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Ruffin M, Bigot J, Calmel C, Mercier J, Givelet M, Oliva J, Pizzorno A, Rosa-Calatrava M, Corvol H, Balloy V, Terrier O, Guillot L. Flagellin From Pseudomonas aeruginosa Modulates SARS-CoV-2 Infectivity in Cystic Fibrosis Airway Epithelial Cells by Increasing TMPRSS2 Expression. Front Immunol 2021; 12:714027. [PMID: 34950129 PMCID: PMC8688244 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.714027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) health crisis, one major challenge is to identify the susceptibility factors of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) in order to adapt the recommendations for populations, as well as to reduce the risk of COVID-19 development in the most vulnerable people, especially patients with chronic respiratory diseases such as cystic fibrosis (CF). Airway epithelial cells (AECs) play a critical role in the modulation of both immune responses and COVID-19 severity. SARS-CoV-2 infects the airway through the receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, and a host protease, transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2), plays a major role in SARS-CoV-2 infectivity. Here, we show that Pseudomonas aeruginosa increases TMPRSS2 expression, notably in primary AECs with deficiency of the ion channel CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). Further, we show that the main component of P. aeruginosa flagella, the protein flagellin, increases TMPRSS2 expression in primary AECs and Calu-3 cells, through activation of Toll-like receptor-5 and p38 MAPK. This increase is particularly seen in Calu-3 cells deficient for CFTR and is associated with an intracellular increased level of SARS-CoV-2 infection, however, with no effect on the amount of virus particles released. Considering the urgency of the COVID-19 health crisis, this result may be of clinical significance for CF patients, who are frequently infected with and colonized by P. aeruginosa during the course of CF and might develop COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Ruffin
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France
| | - Jeanne Bigot
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, APHP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Claire Calmel
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France
| | - Julia Mercier
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France
| | - Maëlle Givelet
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France
| | - Justine Oliva
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team VirPath, Université de Lyon, Inserm U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Andrés Pizzorno
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team VirPath, Université de Lyon, Inserm U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Manuel Rosa-Calatrava
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team VirPath, Université de Lyon, Inserm U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Harriet Corvol
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France
- Pneumologie Pédiatrique, APHP, Hôpital Trousseau, Paris, France
| | - Viviane Balloy
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France
| | - Olivier Terrier
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team VirPath, Université de Lyon, Inserm U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Loïc Guillot
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France
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Yuki K, Mitsui Y, Shibamura-Fujiogi M, Hou L, Odegard KC, Soriano SG, Priebe GP, Koutsogiannaki S. Anesthetics isoflurane and sevoflurane attenuate flagellin-mediated inflammation in the lung. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 557:254-260. [PMID: 33894411 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.04.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Isoflurane and sevoflurane are volatile anesthetics (VA) widely used in clinical practice to provide general anesthesia. We and others have previously shown that VAs have immunomodulatory effects and may have a significant impact on the progression of disease states. Flagellin is a component of Gram negative bacteria and plays a significant role in the pathophysiology of bacterial pneumonia through its binding to Toll-like Receptor 5 (TLR5). Our results showed that VAs, not an intravenous anesthetic, significantly attenuated the activation of TLR5 and the release of the neutrophil chemoattractant IL-8 from lung epithelial cells. Furthermore, flagellin-induced lung injury was significantly attenuated by VAs by inhibiting neutrophil migration to the bronchoalveolar space. The lungs of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients are highly colonized by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which causes inflammation. The retrospective study of oxygenation in patients with CF who had received VA versus intravenous anesthesia suggested that VAs might have the protective effect for gas exchange. To understand the interaction between VAs and TLR5, a docking simulation was performed, which indicated that isoflurane and sevoflurane docked into the binding interphase between TLR5 and flagellin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Yuki
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Anaesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Yusuke Mitsui
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Anaesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Miho Shibamura-Fujiogi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Anaesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lifei Hou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Anaesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kirsten C Odegard
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Anaesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sulpicio G Soriano
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Anaesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gregory P Priebe
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Anaesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sophia Koutsogiannaki
