1
|
Mihaila I, Hsieh K, Acharya K. Correlates of Social Participation of Adults with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities. JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES : JOID 2024; 28:3-16. [PMID: 36173645 DOI: 10.1177/17446295221130556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Social participation has been linked to healthy aging, yet little is known about social participation during extended periods of time for adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities. The social participation of 777 adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities (aged 18-77 years), during a 4-year period, was examined. Sociodemographic, physical, and behavioral health-related correlates of engagement in social participation were investigated. Findings indicated that the majority of adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities engaged in at least a moderate level of social participation during the 4-years. Employment status, physical health, and Special Olympics participation were associated with a higher level of social participation. Findings have implications for supports and services seeking to promote social participation opportunities for adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iulia Mihaila
- Department of Disability and Human Development, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kelly Hsieh
- Department of Disability and Human Development, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kruti Acharya
- Department of Disability and Human Development, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chusamer K, Melville CA, McGarty AM. Individual, interpersonal and environmental correlates of sedentary behaviours in adults with intellectual disabilities. JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH : JIDR 2023; 67:1237-1248. [PMID: 36751007 DOI: 10.1111/jir.13014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sedentary behaviours have adverse health outcomes and adults with intellectual disabilities are at a higher risk of unhealthy lifestyle behaviours. The lack of knowledge relating to sedentary behaviours in adults with intellectual disabilities has impeded the development of effective interventions. This study aimed to investigate individual, interpersonal and environmental correlates that are associated with sedentary behaviours in adults with intellectual disabilities. METHOD A secondary analysis of data from The UK Household Longitudinal Study (Understanding Society; collected 2011-2013) was conducted. Twenty-two predictor variables were included in a stepwise logistic regression, with TV hours during weekdays (≤3 and >3 h/day) used as a proxy for sedentary behaviours. A sample of 266 adults, with mean age of 37.9 and range from 18 to 49 years old, with intellectual disabilities were identified. Because 63.9% were female, 62.4% had children and 28.2% were employed, the sample is likely to be most representative of more able adults with intellectual disabilities. RESULTS A significant interaction term between having children and neighbourhood status was found in the initial model so separate models for good and poor-quality neighbourhoods are reported. Having children only had a significant effect to lower the odds of high TV time among participants living in good quality neighbourhoods (OR 0.10, 95% CI 0.03, 0.25). However, for people living in poor quality neighbourhoods it was better quality leisure services that was associated with lower odds of high TV time (OR 0.48, 95% CI 0.23, 0.90). Being employed only significantly reduced the odds of high TV time in the good quality neighbourhood model (OR 0.35, 95% CI 0.12, 0.78). These effects highlight the importance of environmental effects on lifestyle behaviours of adults with intellectual disabilities. CONCLUSIONS Future research should aim to expand our understanding of environmental effects on the sedentary behaviours and other lifestyle behaviours of adults with intellectual disabilities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Chusamer
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - C A Melville
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - A M McGarty
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ng HKS, Chow SY. On the relationship between green space and civic engagement: The roles of well-being, outgroup trust, and activity level. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2023; 72:170-186. [PMID: 37434440 DOI: 10.1002/ajcp.12692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Much research has been devoted to the positive effect of green space on prosociality, but little is known about its impact on civic engagement. It is also unclear how the effect takes place. This research fills the voids by regressing 2440 US citizen's civic engagement on the vegetation density and park area in their neighborhoods. It further examines if the effect is due to changes in well-being, interpersonal trust, or activity level. Park area predicts higher civic engagement, which is mediated by higher trust in outgroups. However, the data is inconclusive about the effect of vegetation density and the well-being mechanism. In contrast to the activity hypothesis, the effect of parks on civic engagement is stronger in unsafe neighborhoods, suggesting that they are valuable resources to combat neighborhood problems. The results bring insights into how individuals and communities can benefit the most from green spaces in the neighborhood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sin Yau Chow
