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Walker KW, Foltz IN, Wang T, Salimi-Moosavi H, Bailis JM, Lee F, An P, Smith S, Bruno R, Wang Z. The serum protein transthyretin as a platform for dimerization and tetramerization of antibodies and Fab fragments to enable target clustering. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:10446-10455. [PMID: 32518163 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.013135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Transthyretin (TTR) is an abundant homotetrameric serum protein and was selected here for engineering higher-valency molecules because of its compact size, simple structure, and natural propensity to tetramerize. To demonstrate this utility, we fused TTR to the C terminus of conatumumab, an antibody that targets tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand receptor 2, as heavy chains to form antibody dimers and Fab heavy chains to form Fab tetramers. Moreover, we used constant heavy domain 3 heterodimerization substitutions to create TTR-mediated conatumumab tetramers. The conatumumab-TTR fusions displayed substantially enhanced potency in cell-based assays, as well as in murine tumor xenograft models. We conclude that antibody-TTR fusions may provide a powerful platform for multimerizing antibody and Fab fragments to enhance the capabilities of human therapeutics that benefit from target clustering and higher-order antigen-binding valency.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ian N Foltz
- Amgen Research, Amgen British Columbia, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Tina Wang
- Amgen Research, Amgen British Columbia, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Julie M Bailis
- Amgen Research, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Fei Lee
- Amgen Research, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Phillip An
- Amgen Research, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California, USA
| | - Stephen Smith
- Amgen Research, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California, USA
| | - Richele Bruno
- Amgen Research, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California, USA
| | - Zhulun Wang
- Amgen Research, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
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Dostert C, Grusdat M, Letellier E, Brenner D. The TNF Family of Ligands and Receptors: Communication Modules in the Immune System and Beyond. Physiol Rev 2019; 99:115-160. [DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00045.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and TNF receptor (TNFR) superfamilies (TNFSF/TNFRSF) include 19 ligands and 29 receptors that play important roles in the modulation of cellular functions. The communication pathways mediated by TNFSF/TNFRSF are essential for numerous developmental, homeostatic, and stimulus-responsive processes in vivo. TNFSF/TNFRSF members regulate cellular differentiation, survival, and programmed death, but their most critical functions pertain to the immune system. Both innate and adaptive immune cells are controlled by TNFSF/TNFRSF members in a manner that is crucial for the coordination of various mechanisms driving either co-stimulation or co-inhibition of the immune response. Dysregulation of these same signaling pathways has been implicated in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, highlighting the importance of their tight regulation. Investigation of the control of TNFSF/TNFRSF activities has led to the development of therapeutics with the potential to reduce chronic inflammation or promote anti-tumor immunity. The study of TNFSF/TNFRSF proteins has exploded over the last 30 yr, but there remains a need to better understand the fundamental mechanisms underlying the molecular pathways they mediate to design more effective anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Dostert
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Experimental and Molecular Immunology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Odense Research Center for Anaphylaxis, Department of Dermatology and Allergy Center, Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; and Life Sciences Research Unit, Molecular Disease Mechanisms Group, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Melanie Grusdat
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Experimental and Molecular Immunology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Odense Research Center for Anaphylaxis, Department of Dermatology and Allergy Center, Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; and Life Sciences Research Unit, Molecular Disease Mechanisms Group, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Elisabeth Letellier
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Experimental and Molecular Immunology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Odense Research Center for Anaphylaxis, Department of Dermatology and Allergy Center, Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; and Life Sciences Research Unit, Molecular Disease Mechanisms Group, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Dirk Brenner
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Experimental and Molecular Immunology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Odense Research Center for Anaphylaxis, Department of Dermatology and Allergy Center, Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; and Life Sciences Research Unit, Molecular Disease Mechanisms Group, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
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Chakrabandhu K, Hueber AO. Fas Versatile Signaling and Beyond: Pivotal Role of Tyrosine Phosphorylation in Context-Dependent Signaling and Diseases. Front Immunol 2016; 7:429. [PMID: 27799932 PMCID: PMC5066474 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Fas/FasL system is known, first and foremost, as a potent apoptosis activator. While its proapoptotic features have been studied extensively, evidence that the Fas/FasL system can elicit non-death signals has also accumulated. These non-death signals can promote survival, proliferation, migration, and invasion of cells. The key molecular mechanism that determines the shift from cell death to non-death signals had remained unclear until the recent identification of the tyrosine phosphorylation in the death domain of Fas as the reversible signaling switch. In this review, we present the connection between the recent findings regarding the control of Fas multi-signals and the context-dependent signaling choices. This information can help explain variable roles of Fas signaling pathway in different pathologies.
