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Pagano A, McCuistian C, Le T, Campbell BK, Delucchi K, Woodward-Lopez G, Guydish J. Smoking Behavior and Wellness among Individuals in Substance Use Disorder Treatment. J Psychoactive Drugs 2022:1-12. [PMID: 35815722 PMCID: PMC9826798 DOI: 10.1080/02791072.2022.2095942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Tobacco-related morbidity and mortality disproportionately affect people with substance use disorders (SUD). Encouraging overall wellness may support tobacco use cessation. We investigated relationships between wellness (health status, physical activity, sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption), cigarette smoking, and smoking cessation among SUD treatment patients to inform clinical care. Cross-sectional surveys were conducted with 395 patients in 20 California residential SUD programs. Using multivariate regression, we examined associations between smoking status and wellness. Among smokers, we examined associations between lifetime smoking exposure, cessation behaviors and attitudes, and wellness. Compared to nonsmokers (n = 121), smokers (n = 274) reported more SSB consumption, poorer physical health, and more respiratory symptoms. Among smokers, SSB consumption and respiratory symptoms increased per ten pack-years of smoking. Smokers with respiratory symptoms reported higher motivation to quit and more use of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT). Smokers with more days of poor mental health reported lower motivation to quit. Overall, cigarette smoking was associated with other health-risk behaviors among SUD treatment patients. Respiratory symptoms may increase, and poor mental health may decrease, SUD patients' intent to quit smoking. To reduce chronic disease risk among SUD patients, treatment programs should consider promoting overall wellness concurrently with smoking cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pagano
- Institute for Health Policy Studies, University of California, San Francisco, 490 Illinois Street, Floor 7, San Francisco, CA 94158,Corresponding author: Anna Pagano, PhD,
| | - Caravella McCuistian
- Institute for Health Policy Studies, University of California, San Francisco, 490 Illinois Street, Floor 7, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Thao Le
- Institute for Health Policy Studies, University of California, San Francisco, 490 Illinois Street, Floor 7, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Barbara K. Campbell
- Division of General & Internal Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239-3098
| | - Kevin Delucchi
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, 401 Parnassus Ave, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Gail Woodward-Lopez
- University of California Nutrition Policy Institute, 1111 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Oakland, CA 94607
| | - Joseph Guydish
- Institute for Health Policy Studies, University of California, San Francisco, 490 Illinois Street, Floor 7, San Francisco, CA 94158
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Sharma RK, Chern A, Begasse de Dhaem O, Golub JS, Lalwani AK. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease is a Risk Factor for Sensorineural Hearing Loss: A US Population Study. Otol Neurotol 2021; 42:1467-1475. [PMID: 34387615 DOI: 10.1097/mao.0000000000003317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The goal of this study is to determine if chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) in a national database. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING National sample of the United States population. PATIENTS Adults with audiometric and spirometry data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Study (NHANES) database. INTERVENTIONS None. METHODS A total of 2,464 adults with spirometry and audiometry data from the NHANES database (2009-2012) were studied. Outcome measures included hearing, measured by high-frequency pure tone average (HFPTA; 3, 4, 6, 8 kHz) and low-frequency pure tone average (LFPTA; .5, 1, 2 kHz) frequencies. SNHL was defined as a HFPTA or LFPTA threshold more than 25 decibels (dB) in the better ear. Multivariable regression analyses explored the association between hearing loss and COPD. RESULTS The prevalence of COPD was 19.8% in individuals with SNHL in the better ear and 4.7% in individuals with normal hearing (p < 0.001). Presence of COPD was associated with