participants from government, industry, academia, and other organizations. The workshop was divided into five sessions focused on: (1) overview of BOPH; (2) cardiovascular disease (CVD); (3) chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD); (4) cancer; and (5) new areas of research. Results and Conclusions The deliberations from the workshop noted some promising BOPH but also highlighted the lack of systematic effort to identify BOPH that would have utility and validity for evaluating tobacco products. Research areas that could further strengthen the applicability of BOPH to tobacco regulatory science include the exploration of composite biomarkers as predictors of disease risk, "omics" biomarkers, and examining biomarkers using existing cohorts, surveys, and experimental studies. Implications This paper synthesizes the main findings from the 2016 FDA-sponsored workshop focused on BOPH and highlights research areas that could further strengthen the science around BOPH and their applicability to tobacco regulatory science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy M Chang
- Office of Science, Center for Tobacco Products, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD
| | - Yu-Ching Cheng
- Office of Science, Center for Tobacco Products, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD
| | - Taehyeon M Cho
- Office of Science, Center for Tobacco Products, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD
| | - Elena V Mishina
- Office of Science, Center for Tobacco Products, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD
| | | | - Dana M van Bemmel
- Office of Science, Center for Tobacco Products, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD
| | - Dorothy K Hatsukami
- Department of Psychiatry, Tobacco Research Programs, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
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Veru-Lesmes F, Rho A, King S, Joober R, Pruessner M, Malla A, Iyer SN. Social Determinants of Health and Preclinical Glycemic Control in Newly Diagnosed First-Episode Psychosis Patients. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY. REVUE CANADIENNE DE PSYCHIATRIE 2018; 63:547-556. [PMID: 29661027 PMCID: PMC6099748 DOI: 10.1177/0706743718762097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The abnormally high incidence of disorders of glucose metabolism (DGM) in psychotic-spectrum disorders (PSD) has often been attributed to the side effects of antipsychotics and unhealthy lifestyles. The influence of social determinants of health has been largely ignored, despite ample evidence linking social adversity with both PSD and DGM. The aim of this study is to examine the influence of well-established social determinants of health on preclinical levels of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in a sample of first-episode psychosis (FEP) patients. METHODS In a sample of newly admitted FEP patients, univariate analyses were used to select the main predictors of HbA1c levels from the following social determinants of health: childhood trauma, immigrant background, visible minority status, and indices of social and material deprivation. The predictors identified in the univariate analyses were tested in multivariate linear regression models including age, sex, BMI, depression, and physical anergia (proxy of sedentary behaviour) as covariates. RESULTS Univariate analyses identified visible minority status and childhood physical abuse as predictors of HbA1c. After controlling for covariates, minority status significantly predicted higher levels of glycated hemoglobin (β = 0.23; P = 0.01), and physical abuse had a marginally significant effect (β = 0.23; P = 0.06). Other predictors were not significantly associated. CONCLUSION FEP patients from a visible minority or who were victims of childhood physical abuse have higher levels of HbA1c at admission compared with other patients. This might suggest an increase in risk for the development of future DGM. If confirmed, preventive strategies could be tailored for these groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franz Veru-Lesmes
- 1 Prevention and Early Intervention Program for Psychosis, Montreal, Quebec.,2 Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec.,3 Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec
| | - Aldanie Rho
- 1 Prevention and Early Intervention Program for Psychosis, Montreal, Quebec.,2 Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec
| | - Suzanne King
- 2 Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec.,3 Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec
| | - Ridha Joober
- 1 Prevention and Early Intervention Program for Psychosis, Montreal, Quebec.,2 Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec.,3 Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec
| | - Marita Pruessner
- 1 Prevention and Early Intervention Program for Psychosis, Montreal, Quebec.,2 Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec.,3 Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec.,4 Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Ashok Malla
- 1 Prevention and Early Intervention Program for Psychosis, Montreal, Quebec.,2 Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec.,3 Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec.,Authors contributed equally to the work