- Department of Urban Planning and Design, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gladstone J, Barrett JAM. Understanding the functional form of the relationship between childhood cognitive ability and adult financial well-being. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0285199. [PMID: 37285329 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing complexity of the modern financial landscape presents significant challenges for individuals' financial well-being. In this study, we aim to investigate the relationship between cognitive ability and financial well-being by utilizing data from the British Cohort Study, which follows a sample of 13,000 individuals from birth in 1970 to the present day. Our objective is to examine the functional form of this relationship while controlling for factors such as childhood socio-economic status and adult income. Previous research has established a correlation between cognitive ability and financial well-being, but has implicitly assumed a linear relationship. Our analyses indicate that the majority of the relationships between cognitive ability and financial variables are monotonic. However, we also observe non-monotonic relationships, particularly for credit usage, suggesting a curvilinear relationship where both lower and higher levels of cognitive ability are associated with lower levels of debt. These findings have important implications for understanding the role of cognitive ability in financial well-being and for financial education and policy, as the complexity of the modern financial landscape poses significant challenges for individuals' financial well-being. As financial complexity is increasing and cognitive ability is a key predictor of knowledge acquisition, misspecifying the true relationship between cognitive ability and financial outcomes leads to an undervaluation of the role of cognitive ability for financial well-being.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joe Gladstone
- Leeds School of Business, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Choi B, Yi E. The Impact of Income and Social Capital on the Health of People with Developmental Disabilities. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10081543. [PMID: 36011200 PMCID: PMC9408101 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10081543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examines the impact of income and social capital on the health of people with developmental disabilities, focusing on the moderating effects of income and social capital on health. Hierarchical regression analysis was conducted using data from 235 people with developmental disabilities who participated in the second wave of the Disability and Life Dynamics Panel. The findings show that people with developmental disabilities who were female, employed, and did not have multiple disabilities and chronic diseases were more likely to display higher levels of self-rated health. Furthermore, self-rated health was higher in those earning a higher income. The social network had a significantly positive effect on health, but its moderating effect on the impact of income did not carry statistical significance. Trust was found to have a moderating effect on the impact of income on health, where the group with greater trust and lower income was healthier than the group with lower trust. The findings suggest the need to provide income support and establish social capital for people with developmental disabilities to improve their health, and this study offers related policy implications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bogcheon Choi
- Department of Rehabilitation, Jeonju University, Jeonju 55069, Korea
| | - Eunsil Yi
- National Pension Research Institute, National Pension Service, Jeonju 54870, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-63-713-6711
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wright D, Kenny A, Eley S, McKechanie AG, Stanfield AC. Clinical and behavioural features of SYNGAP1-related intellectual disability: a parent and caregiver description. J Neurodev Disord 2022; 14:34. [PMID: 35655128 PMCID: PMC9164368 DOI: 10.1186/s11689-022-09437-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background SYNGAP1-related intellectual disability (ID) is a recently described neurodevelopmental disorder that is caused by pathogenic variation in the SYNGAP1 gene. To date, the behavioural characteristics of this disorder have mainly been highlighted via the prevalence of existing diagnoses in case series. We set out to detail the behavioural features of this disorder by undertaking interviews with those who have a child with SYNGAP1-related ID to allow them to describe their child’s behaviour. Methods We conducted 27 semi-structured interviews with parents and caregivers which covered basic information (e.g., age, gender), family history, perinatal history, past medical history, developmental history, epilepsy, behavioural history, and a general description of their child’s behaviour. Results Using a mixed quantitative and qualitative approach, the responses from the parents indicated that those with SYNGAP1-related ID showed high rates of autism spectrum disorder (52%), difficulties with fine and gross motor skills, delays in language development, and a high prevalence of epilepsy (70%). A qualitative analysis highlighted their general behaviour affected the themes of daily living skills, distress-related behaviours, emotional regulation, difficulties with change, a lack of danger awareness, and sensory differences. Sensory features described involved auditory, visual, tactile, gustatory, and proprioceptive themes. Conclusions Our findings and behavioural descriptions provide important insights as well as implications for the diagnosis and care of those with SYNGAP1-related ID. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s11689-022-09437-x.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Damien Wright
- Patrick Wild Centre, Division of Psychiatry, Kennedy Tower, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH10 5HF, Scotland.
