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Bennetter KE, Waage CW, Jenum AK, Vøllestad NK, Robinson HS, Richardsen KR. Cross-Cultural Contact and Norwegian Language Skills Among Ethnic Minority Women in Norway, and Relationship with Physical Activity in Pregnancy and Postpartum: The STORK-Groruddalen Cohort Study. J Immigr Minor Health 2024; 26:63-71. [PMID: 37639042 PMCID: PMC10771598 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-023-01535-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
There are few studies of the migration context factors and physical activity (PA) level among minority ethnic women in Europe. We investigated the association between migration context factors and moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) among minority ethnic women. Objectively recorded MVPA were obtained from 487 minority ethnic women included in the STORK-Groruddalen Cohort Study at three time points in pregnancy/postpartum. We investigated the associations between (a) contact with ethnic Norwegians and (b) Norwegian language skills and. No associations were observed in pregnancy. Postpartum, women who reported contact with ethnic Norwegians accumulated 17 MVPA min/day (95% CI: -.60, 34.54) more than women with no contact. In complete case analyses, this difference was significant (27 MVPA min/day (95% CI: 8.60, 44.54)). In early postpartum women with contact with ethnic Norwegians seems to be more physically active than women without contact. No associations were observed in pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Elisabeth Bennetter
- Institute of Health and Society, Department of General Practice, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Box 1130, 0318, Blindern, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Christin Wiegels Waage
- Institute of Health and Society, Department of General Practice, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Box 1130, 0318, Blindern, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Science, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne Karen Jenum
- Institute of Health and Society, Department of General Practice, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Box 1130, 0318, Blindern, Oslo, Norway
- General Practice Research Unit (AFE), Department of General Practice, Institute of Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nina Køpke Vøllestad
- Institute of Health and Society, Department of Interdisciplinary Health Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hilde Stendal Robinson
- Institute of Health and Society, Department of Interdisciplinary Health Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kåre Rønn Richardsen
- Institute of Health and Society, Department of General Practice, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Box 1130, 0318, Blindern, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Science, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
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Wang Q, Dowsey MM, Woodward-Kron R, O'Brien P, Hawke L, Bunzli S. Physical activity amongst culturally and linguistically diverse communities in Australia: a scoping review. ETHNICITY & HEALTH 2023; 28:1195-1220. [PMID: 37271830 DOI: 10.1080/13557858.2023.2219874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Australia's overseas-born population continues to grow. This population is disproportionately affected by chronic, non-communicable diseases. Physical activity is the cornerstone of all chronic disease management. Engaging people from culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) backgrounds in physical activity is an important public health objective. The purpose of this scoping review was to examine the factors that shape physical activity participation among people from CALD backgrounds in Australia. METHODS This scoping review followed Arksey and O'Malley's framework. Medline, Embase and CINAHL were searched with key words relating to 'physical activity', 'CALD' and 'Australia' in July 2021 and again in February 2022 for qualitative studies published in English since 2000. Exclusion criteria were: participants < 18 years old, studies specifically focusing on populations with health issues, pregnant or postpartum states. Methodological quality of included studies was evaluated using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme with the purpose of informing future research. Data extracted from each study were analysed thematically and results were interpreted using Acculturation theory. RESULTS Of the 1130 studies, 17 met the inclusion criteria. Findings from each study were captured in three themes: Perceptions of physical activity; Acceptability and Appropriateness; and Access. Following migration, a decrease in physical activity, especially leisure-time activity, was reported. Common factors influencing physical activity engagement included perceptions of physical activity and wellbeing; language, financial and environmental barriers; as well as social, cultural, and religious considerations. CONCLUSION This review identified several factors which may interact and contribute to the decline in self-reported physical activity upon migration. Findings from this review may be used to inform future health promotion initiatives targeting people from CALD backgrounds. Future research may benefit from devising a shared definition of physical activity and studying different CALD communities over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiwei Wang
- Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Michelle M Dowsey
- Department of Surgery, St Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Robyn Woodward-Kron
- Department of Medical Education, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Penny O'Brien
- Department of Surgery, St Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Lyndon Hawke
- Department of Surgery, St Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Samantha Bunzli
- Department of Surgery, St Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- School of Health Sciences and Social Work, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia
- Physiotherapy Department, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Queensland, Australia
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Checa JC, Arjona Á, Monserrat M, Salguero D. Leisure Behavior of Young Immigrants in Andalusia (Spain): The Process of Acculturation through Physical Activities and Sport. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:580. [PMID: 35010840 PMCID: PMC8744795 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19010580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to understand the role that physical activity and sport plays during leisure time (LTPAS) in the social integration of young immigrants (Africans, Latin-Americans, and Eastern Europeans) in Andalusia, Spain. Method: With this aim, Physical Activity and Sport Acculturation Index (PASAI) data were collected through a survey of the immigrant population aged 15-20. The final sample consists of 440 surveys. The average age was 17.6 (SD = 2.9). 48.4% of them were men, 72% were single, and 72.8% had secondary-level studies. In terms of generation, the second-generation population represented 25.8% of the total, the 1.5 generation 43.5%, and the first generation 30.7%. The questionnaire was voluntarily answered by immigrant students in classrooms and was completed in the second stage via random surveys of residential areas to cover the quota of age and origin. A regression analysis was applied in two phases, generating two models. The first included independent socio-demographic variables; the second included structural variables. Results: First, the results show that immigrants have a low participation rate in physical activity and sport during their leisure time. Second, generation and origin are the main variables that predict variation in physical and sport participation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Checa
- Department of Geography, History and Humanities, Faculty of Humanities, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain;
| | - Ángeles Arjona
- Department of Geography, History and Humanities, Faculty of Humanities, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain;
| | - Montserrat Monserrat
- Social and Cultural Anthropology Laboratory, Faculty of Humanities, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain;
| | - Darío Salguero
- Department of Education, Faculty of Education, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain;
