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Collar AL, Clarke TN, Jamus AN, Frietze KM. Ensuring equity with pre-clinical planning for chlamydia vaccines. NPJ Vaccines 2023; 8:131. [PMID: 37673890 PMCID: PMC10482967 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-023-00726-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) remains the most common bacterial sexually transmitted pathogen worldwide, causing significant morbidity particularly among women, including pelvic inflammatory disease, ectopic pregnancy, and infertility. Several vaccines are advancing through pre-clinical and clinical development, and it is likely that one or more vaccines will progress into human efficacy trials soon. In this Perspective, we present a case for considering the challenges of Ct vaccine development through a lens of equity and justice. These challenges include the need to protect against multiple serovars, in both females and males, at multiple anatomic sites, and in resource poor areas of the world. We propose that early consideration of vaccine implementation by conducting community-engaged research will ensure that a scientifically sound chlamydia vaccine promotes equity, justice, and shared-gendered responsibility for STI prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L Collar
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Tegan N Clarke
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Andzoa N Jamus
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Kathryn M Frietze
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
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Temmann LJ, Wiedicke A, Schaller S, Scherr S, Reifegerste D. A Systematic Review of Responsibility Frames and Their Effects in the Health Context. JOURNAL OF HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2021; 26:828-838. [PMID: 35050839 DOI: 10.1080/10810730.2021.2020381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Responsibility frames potentially shape the public perception of health issues such as obesity, diabetes, or mental illness, specifically regarding responsibility attributions for their causes and treatment. Which responsibility frames prevail in the health context, and the responses they may elicit from audiences, has not been studied systematically. This systematic review includes studies with different methodological approaches published between 2004 and 2019 (N = 68). Content analyses (n = 56) show that different media attribute health responsibility most frequently, but not exclusively to individuals. Individual responsibility was especially emphasized for obesity, which was also the most studied health issue. Tendencies toward societal attributions of responsibility emerged over time, particularly regarding health risks for which the frames describe a specific cause (e.g., sugar, trans-fat). Experimental studies (n = 12) indicate that individual responsibility frames reduce policy support. The effects of responsibility frames were, however, not as clear-cut as expected with research gaps regarding behavioral and affective outcomes. Overall, there is a clear emphasis on noncommunicable diseases in this field. Finally, the conceptual focus on individual vs. societal health responsibility distracts from social network influences as another relevant health determinant. The implications for health communication are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linn Julia Temmann
- Bielefeld School of Public Health, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Annemarie Wiedicke
- Bielefeld School of Public Health, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Sophia Schaller
- Institute for Media and Communication Science, Ilmenau, Germany
| | - Sebastian Scherr
- Department of Communication, Texas A&m University, College Station, United States
| | - Doreen Reifegerste
- Bielefeld School of Public Health, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
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Klein V, Brunner F, Grabowski M, Turner D. Stigma Surrounding Sexually Transmitted Infections among Medical Students in Germany. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2021; 58:129-136. [PMID: 32500718 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2020.1763238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Stigmatization by health care professionals leads to decreased help-seeking behaviors in those being stigmatized. Prejudicial attitudes are especially pronounced concerning sexually transmitted infections (STIs), which is crucial in light of rising prevalence rates of STIs in recent years. We aimed to examine stigmatization against patients with sexually versus non-sexually transmitted infections among medical students in Germany. We also assessed how a person's sexual orientation or gender might contribute to stigma. Medical students (N = 332) read about a fictious patient with symptoms of pharyngitis after having had a casual sex encounter. Gender (female/male) and sexual orientation (hetero-/bi-/homosexual) of the patient as well as the pathogen causing the infection (gonococcus/H1N1-virus) were randomly varied. Afterwards, stigma against the patient was assessed. Patients with a gonococcal pharyngitis were perceived as more prone to engage in risky behavior, dumber, and less responsible than patients with a H1N1-virus pharyngitis. Bisexual patients were perceived as more prone to engage in risky behavior than hetero- and homosexual individuals. The predictability of the consequences of the patient's actions was rated higher in bisexual patients. Stigmatizing attitudes toward patients with a STI were frequent, especially against bisexual patients. More education should be dedicated to sexual/LGB health during medical school to reduce existing stigma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Klein