| | - Aisling Kenny
- Patrick Wild Centre, Division of Psychiatry, Kennedy Tower, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH10 5HF, Scotland
| | - Sarah Eley
- Patrick Wild Centre, Division of Psychiatry, Kennedy Tower, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH10 5HF, Scotland
| | - Andrew G McKechanie
- Patrick Wild Centre, Division of Psychiatry, Kennedy Tower, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH10 5HF, Scotland
| | - Andrew C Stanfield
- Patrick Wild Centre, Division of Psychiatry, Kennedy Tower, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH10 5HF, Scotland
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
An exploration of how meal preparation activities relate to self-rated time pressure, stress, and health in Canada: A time use approach. SSM Popul Health 2021; 15:100818. [PMID: 34113709 PMCID: PMC8170144 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2021.100818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
While previous work has provided a foundation for understanding the importance of the links between time use and diet, there has been little done to link time use to health outcomes. In this study, time use and self-rated health variables from the 2015 Time Use Cycle of Statistics Canada's General Social Survey are used to explore whether there are direct associations between time spent on meal preparation and health for Canadian Adults. In addition, this paper uses respondents' sequences of activities data from a time use diary to provide novel findings about the context of activities that precede and follow meal preparation. Proportional odds and logistic regression models are computed and show that there are significant relationships between spending more time on meal preparation and improved mental health and lower levels of stress. More time on meal preparation is also linked to general feelings of having less time. The analysis of activities preceding and following meal preparation activities demonstrates that individuals with different levels of self-rated stress or feelings of having extra time have significantly different activity sequence distributions (e.g., those reporting higher levels of stress are more likely to participate in chores and care activities). Exploring activity sequences related to meal preparation provides a first step in furthering the research community's grasp of the causal relationship between food-related time use and health and well-being outcome variables. Ultimately, this paper builds on the past literature on time use and meal preparation by establishing direct links between time spent on meal preparation activities, self-rated health and time use variables, in addition to offering insights into what activities surround this important activity via a novel sequence analysis. More time spent on meal preparation linked to better mental health and less stress. More time spent on meal preparation also linked to feelings of having less time. Activities adjacent to meal preparation differ by self-reported health and time use.
Collapse
|
8
|
Fritz H, Cutchin MP, Gharib J, Haryadi N, Patel M, Patel N. Neighborhood Characteristics and Frailty: A Scoping Review. THE GERONTOLOGIST 2020; 60:e270-e285. [PMID: 31276582 DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnz072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Frailty is highly prevalent in later life and associated with early mortality and adverse health outcomes. The neighborhood has been identified as an important contributor to individual health, and neighborhood characteristics may contribute to frailty development. A scoping review was conducted of the peer-reviewed literature to better understand how physical and social neighborhood characteristics contribute to frailty. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Following an established scoping review methodology, we searched four peer-reviewed databases for relevant studies published from January 1, 2008, to December 31, 2018. Data extracted from studies included study characteristics, operationalization of neighborhood, the conceptual model of the neighborhood-frailty relationship, operationalization of frailty, and study findings for associations among neighborhood variables and frailty indicators. RESULTS A total of 522 articles were identified and 13 articles were included in the final data charting. Existing studies suggest that neighborhood characteristics are associated with frailty in later life. Few studies articulated a conceptual model identifying exact mechanisms through which neighborhood factors affected frailty. Studies designs were mostly cross-sectional. Longitudinal studies did not measure neighborhood characteristics over time. Studies varied considerably in how they operationalized the neighborhood. Frailty was most commonly assessed using a 5-point phenotype or a frailty index approach. DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS Findings indicate that research on the relationship between neighborhood characteristics and frailty is an emerging area of inquiry. Additional studies are needed to more definitely explicate mechanisms through which neighborhoods contribute to, or protect older adults from, frailty.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heather Fritz
- Institute of Gerontology, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Detroit, Michigan.,Department of Health Care Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Malcolm P Cutchin
- Institute of Gerontology, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Detroit, Michigan.,Department of Health Care Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Jamil Gharib
- Department of Health Care Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Neehar Haryadi
- Department of Emergency Medicine School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Meet Patel
- Department of Emergency Medicine School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Nandit Patel
- Department of Emergency Medicine School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
McMahon M, Hatton C. A comparison of the prevalence of health problems among adults with and without intellectual disability: A total administrative population study. JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES 2020; 34:316-325. [DOI: 10.1111/jar.12785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin McMahon
- Division of Health Research Lancaster University Lancaster UK
- Health and Community Services Government of Jersey Saint Helier Jersey
| | - Chris Hatton
- Division of Health Research Lancaster University Lancaster UK
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
Although community inclusion brings a number of advantages for vulnerable individuals, it can also entail a range of challenges, and draws in issues of safety and security. This qualitative psychological study, therefore, aimed to explore the challenges being faced by two groups of vulnerable individuals: those with intellectual disabilities and dementia, and how these could be addressed in order to establish a community that is safe and welcoming for all. Interviews and focus groups were conducted with a range of community stakeholders—for instance, local businesses, residents, and individuals with intellectual disabilities, dementia and their carers—and data was thematically analysed to explore the issue of inclusion and participation particularly in relation to stigma and prejudice, self-worth, social isolation and feeling safe. As well as highlighting practical issues regarding inclusion and support, the work emphasised the psychological dimension, linking to a multi-faceted conception of community participation. While significant work is already addressing issues of risk and safety for vulnerable populations (such as “Keep Safe” schemes), the work described here leads to an alternative conceptualization, tied to notions of kindness in communities with a view to crafting communities capable of safely welcoming a wider variety of marginalized groups.
