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Lammi C, Ottaviano E, Fiore G, Bollati C, d'Adduzio L, Fanzaga M, Ceccarani C, Vizzuso S, Zuccotti G, Borghi E, Verduci E. Effect of docosahexaenoic acid as an anti-inflammatory for Caco-2 cells and modulating agent for gut microbiota in children with obesity (the DAMOCLE study). J Endocrinol Invest 2024:10.1007/s40618-024-02444-w. [PMID: 39186221 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-024-02444-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is a long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid. We investigated the dual health ability of DHA to modulate gut microbiota in children with obesity and to exert anti-inflammatory activity on human intestinal Caco-2 cells. METHODS In a pilot study involving 18 obese children (8-14 years), participants received a daily DHA supplement (500 mg/day) and dietary intervention from baseline (T0) to 4 months (T1), followed by dietary intervention alone from 4 months (T1) to 8 months (T2). Fecal samples, anthropometry, biochemicals and dietary assessment were collected at each timepoint. At preclinical level, we evaluated DHA's antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects on Caco-2 cells stimulated with Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and Lipopolysaccharides (LPS), by measuring also Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) levels and cytokines, respectively. RESULTS Ten children were included in final analysis. No major changes were observed for anthropometric and biochemical parameters, and participants showed a low dietary compliance at T1 and T2. DHA supplementation restored the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio that was conserved also after the DHA discontinuation at T2. DHA supplementation drove a depletion in Ruminococcaceae and Dialisteraceae, and enrichment in Bacteroidaceae, Oscillospiraceae, and Akkermansiaceae. At genus level, Allisonella was the most decreased by DHA supplementation. In Caco-2 cells, DHA decreased H2O2-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) production via iNOS pathway modulation. Additionally, DHA modulated proinflammatory (IL-1β, IL-6, IFN-γ, TNF-α) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokine production in LPS-stimulated Caco-2 cells. CONCLUSION An improvement in gut dysbiosis of children with obesity seems to be triggered by DHA and to continue after discontinuation. The ability to modulate gut microbiota, matches also with an anti-inflammatory effect of DHA on Caco-2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Lammi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - E Ottaviano
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, 20142, Milan, Italy
| | - G Fiore
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, 20142, Milan, Italy.
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Via Lodovico Castelvetro 32, 20154, Milan, Italy.
| | - C Bollati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - L d'Adduzio
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - M Fanzaga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - C Ceccarani
- Institute for Biomedical Technologies, CNR, Segrate, Italy
| | - S Vizzuso
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Via Lodovico Castelvetro 32, 20154, Milan, Italy
| | - G Zuccotti
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Via Lodovico Castelvetro 32, 20154, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, 20157, Milan, Italy
| | - E Borghi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, 20142, Milan, Italy
| | - E Verduci
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, 20142, Milan, Italy
- Metabolic Diseases Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, 20157, Milan, Italy
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Martín-Matillas M, Rocha-Silva D, Plaza-Florido A, Delgado-Fernández M, Marti A, De Miguel-Etayo P, Moreno LA, Marcos A, Campoy C. Determinants of Longitudinal Changes in Cardiometabolic Risk in Adolescents with Overweight/Obesity: The EVASYON Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14153241. [PMID: 35956416 PMCID: PMC9370317 DOI: 10.3390/nu14153241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated which determinants (socioeconomic, early life factors, body composition changes, fitness changes and/or physical activity changes) best predicted longitudinal outcomes in cardiometabolic risk profile (Z-score change) in adolescents with OW/OB who underwent a 13-month multidisciplinary lifestyle intervention. A total of 165 adolescents (13–16 y; 46% boys) from the EVASYON study were included. Socioeconomic variables and early life factors were obtained from the medical records. Body composition was assessed using anthropometry. Fitness and physical activity were measured with field-based tests and questionnaires. Cardiometabolic risk factors (fasting glucose, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, blood pressure and waist circumference) were derived from standard methods in the hospital. Body weight changes, sex and mother’s education were selected in the stepwise process as the most important determinants of changes in cardiometabolic risk profile (R2 = 0.26, p = 0.002; R2 = 0.14, p = 0.013; and R2 = 0.14, p = 0.017, respectively). Both boys and girls showed a lower cardiometabolic risk score with the reduction in body weight (r = 0.535, p = 0.009 and r = 0.506, p = 0.005, respectively). There was no interaction between sex and body weight change (p = 0.614). In conclusion, the simple measure of changes in body weight should be considered to track changes in cardiometabolic risk profile in adolescents with OW/OB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Martín-Matillas
- PROFITH “PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity” Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Dinalrilan Rocha-Silva
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Abel Plaza-Florido
- PROFITH “PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity” Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.P.-F.); (C.C.)