elevated hearing thresholds (worse hearing) at each individual frequency. The presence of COPD was independently associated with a 3.29 dB (95% CI: 1.48, 5.09) increase in HFPTA (p < 0.001), and 2.32 dB (1.13, 3.50) increase in LFPTA (p < 0.001) after controlling for medical, social, and environmental covariates. The presence of COPD was independently associated with a 1.85-fold (1.12, 3.06) increased odds of isolated low-frequency SNHL (p = 0.017). CONCLUSIONS COPD was independently associated with sensorineural hearing loss after controlling for multiple confounding factors. These results contribute to the evidence that COPD and pulmonary dysfunction can be comorbid with hearing decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul K Sharma
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, NewYork-Presbyterian/Columbia University Irving Medical Center
| | - Alexander Chern
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, NewYork-Presbyterian/Columbia University Irving Medical Center
| | - Olivia Begasse de Dhaem
- Graham Headache Center at the Brigham and Women's Faulkner Hospital and Department of Neurology at the Mass General Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Justin S Golub
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, NewYork-Presbyterian/Columbia University Irving Medical Center
| | - Anil K Lalwani
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, NewYork-Presbyterian/Columbia University Irving Medical Center
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Fu Foundation School of Engineering and Applied Science, Columbia University, New York, New York
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Ng CD, Elliott MR, Riosmena F, Cunningham SA. Beyond recent BMI: BMI exposure metrics and their relationship to health. SSM Popul Health 2020; 11:100547. [PMID: 32195313 PMCID: PMC7078435 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2020.100547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Body mass index (BMI) is generally used to classify adiposity. Despite the fact that the consequences of adiposity for chronic health accumulate and manifest over time, most population health research exploring the implications of high BMI measures only its recent intensity. Some studies have used retrospective measures involving maximum weight, and even fewer have used BMI at multiple time points to estimate cumulative exposure to adiposity. The goal of this study was to compare BMI exposure metrics that captured different dimensions of body mass – intensity, history, and duration – in models of health indicators linked with adiposity. We used self-reported BMI of young adults (ages 18 – 33 years, n = 8,608) across 11 waves of data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 to evaluate eight BMI exposure metrics: most recent, maximum, mean, and median BMI, proportion of time with overweight/obesity, and excess BMI-years with overweight/obesity. We used these metrics in models of self-reported general health, chronic condition, and diabetes, and ascertained how most recent BMI performed when compared with other metrics that better capture the dynamics of BMI. The Akaike information criteria and Vuong tests were used for model comparison, and the strengths of associations were also compared. Most recent BMI was the best metric for explaining general health. Median BMI was best for explaining diabetes, with most recent BMI under-estimating the association by 13% relative to median BMI. For chronic condition, there was no clear best metric. We concluded that most recent BMI is useful for explaining health outcomes, though other metrics should also be given consideration, particularly for conditions that develop over time. Metrics that accounted for both intensity and history performed quite well, but the duration measures might be less useful. BMI is dynamic, so researchers need to consider beyond BMI at the time of survey. We calculated 8 BMI-based metrics accounting for intensity, history, and duration. Most recent BMI was the best metric, based on AIC, for explaining general health. Most recent BMI understated the association for diabetes, relative to median BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen D. Ng
- Emory University, United States
- Corresponding author. Emory University, Hubert Department of Global Health, 7050-C Claudia Nance Rollins Building, 1518 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30322, United States.