Collapse
|
11
|
Mueller MAE, Flouri E, Kokosi T. The role of the physical environment in adolescent mental health. Health Place 2019; 58:102153. [PMID: 31220796 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2019.102153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The existing literature suggests an association between the physical environment and mental health but also complex relationships between the social and the physical environment as well as between objective and subjective measures of the environment. In this study, we attempted to explore the role of the residential neighbourhood's physical environment in adolescent mental health, taking this complexity into account. Using data on 3683 ten- to 15-year-olds from England and Wales who participated in Understanding Society, we investigated the role of neighbourhood greenspace and air pollution in adolescent mental health (measured with the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire) while controlling for measures of neighbourhood and family socio-economic disadvantage as well as subjective perceptions of social cohesion, crime, safety, and noise in the neighbourhood. In linear regression models, greenspace and air pollution could not predict mental health. However, fear of being a victim of crime was a consistent predictor of mental health and behaviour, indicating the essential role of young people's subjective experience of their neighbourhoods for their mental health and well-being.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie A E Mueller
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, UCL Institute of Education, University College London, 25 Woburn Square, London, WC1H 0AA, UK.
| | - Eirini Flouri
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, UCL Institute of Education, University College London, 25 Woburn Square, London, WC1H 0AA, UK
| | - Theodora Kokosi
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, UCL Institute of Education, University College London, 25 Woburn Square, London, WC1H 0AA, UK
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Robertson J, Beyer S, Emerson E, Baines S, Hatton C. The association between employment and the health of people with intellectual disabilities: A systematic review. JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES 2019; 32:1335-1348. [DOI: 10.1111/jar.12632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Janet Robertson
- Centre for Disability Research, Division of Health Research, Faculty of Health and Medicine Lancaster University Lancaster UK
| | - Steve Beyer
- School of Medicine Cardiff University Cardiff UK
| | - Eric Emerson
- Centre for Disability Research, Division of Health Research, Faculty of Health and Medicine Lancaster University Lancaster UK
- Centre for Disability Research and Policy University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Susannah Baines
- Centre for Disability Research, Division of Health Research, Faculty of Health and Medicine Lancaster University Lancaster UK
| | - Chris Hatton
- Centre for Disability Research, Division of Health Research, Faculty of Health and Medicine Lancaster University Lancaster UK
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Main and interactive effects of inflammation and perceived neighbourhood cohesion on psychological distress: results from a population-based study in the UK. Qual Life Res 2019; 28:2147-2157. [PMID: 30805881 PMCID: PMC6620256 DOI: 10.1007/s11136-019-02143-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Low neighbourhood cohesion and increased levels of inflammation are independent predictors of psychological distress. In this study we explored if they also interact to predict it. Methods Our sample was 9,393 adult participants of the UK Household Longitudinal Study (UKHLS), a large longitudinal household panel study in the UK. Inflammation was measured using C-reactive protein levels. Perceived neighbourhood cohesion was measured using a 13-item questionnaire. Psychological distress was measured with the General Health Questionnaire-12. Results Perceived neighbourhood cohesion and inflammation retained their significant main effects on psychological distress even after adjustment for confounders (age, gender, ethnicity, partner status, education, smoking status, obesity and urbanicity). The effect of neighbourhood cohesion was larger. However, we did not find evidence for an interactive association between the two. Conclusions Perceived neighbourhood cohesion was inversely related to psychological distress, over and above other important person- and neighbourhood-level characteristics. Inflammation was also associated with psychological distress, albeit less strongly. If these associations are causal, they suggest that promoting neighbourhood cohesion can alleviate some of the burden associated with psychological distress.