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Sauter A, Kikhia S, Loss J. Influences on the physical activity of Syrian migrants in Germany: results of a qualitative study. Health Promot Int 2021; 37:6348052. [PMID: 34379773 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daab132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the ongoing Syrian conflict, Syrian migrants represent the third-largest group of immigrants in Germany. They are, therefore, potential addressees for health-promotion programs, such as physical activity (PA). Thus, this study aimed to explore the relevance of PA, how PA may change with increasing length of stay and what are the facilitators and barriers of PA in the host country. Using a longitudinal, qualitative study design, 30 semi-standardized qualitative interviews with Syrian migrants were conducted in 2018 and 17 migrants could be followed-up after 12 months in 2019 and were asked for changes in their PA-behavior. Interviews were conducted in German, English or Arabic, transcribed and translated into English if necessary. For analysis, an abbreviated version of the Grounded Theory was used. We identified three PA phases that Syrian immigrants underwent during their first years in Germany. Phase 1 includes bureaucratic matters. Health-promoting behaviors, such as PA, are not relevant. Phase 2 comprises the establishment of basic structures. PA can gain importance and (new) behaviors can be established. In Phase 3, immigrants feel under pressure to successfully complete an (academic) education in Germany. Feelings toward PA can become ambivalent. Overall, health-promoting behaviors, such as PA, are often of secondary priority and factors influencing PA are heterogeneous not only on an individual but also societal and institutional level. PA-programs should be advertised bilingually, offered low-threshold and at low cost in order to reach the target group. In addition, there is a high demand for mental health services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Sauter
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Medical Sociology, University of Regensburg, Dr.-Gessler-Straße 17, 93051 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Salma Kikhia
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Medical Sociology, University of Regensburg, Dr.-Gessler-Straße 17, 93051 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Julika Loss
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Medical Sociology, University of Regensburg, Dr.-Gessler-Straße 17, 93051 Regensburg, Germany
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Cramm JM, Nieboer AP. Acculturation is associated with older Turkish immigrants' self-management abilities. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:1228. [PMID: 31488086 PMCID: PMC6727562 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-7471-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The few previous studies investigating acculturation and self-management have suggested that increased participation in (or adaptation to) the host culture is associated with better health and disease management. However, research on the relationship between acculturation strategies (attachment to the Dutch and Turkish cultures) and broader self-management abilities among older Turkish immigrants in the Netherlands is lacking. This study aimed to investigate this relationship in this population. METHODS Turkish immigrants aged > 65 years and residing in Rotterdam, the Netherlands (n = 2350), were identified using the municipal register. In total, 680 respondents completed the questionnaire (32% response rate). RESULTS The average age of the respondents was 72.90 (standard deviation, 5.02; range, 66-95) years and 47.6% of respondents were women. The majority (80.3%) of respondents reported having low educational levels. Women, single individuals, less-educated respondents, and those with multimorbidity experienced lower levels of attachment to the Dutch culture and reported poorer self-management abilities. Slightly stronger relationships were found between self-management and attachment to the Dutch culture than attachment to the Turkish culture. Multimorbidity negatively affected the self-management abilities of older Turkish people living in the Netherlands. CONCLUSIONS The study findings indicate that especially attachment to the Dutch culture matters for the self-management abilities of older Turkish immigrants in the Netherlands. Given the high prevalence of multimorbidity in this population, investment in their self-management abilities is expected to be beneficial. Special attention is needed for women, single individuals, less-educated people, and those with multimorbidity. Interventions aiming to better integrate these groups into Dutch society are also expected to be beneficial for their self-management abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane M Cramm
- Department of Social Medical Sciences, Erasmus School of Health Policy and Management, Erasmus University Rotterdam, P.O. Box 1738, 3000, Rotterdam, DR, The Netherlands.
| | - Anna P Nieboer
- Department of Social Medical Sciences, Erasmus School of Health Policy and Management, Erasmus University Rotterdam, P.O. Box 1738, 3000, Rotterdam, DR, The Netherlands
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Langøien LJ, Terragni L, Rugseth G, Nicolaou M, Holdsworth M, Stronks K, Lien N, Roos G. Systematic mapping review of the factors influencing physical activity and sedentary behaviour in ethnic minority groups in Europe: a DEDIPAC study. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2017; 14:99. [PMID: 28738832 PMCID: PMC5525226 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-017-0554-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Physical activity and sedentary behaviour are associated with health and wellbeing. Studies indicate that ethnic minority groups are both less active and more sedentary than the majority population and that factors influencing these behaviours may differ. Mapping the factors influencing physical activity and sedentary behaviour among ethnic minority groups living in Europe can help to identify determinants of physical activity and sedentary behaviour, research gaps and guide future research. Methods A systematic mapping review was conducted to map the factors associated with physical activity and sedentary behaviour among ethnic minority groups living in Europe (protocol PROSPERO ID = CRD42014014575). Six databases were searched for quantitative and qualitative research published between 1999 and 2014. In synthesizing the findings, all factors were sorted and structured into clusters following a data driven approach and concept mapping. Results Sixty-three articles were identified out of 7794 returned by the systematic search. These included 41 quantitative and 22 qualitative studies. Of these 58 focused on physical activity, 5 on both physical activity and sedentary behaviour and none focused on sedentary behaviour. The factors associated with physical activity and sedentary behaviour were grouped into eight clusters. Social & cultural environment (n = 55) and Psychosocial (39) were the clusters containing most factors, followed by Physical environment & accessibility (33), Migration context (15), Institutional environment (14), Social & material resources (12), Health and health communication (12), Political environment (3). An important finding was that cultural and religious issues, in particular those related to gender issues, were recurring factors across the clusters. Conclusion Physical activity and sedentary behaviour among ethnic minority groups living in Europe are influenced by a wide variety of factors, especially informed by qualitative studies. More comparative studies are needed as well as inclusion of a wider spectrum of the diverse ethnic minority groups resettled in different European countries. Few studies have investigated factors influencing sedentary behaviour. It is important in the future to address specific factors influencing physical activity and sedentary behaviour among different ethnic minority groups in order to plan and implement effective interventions. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12966-017-0554-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Terragni
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gro Rugseth
- Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mary Nicolaou
- Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Michelle Holdsworth
- Public Health Section, School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Karien Stronks
- Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Nanna Lien
- Department of Nutrition, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gun Roos
- Consumption Research Norway - SIFO, Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, Oslo, Norway.