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The X-Linked Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein Inhibitor Embelin Suppresses Inflammation and Bone Erosion in Collagen Antibody Induced Arthritis Mice. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:564042. [PMID: 26347311 PMCID: PMC4539506 DOI: 10.1155/2015/564042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Revised: 09/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective. To investigate the effect of Embelin, an inhibitor of X-Linked Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein (XIAP), on inflammation and bone erosion in a collagen antibody induced arthritis (CAIA) in mice. Methods. Four groups of mice (n = 6 per group) were allocated: CAIA untreated mice, CAIA treated with Prednisolone (10 mg/kg/day), CAIA treated with low dose Embelin (30 mg/kg/day), and CAIA treated with high dose Embelin (50 mg/kg/day). Joint inflammation was evaluated using clinical paw score and histological assessments. Bone erosion was assessed using micro-CT, tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining, and serum carboxy-terminal collagen crosslinks (CTX-1) ELISA. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect XIAP protein. TUNEL was performed to identify apoptotic cells. Results. Low dose, but not high dose Embelin, suppressed inflammation as reflected by lower paw scores (P < 0.05) and lower histological scores for inflammation. Low dose Embelin reduced serum CTX-1 (P < 0.05) and demonstrated lower histological score and TRAP counting, and slightly higher bone volume as compared to CAIA untreated mice. XIAP expression was not reduced but TUNEL positive cells were more abundant in Embelin treated CAIA mice. Conclusion. Low dose Embelin suppressed inflammation and serum CTX-1 in CAIA mice, indicating a potential use for Embelin to treat pathological bone loss.
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Romano E, Manetti M, Peruzzi F, Melchiorre D, Milia AF, Bellando-Randone S, Nishioka K, Innocenti M, Carulli C, Linari S, Morfini M, Ibba-Manneschi L, Matucci-Cerinic M, Guiducci S. Agonistic anti-human Fas monoclonal antibody induces fibroblast-like synoviocyte apoptosis in haemophilic arthropathy: potential therapeutic implications. Haemophilia 2013; 20:e32-9. [DOI: 10.1111/hae.12304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Romano
- Section of Internal Medicine; Division of Rheumatology; Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine; Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, and DENOthe Centre; University of Florence; Florence Italy
| | - M. Manetti
- Section of Anatomy and Histology; Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine; University of Florence; Florence Italy
| | - F. Peruzzi
- Section of Internal Medicine; Division of Rheumatology; Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine; Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, and DENOthe Centre; University of Florence; Florence Italy
| | - D. Melchiorre
- Section of Internal Medicine; Division of Rheumatology; Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine; Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, and DENOthe Centre; University of Florence; Florence Italy
| | - A. F. Milia
- Section of Anatomy and Histology; Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine; University of Florence; Florence Italy
| | - S. Bellando-Randone
- Section of Internal Medicine; Division of Rheumatology; Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine; Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, and DENOthe Centre; University of Florence; Florence Italy
| | - K. Nishioka
- Institute of Medical Science; Tokyo Medical University; Tokyo Japan
| | - M. Innocenti
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine; University of Florence; Florence Italy
| | - C. Carulli
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine; University of Florence; Florence Italy
| | - S. Linari
- Regional Reference Center for Inherited Coagulopathies; Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi; University of Florence; Florence Italy
| | - M. Morfini
- Regional Reference Center for Inherited Coagulopathies; Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi; University of Florence; Florence Italy
| | - L. Ibba-Manneschi
- Section of Anatomy and Histology; Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine; University of Florence; Florence Italy
| | - M. Matucci-Cerinic
- Section of Internal Medicine; Division of Rheumatology; Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine; Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, and DENOthe Centre; University of Florence; Florence Italy
| | - S. Guiducci
- Section of Internal Medicine; Division of Rheumatology; Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine; Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, and DENOthe Centre; University of Florence; Florence Italy
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Jefferis R. Isotype and glycoform selection for antibody therapeutics. Arch Biochem Biophys 2012; 526:159-66. [PMID: 22465822 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2012.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2012] [Revised: 03/12/2012] [Accepted: 03/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We live in a hostile environment but are protected by the innate and adaptive immune system. A major component of the latter is mediated by antibody molecules that bind to pathogens, with exquisite specificity, and the immune complex formed activates cellular mechanisms leading to the removal and destruction of the complex. Five classes of antibody are identified; however, the IgG class predominates in serum and a majority of monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapeutics are based on the IgG format. Selection within the antibody repertoire allows the generation of (mAb) having specificity for any selected target, including human antigens. This review focuses on the structure and function of the Fc region of IgG molecules that mediates biologic functions, within immune complexes, by interactions with cellular Fc receptors (FcγR) and/or the C1q component of complement. A property of IgG that is suited to its use as a therapeutic is the long catabolic half life of ~21 days, mediated through the structurally distinct neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn). Our understanding of structure/function relationships is such that we can contemplate engineering the IgG-Fc to enhance or eliminate biologic activities to generate therapeutics considered optimal for a given disease indication. There are four subclasses of human IgG that exhibit high sequence homology but a unique profile of biologic activities. The FcγR and the C1q binding functions are dependent on glycosylation of the IgG-Fc. Normal human serum IgG is comprised of multiple glycoforms and biologic activities, other than catabolism, varies between glycoforms.