Collapse
|
14
|
Neijmeijer LJ, Didden R, Nijman HLI, Kroon H. Assertive Community Treatment for People With Mild Intellectual Disability or Borderline Intellectual Functioning and Mental Health Problems or Challenging Behavior: State of the Art and Implementation in the Netherlands. JOURNAL OF POLICY AND PRACTICE IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/jppi.12254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura J. Neijmeijer
- Radboud University Nijmegen, Behavioural Science Institute; Nijmegen
- Trajectum; Zwolle
| | - Robert Didden
- Radboud University Nijmegen, Behavioural Science Institute; Nijmegen
| | - Henk L. I. Nijman
- Radboud University Nijmegen, Behavioural Science Institute; Nijmegen
| | - Hans Kroon
- Trimbos-Institute; Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction; Utrecht the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wong YLI, Huangfu Y, Hadley T. Place and community inclusion: Locational patterns of supportive housing for people with intellectual disability and people with psychiatric disorders. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2018; 83:108-119. [PMID: 30193159 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2018.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study examines the locational patterns of publicly-funded supportive housing for people with intellectual disability (people with ID) and people with psychiatric disorders (people with PD). METHODS Administrative data provided housing locations of 4599 people with ID and people with PD in one urban county and one suburban county in the United States. Census tract data captured neighborhood characteristics. Descriptive statistics and spatial analysis were used to analyze the distribution of supportive housing sites. RESULTS People with ID were more dispersed across a larger number of census tracts with smaller number of residents per tract than people with PD. While spatial dispersion in favor of people with ID was consistent across both counties, difference in dispersion was more pronounced in the urban county. People with PD were concentrated in neighborhoods with more socio-economic disadvantage, more residential instability, and a higher level of race/ethnic diversity than people with ID. CONCLUSION This study suggests that spatial-analytic method can serve as a useful tool for assessing the extent to which integrated housing is achieved for people with ID and people with PD. Interpretation of findings should be given due consideration of the policy context and neighborhood characteristics of the study communities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Ling Irene Wong
- School of Social Policy & Practice, University of Pennsylvania 3701 Locust Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6214, USA.
| | - Yiyue Huangfu
- Department of Sociology, University of Wisconsin-Madison 1180 Observatory Drive, Madison, WI 53706-1393, USA.
| | - Trevor Hadley
- Center for Mental Health Policy and Services Research, University of Pennsylvania 3535 Market Street, 3/F, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Bakker-van Gijssel EJ, Lucassen PLBJ, Olde Hartman TC, Assendelft WJJ, van Schrojenstein Lantman-de Valk HMJ. Development of a health assessment instrument for people with intellectual disabilities: a Delphi study. Fam Pract 2018; 35:599-606. [PMID: 29471438 DOI: 10.1093/fampra/cmy004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND People with intellectual disabilities (IDs) experience health inequalities. Applying health assessments is one way of diminishing these inequalities. A health assessment instrument can support general practitioners (GPs) in providing better medical care to people with ID. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to determine which items should be part of a health assessment instrument for people with ID to be used in primary care. METHODS This Delphi consensus study was conducted among 24 GP experts and 21 ID physicians. We performed three anonymous sequential online questionnaire rounds. We started with 82 'general' items and 14 items concerning physical and additional examinations derived from the international literature and a focus group study among Dutch GPs. We definitely included items if more than 75% of the GP experts agreed on their inclusion. RESULTS The participation rate in all rounds was above 88%. The expert groups proposed 10 new items. Consensus was reached on 64 'general' items related to highly prevalent diseases, public health and health promotion. Consensus was also reached on 18 physical and additional examination items. CONCLUSIONS For the first time, experts in a Delphi study were able to arrive at a selection of items for a health assessment instrument for people with ID. The overall agreement among the GPs and ID physicians was good. Because the experts prefer that patients complete the health assessment questionnaire at home, questions that cover these items must be formulated clearly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Esther J Bakker-van Gijssel
- Department of Primary and Community Care, Radboud University Medical Center, HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Siza, Residential Care Facility for People with Disabilities, AM Arnhem, The Netherlands
| | - Peter L B J Lucassen
- Department of Primary and Community Care, Radboud University Medical Center, HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Tim C Olde Hartman
- Department of Primary and Community Care, Radboud University Medical Center, HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Willem J J Assendelft
- Department of Primary and Community Care, Radboud University Medical Center, HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Dean EE, Shogren KA, Hagiwara M, Wehmeyer ML. How does employment influence health outcomes? A systematic review of the intellectual disability literature. JOURNAL OF VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION 2018. [DOI: 10.3233/jvr-180950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Evan E. Dean
- Beach Center on Disability/Kansas University Center on Developmental Disabilities, Lawrence, KS, USA
- Department of Occupational Therapy Education, University of Kansas, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Karrie A. Shogren
- Beach Center on Disability/Kansas University Center on Developmental Disabilities, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Mayumi Hagiwara
- Beach Center on Disability/Kansas University Center on Developmental Disabilities, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Michael L. Wehmeyer
- Beach Center on Disability/Kansas University Center on Developmental Disabilities, Lawrence, KS, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Emerson E, Hatton C, Baines S, Robertson J. The association between employment status and health among British adults with and without intellectual impairments: cross-sectional analyses of a cohort study. BMC Public Health 2018; 18:401. [PMID: 29587712 PMCID: PMC5870818 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-5337-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There exists a well established link between employment status and health, with unemployment being associated with poorer health. Much less is known about the association between economic inactivity and health, especially among people with disabilities. Our aim is to determine whether the association between employment status and health is similar for adults with and adults without intellectual impairment. Methods Using nationally representative data from the 1970 British Cohort Study, we undertook a series of cross sectional analyses of the association between employment status and health (self-reported general health, mental health) among British adults with and without intellectual impairments at ages 26, 30, 34, 38 and 42. Results People with intellectual disability and borderline intellectual functioning had markedly lower employment rates and poorer health than other participants at all waves of data collection. When compared with participants in full-time employment the prevalence of poorer self rated health and mental health was higher among participants with and without intellectual impairment who were in either part-time employment or were economically inactive at all ages. When compared with participants in employment the prevalence of poorer self rated health and mental health was higher among participants with and without intellectual impairment who were in the economically inactive categories of unemployment, education/training and ill/disabled at all ages. Intellectual disability status appeared to moderate the strength of the relationship between economic activity and self-rated health and, to a much lesser extent, the relationship between economic activity and mental health. In all instances the moderation indicated a stronger association among participants without intellectual impairment. Conclusions The results provide substantive evidence to suggest that the nature of the well-established association between employment and better health is similar for British adults with and without intellectual impairments. The results do, however, indicate that the magnitude of the effect involved differed. Further research is needed to identify mechanisms that may underlie this difference.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Emerson
- Centre for Disability Research, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YT, UK. .,Centre for Disability Research and Policy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia.