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Étémé G, Girard A, Massé JC, Sercia P. Do acculturation strategies have impacts on the self-declared health, well-being and lifestyle of first-generation allophone immigrants in Montreal, Canada? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MIGRATION, HEALTH AND SOCIAL CARE 2016. [DOI: 10.1108/ijmhsc-06-2014-0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to understand to what extent, the process of acculturation and the strategies which ensue from it can affect the self-declared health as regards the lifestyle, the physical activity, the diet and the well-being of first-generation immigrants living in the Montreal region (Quebec, Canada).
Design/methodology/approach
– A supervised survey was administered to adult allophones immigrants attending French-language courses, autumn 2011 (506 valid surveys). The authors discuss the concept and the validation of their acculturation model and its relevance in regard of the purposes of the research.
Findings
– The indicator allowed to clearly identify three groups that differentiate on numerous variables of the survey. Independently of the acculturations strategies adopted by the respondents, the authors observe a deterioration of the self-declared overall state of health, development of sedentary living, a fairly high level of stress and depressive episode within the entire sample. However, the group isolated as “retention” has consistently the lowest scores on all these variables. In terms of public health and health social inequalities issues these results are worrisome. The “assimilation” group have the highest scores and the “integration” group consistently shows and intermediate “balancing” position.
Originality/value
– The authors claim that the strategies of acculturation are not always the expression of a free will. They are also the product of constraints specific to the host society and are just as much the result of the pre-migratory socialization. This is especially the case of the “retention” group and more specifically of women. The negative effects of social, cultural and economic constraints of the host society on overall health, well-being and lifestyle as well as adaptation strategies should be monitored in a more systematic manner in recent immigrant populations and be specifically addressed in immigrant integration policies and programmes.
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Koca C, Lapa TY. Analysis of physical activity and acculturation among Turkish migrants in Germany and England (.). Percept Mot Skills 2014; 119:698-716. [PMID: 25387040 DOI: 10.2466/06.pms.119c29z7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Recent literature shows that migrant populations in Western countries are generally less physically active than their host populations. The purpose of the present study was to expand research investigating associations between physical activity (PA) and acculturation and their relationship with several socio-demographic factors among Turkish migrants in Germany and England. The sample consisted of 521 Turkish migrants. Migrant generation, length of residence, and language proficiency were used as indicators of acculturation. Acculturation was not associated with PA among migrants in Germany and England. PA of migrants was significantly associated with migrant's host country, age, sex, marital status, and education. The total PA of migrants in Germany was higher than that of migrants in England; the large majority of females in both Germany and England had low PA, whereas most males had moderate PA. Seemingly, PA in Turkish migrant populations will not necessarily increase as a result of greater acculturation to the host society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canan Koca
- 1 Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hacettepe University, Beytepe, Ankara, Turkey
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Martin L, Oepen J, Reinehr T, Wabitsch M, Claussnitzer G, Waldeck E, Ingrisch S, Stachow R, Oelert M, Wiegand S, Holl R. Ethnicity and cardiovascular risk factors: evaluation of 40,921 normal-weight, overweight or obese children and adolescents living in Central Europe. Int J Obes (Lond) 2014; 39:45-51. [PMID: 25214149 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2014.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Revised: 08/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major global health problem and the leading cause of death in Europe. Risk factors such as obesity and hypertension that accelerate the development of CVD begin in childhood. Ethnicity is a known risk factor for CVD in adults. The aim of this study is to explore differences in the prevalence of hypertension and dyslipidemia among overweight/obese and normal-weight children/adolescents of three different ethnic origins living in Central Europe. METHODS AND PROCEDURES Prevalence of hypertension and dyslipidemia was calculated among obese/overweight children/adolescents (n = 25,986; mean age 12.7 ± 3.0 years; range: 0-18 years; 46% males) documented in the German-Austrian-Swiss APV (Prospective Documentation of Overweight Children and Adolescents) registry and among normal-weight subjects (n = 14,935; mean age: 8.8 ± 5.1 years; range 0-18 years; 51% males) from the population-based cross-sectional German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS) study. In both cohorts, subjects were categorized into three ethnic groups (Central European: Germany, Austria, Switzerland; Southeastern European: Turkish; Southern European: Spain, Portugal, Italy, Greece, Cyprus, Malta) based on the country of birth of both parents. Regression models were used to examine ethnic differences after adjustment for age and gender and body mass index (BMI) category. RESULTS Age-, gender- and BMI category-adjusted prevalence of hypertension were 38% and 39% for the ethnic minority groups, compared with 35% among German/Austrian/Swiss counterparts. Turkish ethnicity was significantly associated with hypertension (odds ratio (OR) 1.14; 95% confidence interval: 1.02-1.27; P = 0.0446). No significant ethnic differences were found in lipid levels. Prevalence of hypertension found among normal-weight subjects (Central European vs Southeastern vs Southern European: 6.8% vs 6.3% vs 7.2%) did not differ significantly. CONCLUSIONS Turkish obese/overweight children/adolescents showed a significantly higher prevalence of hypertension relative to their peers of Central European descent. No significant ethnic difference in the prevalence of hypertension was found among normal-weight children/adolescents. The high prevalence of hypertension among Turkish obese/overweight children/adolescents indicates the need for greater preventive and therapeutic efforts to reduce cardiovascular risk factors among vulnerable populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Martin
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Charité Children's Hospital, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - J Oepen
- Viktoriastift Bad Kreuznach, Rehabilitation Clinic for Children and Adolescents, Bad Kreuznach, Germany
| | - T Reinehr
- Vestische Children's Hospital, University of Witten/Herdecke, Datteln, Germany
| | - M Wabitsch
- Divison of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Obesity Unit, University Children's Hospital, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - G Claussnitzer
- Spessart-Klinik, Rehabilitation Clinic for Children and Adolescents, Bad Orb, Germany
| | - E Waldeck
- Edelsteinklinik, Rehabilitation Clinic for Children and Adolescents, Bruchweiler, Germany
| | - S Ingrisch
- Fachklinik Gaißach, Rehabilitation Clinic, Gaißach, Germany
| | - R Stachow
- Fachklinik Sylt, Rehabilitation Clinic for Children and Adolescents, Westerland, Germany
| | - M Oelert
- Katholisches Kinderkrankenhaus Wilhelmstift, Wilhelmstift Catholic Children's Hospital, Hamburg, Germany
| | - S Wiegand
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Charité Children's Hospital, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - R Holl