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Hao Z, Huang X, Qin Y, Li H, Tian F, Xu R, Chang B, Shao H. Analysis of factors related to diabetic retinopathy in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e032095. [PMID: 32047012 PMCID: PMC7044909 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-032095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the related factors of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and explore the correlation between smoking and DR in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). DESIGN A single-centre cross-sectional study. SETTING Tianjin 4th Central Hospital. PARTICIPANTS Patients with newly diagnosed T2DM who visited the outpatient department of the hospital from December 2018 to April 2019. METHODS A total of 947 patients were enrolled in the study. They were divided into two groups according to whether they were diagnosed with DR (diabetic retinopathy group, DR group; non-diabetic retinopathy group, NDR group). The smoking index (SI) was calculated to assess smoking status. Factors such as sex, age, hypertension, T2DM diagnosed age, family history of diabetes, drinking history, haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), body mass index (BMI) and smoking status were compared between the two groups. Logistic regression was used to analyse the relationship between DR and the above factors. RESULTS There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in sex, age, hypertension, DM diagnosed age, family history of diabetes, drinking history and HbA1c. BMI was significantly higher in DR patients (27.7±4.2 vs 26.7±4.4, p=0.004). Smoking status was also different between the two groups (χ2=6.350, p=0.042). BMI was shown to be a related factor for DR in patients with newly diagnosed diabetes (OR=0.592, p=0.004). When BMI was ≥28 kg/m2, heavy smoking was significantly associated with DR (OR=2.219, p=0.049), and there was a negative correlation between DR and the age of diagnosis of diabetes ≥60 years (OR=0.289, p=0.009). CONCLUSIONS Heavy smoking was an important related factor for DR in patients with newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus when BMI was ≥28 kg/m2. Delaying the age of diabetes might prevent the occurrence of DR. To elucidate the correlation, long-term cohort studies with large samples are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohu Hao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Tianjin Medical University), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital, Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin, China
- Metabolic Disease Management Center, Tianjin 4th Central Hospital, The 4th Central Hospital Affiliated to Nankai University, The 4th Center Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiao Huang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Tianjin Medical University), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital, Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin, China
| | - Yongzhang Qin
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Tianjin Medical University), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital, Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin, China
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Huanming Li
- Metabolic Disease Management Center, Tianjin 4th Central Hospital, The 4th Central Hospital Affiliated to Nankai University, The 4th Center Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Fengshi Tian
- Metabolic Disease Management Center, Tianjin 4th Central Hospital, The 4th Central Hospital Affiliated to Nankai University, The 4th Center Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Rong Xu
- Metabolic Disease Management Center, Tianjin 4th Central Hospital, The 4th Central Hospital Affiliated to Nankai University, The 4th Center Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Baocheng Chang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Tianjin Medical University), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital, Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin, China
| | - Hailin Shao
- Metabolic Disease Management Center, Tianjin 4th Central Hospital, The 4th Central Hospital Affiliated to Nankai University, The 4th Center Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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Prince C, Hammerton G, Taylor AE, Anderson EL, Timpson NJ, Davey Smith G, Munafò MR, Relton CL, Richmond RC. Investigating the impact of cigarette smoking behaviours on DNA methylation patterns in adolescence. Hum Mol Genet 2019; 28:155-165. [PMID: 30215712 PMCID: PMC6298233 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Smoking usually begins in adolescence, and early onset of smoking has been linked to increased risk of later life disease. There is a need to better understand the biological impact of cigarette smoking behaviours in adolescence. DNA methylation profiles related to smoking behaviours and cessation in adulthood have been previously identified, but alterations arising from smoking initiation have not been thoroughly investigated. We aimed to investigate DNA methylation in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children in relation to (1) different smoking measures, (2) time since smoking initiation and frequency of smoke exposure and (3) latent classes of smoking behaviour. Using 2620 CpG sites previously associated with cigarette smoking, we investigated DNA methylation change in relation to own smoking measures, smoke exposure duration and frequency, and using longitudinal latent class analysis of different smoking behaviour patterns in 968 adolescents. Eleven CpG sites located in seven gene regions were differentially methylated in relation to smoking in adolescence. While only AHRR (cg05575921) showed a robust pattern of methylation in relation to weekly smoking, several CpGs showed differences in methylation among individuals who had tried smoking compared with non-smokers. In relation to smoke exposure duration and frequency, cg05575921 showed a strong dose-response relationship, while there was evidence for more immediate methylation change at other sites. Our findings illustrate the impact of cigarette smoking behaviours on DNA methylation at some smoking-responsive CpG sites, even among individuals with a short smoking history.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gemma Hammerton