| | - Chris Hatton
- Centre for Disability Research, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YT, UK
| | - Susannah Baines
- Centre for Disability Research, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YT, UK
| | - Janet Robertson
- Centre for Disability Research, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YT, UK
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Harris L, McGarty AM, Hilgenkamp T, Mitchell F, Melville CA. Correlates of objectively measured sedentary time in adults with intellectual disabilities. Prev Med Rep 2018; 9:12-17. [PMID: 29255667 PMCID: PMC5725213 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2017.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Sedentary behaviour is an independent risk factor for adverse health conditions. Adults with intellectual disabilities spend a high proportion of their day engaged in sedentary behaviour, however, there is limited evidence on potential correlates of objectively measured sedentary behaviour in this population group. In Glasgow, UK from July to September 2017, a secondary analysis of pooled baseline accelerometer data from two randomised controlled trials of lifestyle behaviour change programmes was conducted. Backwards linear regression was used to investigate the associations between demographic, biological, and environmental correlates and objective measure of sedentary behaviour (percentage of time spent sedentary). One-hundred and forty-three participants provided valid accelerometer data. Mean percentage time spent sedentary (adjusted for wear time) was 72.9% [Standard Deviation (SD) = 8.7] per day. In the final model, physical and mental health problems were significantly (p < 0.05) associated with increased percentage time spent sedentary. This is the first study to provide evidence on multi-level, demographic, biological, and environmental correlates of objectively measured sedentary behaviour in adults with intellectual disabilities. To inform the development of interventions to modify sedentary behaviours in adults with intellectual disabilities, further research is required including a wide range of socio-ecological correlates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leanne Harris
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, G12 0XH, United Kingdom
| | - Arlene M. McGarty
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, G12 0XH, United Kingdom
| | - Thessa Hilgenkamp
- Department of General Practice, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Fiona Mitchell
- Physical Activity for Health, School of Psychological Sciences and Health, University of Strathclyde, G1 1QE, United Kingdom
| | - Craig A. Melville
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, G12 0XH, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Emerson E, Hatton C, Robertson J, Baines S. The association between non-standard employment, job insecurity and health among British adults with and without intellectual impairments: Cohort study. SSM Popul Health 2018; 4:197-205. [PMID: 29468188 PMCID: PMC5814362 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We sought to investigate the association between employment conditions and health among working age British adults with and without intellectual impairments. Using data from the 1970 British Cohort Study, we undertook a series of cross sectional analyses of the association between employment conditions and health (self-reported general health, mental health) among British adults with and without intellectual impairments at ages 30, 34 and 42. Our results indicated that: (1) British adults with intellectual impairments were more likely than their peers to be exposed to non-standard employment conditions and experience job insecurity; (2) in both groups exposure was typically associated with poorer health; (3) British adults with intellectual impairments in non-standard employment conditions were more likely than their peers to transition to economic inactivity; (4) among both groups, transitioning into employment was associated with positive health status and transitioning out of employment was associated with poorer health status. British adults with intellectual impairments are significantly more likely than their peers to be exposed to non-standard and more precarious working conditions. The association between employment conditions and health was similar for British adults with and without intellectual impairments. As such, the study found no evidence to suggest that research on causal pathways between employment and health derived from studies of the general population should not generalize to the population of people with intellectual impairments. Little is known about the association between employment conditions and health among adults with intellectual impairments. Adults with intellectual impairments were more likely than their peers to be exposed to non-standard employment conditions and experience job insecurity. Exposure was associated with poorer health. Adults with intellectual impairments in non-standard employment were more likely than their peers to transition to economic inactivity. Transitioning into employment was associated with positive health status and transitioning out of employment was associated with poorer health status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Emerson
- Centre for Disability Research, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YT, UK.,Centre for Disability Research and Policy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Chris Hatton
- Centre for Disability Research, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YT, UK
| | - Janet Robertson
- Centre for Disability Research, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YT, UK
| | - Susannah Baines
- Centre for Disability Research, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YT, UK
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