| | - Manuel Delgado-Fernández
- PA-HELP “Physical Activity for Health Promotion, CTS-1018” Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Amelia Marti
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition Networking Biomedical Research Centre (CIBERobn CB12/03/30002), Spanish National Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar De Miguel-Etayo
- Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition Networking Biomedical Research Centre (CIBERobn CB15/00043), Spanish National Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, Faculty de Ciencias de la Salud, University de Zaragoza, Institute Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2) and Institute de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Luis A. Moreno
- Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition Networking Biomedical Research Centre (CIBERobn CB15/00043), Spanish National Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, Faculty de Ciencias de la Salud, University de Zaragoza, Institute Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2) and Institute de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ascensión Marcos
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Campoy
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
- EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Pediatric Research, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Spanish Network of Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Granada’s Node, Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Granada’s Biosanitary Institute (Ibs-Granada), 18012 Granada, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.P.-F.); (C.C.)
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3
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Diet quality index as a predictor of treatment efficacy in overweight and obese adolescents: The EVASYON study. Clin Nutr 2018; 38:782-790. [PMID: 29730135 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2018.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIM A diet quality index (DQI) is a tool that provides an overall score of an individual's dietary intake when assessing compliance with food-based dietary guidelines. A number of DQIs have emerged, albeit their associations with health-related outcomes are debated. The aim of the present study was to assess whether adherence to dietary intervention, and the overall quality of the diet, can predict body composition changes. METHODS To this purpose, overweight/obese adolescents (n = 117, aged: 13-16 years; 51 males, 66 females) were recruited into a multi-component (diet, physical activity and psychological support) family-based group treatment programme. We measured the adolescents' compliance and body composition at baseline and after 2 months (intensive phase) and 13 months (extensive phase) of follow-up. Also, at baseline, after 6 months, and at the end of follow-up we calculated the DQI. RESULTS Global compliance with the dietary intervention was 37.4% during the intensive phase, and 14.3% during the extensive phase. Physical activity compliance was 94.1% at 2-months and 34.7% at 13months and psychological support compliance were growing over the intervention period (10.3% intensive phase and 45.3% during extensive phase). Adolescents complying with the meal frequency criteria at the end of the extensive phase had greater reductions in FMI z-scores than those did not complying (Cohen's d = 0.53). A statistically significant association was observed with the diet quality index. DQI-A variation explained 98.1% of BMI z-score changes and 95.1% of FMI changes. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that assessment of changes in diet quality could be a useful tool in predicting body composition changes in obese adolescents involved in a diet and physical activity intervention programme backed-up by psychological and family support.
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Ruiz A, Cerdó T, Jáuregui R, Pieper DH, Marcos A, Clemente A, García F, Margolles A, Ferrer M, Campoy C, Suárez A. One-year calorie restriction impacts gut microbial composition but not its metabolic performance in obese adolescents. Environ Microbiol 2017; 19:1536-1551. [PMID: 28251782 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.13713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Recent evidence has disclosed a connection between gut microbial glycosidase activity and adiposity in obese. Here, we measured microbial α-glucosidase and β-galactosidase activities and sorted fluorescently labeled β-galactosidase containing (βGAL) microorganisms in faecal samples of eight lean and thirteen obese adolescents that followed a controlled calorie restriction program during one year. β-galactosidase is a highly distributed functional trait, mainly expressed by members of Blautia, Bacteroides, Alcaligenes, Acinetobacter and Propionibacterium. Only long-term calorie restriction induced clear changes in the microbiota of obese adolescents. Long-term calorie restriction induced significant shifts in total and βGAL gut microbiota, reducing the Firmicutes:Bacteroidetes ratio and enhancing the growth of beneficial microorganisms such as Bacteroides, Roseburia, Faecalibacterium and Clostridium XIVa. Moreover, the structure and composition of βGAL community in obese after long-term calorie restriction was highly similar to that of lean adolescents. However, despite this high compositional similarity, microbial metabolic performance was different, split in two metabolic states at a body mass index value of 25. Our study shows that calorie restriction is a strong environmental force reshaping gut microbiota though its metabolic performance is linked to host's adiposity, suggesting that functional redundancy and metabolic plasticity are fundamental properties of gut microbial ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Ruiz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 2, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, Spain
| | - Tomás Cerdó
- Departmet of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Paediatric Research, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Ruy Jáuregui
- Tennent Drive, AgResearch Grasslands, Private Bag 11008, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Dietmar H Pieper
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Microbial Interactions and Processes Research Group, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Ascensión Marcos