| | - Srividya N Iyer
- 1 Prevention and Early Intervention Program for Psychosis, Montreal, Quebec.,2 Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec.,3 Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec.,Authors contributed equally to the work
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Ryu H, Moon J, Jung J. Influence of Health Behaviors and Occupational Stress on Prediabetic State among Male Office Workers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15061264. [PMID: 29904033 PMCID: PMC6025255 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15061264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the influence of health behaviors and occupational stress on the prediabetic state of male office workers, and identified related risks and influencing factors. The study used a cross-sectional design and performed an integrative analysis on data from regular health checkups, health questionnaires, and a health behavior-related survey of employees of a company, using Spearman’s correlation coefficients and multiple logistic regression analysis. The results showed significant relationships of prediabetic state with health behaviors and occupational stress. Among health behaviors, a diet without vegetables and fruits (Odds Ratio (OR) = 3.74, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) = 1.93⁻7.66) was associated with a high risk of prediabetic state. In the subscales on occupational stress, organizational system in the 4th quartile (OR = 4.83, 95% CI = 2.40⁻9.70) was significantly associated with an increased likelihood of prediabetic state. To identify influencing factors of prediabetic state, the multiple logistic regression was performed using regression models. The results showed that dietary habits (β = 1.20, p = 0.002), total occupational stress score (β = 1.33, p = 0.024), and organizational system (β = 1.13, p = 0.009) were significant influencing factors. The present findings indicate that active interventions are needed at workplace for the systematic and comprehensive management of health behaviors and occupational stress that influence prediabetic state of office workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hosihn Ryu
- College of Nursing, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea.
| | - Jihyeon Moon
- College of Nursing, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea.
| | - Jiyeon Jung
- College of Nursing, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea.
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12
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Sari MI, Sari N, Darlan DM, Prasetya RJ. Cigarette Smoking and Hyperglycaemia in Diabetic Patients. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2018; 6:634-637. [PMID: 29731929 PMCID: PMC5927492 DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2018.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The incidence rate of diabetes mellitus has increased throughout the year. Various studies indicate that smoking may affect glucose metabolism and cause hyperglycemia in diabetes mellitus. This study aimed to compare the blood glucose and HbA1c level in diabetic smoking patients and non-smoking diabetic patients. METHODS: This study used the cross-sectional approach. The study population consisted of 30 diabetic smoking patients and 30 non-smoking diabetic patients. The diabetes history and the smoking status of the study population obtained by questionnaire-based interview, the blood glucose and HbA1c level were measured by hexokinase and immunoturbidimetry method using cobas 6000 analyser module c501 (Roche Diagnostics, Switzerland). RESULTS: The result in this study showed the fasting blood glucose, postprandial blood glucose, and HbA1c were higher by 23.64 mg/dl (p = 0.325), 58.00 mg/dl (p = 0.016), 0.39% (p = 0.412) in smoking diabetic patients compared to non-smoking diabetic patients. After statistical analysis, there was a significant difference (p < 0.05) of postprandial glucose level between smokers group and non-smokers group, but the non-significant difference of fasting blood glucose and HbA1c CONCLUSIONS: This study concluded that there was a significant difference in postprandial glucose level between smokers group and non-smokers group but the non-significant difference of fasting blood glucose and HbA1c.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mutiara Indah Sari
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas of Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Nisrina Sari
- Medical Education Study Program, Faculty of Medicine, Sumatera Utara Universitas, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Dewi Masyithah Darlan
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sumateras Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Raka Jati Prasetya
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sumateras Utara, Medan, Indonesia
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13