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Vinay DS, Kwon BS. Targeting TNF superfamily members for therapeutic intervention in rheumatoid arthritis. Cytokine 2011; 57:305-12. [PMID: 22209079 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2011.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2011] [Revised: 12/02/2011] [Accepted: 12/06/2011] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an inflammatory disease is one of the most serious medical problems, affecting ∼1% of all people worldwide, irrespective of race. The disease is autoimmune in nature and characterized by chronic inflammation of the synovial tissues in multiple joints that leads to joint destruction. Although T cells are central players in RA development, B cells are required for full penetrance of disease largely via their production of autoantibodies against Fc domain of IgG rheumatoid factor (RF). Treatment options for RA are limited and if any, are inadequate due to associated side effects. Members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily play important roles in a number of autoimmune diseases, including RA. In this review, we briefly summarize key features of the superfamily, we will consider how the well-characterized members concerned with immune regulation are coordinated and their roles in rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dass S Vinay
- Section of Clinical Immunology, Allergy, and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
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Improved isolation and purification of functional human Fas receptor extracellular domain using baculovirus-silkworm expression system. Protein Expr Purif 2011; 80:102-9. [PMID: 21782025 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2011.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2011] [Revised: 07/04/2011] [Accepted: 07/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
To achieve an efficient isolation of human Fas receptor extracellular domain (hFasRECD), a fusion protein of hFasRECD with human IgG1 heavy chain Fc domain containing thrombin cleavage sequence at the junction site was overexpressed using baculovirus-silkworm larvae expression system. The hFasRECD part was separated from the fusion protein by the effective cleavage of the recognition site with bovine thrombin. Protein G column treatment of the reaction mixture and the subsequent cation-exchange chromatography provided purified hFasRECD with a final yield of 13.5mg from 25.0 ml silkworm hemolymph. The functional activity of the product was examined by size-exclusion chromatography analysis. The isolated hFasRECD less strongly interacted with human Fas ligand extracellular domain (hFasLECD) than the Fc domain-bridged counterpart, showing the contribution of antibody-like avidity in the latter case. The purified glycosylated hFasRECD presented several discrete bands in the disulphide-bridge non-reducing SDS-PAGE analysis, and virtually all of the components were considered to participate in the binding to hFasLECD. The attached glycans were susceptible to PNGase F digestion, but mostly resistant to Endo Hf digestion under denaturing conditions. One of the components exhibited a higher susceptibility to PNGase F digestion under non-denaturing conditions.
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Vinay DS, Kwon BS. The tumour necrosis factor/TNF receptor superfamily: therapeutic targets in autoimmune diseases. Clin Exp Immunol 2011; 164:145-57. [PMID: 21401577 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2011.04375.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases are characterized by the body's ability to mount immune attacks on self. This results from recognition of self-proteins and leads to organ damage due to increased production of pathogenic inflammatory molecules and autoantibodies. Over the years, several new potential therapeutic targets have been identified in autoimmune diseases, notable among which are members of the tumour necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily. Here, we review the evidence that certain key members of this superfamily can augment/suppress autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Vinay
- Section of Clinical Immunology, Allergy, and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
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