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfonso Clemente
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Animal Nutrition, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Granada, Spain
| | - Federico García
- Department of Microbiology, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (IBS), Granada, Spain
| | - Abelardo Margolles
- IPLA-CSIC, Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Dairy Research Institute, Villaviciosa, Spain
| | | | - Cristina Campoy
- Departmet of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Paediatric Research, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Antonio Suárez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 2, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, Spain
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5
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García-Calzón S, Moleres A, Gómez-Martinez S, Diaz LE, Bueno G, Campoy C, Martinez JA, Marcos A, Azcona-Sanjulián MC, Zalba G, Marti A. Association of telomere length with IL-6 levels during an obesity treatment in adolescents: interaction with the-174G/C polymorphism in the IL-6gene. Pediatr Obes 2017; 12:257-263. [PMID: 27071798 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2015] [Revised: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Shorter telomeres have been associated with elevated risk for age-related diseases. However, little is known about the biomarker role of telomere length (TL) for predicting inflammation and glucose alterations. OBJECTIVE The objective of this research is to evaluate the association between TL, inflammatory markers and glucose levels after a 2-month weight-loss programme in obese adolescents. METHODS Telomere length was measured using a quantitative polymerase chain reaction in 66 obese adolescents aged 12-17 years (51% men) from the EVASYON programme. The adolescents were genotyped for the polymorphism -174G/C (rs1800795) in the IL-6gene, and anthropometric and biochemical markers as well as inflammatory cytokines were analysed. RESULTS Multiple-adjusted models showed that longer telomeres at baseline were associated with a higher reduction in glucose (B = -4.08, 95% confidence interval: -6.66 to -1.50) and IL-6 (B = -1.03, 95% confidence interval: -2.01 to -0.05) serum levels after 2 months of the weight-loss treatment. The -174G/C polymorphism modulated the association between basal TL and changes in IL-6 (P interaction = 0.029). Thus, subjects with the GG + GC genotype and with longer telomeres showed a higher decrease in IL-6 levels than CC homozygotes. CONCLUSION Longer telomeres are associated with an improvement in glucose tolerance and inflammation after a weight-loss programme in obese adolescents. Moreover, the -174G/C polymorphism may influence the relationship between TL and IL-6 changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S García-Calzón
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,IdiSNA Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - S Gómez-Martinez
- Immunonutrition Research Group, Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology, and Nutrition, Spanish National Research Council, Madrid, Spain
| | - L E Diaz
- Immunonutrition Research Group, Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology, and Nutrition, Spanish National Research Council, Madrid, Spain
| | - G Bueno
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - C Campoy
- Pediatric Department, Medicine School, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - J A Martinez
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,IdiSNA Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Marcos
- Immunonutrition Research Group, Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology, and Nutrition, Spanish National Research Council, Madrid, Spain
| | - M C Azcona-Sanjulián
- Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Department of Paediatrics, University of Navarra Hospital, Pamplona, Spain
| | - G Zalba
- IdiSNA Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - A Marti
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,IdiSNA Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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6
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Martín-García M, Vila-Maldonado S, Rodríguez-Gómez I, Faya F, Plaza-Carmona M, Pastor-Vicedo J, Ara I. The Spanish version of the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire-R21 for children and adolescents (TFEQ-R21C): Psychometric analysis and relationships with body composition and fitness variables. Physiol Behav 2016; 165:350-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 04/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Martin-Calvo N, Moreno-Galarraga L, Martinez-Gonzalez MA. Association between Body Mass Index, Waist-to-Height Ratio and Adiposity in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8080512. [PMID: 27556485 PMCID: PMC4997425 DOI: 10.3390/nu8080512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is defined as an abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that may impair health. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) has been suggested as the gold standard to define obesity, but because its use is complex and expensive, anthropometric measures such as body mass index (BMI) or the waist-to-height ratio (WtHr) have been used as alternatives. The aim of this study was to review the published literature and investigate the correlation of BMI and WtHr with body fat (BF) measured by DEXA in pediatric populations. References were sought in PubMed/Medline and Embase datasets. Five original articles, published between 2013 and 2015, were finally included in this review. Their sample size ranged from 83 to 5355, and the age of participants ranged from 4.9 to 19 years old. The most frequently reported association measurements were the coefficients of determination (R²), followed by correlation coefficients and least-squares regression coefficients. BF measured by DEXA was strongly correlated with both BMI (R² ranging from 0.32 to 0.91) and WtHr (R² ranging from 0.49 to 0.73). Thus, either BMI or WtHr may be useful to define obesity when more sophisticated techniques are not available. Our systematic review of the available literature found that neither index demonstrated superiority in assessing obesity in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nerea Martin-Calvo
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarre, Pamplona 31009, Spain.