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Amy E Taylor
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Emma L Anderson
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Nicholas J Timpson
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - George Davey Smith
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Marcus R Munafò
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Tobacco and Alcohol Research Group, School of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Caroline L Relton
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Rebecca C Richmond
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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Borhanuddin B, Ahmad N, Shah SA, Murad NAA, Zakaria SZS, Kamaruddin MA, Jalal NA, Yusuf NAM, Patah AEA, Dauni A, Sallam WAFW, Jamal R. Association of job sectors with type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia and obesity: a cross-sectional study from the Malaysian Cohort (TMC) project. Int Health 2018; 10:382-390. [PMID: 29462329 PMCID: PMC6104700 DOI: 10.1093/inthealth/ihx075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The investigation of risk factors of cardiovascular disease (e.g., major endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases) across job sectors is useful for targeted public health intervention. This study examined the occurrence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), hypercholesterolemia and obesity in 21 job sectors in the general population. Methods A baseline cross-sectional analysis of the Malaysian Cohort was conducted, which included 105 391 adults. Multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted for these three diseases across 20 job sectors compared with the unemployed/homemaker sector. Results The prevalence of T2DM, hypercholesterolemia and obesity was 16.7%, 38.8% and 33.3%, respectively. The Accommodation & Food Service Activities and Transportation & Storage sectors had significantly higher odds for T2DM (adjusted [adj.] prevalence odds ratio [POR] 1.18, p=0.007 and adj. POR 1.15, p=0.008, respectively). No job sector had significantly higher odds for hypercholesterolemia compared with the unemployed/homemaker sector. Only the Accommodation & Food Service Activities sector had significantly higher odds for obesity (adj. POR 1.17, p≤0.001). Conclusions Many job sectors were significantly associated with lower odds of having these three diseases when compared with the unemployed/homemaker sector. These differing associations between diverse job sectors and these diseases are important for public health intervention initiatives and prioritization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boekhtiar Borhanuddin
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Norfazilah Ahmad
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shamsul Azhar Shah
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nor Azian Abdul Murad
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Syed Zulkifli Syed Zakaria
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Arman Kamaruddin
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nazihah Abd Jalal
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Ain Mhd Yusuf
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Afzan Effiza Abdul Patah
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Andri Dauni
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wan Ahmad Faisal Wan Sallam
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rahman Jamal
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Sull JW, Lee TY, Jee SH. Effect of smoking on the association of HHEX (rs5015480) with diabetes among Korean women and heavy smoking men. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2018; 19:68. [PMID: 29720110 PMCID: PMC5930756 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-018-0582-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Background Several genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for serum fasting glucose levels have reported HHEX as possibly causal. The objective of this study was to examine the joint effect of smoking on the association of diabetes with the HHEX rs5015480 polymorphism among Korean subjects. Methods This replication study included a total of 4240 individuals, and multivariate linear regression and multiple logistic regression models were used. We examined the combined effect of smoking on the relationship between HHEX rs5015480 and diabetes. Results The rs5015480 SNP in the HHEX gene was related to the mean FBS level (effect per allele, 1.572 mg/dL, p = 0.0122). Females with the CC genotype had a 2.68 times higher (range, 1.05–6.82 times) risk of diabetes than those with the TT/TC genotype. Although the association was stronger in female subjects (OR, 4.46; 95% CI, 1.15–17.3, p = 0.0304) among healthy individuals (N = 2461), the association between HHEX and diabetes was much stronger in male heavy smokers (OR, 4.03; 95% CI, 1.19–13.6, p = 0.0247) than in nonsmokers (p = 0.9709) and ex-smokers (p = 0.2399). The interaction of smoking was also statistically significant (P for interaction =0.0182). Conclusions This study clearly demonstrates that a genetic variant in HHEX influences fasting glucose levels in Korean women and male heavy smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Woong Sull
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Eulji University, Seongnam, South Korea.