McIntyre LL, Brown M. Examining the utilisation and usefulness of social support for mothers with young children with autism spectrum disorder. JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL & DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITY 2016; 43:93-101. [PMID: 30524188 PMCID: PMC6276793 DOI: 10.3109/13668250.2016.1262534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social support has been described as a vital resource for families with children with disability. Although the benefits of social support have been described, little is known about the utilisation patterns in families of young children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). METHOD In a community sample of 78 American families with children (2-6 years) with ASD, this study examined the utilisation and usefulness of social support. Child, family, and service variables related to social support were explored. RESULTS Mothers of children with ASD reported using a combination of formal and informal supports, and these were perceived to be helpful. Sociodemographic variables, child behaviour problems, satisfaction with the autism diagnostic process, and access to information about ASD predicted social support utilisation. CONCLUSION Social support utilisation varies as a function of different child, family, and service variables. Understanding these variables may help professionals guide families in access to and use of social support.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Lee McIntyre
- Department of Special Education and Clinical Sciences, University of Oregon Eugene, OR, USA
| | - Mallory Brown
- Department of Special Education and Clinical Sciences, University of Oregon Eugene, OR, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Sandberg M, Ahlström G, Axmon A, Kristensson J. Somatic healthcare utilisation patterns among older people with intellectual disability: an 11-year register study. BMC Health Serv Res 2016; 16:642. [PMID: 27829424 PMCID: PMC5103402 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-016-1880-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background People with intellectual disabilities (ID) are known to have more diseases and are believed to start aging earlier than the general population. The population of older people with ID is growing, but knowledge about their use of healthcare is limited. This study aimed to explore somatic healthcare utilisation patterns among people with ID living in Sweden, in comparison with the general population from 2002 to 2012. Methods Participants were a group of people with ID (n = 7936) aged 55 years and older in 2012, and an equal-sized, birth year and sex matched, general population sample (n = 7936). Participants were divided into age groups of 5-year intervals. Data regarding in- and outpatient care were collected from the Swedish National Patient Register. Results In the younger age groups, the ID group had higher healthcare utilisation compared with the general population sample, with higher risks for planned and unplanned somatic in- and outpatient care, particularly for unplanned inpatient registrations. Decreasing patterns were seen with age; with lower risks in the ID group for the oldest age groups. This was most evident in planned somatic in- and outpatient care. In those with at least one registration, the ID group had a longer unplanned length of stay in the younger age groups, but fewer planned visits to physicians in somatic outpatient care compared with the control group. Conclusions Compared with the general population, people with ID show higher healthcare utilisation in younger age groups. Healthcare utilisation decreases with age, and in old age, fewer people with ID use healthcare compared with the general population. The barriers to accessing planned healthcare for older people with ID need more investigation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12913-016-1880-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magnus Sandberg
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, P.O. Box 157, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Gerd Ahlström
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, P.O. Box 157, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anna Axmon
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, P.O. Box 157, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, SE-221 85, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jimmie Kristensson
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, P.O. Box 157, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Health, Blekinge Institute of Technology, SE-371 45, Karlskrona, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Berghs M, Atkin K, Graham H, Hatton C, Thomas C. Implications for public health research of models and theories of disability: a scoping study and evidence synthesis. PUBLIC HEALTH RESEARCH 2016. [DOI: 10.3310/phr04080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundPublic health interventions that are effective in the general population are often assumed to apply to people with impairments. However, the evidence to support this is limited and hence there is a need for public health research to take a more explicit account of disability and the perspectives of people with impairments.Objectives(1) To examine the literature on theories and models of disability; (2) to assess whether or not, and how, intervention studies of effectiveness could incorporate more inclusive approaches that are consistent with these theories and models; and (3) to use the findings to draw out implications for improving evaluative study designs and evidence-based practice.Review methodsThe project is a scoping review of the literature. The first stage examines theories and models of disability and reflects on possible connections between theories of disability and public health paradigms. This discussion is used to develop an ethical–empirical decision aid/checklist, informed by a human rights approach to disability and ecological approaches to public health. We apply this decision aid in the second stage of the review to evaluate the extent to which the 30 generic public health reviews of interventions and the 30 disability-specific public health interventions include the diverse experiences of disability. Five deliberation panels were also organised to further refine the decision aid: one with health-care professionals and four with politically and socially active disabled people.ResultsThe evidence from the review indicated that there has been limited public health engagement with theories and models of disability. Outcome measures were often insensitive to the experiences of disability. Even when disabled people were