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdisNa), Pamplona 31008, Spain.
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid 28029, Spain.
| | - Laura Moreno-Galarraga
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdisNa), Pamplona 31008, Spain.
- Department of Pediatrics, Complejo Hospital de Navarra, Pamplona 31008, Spain.
| | - Miguel Angel Martinez-Gonzalez
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarre, Pamplona 31009, Spain.
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdisNa), Pamplona 31008, Spain.
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid 28029, Spain.
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8
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Guerendiain M, Mayneris-Perxachs J, Montes R, López-Belmonte G, Martín-Matillas M, Castellote AI, Martín-Bautista E, Martí A, Martínez JA, Moreno L, Garagorri JM, Wärnberg J, Caballero J, Marcos A, López-Sabater MC, Campoy C. Relation between plasma antioxidant vitamin levels, adiposity and cardio-metabolic profile in adolescents: Effects of a multidisciplinary obesity programme. Clin Nutr 2015; 36:209-217. [PMID: 26614254 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Revised: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS In vivo and in vitro evidence suggests that antioxidant vitamins and carotenoids may be key factors in the treatment and prevention of obesity and obesity-associated disorders. Hence, the objective of the present study was to determine the relationship between plasma lipid-soluble antioxidant vitamin and carotenoid levels and adiposity and cardio-metabolic risk markers in overweight and obese adolescents participating in a multidisciplinary weight loss programme. METHODS A therapeutic programme was conducted with 103 adolescents aged 12-17 years old and diagnosed with overweight or obesity. Plasma concentrations of α-tocopherol, retinol, β-carotene and lycopene, anthropometric indicators of general and central adiposity, blood pressure and biochemical parameters were analysed at baseline and at 2 and 6 months of treatment. RESULTS Lipid-corrected retinol (P < 0.05), β-carotene (P = 0.001) and α-tocopherol (P < 0.001) plasma levels increased significantly, whereas lipid-corrected lycopene levels remained unaltered during the treatment. Anthropometric indicators of adiposity (P < 0.001), blood pressure (P < 0.01) and biochemical parameters (P < 0.05) decreased significantly, whereas fat free mass increased significantly (P < 0.001). These clinical and biochemical improvements were related to changes in plasma lipid-corrected antioxidant vitamin and carotenoid levels. The adolescents who experienced the greatest weight loss also showed the largest decrease in anthropometric indicators of adiposity and biochemical parameters and the highest increase in fat free mass. Weight loss in these adolescents was related to an increase in plasma levels of lipid-corrected α-tocopherol (P = 0.001), β-carotene (P = 0.034) and lycopene (P = 0.019). CONCLUSIONS Plasma lipid-soluble antioxidant vitamin and carotenoid levels are associated with reduced adiposity, greater weight loss and an improved cardio-metabolic profile in overweight and obese adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Guerendiain
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; University of the Republic, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Jordi Mayneris-Perxachs
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa Montes
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Spain
| | - Gemma López-Belmonte
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (Ibs Granada), Department of Paediatrics, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Miguel Martín-Matillas
- EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Paediatric Research, Granada, Spain; Department of Physical Education and Sport, School of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Spain
| | - Ana I Castellote
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Spain
| | | | - Amelia Martí
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Spain; Department of Nutrition, Food Science, Physiology and Toxicology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - J Alfredo Martínez
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Spain; Department of Nutrition, Food Science, Physiology and Toxicology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Luis Moreno
- Department of Paediatrics, Radiology and Physical Medicine, University of Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jesús Mª Garagorri
- Department of Paediatrics, Radiology and Physical Medicine, University of Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Julia Wärnberg
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Ascensión Marcos
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - M Carmen López-Sabater
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Spain.