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Peck MJ, Sanders EB, Scherer G, Lüdicke F, Weitkunat R. Review of biomarkers to assess the effects of switching from cigarettes to modified risk tobacco products. Biomarkers 2018; 23:213-244. [PMID: 29297706 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2017.1419284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Context: One approach to reducing the harm caused by cigarette smoking, at both individual and population level, is to develop, assess and commercialize modified risk alternatives that adult smokers can switch to. Studies to demonstrate the exposure and risk reduction potential of such products generally involve the measuring of biomarkers, of both exposure and effect, sampled in various biological matrices.Objective: In this review, we detail the pros and cons for using several biomarkers as indicators of effects of changing from conventional cigarettes to modified risk products.Materials and methods: English language publications between 2008 and 2017 were retrieved from PubMed using the same search criteria for each of the 25 assessed biomarkers. Nine exclusion criteria were applied to exclude non-relevant publications.Results: A total of 8876 articles were retrieved (of which 7476 were excluded according to the exclusion criteria). The literature indicates that not all assessed biomarkers return to baseline levels following smoking cessation during the study periods but that nine had potential for use in medium to long-term studies.Discussion and conclusion: In clinical studies, it is important to choose biomarkers that show the biological effect of cessation within the duration of the study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Frank Lüdicke
- Research & Development, Philip Morris International, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Rolf Weitkunat
- Research & Development, Philip Morris International, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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Kim YM, Delen D. Critical assessment of health disparities across subpopulation groups through a social determinants of health perspective: The case of type 2 diabetes patients. Inform Health Soc Care 2017; 43:172-185. [PMID: 29035610 DOI: 10.1080/17538157.2017.1364244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies on diabetes have shown that population subgroups have varying rates of medical events and related procedures; however, existing studies have investigated either medical events or procedures, and hence, it is unknown whether disparities exist between medical events and procedures. PURPOSE The objective of this study is to investigate how diabetes-related medical events and procedures are different across population subgroups through a social determinants of health (SDH) perspective. METHODS Because the purpose of this manuscript is to explore whether statistically significant health disparities exist across population subgroups regarding diabetes patients' medical events and procedures, group difference test methods were employed. Diabetes patients' data were drawn from the Cerner Health Facts® data warehouse. RESULTS The study revealed systematic disparities across population subgroups regarding medical events and procedures. The most significant disparities were connected with smoking status, alcohol use, type of insurance, age, marital status, and gender. CONCLUSIONS Some population subgroups have higher rates of medical events and yet receive lower rates of treatments, and such disparities are systematic. Socially constructed behaviors and structurally discriminating public policies in part contribute to such systematic health disparities across population subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Mi Kim
- a School of Library and Information Studies , University of Oklahoma, Schusterman Center , Tulsa , OK , USA
| | - Dursun Delen
- b Center for Health Systems Innovation (CHSI), Spears School of Business , Oklahoma State University , Tulsa , OK , USA
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15
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Al-Mountashiri NA, Al-Zhrani AM, Ibrahim SFH, Mirghani HO. Dietary habits, physical activity and diabetes perception among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Tabuk City, Saudi Arabia. Electron Physician 2017; 9:5179-5184. [PMID: 29038694 PMCID: PMC5633210 DOI: 10.19082/5179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Medical nutritional therapy is an important aspect of diabetes care, there is an increasing awareness of breakfast skipping, late dinner and meal contents on diabetes control. Aim To assess dietary habits, physical activity and diabetes perception among patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods This case-control study was conducted among patients with diabetes mellitus at the diabetes center in Tabuk City, Saudi Arabia during the period from March through June 2017. One hundred patients with type 2 diabetes and 150 control subjects were interviewed to collect demographic data regarding, breakfast skipping, late dinner intake, and fruit, vegetables, sweet food, and fast food consumption. Diabetic patients’ perception of their disease was also assessed. (If diabetes is serious, it can be prevented and reversible). Data were analyzed by SPSS version 20 using Chi-square and independent-samples t-test. Results In the present study, body mass index (BMI) (p<0.001), fast food consumption (p<0.001), fruit consumption (p=0.004), and breakfast skipping (p<0.001) were higher among patients with diabetes compared to controls. No differences were found regarding the level of exercise, smoking, late dinner intake and diabetes perception. A significant statistical difference was observed between poor and accepted control regarding sweet food intake (p=0.046) and exercise (p=0.017). Conclusion Patients with type 2 diabetes had higher BMI, and were more likely to skip breakfast, consume less fast food and more fruits than control subjects. More physical activity and less sweet food consumption was observed among patients with accepted glycemic control.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hyder Othman Mirghani