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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Brug J, Uijtdewilligen L, van Stralen MM, Singh AS, ChinAPaw MJM, De Bourdeaudhuij I, Lien N, Bere E, Maes L, Fernández-Alvira JM, Jan N, Kovacs E, Dössegger A, Manios Y, te Velde SJ. Differences in beliefs and home environments regarding energy balance behaviors according to parental education and ethnicity among schoolchildren in Europe: the ENERGY cross sectional study. BMC Public Health 2014; 14:610. [PMID: 24934085 PMCID: PMC4067068 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-14-610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To explore differences in personal and home environmental factors that are regarded as determinants of energy balance-related behaviors (EBRBs) according to parental education and ethnic background among 10–12 year old schoolchildren across Europe. Methods A school-based survey among 10–12 year olds was conducted in eight countries across Europe. A range of personal and home environment variables relevant for soft drink consumption, daily breakfast, sport participation and TV time was assessed by means of child report. Personal factors included attitude, health beliefs, and preference/liking. Home environment factors included parental subjective norm, modeling, support, practices and home availability. Children were classified based on parental education (i.e., low vs. high) and ethnic background (i.e., native vs. non-native). Data from 6018 children originating from 83 schools were included in the analyses. Results Multilevel logistic regression analyses showed that the majority of the factors tested –and especially home environment variables- were more favorable among children from higher educated parents and from native ethnicity. None of the personal and home environment factors was found to be more favorable among children from lower educated parents or non-native ethnicity. Conclusions The present study indicates that schoolchildren from lower educated and non-native parents across Europe have EBRB-related beliefs and are exposed to home environments that are less favorable for engagement in healthy EBRBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Brug
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, P,O, Van der Boechorststraat 7, Amsterdam, BT 1081, the Netherlands.
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Mäki-Opas TE, de Munter J, Maas J, den Hertog F, Kunst AE. The association between physical environment and cycling to school among Turkish and Moroccan adolescents in Amsterdam. Int J Public Health 2014; 59:629-36. [PMID: 24875353 DOI: 10.1007/s00038-014-0565-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Revised: 03/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study examined the effect of physical environment on cycling to and from school among boys and girls of Turkish and Moroccan origin living in Amsterdam. METHODS The LASER study (n = 697) was an interview study that included information on cycling to and from school and the perceived physical environment. Objective information on physical environment was gathered from Statistics Netherlands and the Department for Research and Statistics at the Municipality of Amsterdam. Structural equation modelling with latent variables was applied, taking into account age, gender, self-assessed health, education, country of origin, and distance to school. RESULTS For every unit increase in the latent variable scale for bicycle-friendly infrastructure, we observed a 21% increase in the odds for cycling to and from school. The association was only borderline statistically significant and disappeared after controlling for distance to school. The enjoyable environment was not associated with cycling to and from school after controlling for all background factors. CONCLUSIONS Bicycle-friendly infrastructure and an enjoyable environment were not important factors for cycling to and from school among those with no cultural cycling background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomi E Mäki-Opas
- Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,
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Kukaswadia A, Pickett W, Janssen I. Time since immigration and ethnicity as predictors of physical activity among Canadian youth: a cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2014; 9:e89509. [PMID: 24586835 PMCID: PMC3931791 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about patterns of physical activity engaged in by youth after they immigrate to a new country. This study aims to investigate relationships between immigrant generation and ethnicity with physical activity, and to determine if the relationship between immigrant generation and physical activity was modified by ethnicity. METHODS The data sources were Cycle 6 (2009-2010) of the Canadian Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children Study and the 2006 Canada Census of Population. Participants (weighted n = 23,124) were young people from grades 6-10 in 436 schools. Students were asked where they were born, how long ago they moved to Canada, their ethnicity, and how many days a week they accumulated at least 60 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). RESULTS Youth born outside of Canada were less likely to be active than peers born in Canada; 11% vs 15% reported 7 days/week of at least 60 minutes of MVPA (p = .001). MVPA increased with time since immigration. Compared to Canadian-born youth, youth who immigrated within the last 1-2 years were less likely to get sufficient MVPA on 4-6 days/week (odds ratio: 0.66, 95% confidence interval: 0.53-0.82) and 7 days/week (0.62; 0.43-0.89). East and South-East Asian youth were less active, regardless of time since immigration: 4-6 days/week (0.67; 0.58-0.79) and 7 days/week (0.37; 0.29-0.48). CONCLUSION Time since immigration and ethnicity were associated with MVPA among Canadian youth. Mechanisms by which these differences occur need to be uncovered in order to identify barriers to physical activity participation among youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atif Kukaswadia
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - William Pickett
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
- Clinical Research Centre, Kingston General Hospital, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ian Janssen
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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Therapieansätze bei Adipositas und ihren Folgeerkrankungen bei jugendlichen Patienten mit Migrationshintergrund. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2013; 56:543-50. [DOI: 10.1007/s00103-012-1640-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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14
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Hatzigeorgiadis A, Morela E, Elbe AM, Kouli O, Sanchez X. The Integrative Role of Sport in Multicultural Societies. EUROPEAN PSYCHOLOGIST 2013. [DOI: 10.1027/1016-9040/a000155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Sport participation has been recognized as an important socializing agent; the sport environment is considered a suitable setting for the development of social and moral values, particularly for youth. Therefore, it can be argued that participation in sport may reinforce understanding and respect of cultural diversity and foster the integration of migrants. In this paper, we review the existing literature on the integrative role of sport among individuals and groups with differing cultural backgrounds. The existing findings support the role sport may have in promoting integration; nonetheless, some controversy exists. On the one side, there is evidence suggesting that sport can promote interaction among people from different cultures, while also helping individuals maintain ties with their own cultural groups, thus facilitating the maintenance of their cultural heritage. On the other side, there are also indications that sport participation may accentuate cultural differences, thus evoking tensions. Therefore, it appears that sport participation per se may not have the strength to achieve the anticipated integration; rather, sport would provide a common ground where integration can be cultivated. Future directions are discussed to encourage the development of research that enhances further our understanding on the integrative role of sport in multicultural societies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eleftheria Morela