| | - Tae Yong Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Ha Jee
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, Institute for Health Promotion, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
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Moon HJ, Lim JE, Jee SH. Association between serum concentrations of persistent organic pollutants and smoking in Koreans: A cross-sectional study. J Epidemiol 2016; 27:63-68. [PMID: 28142013 PMCID: PMC5328728 DOI: 10.1016/j.je.2016.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Studies on the associations between persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and smoking according to gender and smoking amount (cigarettes/day) are limited, and the results regarding the relationship between POPs and smoking are not completely consistent across studies. Objectives The smoking rate in Korea is one of the highest among the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries. We investigated the association between serum concentrations of POPs and cigarette smoking in Koreans by smoking status (never-smoker/ever-smoker) and smoking amount (cigarettes/day) according to gender. Methods Serum concentrations of 32 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and 19 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) were measured in 401 participants (232 men and 169 women) who received health examinations during the Korean Cancer Prevention Study-II. We compared POP levels in ever-smokers and never-smokers and conducted multivariate logistic regression analyses to identify associations between POPs and smoking. Results Among women, the concentrations of PCB 156, PCB 167, and PCB 180 were significantly higher in ever-smokers than in never-smokers. After adjustments for age, body mass index, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, and alcohol intake, serum PCB 157 concentration was positively associated with male ever-smokers (OR 2.26; 95% CI, 1.01–5.04). In addition, trans-nonachlordane in OCPs as well as PCBs was significantly positively related with female ever-smokers (OR 3.21; 95% CI, 1.04–9.86). We found that subjects who smoked fewer than 15 cigarettes/day had a higher risk of having high POP concentrations than never-smokers. Conclusions These results indicate that smoking may be associated with human serum POPs levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Jung Moon
- Institute for Health Promotion & Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Eun Lim
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Ha Jee
- Institute for Health Promotion & Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Changes in living arrangement, daily smoking, and risky drinking initiation among young Swiss men: a longitudinal cohort study. Public Health 2016; 140:119-127. [PMID: 27558957 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2016.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to assess the association between changes in living arrangement and the initiation of daily smoking and monthly risky single-occasion drinking (RSOD) in a cohort of young Swiss men. STUDY DESIGN Longitudinal cohort study. METHODS The sample consisted of 4662 young men drawn from the Cohort Study on Substance Use Risk Factors who lived with their family at baseline. Follow-up assessments occurred 15 months later. Multiple regression models were adjusted for individual and family factors (family model), as well as for individual and peer-related factors (peer model). RESULTS Relative to those still living with their parents at follow-up (n = 3845), those who had moved out (n = 817) were considerably more likely to have taken up smoking or RSOD after adjusting for several individual, family, and peer-related variables: OR (daily smoking) = 1.67 (95% CI 1.15-2.41) (P = 0.007) and OR (monthly RSOD) = 1.42 (95% CI 1.08-1.88) (P = 0.012). The strongest family-related predictors of smoking initiation were family structure and the lack of parental regulation and the strongest peer-related factors alcohol/drug problems in peers. Meanwhile, the strongest peer-related predictors of RSOD initiation were peer pressure (misconduct), perceived social support from friends, and perceived social support from a significant other, whereas family factors were not associated with RSOD initiation. Further subanalyses were conducted to examine the impact of different living arrangement changes on substance use initiation and revealed that living with peers at follow-up was associated with the greatest risk. CONCLUSIONS We identified a strong association between moving out of one's parents' home and daily smoking and monthly RSOD initiation in young Swiss men. Moving out to live with peers was an especially strong predictor of substance use initiation. Campaigns that aim to prevent heavy smoking and drinking should be intensified at the end of obligatory school.