- MD, Professor of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
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16
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Moore BF, Clark ML, Bachand A, Reynolds SJ, Nelson TL, Peel JL. Interactions Between Diet and Exposure to Secondhand Smoke on Glycated Hemoglobin Levels Among US Children: Results From NHANES 2007-2012. Nicotine Tob Res 2017; 19:845-851. [PMID: 27679605 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntw261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Antioxidant-rich diets may lessen the adverse metabolic responses triggered by exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS), but no studies have investigated these potential interactions. Objective To examine the interaction between diet and exposure to SHS on glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels among 2551 children, ages 12-19 years, who participated in the 2007-2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Methods Exposure to SHS was assessed by 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL), cotinine, and self-report. Weighted linear regression models evaluated the cross-sectional association between exposure to SHS and HbA1c levels. Additive interaction was assessed by introducing product terms (with SHS) of individual nutrients (dietary fiber, eicosapentaenoic acid [EPA], docosahexaenoic acid [DHA], vitamin C, and vitamin E) to separate models. Results Over half of the children had NNAL or cotinine levels above the limit of detection (56% and 71%, respectively). The median HbA1c level was 5.2% (95% confidence interval: 5.17%, 5.23%). The interaction results suggest that the effects of exposure to SHS and certain dietary nutrients (EPA, DHA, vitamin C) on HbA1c levels may not be independent. For example, although there was only a slight difference in adjusted mean HbA1c levels across NNAL categories among children with high EPA intakes, the adjusted mean HbA1c level was 0.09% higher for high NNAL as compared to low NNAL among children with low EPA intakes. Conclusions Further research is needed to inform public health strategies for limiting increases in HbA1c levels among children. Messages may need to focus both on reducing exposure to SHS and improving diets to obtain the maximum benefit. Implications Our results suggest that the effects of exposure to SHS and diet on HbA1c levels may not be independent. For example, although there was little effect of exposure to SHS on HbA1c levels among children with high EPA intakes, high exposure to SHS was associated with an increase in HbA1c levels among children with low EPA intakes. Further research is necessary; however, based on these joint effects, strategies for limiting increases in HbA1c levels that focus both on reducing exposure to SHS and improving diets may achieve the largest public health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianna F Moore
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health (CSPH), Aurora, CO
| | - Maggie L Clark
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
| | - Annette Bachand
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
| | - Stephen J Reynolds
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
| | - Tracy L Nelson
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
| | - Jennifer L Peel
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
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17
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Palma-Duran SA, Vlassopoulos A, Lean M, Govan L, Combet E. Nutritional intervention and impact of polyphenol on glycohemoglobin (HbA1c) in non-diabetic and type 2 diabetic subjects: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 57:975-986. [PMID: 25746842 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2014.973932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Polyphenols have been extensively studied for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Recently, their antiglycative actions by oxidative stress modulation have been linked to the prevention of diabetes and associated complications. This article assesses the evidence for polyphenol interventions on glycohemoglobin (HbA1c) in non-diabetic, pre-diabetic, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) subjects. A systematic review of polyphenols' clinical trials on HbA1c in humans was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Thirty-six controlled randomized trials with HbA1c values were included. Polyphenols (extracts, supplements, and foods) were supplemented (28 mg to 1.5 g) for 0.7 to 12 months. Combining all subjects (n = 1954, mean baseline HbA1c = 7.03%, 53 mmol/mol), polyphenol supplementation significantly (P < 0.001) lowered HbA1c% by -0.53 ± 0.12 units (-5.79 ± 0.13 mmol/mol). This reduction was significant (P < 0.001) in T2DM subjects, specifically (n = 1426, mean baseline HbA1c = 7.44%, 58 mmol/mol), with HbA1c% lowered by -0.21 ± 0.04 units (-2.29 ± 0.4 mmol/mol). Polyphenol supplementation had no significant effect (P > 0.21) in the non-diabetic (n = 258, mean baseline HbA1c = 5.47%, 36 mmol/mol) and the pre-diabetic subjects (n = 270, mean baseline HbA1c = 6.06%, 43 mmol/mol) strata: -0.39 ± 0.27 HbA1c% units (-4.3 ± 0.3 mmol/mol), and -0.38 ± 0.31 units (-4.2 ± 0.31 mmol/mol), respectively. In conclusion, polyphenols can successfully reduce HbA1c in T2DM without any intervention at glycemia, and could contribute to the prevention of diabetes complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana A Palma-Duran
- a Department of Human Nutrition , School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow , Glasgow , UK
| | - Antonis Vlassopoulos
- a Department of Human Nutrition , School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow , Glasgow , UK
| | - Mike Lean
- a Department of Human Nutrition , School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow , Glasgow , UK
| | - Lindsay Govan
- b Department of Public Health and Health Economics and Health Technology Assessment , University of Glasgow , Glasgow , UK
| | - Emilie Combet
- a Department of Human Nutrition , School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow , Glasgow , UK
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Meier MH, Caspi A, Cerdá M, Hancox RJ, Harrington H, Houts R, Poulton R, Ramrakha S, Thomson WM, Moffitt TE. Associations Between Cannabis Use and Physical Health Problems in Early Midlife: A Longitudinal Comparison of Persistent Cannabis vs Tobacco Users. JAMA Psychiatry 2016; 73:731-40. [PMID: 27249330 PMCID: PMC4936934 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2016.0637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE After major policy changes in the United States, policymakers, health care professionals, and the general public seek information about whether recreational cannabis use is associated with physical health problems later in life. OBJECTIVE To test associations between cannabis use over 20 years and a variety of physical health indexes at early midlife. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Participants belonged to a representative birth cohort of 1037 individuals born in Dunedin, New Zealand, in 1972 and 1973 and followed to age 38 years, with 95% retention (the Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Study). We tested whether cannabis use from ages 18 to 38 years was associated with physical health at age 38, even after controlling for tobacco use, childhood health, and childhood socioeconomic status. We also tested whether cannabis use from ages 26 to 38 years was associated with within-individual health decline using the same measures of health at both ages. EXPOSURES We assessed frequency of cannabis use and cannabis dependence at ages 18, 21, 26, 32, and 38 years. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES We obtained laboratory measures of physical health (periodontal health, lung function, systemic inflammation, and metabolic health), as well as self-reported physical health, at ages 26 and 38 years. RESULTS The 1037 study participants were 51.6% male (n = 535). Of these, 484 had ever used tobacco daily and 675 had ever used cannabis. Cannabis use was associated with poorer periodontal health at age 38 years and within-individual decline in periodontal health from ages 26 to 38 years. For example, cannabis joint-years from ages 18 to 38 years was associated with poorer periodontal health at age 38 years, even after controlling for tobacco pack-years (β = 0.12; 95% CI, 0.05-0.18; P <.001). Additionally, cannabis joint-years from ages 26 to 38 years was associated with poorer periodontal health at age 38 years, even after accounting for periodontal health at age 26 years and tobacco pack-years (β = 0.10; 95% CI, 0.05-0.16; P <.001) However, cannabis use was unrelated to other physical health problems. Unlike cannabis use, tobacco use was associated with worse lung function, systemic inflammation, and metabolic health at age 38 years, as well as within-individual decline in health from ages 26 to 38 years. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Cannabis use for up to 20 years is associated with periodontal disease but is not associated with other physical health problems in early midlife.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Avshalom Caspi
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA,Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, UK
| | - Magdalena Cerdá
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Violence Prevention Research Program, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Robert J. Hancox
- Department of Prevention and Social Medicine, Dunedin School of Medicine, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - HonaLee Harrington
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Renate Houts