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
| | - Anne-Marie Elbe
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Olga Kouli
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Democritus University of Thrace, Komotini, Greece
| | - Xavier Sanchez
- Department of Psychology, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
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Jönsson LS, Palmér K, Ohlsson H, Sundquist J, Sundquist K. Is acculturation associated with physical activity among female immigrants in Sweden? J Public Health (Oxf) 2012; 35:270-7. [PMID: 23152166 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fds091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immigrant women in Sweden have lower levels of leisure time physical activity (LTPA) than Swedish-born women. The reasons are unclear, although acculturation has been suggested to play a role. METHODS We used a cross-sectional study design to investigate the association between LTPA and two indicators of acculturation: (i) language proficiency (ability to understand news reports on the radio and television) and (ii) age at the time of migration, and if there existed a modifying effect on these hypothesized associations. The study sample consisted of 1651 women, aged 18-65, living in Sweden and born in Finland, Chile or Iraq. A postal questionnaire (translated into the women's native language) was used to collect the variables. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire was used to assess LTPA. Data were collected in 2002-05 and analyzed in 2009-10. A partial-proportional odds model was used for the analysis. RESULTS Increased language proficiency was associated with increased LTPA [odds ratio (OR) = 2.31, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.57-3.41]. Country of birth modified the association. Furthermore, younger age at migration was associated with increased LTPA (OR = 1.44, 95% CI = 1.01-2.03). CONCLUSIONS Increased language proficiency has the potential to be an important health-promoting factor among immigrant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena S Jönsson
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Department of Clinical Science, Lund University, Malmö SE-205 02, Sweden.
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16
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Brug J, van Stralen MM, Chinapaw MJM, De Bourdeaudhuij I, Lien N, Bere E, Singh AS, Maes L, Moreno L, Jan N, Kovacs E, Lobstein T, Manios Y, Te Velde SJ. Differences in weight status and energy-balance related behaviours according to ethnic background among adolescents in seven countries in Europe: the ENERGY-project. Pediatr Obes 2012; 7:399-411. [PMID: 22730265 DOI: 10.1111/j.2047-6310.2012.00067.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2011] [Revised: 03/26/2012] [Accepted: 04/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to explore differences in weight status and energy balance behaviours according to ethnic background among adolescents across Europe. METHODS A school-based survey among 10-12-year-old adolescents was conducted in seven European countries. Weight, height and waist circumference were measured; engagement in physical activity, sedentary and dietary behaviour, and sleep duration was assessed by child and parent-report. A distinction between native and non-native ethnic background was based on language spoken at home, and the parents' country of birth. Analyses were conducted with and without adjustment for parental education. RESULTS With valid data on both indicators of ethnic background for 5149 adolescents, 7307 adolescents (52% girls; 11.6 ± 0.7 years) participated. Significantly higher prevalence of overweight, obesity, body mass index and waist circumference were observed among non-native compared with native adolescents. Non-native adolescents had less favourable behavioural patterns (sugary drinks, breakfast skipping, sport, TV and computer time, hours of sleep) with the exception of active transport to school. Similar patterns were observed for both indicators of ethnicity, and in most of the separate countries; however, in Greece, weight status indicators were better among non-native adolescents. After adjustment for parental education, most differences remained significant according to country of origin of the parents, but not according to language spoken at home. CONCLUSION Adolescents of native ethnicity of the country of residence have, in general, more favourable weight status indicators and energy balance-related behaviours than adolescents of non-native ethnicity across Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Brug
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Nicolaou M, Benjelloun S, Stronks K, van Dam R, Seidell J, Doak C. Influences on body weight of female Moroccan migrants in the Netherlands: A qualitative study. Health Place 2012; 18:883-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2012.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2011] [Revised: 02/22/2012] [Accepted: 03/04/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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18
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US acculturation is associated with health behaviors and obesity, but not their change, with a hotel-based intervention among Asian-Pacific Islanders. J Acad Nutr Diet 2012; 112:649-56. [PMID: 22709769 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2012.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2011] [Accepted: 02/03/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immigration to the United States has been associated with obesity, yet the relationship of acculturation to obesity and energy balance (ie, physical activity/dietary intake) in adults is a complex issue. Limited longitudinal data are available on immigrant Asians and Pacific Islanders. DESIGN Analyses were conducted on baseline data and change data from baseline to 24 months in the hotel-based cluster-randomized Work, Weight and Wellness trial involving 15 control and 15 intervention hotels on the island of Oahu, Hawaii. SAMPLE Participants were adult employees of predominantly Asian and Pacific Islander ancestry who were assessed one or more times over the course of 24 months. The full sample consisted of 4,236 hotel workers (about 40% of hotel workforce) at baseline, 3,502 hotel workers at Year 1 and 2,963 hotel workers at the 24-month follow up. One thousand one hundred fifteen hotel workers had at least two measurements, and were included in the analysis. INTERVENTION The Work, Weight, and Wellness trial was designed to promote weight loss via motivation and support for increases in physical activity and increased access to and consumption of healthy low-fat/low-energy foods. The measure of acculturation consisted of a score that was a compilation of a participant's age when he or she immigrated to the United States, country of birth, language spoken at home, and years of education. STATISTICAL ANALYSES We used mixed effect regression models for cross-sectional baseline models and longitudinal multilevel regression analysis of change in diet and physical activity behaviors and obesity over time using a random intercept. Estimates of the intervention effect are expressed as an annual rate of change for all study outcomes. RESULTS At baseline acculturation was positively associated with body mass index; physical activity level; and fruit, meat, and sweetened drink intake level. In analyses of change across 24 months, acculturation did not significantly influence change in dietary intake or indexes of obesity (ie, body mass index or waist-to-height ratio). However physical activity increased significantly more in the intervention group during the course of the intervention compared with the control group, which decreased activity, when sociodemographic factors (including acculturation) and food intake behavior were controlled for.