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Anaesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Turner MJ, Dauletbaev N, Lands LC, Hanrahan JW. The Phosphodiesterase Inhibitor Ensifentrine Reduces Production of Proinflammatory Mediators in Well Differentiated Bronchial Epithelial Cells by Inhibiting PDE4. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2020; 375:414-429. [PMID: 33012706 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.120.000080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) anion channel that impair airway salt and fluid secretion. Excessive release of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines by CF bronchial epithelium during airway infection leads to chronic inflammation and a slow decline in lung function; thus, there is much interest in finding safe and effective treatments that reduce inflammation in CF. We showed previously that the cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor ensifentrine (RPL554; Verona Pharma) stimulates the channel function of CFTR mutants with abnormal gating and also those with defective trafficking that are partially rescued using a clinically approved corrector drug. PDE inhibitors also have known anti-inflammatory effects; therefore, we examined whether ensifentrine alters the production of proinflammatory cytokines in CF bronchial epithelial cells. Ensifentrine reduced the production of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and granulocyte monocyte colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) during challenge with interleukin-1β Comparing the effect of ensifentrine with milrinone and roflumilast, selective PDE3 and PDE4 inhibitors, respectively, demonstrated that the anti-inflammatory effect of ensifentrine was mainly due to inhibition of PDE4. Beneficial modulation of GM-CSF was further enhanced when ensifentrine was combined with low concentrations of the β 2-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol or the corticosteroid dexamethasone. The results indicate that ensifentrine may have beneficial anti-inflammatory effects in CF airways particularly when used in combination with β 2-adrenergic agonists or corticosteroids. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Airway inflammation that is disproportionate to the burden of chronic airway infection causes much of the pathology in the cystic fibrosis (CF) lung. We show here that ensifentrine beneficially modulates the release of proinflammatory factors in well differentiated CF bronchial epithelial cells that is further enhanced when combined with β2-adrenergic agonists or low-concentration corticosteroids. The results encourage further clinical testing of ensifentrine, alone and in combination with β2-adrenergic agonists or low-concentration corticosteroids, as a novel anti-inflammatory therapy for CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J Turner
- Departments of Physiology (M.J.T., J.W.H.) and Pediatrics (N.D.) and Cystic Fibrosis Translational Research Centre (M.J.T., L.C.L., J.W.H), McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Montreal Children's Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada (N.D., L.C.L.); Research Institute - McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada (L.C.L., J.W.H.); Department of Internal, Respiratory Translational Laboratory, Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Philipps-University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany (N.D.); and Faculty of Medicine and Healthcare, al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan (N.D.)
| | - Nurlan Dauletbaev
- Departments of Physiology (M.J.T., J.W.H.) and Pediatrics (N.D.) and Cystic Fibrosis Translational Research Centre (M.J.T., L.C.L., J.W.H), McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Montreal Children's Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada (N.D., L.C.L.); Research Institute - McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada (L.C.L., J.W.H.); Department of Internal, Respiratory Translational Laboratory, Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Philipps-University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany (N.D.); and Faculty of Medicine and Healthcare, al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan (N.D.)
| | - Larry C Lands
- Departments of Physiology (M.J.T., J.W.H.) and Pediatrics (N.D.) and Cystic Fibrosis Translational Research Centre (M.J.T., L.C.L., J.W.H), McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Montreal Children's Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada (N.D., L.C.L.); Research Institute - McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada (L.C.L., J.W.H.); Department of Internal, Respiratory Translational Laboratory, Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Philipps-University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany (N.D.); and Faculty of Medicine and Healthcare, al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan (N.D.)
| | - John W Hanrahan
- Departments of Physiology (M.J.T., J.W.H.) and Pediatrics (N.D.) and Cystic Fibrosis Translational Research Centre (M.J.T., L.C.L., J.W.H), McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Montreal Children's Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada (N.D., L.C.L.); Research Institute - McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada (L.C.L., J.W.H.); Department of Internal, Respiratory Translational Laboratory, Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Philipps-University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany (N.D.); and Faculty of Medicine and Healthcare, al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan (N.D.)
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Interactions between Neutrophils and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Cystic Fibrosis. Pathogens 2017; 6:pathogens6010010. [PMID: 28282951 PMCID: PMC5371898 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens6010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) affects 70,000 patients worldwide. Morbidity and mortality in CF is largely caused by lung complications due to the triad of impaired mucociliary clearance, microbial infections and chronic inflammation. Cystic fibrosis airway inflammation is mediated by robust infiltration of polymorphonuclear neutrophil granulocytes (PMNs, neutrophils). Neutrophils are not capable of clearing lung infections and contribute to tissue damage by releasing their dangerous cargo. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen causing infections in immunocompromised individuals. P. aeruginosa is a main respiratory pathogen in CF infecting most patients. Although PMNs are key to attack and clear P. aeruginosa in immunocompetent individuals, PMNs fail to do so in CF. Understanding why neutrophils cannot clear P. aeruginosa in CF is essential to design novel therapies. This review provides an overview of the antimicrobial mechanisms by which PMNs attack and eliminate P. aeruginosa. It also summarizes current advances in our understanding of why PMNs are incapable of clearing P. aeruginosa and how this bacterium adapts to and resists PMN-mediated killing in the airways of CF patients chronically infected with P. aeruginosa.