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Richie Poulton
- Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Research Unit, Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Sandhya Ramrakha
- Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Research Unit, Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - W. Murray Thomson
- Department of Oral Sciences, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, School of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Terrie E. Moffitt
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA,Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, UK
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Endoh K, Kuriki K, Kasezawa N, Tohyama K, Goda T. Association between Smoking Status and Food and Nutrient Consumption in Japanese: a Large-Scale Cross-Sectional Study. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 16:6527-34. [PMID: 26434869 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.15.6527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Japan, in comparison with the rest of the world the death rate of lung cancer is low although the smoking rate is relatively high. This is the so-called "Japanese smoking paradox". A healthy diet is proposed to attenuate the risk without quitting smoking. We here examined the relationships between smoking status (SS) and the consumption of food and nutrient in Japan. MATERIALS AND METHODS Totals of 5,587 men and 2,718 women were divided into three (non-smokers, smokers and heavy smokers) and two (non-smokers and smokers) groups, respectively, according to pack-year, which represents the amount of smoking over a long period. Food and nutrient consumption was estimated with a validated food frequency questionnaire. Using general linear models, food and nutrient consumption was estimated for each group in men and women, separately. RESULTS In men, SS was positively related to consumption of rice, 3 alcoholic beverages, carbohydrate, alcohol and other 8 foods/nutrients (p<0.05 for all) and negatively to those of protein animal, fat, fatty acids, dietary fiber, isoflavones and 36 other foods/nutrients (p<0.05 for all). In women, SS was positively associated with intake of 13 foods/nutrients, while being negatively associated with those of rice, energy, dietary fiber, and 14 other foods/nutrients (p<0.05 for all). CONCLUSIONS Our results support lower intake of vegetables and fruits rich in antioxidants, which are thought as preventive factors for many diseases, in smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Endoh
- Laboratory of Public Health, Division of Nutritional Sciences, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka City, Japan E-mail :
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20
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Steffens JP, Wang X, Starr JR, Spolidorio LC, Van Dyke TE, Kantarci A. Associations Between Sex Hormone Levels and Periodontitis in Men: Results From NHANES III. J Periodontol 2015; 86:1116-25. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2015.140530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Hong JW, Ku CR, Noh JH, Ko KS, Rhee BD, Kim DJ. Association between Self-Reported Smoking and Hemoglobin A1c in a Korean Population without Diabetes: The 2011-2012 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0126746. [PMID: 26011526 PMCID: PMC4444290 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Several Western studies have revealed that among non-diabetics, glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels are higher in smokers than non-smokers. While studies conducted in Western populations consistently support this association, a recent meta-analysis reported that studies carried out in non-Western populations, including studies of Chinese, Egyptian, and Japanese-Americans, did not detect any significant differences in HbA1c levels between smokers and non-smokers. Objectives We assessed the association between smoking habits and HbA1c levels in the general Korean adult population using data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) performed in 2011–2012. Methods A total of 10,241 participants (weighted n=33,946,561 including 16,769,320 men and 17,177,241 women) without diabetes were divided into four categories according to their smoking habits: never smokers (unweighted n/ weighted n= 6,349/19,105,564), ex-smokers (unweighted n/ weighted n= 1,912/6,207,144), current light smokers (<15 cigarettes per day, unweighted n/ weighted n=1,205/5,130,073), and current heavy smokers (≥15 cigarettes per day, unweighted n/ weighted n=775/3,503,781). Results In age- and gender-adjusted comparisons, the HbA1c levels of each group were 5.52 ± 0.01% in non-smokers, 5.49 ± 0.01% in ex-smokers, 5.53 ± 0.01% in light smokers, and 5.61 ± 0.02% in heavy smokers. HbA1c levels were significantly higher in light smokers than in ex-smokers (p = 0.033), and in heavy smokers compared with light smokers (p < 0.001). The significant differences remained after adjusting for age, gender, fasting plasma glucose, heavy alcohol drinking, hematocrit, college graduation, and waist circumference. Linear regression analyses for HbA1c using the above-mentioned variables as covariates revealed that a significant association between current smoking and HbA1c (coefficient 0.021, 95% CI 0.003–0.039, p = 0.019). Conclusions Current smoking was independently associated with higher HbA1c levels in a cigarette exposure-dependent manner in a representative population of Korean non-diabetic adults. In this study, we have observed an association between smoking status and HbA1c levels in non-diabetics drawn from a non-Western population, consistent with previous findings in Western populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Won Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ilsan-Paik Hospital, College of Medicine, Inje University, Koyang, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Cheol Ryong Ku