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Moraes M, Corte-Real N, Dias C, Fonseca AM. Um olhar sobre a prática desportiva, bem-estar subjetivo e integração social de imigrantes... em Portugal e no mundo. PSICOLOGIA & SOCIEDADE 2012. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-71822012000100023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
O presente artigo de revisão centrou-se na prática desportiva e na sua relação com o bem-estar subjetivo e a integração social de imigrantes procurando fazer o levantamento da informação disponível na literatura acerca dessa temática a um nível mais global e, particularmente em Portugal, que a partir dos anos 80 se tornou num país de imigração. O levantamento bibliográfico incluiu livros, artigos científicos pesquisados em bases de dados internacionais, sites especializados e institucionais. A revisão da literatura permitiu verificar que: os imigrantes tendem a praticar menos desporto assim como a ter menores níveis de bem-estar subjetivo comparativamente à população autóctone; a prática desportiva relaciona-se positivamente com o bem-estar subjetivo também nos imigrantes; o desporto pode desempenhar um importante papel para a integração social dos imigrantes, apesar de nalguns contextos reforçar as diferenças inter-étnicas; em Portugal, não foram encontrados estudos específicos sobre a prática desportiva de imigrantes.
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Nierkens V, van der Ploeg MV, van Eer MY, Stronks K. How do psychosocial determinants in migrant women in the Netherlands differ from these among their counterparts in their country of origin? A cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2011; 11:397. [PMID: 21615961 PMCID: PMC3115863 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-11-397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2010] [Accepted: 05/26/2011] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Migration of non-Western women into Western countries often results in an increase in smoking prevalence among migrant women. To gain more insight into how to prevent this increase, we compared psychosocial determinants of smoking between Surinamese women in Suriname and those in the Netherlands. Methods Data were obtained between 2000 and 2004 from two cross-sectional studies, the CVRFO study in Suriname (n = 702) and the SUNSET study in the Netherlands (n = 674). For analyses of determinants, we collected additional data in CVRFO study population (n = 85). Differences between the two groups were analysed by chi-square analyses and logistic regression analyses. Results As was found in other studies among migrant women, more Surinamese migrant women in the Netherlands smoked (31%) than women in Suriname (16%). More Surinamese women in the Netherlands than in Suriname had a positive affective and cognitive attitude towards smoking (OR = 2.6 (95%CI 1.05;6.39) and OR = 3.3 (95%CI 1.31;8.41)). They perceived a positive norm within their partners and friends regarding smoking more frequently (OR = 6.5 (95%CI 2.7;15.6) and OR = 3.3 (95%CI 1.50;7.25)). Conclusion Migrant women are more positive towards smoking and perceived a more positive norm towards smoking when compared with women in the country of origin. Interventions targeted at the psychosocial determinants regarding smoking for newly migrated women, in particular the consequences of smoking and the norm towards smoking might help to prevent an increase in smoking in those populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Nierkens
- Department of Social Medicine, Academic Medical Center - University of Amsterdam PO Box 22700, 1100 DE Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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22
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Acartürk CZ, Nierkens V, Agyemang C, Stronks K. Depressive symptoms and smoking among young Turkish and Moroccan ethnic minority groups in The Netherlands: a cross-sectional study. Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy 2011; 6:5. [PMID: 21414199 PMCID: PMC3064616 DOI: 10.1186/1747-597x-6-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2010] [Accepted: 03/17/2011] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although evidence indicates a strong association between depressive symptoms and smoking among host and migrant adults, less is known about this relationship among young ethnic minority groups in Europe. This paper aims to assess the relationship between depressive symptoms and smoking among young Turkish and Moroccan migrants in the Netherlands. METHODS Multiple logistic regression analyses was used to analyze cross-sectional data from a sample of 364 Turkish and Moroccan migrants aged 15 to 24 years. The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) was used to measure the presence of clinically significant depressive symptoms. Smoking behavior was measured by a number of questions. RESULTS Of the respondents, 22% were smokers and 33% had depressive symptoms. The prevalence of depressive symptoms was significantly higher in smokers (42.9%) than in nonsmokers (29.5%). Respondents with depressive symptoms had increased odds of smoking even after adjusting for socioeconomic and cultural factors (OR = 2.68, 95% CI = 1.45-4.97). CONCLUSIONS Depressive symptoms were significantly associated with smoking behavior in young Turkish and Moroccan migrants. In addition to other acknowledged factors, depressive symptoms should also be considered in relation to the smoking behavior of this group. Intervention programs for smoking behavior should take depressive symptoms into account for young Turkish and Moroccan migrants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceren Z Acartürk
- Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam P.O. Box 22660, 1100 DD Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vera Nierkens
- Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam P.O. Box 22660, 1100 DD Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Charles Agyemang
- Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam P.O. Box 22660, 1100 DD Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Karien Stronks
- Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam P.O. Box 22660, 1100 DD Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Berrigan D, Forsyth BH, Helba C, Levin K, Norberg A, Willis GB. Cognitive testing of physical activity and acculturation questions in recent and long-term Latino immigrants. BMC Public Health 2010; 10:481. [PMID: 20707902 PMCID: PMC2927546 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-10-481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2009] [Accepted: 08/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We ascertained the degree to which language (English versus Spanish), and residence time in the US influence responses to survey questions concerning two topics: self-reported acculturation status, and recent physical activity (PA). This topic is likely to be of general interest because of growing numbers of immigrants in countries worldwide. Methods We carried out qualitative (cognitive) interviews of survey items on acculturation and physical activity on 27 Latino subjects from three groups: (a) In Spanish, of those of low residence time (less than five years living in the U.S.) (n = 9); (b) In Spanish, of those of high residence time (15 or more years in the U.S) (n = 9); and (c) in English, of those of high residence time (n = 9). Results There were very few language translation problems; general question design defects and socio-cultural challenges to survey responses were more common. Problems were found for both acculturation and PA questions, with distinct problem types for the two question areas. Residence time/language group was weakly associated with overall frequency of problems observed: low residence time/Spanish (86%), high residence time/Spanish (67%), and English speaking groups (62%). Conclusions Standardized survey questions related to acculturation and physical activity present somewhat different cognitive challenges. For PA related questions, problems with such questions were similar regardless of subject residence time or language preference. For acculturation related questions, residence time/language or education level influenced responses to such questions. These observations should help in the interpretation of survey results for culturally diverse populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Berrigan
- Applied Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Executive Plaza North MSC 7344, Bethesda MD 20892-7344, USA.