- Institute for Sex Research, Sexual Medicine and Forensic Psychiatry, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf
| | - Franziska Brunner
- Institute for Sex Research, Sexual Medicine and Forensic Psychiatry, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf
| | - Max Grabowski
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz
| | - Daniel Turner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz
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Leavy JE, Jancey J, Hall C, Nimmo L, Crawford G. "A content analysis of news media coverage of drowning events in Western Australia over two summers, 2014-2016". Health Promot J Austr 2019; 31:192-198. [PMID: 31177604 DOI: 10.1002/hpja.267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
ISSUE ADDRESSED Drowning is a leading cause of death globally. Opportunities to promote drowning prevention in news media may be overlooked for attention-grabbing headlines, imagery and narrative. This study examines news media coverage of fatal drowning events in Western Australia (WA). METHODS Coronial fatal drowning data in WA were extracted for two summer time periods (2014-2016) by date, age, gender, location and description. Corresponding print and online news articles were captured using: (i) Media Alert; (ii) Google News; (iii) Factiva. A content and frame analysis protocol was developed. A qualitative approach was taken to analyse the news angle. A subgroup analysis was undertaken for drowning focused articles. RESULTS The final sample (n = 50) news articles matched 17 individual drowning events (T1, n = 9; T2, n = 8). Drowning stories rarely appeared on page 1 (n = 2), but were located in the first 2-10 pages (n = 20) (66.6%). In the subanalysis, one-fifth (22%) of the articles employed a news angle relating to community spirit and celebration of life. There were 32 mentions of "who was responsible for the drowning event." Environmental factors were most cited for "what was responsible" (20.4%). Experts were cited in 66.7% of articles and drowning prevention strategies were mentioned in nine of the 50 articles. CONCLUSION Drowning was considered newsworthy; however, not the front page news. Reporting infrequently prioritised drowning prevention or discussed prevention strategies. SO WHAT?: Working closely with news outlets to embed drowning prevention messages in news stories during high-risk periods such as summer is an imperative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine E Leavy
- Collaboration for Evidence, Research and Impact in Public Health, School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Jonine Jancey
- Collaboration for Evidence, Research and Impact in Public Health, School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Carmen Hall
- Collaboration for Evidence, Research and Impact in Public Health, School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Lauren Nimmo
- Royal Life Saving Society Western Australia Inc., Floreat Forum, Australia
| | - Gemma Crawford
- Collaboration for Evidence, Research and Impact in Public Health, School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
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Sydor A. An interpretative phenomenological analysis of young men's experiences of addressing their sexual health and the importance of researcher reflexivity. J Res Nurs 2019; 24:36-46. [PMID: 34394503 DOI: 10.1177/1744987118818865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Incidence of sexually transmitted infections has increased in both young men and young women. Young men do not access sexual health services in the same numbers as young women, this study sought to discover young men's experiences. Aims This paper reports one overarching theme from an interpretative phenomenological study that sought to discover the experiences of young males (aged 20-24) addressing or failing to address their sexual health. Owing to the sensitive subject under investigation, these participants were hard to reach for research purposes. Methods This study used interpretative phenomenological analysis and the researcher was a young female (aged 20-30), in contrast with participants. This affected data collection and analysis so the importance of reflexivity in interpretative phenomenological analysis is discussed here. Results Six superordinate themes were identified: sexual health knowledge and attitudes; feelings about masculinities; communication; feelings about healthcare; feelings about working; and keeping fit. From these, three overarching themes were developed, these reflect the depth of data analysis undertaken. One of these themes, the 'hidden moral code', and the importance of researcher reflexivity in its identification are discussed here. Conclusions It is suggested that interpretative phenomenological analysis is a particularly suitable method for nursing research, which allows and embraces the influence and attributes of the researcher. This paper considers one superordinate theme in depth, chosen because the researcher's attributes are a significant factor in its recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Sydor
- Lecturer, School of Healthcare sciences, Cardiff University, UK