- Endocrinology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung Hyun Noh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ilsan-Paik Hospital, College of Medicine, Inje University, Koyang, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Kyung Soo Ko
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sanggye Paik Hospital, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, College of Medicine, Inje University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung Doo Rhee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sanggye Paik Hospital, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, College of Medicine, Inje University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Jun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ilsan-Paik Hospital, College of Medicine, Inje University, Koyang, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
- * E-mail:
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22
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Díaz-Redondo A, Giráldez-García C, Carrillo L, Serrano R, García-Soidán FJ, Artola S, Franch J, Díez J, Ezkurra P, Millaruelo JM, Seguí M, Sangrós J, Martínez-Candela J, Muñoz P, Goday A, Regidor E. Modifiable risk factors associated with prediabetes in men and women: a cross-sectional analysis of the cohort study in primary health care on the evolution of patients with prediabetes (PREDAPS-Study). BMC FAMILY PRACTICE 2015; 16:5. [PMID: 25609029 PMCID: PMC4316391 DOI: 10.1186/s12875-014-0216-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Prediabetes is a high-risk state for diabetes development, but little is known about the factors associated with this state. The aim of the study was to identify modifiable risk factors associated with the presence of prediabetes in men and women. Methods Cohort Study in Primary Health Care on the Evolution of Patients with Prediabetes (PREDAPS-Study) is a prospective study on a cohort of 1184 subjects with prediabetes and another cohort of 838 subjects without glucose metabolism disorders. It is being conducted by 125 general practitioners in Spain. Data for this analysis were collected during the baseline stage in 2012. The modifiable risk factors included were: smoking habit, alcohol consumption, low physical activity, inadequate diet, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and obesity. To assess independent association between each factor and prediabetes, odds ratios (ORs) were estimated using logistic regression models. Results Abdominal obesity, low plasma levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-cholesterol), and hypertension were independently associated with the presence of prediabetes in both men and women. After adjusting for all factors, the respective ORs (95% Confidence Intervals) were 1.98 (1.41-2.79), 1.88 (1.23-2.88) and 1.86 (1.39-2.51) for men, and 1.89 (1.36-2.62), 1.58 (1.12-2.23) and 1.44 (1.07-1.92) for women. Also, general obesity was a risk factor in both sexes but did not reach statistical significance among men, after adjusting for all factors. Risky alcohol consumption was a risk factor for prediabetes in men, OR 1.49 (1.00-2.24). Conclusions Obesity, low HDL-cholesterol levels, and hypertension were modifiable risk factors independently related to the presence of prediabetes in both sexes. The magnitudes of the associations were stronger for men than women. Abdominal obesity in both men and women displayed the strongest association with prediabetes. The findings suggest that there are some differences between men and women, which should be taken into account when implementing specific recommendations to prevent or delay the onset of diabetes in adult population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Díaz-Redondo
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Carolina Giráldez-García
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Public Health (History of Science), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Lourdes Carrillo
- La Victoria de Acentejo Health Centre, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mateu Seguí
- Es Castell Basic Health Unit, Islas Baleares, Spain.
| | | | | | - Pedro Muñoz
- Family & Community Medicine Teaching Unit, Cantabria, Spain.
| | - Albert Goday
- Endocrinology & Nutrition Department, Del Mar Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Enrique Regidor
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Public Health (History of Science), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. .,Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.