| | - Cristina Campoy
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (Ibs Granada), Department of Paediatrics, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Paediatric Research, Granada, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Granada, Spain
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9
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Behavioral predictors of attrition in adolescents participating in a multidisciplinary obesity treatment program: EVASYON study. Int J Obes (Lond) 2015; 40:84-7. [PMID: 26381348 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2015.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Revised: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The aims of this study were to identify the cognitive and behavioral predictors of dropping out and to estimate the attrition rate during different phases of an intervention program to treat overweight and obesity in adolescents. Overweight/obese adolescents (n=156, aged: 13-16 years; 71 male and 85 female subjects) were included in a multicomponent (diet, physical activity and psychological support) family-based group treatment program. At baseline and after 2 months (intensive phase) and 13 months (extensive phase) of follow-up, we measured adolescents' cognitive and behavioral dimensions, together with the parents' perception of their child's behavior. Of the 156 adolescents selected, 112 completed the full program (drop-out rate of 28.2%). The risk of dropping out during the extensive phase increased by 20% for each unit increase in the adolescent's social insecurity score (odds ratio=1.20, 95% confidence interval=1.07-1.34, P=0.002). The adolescents who had a high interoceptive awareness showed a significant decrease of 13.0% in the probability of dropping out (odds ratio=0.87, 95% confidence interval=0.77-0.99, P=0.040). Adolescents' social insecurity was the main predictor of drop-out in a multicomponent family-group-based obesity treatment program. To reduce attrition rates in these programs, the individual's social insecurity level needs to be reduced, whereas the family's awareness of eating-related behavior needs adjustment.
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Anthropometric indices to assess body-fat changes during a multidisciplinary obesity treatment in adolescents: EVASYON Study. Clin Nutr 2014; 34:523-8. [PMID: 24993080 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2014.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Revised: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The main objectives of weight loss interventions in children and adolescents are to decrease fat mass while maintaining fat-free mass. Several methods are available to assess childhood and adolescence obesity, such as weight and height, bioelectrical impedance, skin-fold thickness measurements and other laboratory methods. The aim was to assess simple anthropometric indices as predictors of body-fat changes, using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry measurements as reference method. METHODS Multi-intervention approach (diet, physical activity and psychological support in a family-group-based treatment) was implemented with a one-year follow-up in 13-to-16-year-old overweight or obese Spanish adolescents. A total of 83 adolescents were recruited from Granada and Zaragoza, males (n = 43) (31.6 kg/m(2)) and females (n = 40) (32.0 kg/m(2)). We measured body composition with anthropometry and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. All measurements were made at baseline, and after 2 and 13 months. Random coefficient regression model was used to calculate the proportion of body composition changes during follow-up that would be explained by simple body composition indices based on anthropometric measures. RESULTS After controlling for age and Tanner stage, body mass index explained 76.5% of body composition changes in males and 90.1% in females, while fat mass index (assessed by skin-folds) explained 78.9% of body composition changes in males and 84.0% of body composition changes in females. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, we found that BMI was a good indicator of body fat composition changes in children and adolescents, although FMI assessed by anthropometry was also a good indicator.
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Eating disorders: predictors of change in the quality of life of caregivers. Psychiatry Res 2014; 215:718-26. [PMID: 24418049 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2013.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Revised: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Eating disorders (EDs) have a strong impact on the quality of life (QoL) of caregivers. This study explores the longitudinal changes in the QoL of ED caregivers at 1 (T1; n=109) and 2 years (T2; n=32) follow-up, and identifies predictors of improvement at 1-year follow-up. ED outpatients also completed a battery of tests at T1 (n=69) and T2 (n=11). Multivariate hierarchical linear mixed models were used, in which the caregivers' 1-year changes in QoL, anxiety and depression scores were analysed as the dependent variables. Predictor variables were the caregivers' perception of burden, perception of the severity of the patient's ED, kinship data, and the ED person's scores on QoL, anxiety depression and ED symptoms. Higher scores in mental health and low perception of burden at baseline predicted improved caregiver QoL at 1-year follow-up. The caregivers' QoL improved if the perception of burden decreased over time and if depression of the patient improved. The results suggest that interventions directed to reduce the caregivers' perception of burden and to improve the mental health of the ED patients would lead to improved caregiver QoL. The high attrition rate at T2 made prediction analyses unviable.