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Stronegger WJ, Titze S, Oja P. Perceived characteristics of the neighborhood and its association with physical activity behavior and self-rated health. Health Place 2010; 16:736-43. [PMID: 20378392 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2010.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2009] [Revised: 03/17/2010] [Accepted: 03/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of our study was to identify perceptions of the residential environment and their association with physical activity for specific purposes and with self-rated health in an urban context. A representative survey of inhabitants of Graz (a mid-sized Austrian city) aged 15-60 years (n=997) was conducted. We found a perceived high social-environmental quality of the residential environment to be associated with higher levels of self-rated health and leisure time physical activity. Both leisure time physical activity and satisfaction with environmental quality were independently linked with self-rated health. Furthermore, a high level of satisfaction with the individual's local infrastructure may support the residents to engage in higher levels of physical activity for transportation, whereas the preferred mode of transportation may be gender-specific: men tend to use the bicycle while women walk. Our results suggest that local infrastructure facilities should be designed so as to ensure accessibility by both walking and cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willibald J Stronegger
- Institute of Social Medicine and Epidemiology, Medical University of Graz, Universitätsstrasse 6, 8010 Graz, Austria.
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Nagel G, Wabitsch M, Galm C, Berg S, Brandstetter S, Fritz M, Klenk J, Peter R, Prokopchuk D, Steiner R, Stroth S, Wartha O, Weiland SK, Steinacker J. Determinants of obesity in the Ulm Research on Metabolism, Exercise and Lifestyle in Children (URMEL-ICE). Eur J Pediatr 2009; 168:1259-67. [PMID: 19562371 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-009-1016-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2009] [Accepted: 06/10/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the prevalence of overweight and obesity in German schoolchildren and analyzed determinants of overweight. In the context of a randomized intervention study, a baseline cross-sectional assessment was carried out in 2006. During a physical examination, height, weight, skin fold thickness, and upper arm and waist circumferences were measured according to a standardized protocol among 1.079 children aged 6-9 years. Overweight and obesity were classified according to the definitions of the International Obesity Task Force. Parents completed a questionnaire on potential determinants of overweight. Logistic regression models were calculated for determinants of overweight and obesity. The prevalence of overweight was 16.5% in boys and 17.3% in girls and of obesity 3.5% and 3.6%, respectively. Migration (29.4 %) was correlated with overweight and obesity. In particular, among boys with migration background, overweight (24.0%) and obesity (6.6%) were highly prevalent. Higher obesity prevalence was associated with maternal smoking during pregnancy, parental overweight, and low parental education. Indicators for physical inactivity such as watching television more than 1 h per weekday, participation in club sports less than once a week, consumption of sweetened drinks (>or=3 times per week), and skipping breakfast before school were associated with childhood obesity. Our results provide further evidence that parental factors such as migration background and education are strongly associated with body mass of the offspring. Physically inactive children with regular consumption of sweetened drinks and no breakfast were prone to be overweight or obese. Changes of these lifestyle factors as targets of interventions are promising to prevent childhood obesity.