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Schnier C, Wild S, Kurdi Z, Povey C, Goldberg DJ, Hutchinson SJ. Matched population-based study examining the risk of type 2 diabetes in people with and without diagnosed hepatitis C virus infection. J Viral Hepat 2016; 23:596-605. [PMID: 26910297 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.12520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Meta-analyses have found hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection to be associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Here, we examine this association within a large population-based study, according to HCV RNA status. A data-linkage approach was used to examine the excess risk of diagnosed T2DM in people diagnosed with antibodies to HCV (anti-HCV) in Scotland (21 929 anti-HCV(+ves) ; involving 15 827 HCV RNA(+ves) , 3927 HCV RNA(-ves) and 2175 with unknown RNA-status) compared to that of a threefold larger general population sample matched for gender, age and postcode (65 074 anti-HCV(-ves) ). To investigate effects of ascertainment bias the following periods were studied: up to 1 year before (pre-HCV)/within 1 year of (peri-HCV)/more than 1 year post (post-HCV) the date of HCV-diagnosis. T2DM had been diagnosed in 2.9% of anti-HCV(+ves) (including 3.2% of HCV RNA(+ves) and 2.3% of HCV RNA(-ves) ) and 2.7% of anti-HCV(-ves) . A higher proportion of T2DM was diagnosed in the peri-HCV period (i.e. around the time of HCV-diagnosis) for the anti-HCV(+ves) (22%) compared to anti-HCV(-ves) (10%). In both the pre-HCV and post-HCV periods, only those anti-HCV(+ves) living in less deprived areas (13% of the cohort) were found to have a significant excess risk of T2DM compared to anti-HCV(-ves) (adjusted odds ratio in the pre-HCV period: 4.0 for females and 2.3 for males; adjusted hazard ratio in the post-HCV period: 1.5). These findings were similarly observed for both HCV RNA(+ves) (chronic) and HCV RNA(-ves) (resolved). In the largest study of T2DM among chronic HCV-infected individuals to date, there was no evidence to indicate that infection conveyed an appreciable excess risk of T2DM at the population level.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Schnier
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK.,Health Protection Scotland, Glasgow, UK
| | - S Wild
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Z Kurdi
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - C Povey
- Information Services Division, NHS National Services Scotland, Edinburgh, UK
| | - D J Goldberg
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK.,Health Protection Scotland, Glasgow, UK
| | - S J Hutchinson
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK.,Health Protection Scotland, Glasgow, UK
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12
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Khademi N, Babanejad M, Najafi F, Nikbakht MR, Hamzeh B, Mohammadi N. Tobacco Use and its Relationship with Health Complaints Among Employees of Kermanshah Province, Iran. Int J Prev Med 2016; 7:71. [PMID: 27226894 PMCID: PMC4872545 DOI: 10.4103/2008-7802.181757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Identifying the pattern of tobacco use and its related factors in employees is crucial. This study aimed to investigate the pattern of tobacco use and its related factors in employees of Kermanshah Province, Iran. Methods: In 2012, 7129 employees were investigated in a cross-sectional study using the census method. Data on tobacco use and on several chronic diseases obtained using a standardized questionnaire on noncommunicable diseases risk factors of the World Health Organization through face-to-face interviews. Statistical analysis was performed based on the Chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression. Results: In general, the prevalence of tobacco use, smoking cigarettes, and smoking waterpipe was 9.9%, 8.9%, and 1.2% among the employees, respectively. Tobacco use was significantly higher in the age group over 40 (14.0%), in male gender (13.3%), in married individuals (10.8%) and in those with diploma and lower degree (16.4%), (P < 0.001). At the individual level, the odds ratio of tobacco use was 1.5 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.2–1.8) in hypertensive, 1.8 (95% CI: 1.2–2.6) in diabetic employees and 1.7 (95% CI: 1.3–2.3) in those with heart diseases, compared to healthy individuals. After adjusting for age, gender, marital status and educational level, there was not any significant relationship between tobacco use and health complaints and only the demographic variables remained significant. Conclusions: Preventive public health policies are mandatory especially in younger ages and male employees to promote their knowledge on disadvantages of tobacco use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahid Khademi
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mehran Babanejad
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Farid Najafi
- Kermanshah Health Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Nikbakht
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Behrooz Hamzeh
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Nasrin Mohammadi
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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Abstract
Diseases once associated with older adulthood, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, are increasingly diagnosed in children and adolescents. Interventions designed to assist adults in modifying dietary and physical activity habits have been shown to help prevent the development of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease in adults. Given the unfortunate rise in both of these diseases in pediatric populations, it is increasingly important to begin prevention efforts in childhood or prenatally. There is strong empirical support for utilizing lifestyle interventions to prevent these diseases in adults; it is not clear whether the same holds true for pediatric populations. The present review examines lifestyle management efforts to prevent type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease in children across socioecological levels. Recommendations are made for expanding the traditional focus of lifestyle interventions from dietary and physical activity behaviors to target additional risks for these diseases such as smoking and depression in youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothy J. Van Buren
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Campus Box 8134, 660 South Euclid, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Tiffany L. Tibbs
- School of Advanced Studies and College of Social Sciences, University of Phoenix, 3157 E. Elwood St., Phoenix, AZ 85034 USA
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