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Rada B. Neutrophil extracellular trap release driven by bacterial motility: Relevance to cystic fibrosis lung disease. Commun Integr Biol 2017; 10:e1296610. [PMID: 28451056 PMCID: PMC5398203 DOI: 10.1080/19420889.2017.1296610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation represents a unique effector function of neutrophils (PMN). The mechanism of NET release in response to bacteria is largely unknown. We studied the process by which Pseudomonas aeruginosa, an opportunistic pathogen, interacts with primary PMNs, and found that flagellar swimming motility of the bacterium is essential for inducing NET extrusion. Cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease is associated with P. aeruginosa infection and PMN-dominated inflammation. Although NETs are abundant in CF airways, the main factors triggering NET release in CF remain unclear. Our study implicates that motile P. aeruginosa is a strong NET-inducer in CF. In early stages of CF lung disease flagellated, motile isolates of P. aeruginosa are characteristic and their interactions with PMNs could lead to NET formation. In chronic CF, P. aeruginosa down-regulates its flagellum expression to avoid recognition by the immune system and forms biofilms. Flagellated bacteria, however, are released from biofilms and could interact with PMNs to form NETs. Although flagellated forms likely represent only a small fraction of the total P. aeruginosa load in chronic CF, NET release induced by them could have a significant impact on inflammation and lung function since flagellated forms trigger the most robust response of the immune system including PMNs. Overall, we speculate that NET formation driven by motile P. aeruginosa could be a novel, significant contributor to pathogenesis at both, early and late stages of CF lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balázs Rada
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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Floyd M, Winn M, Cullen C, Sil P, Chassaing B, Yoo DG, Gewirtz AT, Goldberg JB, McCarter LL, Rada B. Swimming Motility Mediates the Formation of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Induced by Flagellated Pseudomonas aeruginosa. PLoS Pathog 2016; 12:e1005987. [PMID: 27855208 PMCID: PMC5113990 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen causing severe infections often characterized by robust neutrophilic infiltration. Neutrophils provide the first line of defense against P. aeruginosa. Aside from their defense conferred by phagocytic activity, neutrophils also release neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) to immobilize bacteria. Although NET formation is an important antimicrobial process, the details of its mechanism are largely unknown. The identity of the main components of P. aeruginosa responsible for triggering NET formation is unclear. In this study, our focus was to identify the main bacterial factors mediating NET formation and to gain insight into the underlying mechanism. We found that P. aeruginosa in its exponential growth phase promoted strong NET formation in human neutrophils while its NET-inducing ability dramatically decreased at later stages of bacterial growth. We identified the flagellum as the primary component of P. aeruginosa responsible for inducing NET extrusion as flagellum-deficient bacteria remained seriously impaired in triggering NET formation. Purified P. aeruginosa flagellin, the monomeric component of the flagellum, does not stimulate NET formation in human neutrophils. P. aeruginosa-induced NET formation is independent of the flagellum-sensing receptors TLR5 and NLRC4 in both human and mouse neutrophils. Interestingly, we found that flagellar motility, not flagellum binding to neutrophils per se, mediates NET release induced by flagellated bacteria. Immotile, flagellar motor-deficient bacterial strains producing paralyzed flagella did not induce NET formation. Forced contact between immotile P. aeruginosa and neutrophils restored their NET-inducing ability. Both the motAB and motCD genetic loci encoding flagellar motor genes contribute to maximal NET release; however the motCD genes play a more important role. Phagocytosis of P. aeruginosa and superoxide production by neutrophils were also largely dependent upon a functional flagellum. Taken together, the flagellum is herein presented for the first time as the main organelle of planktonic bacteria responsible for mediating NET release. Furthermore, flagellar motility, rather than binding of the flagellum to flagellum-sensing receptors on host cells, is required for P. aeruginosa to induce NET release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison Floyd
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Matthew Winn
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Christian Cullen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Payel Sil
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Benoit Chassaing
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity, & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Dae-goon Yoo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Andrew T. Gewirtz
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity, & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Joanna B. Goldberg
- Division of Pulmonology, Allergy/Immunology, Cystic Fibrosis and Sleep, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Linda L. McCarter
- Carver College of Medicine, Department of Microbiology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Balázs Rada
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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