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García-Calzón S, Moleres A, Marcos A, Campoy C, Moreno LA, Azcona-Sanjulián MC, Martínez-González MA, Martínez JA, Zalba G, Marti A. Telomere length as a biomarker for adiposity changes after a multidisciplinary intervention in overweight/obese adolescents: the EVASYON study. PLoS One 2014; 9:e89828. [PMID: 24587065 PMCID: PMC3933678 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Telomeres are biomarkers of biological aging. Shorter telomeres have been associated with increased adiposity in adults. However, this relationship remains unclear in children and adolescents. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association between telomere length (TL) and adiposity markers in overweight/obese adolescents after an intensive program. We hypothesize that greater TL at baseline would predict a better response to a weight loss treatment. DESIGN SETTING PATIENTS AND INTERVENTION The EVASYON is a multidisciplinary treatment program for adolescents with overweight and obesity that is aimed at applying the intervention to all possibly involved areas of the individual, such as dietary habits, physical activity and cognitive and psychological profiles. Seventy-four participants (36 males, 38 females, 12-16 yr) were enrolled in the intervention program: 2 months of an energy-restricted diet and a follow-up period (6 months). MAIN OUTCOME TL was measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction at baseline and after 2 months; meanwhile, anthropometric variables were also assessed after 6 months of follow-up. RESULTS TL lengthened in participants during the intensive period (+1.9±1.0, p<0.001) being greater in overweight/obese adolescents with the shortest telomeres at baseline (r = -0.962, p<0.001). Multivariable linear regression analysis showed that higher baseline TL significantly predicted a higher decrease in body weight (B = -1.53, p = 0.005; B = -2.25, p = 0.047) and in standard deviation score for body mass index (BMI-SDS) (B = -0.22, p = 0.010; B = -0.47, p = 0.005) after the intensive and extensive period treatment respectively, in boys. CONCLUSION Our study shows that a weight loss intervention is accompanied by a significant increase in TL in overweight/obese adolescents. Moreover, we suggest that initial longer TL could be a potential predictor for a better weight loss response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia García-Calzón
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Adriana Moleres
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ascensión Marcos
- Immunonutrition Research Group, Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology, and Nutrition, Instituto del Frío, Spanish National Research Council, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Campoy
- Pediatric Department, Medicine School, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Luis A. Moreno
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Miguel A. Martínez-González
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - J. Alfredo Martínez
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillermo Zalba
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Amelia Marti
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Hernández E, Bargiela R, Diez MS, Friedrichs A, Pérez-Cobas AE, Gosalbes MJ, Knecht H, Martínez-Martínez M, Seifert J, von Bergen M, Artacho A, Ruiz A, Campoy C, Latorre A, Ott SJ, Moya A, Suárez A, Martins dos Santos VA, Ferrer M. Functional consequences of microbial shifts in the human gastrointestinal tract linked to antibiotic treatment and obesity. Gut Microbes 2013; 4:306-15. [PMID: 23782552 PMCID: PMC3744515 DOI: 10.4161/gmic.25321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The microbiomes in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of individuals receiving antibiotics and those in obese subjects undergo compositional shifts, the metabolic effects and linkages of which are not clearly understood. Herein, we set to gain insight into these effects, particularly with regard to carbohydrate metabolism, and to contribute to unravel the underlying mechanisms and consequences for health conditions. We measured the activity level of GIT carbohydrate-active enzymes toward 23 distinct sugars in adults patients (n = 2) receiving 14-d β-lactam therapy and in obese (n = 7) and lean (n = 5) adolescents. We observed that both 14 d antibiotic-treated and obese subjects showed higher and less balanced sugar anabolic capacities, with 40% carbohydrates being preferentially processed as compared with non-treated and lean patients. Metaproteome-wide metabolic reconstructions confirmed that the impaired utilization of sugars propagated throughout the pentose phosphate metabolism, which had adverse consequences for the metabolic status of the GIT microbiota. The results point to an age-independent positive association between GIT glycosidase activity and the body mass index, fasting blood glucose and insulin resistance (r ( 2) ≥ 0.95). Moreover, antibiotics altered the active fraction of enzymes controlling the thickness, composition and consistency of the mucin glycans. Our data and analyses provide biochemical insights into the effects of antibiotic usage on the dynamics of the GIT microbiota and pin-point presumptive links to obesity. The knowledge and the hypotheses generated herein lay a foundation for subsequent, systematic research that will be paramount for the design of "smart" dietary and therapeutic interventions to modulate host-microbe metabolic co-regulation in intestinal homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ester Hernández