included, studies rarely engaged with their experiences in any meaningful way. More inclusive research should reflect how people live and ‘flourish’ with disability.LimitationsThe scoping review provides a broad appraisal of a particular field. It generates ideas for future practice rather than a definite framework for action.ConclusionsOur ethical–empirical decision aid offers a critical framework with which to evaluate current research practice. It also offers a resource for promoting more ethical and evidence-based public health research that is methodologically robust while being sensitive to the experiences of disability.Future workDeveloping more inclusive research and interventions that avoid conceptualising disability as either a ‘burden’ or ‘problem’ is an important starting point. This includes exploring ways of refining and validating current common outcome measures to ensure that they capture a diverse range of disabling experiences, as well as generating evidence on meaningful ways of engaging a broad range of disabled children and adults in the research process.FundingThe National Institute for Health Research Public Health Research programme.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Berghs
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK
| | - Karl Atkin
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK
| | - Hilary Graham
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK
| | - Chris Hatton
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, Furness College, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Carol Thomas
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, Furness College, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Successful ageing has not yet been defined in people with an intellectual disability. The purpose of this review is to discuss and define successful ageing in the context of intellectual disability and to propose strategies to improve health and wellbeing for this population. RECENT FINDINGS People with an intellectual disability experience higher rates of diabetes, hypertension, obesity and cardiovascular disease, and higher rates of mental disorders than people without an intellectual disability. People with an intellectual disability engage in more passive leisure activities because many active leisure activities require the participation of or assistance by others. Health promotion programmes tailored to people with an intellectual disability consisting of exercise and health education can result in more positive attitudes toward exercise and improvements in psychosocial outcomes. SUMMARY With modifications for people with an intellectual disability, the concept of successful ageing can be used as a template for development of strategies to improve health and wellbeing for people with an intellectual disability as they age. Targeted programmes focused on health promotion and prevention of age-related morbidities is required. There is a need for policies addressing positive ageing, including social participation and maximizing community participation. Appropriate and ongoing education for people with an intellectual disability and their carers on healthy living in areas of physical, social, and cognitive activity, nutrition and avoidance of risk factors is essential.
Collapse
|
25
|
Emerson E, Llewellyn G, Hatton C, Hindmarsh G, Robertson J, Man WYN, Baines S. The health of parents with and without intellectual impairment in the UK. JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH : JIDR 2015; 59:1142-1154. [PMID: 26365876 DOI: 10.1111/jir.12218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Revised: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about the health and well-being of the 'hidden majority' of parents with mild intellectual disability (ID), who are less likely to be in contact with disability services. METHOD We sought to add to knowledge in this area by examining the health and living conditions of parents with and without intellectual impairment in a large contemporary nationally representative sample of UK parents aged between 16 and 49 years old (n = 14 371). RESULTS Our results indicated that, as expected, parents with intellectual impairment were at significantly greater risk than other parents of having poorer self-reported general, mental and physical health. They were also at significantly greater risk of experiencing higher rates of household socio-economic disadvantage and environmental adversities and lower rates of neighbourhood social capital and intergenerational support. Adjusting risk estimates to take account of between group differences in household socio-economic disadvantage eliminated statistically significant differences in health status between parents with and without intellectual impairment on all but one indicator (obesity). Further adjusting risk estimates to take account of between group differences in neighbourhood adversity, neighbourhood social capital and intergenerational support had minimal impact on the results. CONCLUSIONS That controlling for between-group differences in exposure to socio-economic disadvantage largely eliminated evidence of poorer health among parents with intellectual impairment is consistent with the view that a significant proportion of the poorer health of people with IDs may be attributable to their poorer living conditions rather than biological factors associated with ID per se.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Emerson
- Centre for Disability Research and Policy, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Centre for Disability Research, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - G Llewellyn
- Centre for Disability Research and Policy, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - C Hatton
- Centre for Disability Research, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - G Hindmarsh
- Australian Family & Disability Studies Research Collaboration, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - J Robertson
- Institute for Health Research, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - W Y N Man
- Australian Family & Disability Studies Research Collaboration, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - S Baines
- Centre for Disability Research, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| |
Collapse
|