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Fassaert T, Hesselink AE, Verhoeff AP. Acculturation and use of health care services by Turkish and Moroccan migrants: a cross-sectional population-based study. BMC Public Health 2009; 9:332. [PMID: 19744326 PMCID: PMC2749828 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-9-332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2009] [Accepted: 09/10/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is insufficient empirical evidence which shows if and how there is an interrelation between acculturation and health care utilisation. The present study seeks to establish this evidence within first generation Turkish and Moroccan migrants, two of the largest migrant groups in present-day Western Europe. METHODS Data were derived from the Amsterdam Health Monitor 2004, and were complete for 358 Turkish and 288 Moroccan foreign-born migrants. Use of health services (general practitioner, outpatient specialist and health care for mental health problems) was measured by means of self-report. Acculturation was measured by a structured questionnaire grading (i) ethnic self-identification, (ii) social interaction with ethnic Dutch, (iii) communication in Dutch within one's private social network, (iv) emancipation, and (v) cultural orientation towards the public domain. RESULTS Acculturation was hardly associated with the use of general practitioner care. However, in case of higher adaptation to the host culture there was less uptake of outpatient specialist care among Turkish respondents (odds ratio [OR] = 0.90, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.82-0.99) and Moroccan male respondents (OR = 0.81, 95% CI = 0.71-0.93). Conversely, there was a higher uptake of mental health care among Turkish men (OR = 0.81, 95% CI = 0.71-0.93) and women (OR = 0.81, 95% CI = 0.71-0.93). Uptake of mental health care among Moroccan respondents again appeared lower (OR = 0.74, 95% CI = 0.55-0.99). Language ability appeared to play a central role in the uptake of health care. CONCLUSION Some results were in accordance with the popular view that an increased participation in the host society is concomitant to an increased use of health services. However, there was heterogeneity across ethnic and gender groups, and across the domains of acculturation. Language ability appeared to play a central role. Further research needs to explore this heterogeneity into more detail. Also, other cultural and/or contextual aspects that influence the use of health services require further identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thijs Fassaert
- Department of Epidemiology, Documentation and Health Promotion, Amsterdam Municipal Health Service, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Social Medicine, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Arlette E Hesselink
- Department of Epidemiology, Documentation and Health Promotion, Amsterdam Municipal Health Service, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Arnoud P Verhoeff
- Department of Epidemiology, Documentation and Health Promotion, Amsterdam Municipal Health Service, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Sociology and Anthropology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Kahan D. Quantity, type, and correlates of physical activity among American Middle Eastern university students. RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT 2009; 80:412-423. [PMID: 19791627 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2009.10599579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of hypokinetic disease among persons of Middle Eastern heritage is higher than whites and research on American young adults of this population is limited. Therefore 214 tertiary students of Middle Eastern descent self-reported their physical activity (PA) over a 1-week monitoring period using pedometers and daily activity logs. Daily step count averaged 9,256 (SD = 3,084) steps, while daily energy expenditure averaged 6.26 kcal/kg (SD = 4.92). Most participants reported no weekly engagement in sport (69.2%) and walk/run (52.8%) activities, and at least once-weekly engagement in conditioning (68.7%) activities. Moderately religious and highly acculturated men, and Muslims, and moderately/highly acculturated persons were more likely to average > or = 10,000 steps/day and engage in at least one sport activity per week, respectively. These findings may be related to religious and cultural issues unique to Middle Eastern American college students whose collectivist social affiliations with family and community members may facilitate or inhibit various aspects of PA behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Kahan
- School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182-7251, USA.
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Zahner L, Muehlbauer T, Schmid M, Meyer U, Puder JJ, Kriemler S. Association of sports club participation with fitness and fatness in children. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2009; 41:344-50. [PMID: 19127191 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0b013e318186d843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Decreased fitness and increased fatness are relevant factors for decreased cardiovascular and bone health in children. One way to increase physical activity and hence fitness and to reduce the risk for overweight might be sports club participation (SCP). PURPOSE To investigate the association of SCP with fatness and fitness in children in general and in those with increased risk for overweight and/or low fitness. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in a random sample of 502 first- and fifth-grade primary school children. Fitness components were determined by 10 motor tests and body fatness by the sum of four skinfolds. SCP was defined as participation of at least once a week. RESULTS Two thirds of all children were participating in a sports club. Girls' and boys' participation rate as well as those of overweight children and of children with overweight parents were comparable to their respective normal weight peers. In contrast, children from migrant families (odds ratio = 0.31; 95% confidence interval = 0.20-0.48) and from inactive parents (odds ratio = 0.16; 95% confidence interval = 0.05-0.45) participated significantly less (all P < 0.001). SCP was associated with endurance (0.53 > beta > 0.37, all P < 0.05) and partly with speed, strength, and coordination (0.41 > beta > 0.18, all P < 0.05). In overweight children and in children from overweight parents and migrant families, this association was not found. There was no association between SCP and fatness in any of the groups. CONCLUSIONS SCP rates were high and were associated with higher levels of most fitness components in children. Participation rates were lower for children of migrant families and children from inactive parents. In addition, the association between SCP and fitness components was not found in overweight children and in children from overweight parents and migrant families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Zahner
- Institute of Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Kumar NB, Yu D, Akinremi TO, Odedina FT. Comparing Dietary and Other Lifestyle Factors Among Immigrant Nigerian Men Living in the US and Indigenous Men from Nigeria: Potential Implications for Prostate Cancer Risk Reduction. J Immigr Minor Health 2009; 11:391-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s10903-009-9231-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2008] [Accepted: 01/27/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Body size preference and body weight perception among two migrant groups of non-Western origin. Public Health Nutr 2008; 11:1332-41. [DOI: 10.1017/s1368980008002966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate body size preference, body weight perception and their relationship with actual weight in two migrant groups of non-Western origin, Turks and Moroccans; additionally, to study the association between body size preference and acculturation.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingAmsterdam, The Netherlands.Subjects and methodsMales and females (18–30 years) were randomly selected from the population registry (n 451); participants, or at least one of their parents, were born in Turkey or Morocco. Body size preference was assessed using seven silhouette drawings and body weight perception was assessed by asking participants’ opinion of own weight. Acculturation variables were generation status and two scale measures, cultural orientation and social contacts.ResultsParticipants showed preference for a thin body size. The discrepancy between ideal and current size was significant in women but not men (P < 0·001). Perceived current body size was correlated with BMI (Spearman’s correlation coefficient 0·60, P < 0·001 (men) and 0·73, P < 0·001 (women)). Among overweight participants (BMI = 25·0–29·9 kg/m2), 63–82 % of men and 35 % of women perceived themselves as ‘average’. Paying attention to own body weight was associated with a discrepancy between ideal and current size among women and with perceiving oneself as ‘overweight’ among men. Body size preference was not significantly associated with the three acculturation variables.ConclusionWe did not observe a preference for large body sizes in these two non-Western migrant groups. Similar to Western populations, most women wished to be thinner than they were. This was not the case among men, the majority of whom were also unaware of being overweight.
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