- Spanish National Research Council (CSIC); Institute of Catalysis; Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Bargiela
- Spanish National Research Council (CSIC); Institute of Catalysis; Madrid, Spain
| | - María Suárez Diez
- Systems and Synthetic Biology Department; Wageningen University; Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anette Friedrichs
- Institute for Clinical Molecular Biology at the Christian-Albrechts University; Kiel, Germany
- Internal Medicine Department; University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein; Campus Kiel; Kiel, Germany
| | - Ana Elena Pérez-Cobas
- Unidad Mixta de Investigación en Genómica y Salud del Centro Superior de Investigación en Salud Pública (CSISP); Valencia, Spain
- Instituto Cavanilles de Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva de la Universitat de València; Valencia, Spain
- CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBEResp); Madrid, Spain
| | - María José Gosalbes
- Unidad Mixta de Investigación en Genómica y Salud del Centro Superior de Investigación en Salud Pública (CSISP); Valencia, Spain
- Instituto Cavanilles de Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva de la Universitat de València; Valencia, Spain
- CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBEResp); Madrid, Spain
| | - Henrik Knecht
- Institute for Clinical Molecular Biology at the Christian-Albrechts University; Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Jana Seifert
- UFZ-Helmholtz-Zentrum für Umweltforschung GmbH; Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Animal Nutrition; University of Hohenheim; Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Martin von Bergen
- UFZ-Helmholtz-Zentrum für Umweltforschung GmbH; Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Biotechnology; Chemistry and Environmental Engineering; Aalborg University; Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Alejandro Artacho
- Unidad Mixta de Investigación en Genómica y Salud del Centro Superior de Investigación en Salud Pública (CSISP); Valencia, Spain
- Instituto Cavanilles de Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva de la Universitat de València; Valencia, Spain
- CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBEResp); Madrid, Spain
| | - Alicia Ruiz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Biomedical Research Centre; University of Granada; Granada, Spain
| | - Cristina Campoy
- Department of Pediatrics; EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Paediatric Research; Biomedical Research Centre; University of Granada; Granada, Spain
| | - Amparo Latorre
- Unidad Mixta de Investigación en Genómica y Salud del Centro Superior de Investigación en Salud Pública (CSISP); Valencia, Spain
- Instituto Cavanilles de Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva de la Universitat de València; Valencia, Spain
- CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBEResp); Madrid, Spain
| | - Stephan J Ott
- Institute for Clinical Molecular Biology at the Christian-Albrechts University; Kiel, Germany
- Internal Medicine Department; University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein; Campus Kiel; Kiel, Germany
| | - Andrés Moya
- Unidad Mixta de Investigación en Genómica y Salud del Centro Superior de Investigación en Salud Pública (CSISP); Valencia, Spain
- Instituto Cavanilles de Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva de la Universitat de València; Valencia, Spain
- CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBEResp); Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Suárez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Biomedical Research Centre; University of Granada; Granada, Spain
| | - Vitor A.P. Martins dos Santos
- Systems and Synthetic Biology Department; Wageningen University; Wageningen, The Netherlands
- LifeGlimmer GmbH; Berlin, Germany
| | - Manuel Ferrer
- Spanish National Research Council (CSIC); Institute of Catalysis; Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence to: Manuel Ferrer,
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Moleres A, Campión J, Milagro FI, Marcos A, Campoy C, Garagorri JM, Gómez-Martínez S, Martínez JA, Azcona-Sanjulián MC, Martí A. Differential DNA methylation patterns between high and low responders to a weight loss intervention in overweight or obese adolescents: the EVASYON study. FASEB J 2013; 27:2504-12. [PMID: 23475851 DOI: 10.1096/fj.12-215566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, epigenetic markers emerged as a new tool to understand the influence of lifestyle factors on obesity phenotypes. Adolescence is considered an important epigenetic window over a human's lifetime. The objective of this work was to explore baseline changes in DNA methylation that could be associated with a better weight loss response after a multidisciplinary intervention program in Spanish obese or overweight adolescents. Overweight