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Floegel D, Costello KL. Entertainment media and the information practices of queer individuals. LIBRARY & INFORMATION SCIENCE RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lisr.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Liu T, Fuller J, Hutton A, Grant J. Congruity and Divergence in Perceptions of Adolescent Romantic Experience Between Chinese Parents and Adolescents. JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/0743558418775364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This qualitative research article explored the convergences and divergences of perceptions of adolescent romantic experience between a group of adolescents and parents in China. One-to-one, in-depth interviews were conducted with 38 adolescents (aged 15-18 years; 26 girls, 12 boys) and 27 parents (aged 40-52 years; 16 mothers, 11 fathers) from the urban areas of a northern Chinese city. Data analysis was conducted using thematic analysis and interpreted using a socio-ecological approach. Four major themes were identified: opportunities and risks, acceptable versus unacceptable sexual intimacy, generational difference, and girls’ vulnerability and “self-respect.” In these themes, congruity and divergence of perceptions were found between the groups of adolescents and parents. These perceptions were largely influenced by traditional cultural beliefs of education, sexuality, gender, and family as well as the current socio-cultural context of modernization and globalization in China. The findings provide implications regarding how to support both adolescents and parents in managing adolescent romantic experience for adolescent health-promoting romantic and sexual behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Liu
- Qingdao University, Shandong, China
| | - Jeffrey Fuller
- Flinders University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | | | - Julian Grant
- Flinders University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
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Humphries B, Radice M, Lauzier S. Comparing "insider" and "outsider" news coverage of the 2014 Ebola outbreak. Canadian Journal of Public Health 2017; 108:e381-e387. [PMID: 29120309 PMCID: PMC6972419 DOI: 10.17269/cjph.108.5904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Information provided by news media during an infectious disease outbreak can affect the actions taken to safeguard public health. There has been little evaluation of how the content of news published during an outbreak varies by location of the news outlet. This study analyzes coverage of the 2014 Ebola outbreak by one news outlet operating within a country affected by the outbreak and one country not directly affected. METHODS A qualitative content analysis was conducted of articles published in two national news outlets, The Globe and Mail (Canada) and the Vanguard (Nigeria), between January 1 and December 31, 2014. Articles available through LexisNexis Academic were sorted by date and sampled using a stratified sampling method (The Globe and Mail n = 100; Vanguard n = 105). A coding scheme was developed and modified to incorporate emerging themes until saturation was achieved. RESULTS There were substantial differences in outbreak coverage in terms of the topic and content of the articles, as well as the sources consulted. The Globe and Mail framed the outbreak in terms of national security and national interests, as well as presenting it as an international humanitarian crisis. In contrast, the Vanguard framed the outbreak almost exclusively in terms of public health. CONCLUSION Our findings highlight how different geographic contexts can shape reporting on the same event. Further research is required to investigate how the political, social or economic situations of a country shape its news media, potentially influencing actions taken to control disease outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany Humphries
- Department of Sociology and Social Anthropology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval, Quebec, QC; Population Health and Optimal Health Practices Research Unit, CHU de Quebec - Université Laval Research Centre, Quebec, QC.
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Liu T, Fuller J, Hutton A, Grant J. Consequence-based communication about adolescent romantic experience between parents and adolescents: A qualitative study underpinned by social constructionism. Nurs Health Sci 2017; 19:176-182. [PMID: 28233404 DOI: 10.1111/nhs.12335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Chinese adolescents are increasingly engaging in romantic experiences and high-risk sexual behaviors within a rapidly-changing cultural and socio-economic context. Parental communication about sexuality has been recognized as protective for adolescents to make informed decisions about sexual practice. In this study, we explored what was discussed about adolescent romantic experience between parents and adolescents in China. Twenty-seven parents and 38 adolescents from a northern-eastern city of China were interviewed. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and thematically analyzed using a social constructionism framework. Four themes were identified: (i) detriments of romantic experience to education and future prospect; (ii) health and sociocultural risks of romantic and sexual engagement; (iii) ways of handling romantic experience; and (iv) marriage and family building. The messages were mainly prohibitive and consequence oriented in nature, and lacked specific romantic and sexual information. These messages reflected sociocultural beliefs in education, sexuality, marriage, and family in China, but did not meet the needs of current adolescents. External support from health professionals, such as nurses, is important for parents and adolescents to improve their sexual knowledge and communication skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Liu
- School of Nursing, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jeffrey Fuller
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Alison Hutton
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Julian Grant
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Ubillos S, Goiburu E, Puente A, Pizarro JP. Adaptation and validation of the Double Standard Scale in Basque adolescents / Adaptación y validación de la Escala de Doble Estándar en adolescentes vascas-os. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/02134748.2016.1152683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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