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23
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Nutritional intervention and impact of polyphenol on glycohaemoglobin in type 2 diabetic subjects: systematic review and meta-analysis. Proc Nutr Soc 2015. [DOI: 10.1017/s0029665115001913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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24
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Oxidative stress, protein glycation and nutrition--interactions relevant to health and disease throughout the lifecycle. Proc Nutr Soc 2014; 73:430-8. [PMID: 24877772 DOI: 10.1017/s0029665114000603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Protein glycation has been studied for over a century now and plays an important role in disease pathogenesis throughout the lifecycle. Strongly related to diabetic complications, glycation of Hb has become the gold standard method for diabetes diagnosis and monitoring. It is however attracting attention in normoglycaemia as well lately. Longitudinal studies increasingly suggest a positive relationship between glycation and the risk of chronic diseases in normoglycaemic individuals, but the mechanisms behind this association remain unclear. The interaction between glycation and oxidative stress may be particularly relevant in the normoglycaemic context, as suggested by recent epidemiological and in vitro evidence. In that context nutritional and lifestyle factors with an influence on redox status, such as smoking, fruit and vegetable and antioxidants consumption, may have the capacity to promote or inhibit glycation. However, experimental data from controlled trials are lacking the quality and rigour needed to reach firm conclusions. In the present review, we discuss the importance of glycation for health through the lifecycle and focus on the importance of oxidative stress as a driver for glycation. The importance of nutrition to modulate glycation is discussed, based on the evidence available and recommendations towards higher quality future research are made.
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25
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Tsiouda T, Zarogoulidis P, Petridis D, Pezirkianidis N, Kioumis I, Yarmus L, Huang H, Li Q, Hohenforst-Schmidt W, Porpodis K, Spyratos D, Tsakiridis K, Pitsiou G, Kontakiotis T, Argyropoulou P, Kyriazis G, Zarogoulidis K. A multifactoral analysis of 1452 patients for smoking sensation. An outpatient lab experience. J Cancer 2014; 5:433-45. [PMID: 24847384 PMCID: PMC4026997 DOI: 10.7150/jca.9360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Smoking habit is held responsible for several respiratory and metabolic diseases. Data from 1452 patients were recorded from our outpatient laboratory. The following parameters were recorded within several follow ups of our patients; smoking habit, respiratory functions, smoking cessation questionnaires, and administered drugs. The treatment administered to smokers throughout the period of inspection seems to also have a significant effect on dependence. In fact, varelicline causes a 50% reduction in smoking dependence in regards to nicotine substitutes (odds ratio: 0.48 (0.31-0,74), p=0.001) so displaying a substantial preponderance on the choice to fight smoking dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodora Tsiouda
- 1. Internal Medicine Department, ``Theageneio`` Anticancer Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece. ; 2. Pulmonary Department-Oncology Unit, ``G. Papanikolaou`` General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Paul Zarogoulidis
- 2. Pulmonary Department-Oncology Unit, ``G. Papanikolaou`` General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitris Petridis
- 3. Department of Food Technology, School of Food Technology and Nutrition, Alexander Technological Educational Institute, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Ioannis Kioumis
- 2. Pulmonary Department-Oncology Unit, ``G. Papanikolaou`` General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Lonny Yarmus
- 5. Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, U.S.A
| | - Haidong Huang
- 6. Department of Respiratory Diseases Shanghai Hospital, II Military University Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Li
- 6. Department of Respiratory Diseases Shanghai Hospital, II Military University Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Konstantinos Porpodis
- 2. Pulmonary Department-Oncology Unit, ``G. Papanikolaou`` General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dionysios Spyratos
- 2. Pulmonary Department-Oncology Unit, ``G. Papanikolaou`` General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Kosmas Tsakiridis
- 2. Pulmonary Department-Oncology Unit, ``G. Papanikolaou`` General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgia Pitsiou
- 2. Pulmonary Department-Oncology Unit, ``G. Papanikolaou`` General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Theodoros Kontakiotis
- 2. Pulmonary Department-Oncology Unit, ``G. Papanikolaou`` General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Paraskevi Argyropoulou
- 2. Pulmonary Department-Oncology Unit, ``G. Papanikolaou`` General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - George Kyriazis
- 2. Pulmonary Department-Oncology Unit, ``G. Papanikolaou`` General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Zarogoulidis
- 2. Pulmonary Department-Oncology Unit, ``G. Papanikolaou`` General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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