or obese adolescents (n=107) undergoing 10 wk of a multidisciplinary intervention for weight loss were assigned as high or low responders to the treatment. A methylation microarray was performed to search for baseline epigenetic differences between the 2 groups (12 subjects/group), and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry was used to validate (n=107) relevant CpG sites and surrounding regions. After validation, 5 regions located in or near AQP9, DUSP22, HIPK3, TNNT1, and TNNI3 genes showed differential methylation levels between high and low responders to the multidisciplinary weight loss intervention. Moreover, a calculated methylation score was significantly associated with changes in weight, BMI-SDS, and body fat mass loss after the treatment. In summary, we have identified 5 DNA regions that are differentially methylated depending on weight loss response. These methylation changes may help to better understand the weight loss response in obese adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Moleres
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science, Physiology, and Toxicology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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Obesity susceptibility loci on body mass index and weight loss in Spanish adolescents after a lifestyle intervention. J Pediatr 2012; 161:466-470.e2. [PMID: 22608907 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2012.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2011] [Revised: 02/10/2012] [Accepted: 04/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate the contribution of 9 obesity-related polymorphisms and a genetic predisposition score (GPS) on anthropometric and biochemical variables before and after a weight loss intervention program in overweight/obese Spanish adolescents. STUDY DESIGN Overweight/obese adolescents (n = 168; 12-16 years) participating in the EVASYON program were genotyped for 9 obesity-related single nucleotide polymorphisms in the FTO, MC4R, TMEM18, IL6, PPARG, and ADIPQ genes. RESULTS At baseline, the GPS showed a significant association with body mass index-standard deviation score (BMI-SDS) and fat mass. After 3 months of intervention, this GPS also showed a relationship with the variation of both anthropometric measurements. After adjusting for baseline BMI-SDS, subjects with a lower GPS had a greater improvement on metabolic profile, as well as a better response to physical activity, compared with those subjects with a higher GPS. CONCLUSIONS The GPS seems to have an important relationship with BMI-SDS and fat mass both at baseline and after a 3-month weight loss lifestyle intervention. Obese and overweight adolescents with a lower GPS have a greater benefit of weight loss after 3 months of a multidisciplinary lifestyle intervention.
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Romeo J, Martinez-Gomez D, Diaz LE, Gómez-Martinez S, Marti A, Martin-Matillas M, Puertollano MA, Veiga OL, Martinez JA, Wärnberg J, Zapatera B, Garagorri JM, Morandé G, Campoy C, Moreno LA, Marcos A. Changes in cardiometabolic risk factors, appetite-controlling hormones and cytokines after a treatment program in overweight adolescents: preliminary findings from the EVASYON study. Pediatr Diabetes 2011; 12:372-80. [PMID: 21615652 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-5448.2010.00753.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated the effects of the EVASYON program on body fatness, cardiometabolic risk factors, gut appetite-controlling hormones and serum levels of cytokines in adolescents with overweight or obesity (OW/OB). METHODS This study comprised 13 boys (10 obese) and 12 girls (8 obese), aged 13-16 years, from a Madrid Hospital. The EVASYON program was based on a calorie-restricted diet (10-40%), increased physical activity (at least 60 min/day 5 days a week), psychological therapy and nutritional education for 13 months. Anthropometric and blood pressure measurements were measured before and after intervention. Serum glucose, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, leptin, total peptide YY and insulin levels were determined before and after intervention. Serum levels of cytokines IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and TNF-α were also assessed before and after intervention. RESULTS A decrease in body mass index (BMI), BMI z-score, skinfolds (triceps, biceps, subscapular, thigh, and calf), sum of six skinfolds and body circumferences (arm relaxed and flexed, waist, hip, and proximal thigh) values were observed after the intervention program (all p < 0.05). In addition, diastolic blood pressure also decreased (p < 0.05). A decrease in serum leptin levels (-48.4%, p < 0.001) was observed after intervention without changes in total peptide YY and insulin levels. Levels of IL-8, IL-10, and TNF-α also decreased (all p < 0.05) after the intervention program. CONCLUSIONS These preliminary results evidence that the EVASYON program may improve body fat, leptin, and some pro-inflammatory cytokines in adolescents with OW/OB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Romeo
- Immunonutrition Research Group, Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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