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Berg FM, Correia ETO, Abenojar EC, Basilion JP, Rosol TJ, Baroni RH, Exner AA, Bittencourt LK. Multispecies comparative prostate anatomy by imaging: Implications for experimental models of prostatic disease. Prostate 2024; 84:682-693. [PMID: 38477025 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is an increasing interest in using preclinical models for development and assessment of medical devices and imaging techniques for prostatic disease care. Still, a comprehensive assessment of the prostate's radiological anatomy in primary preclinical models such as dogs, rabbits, and mice utilizing human anatomy as a reference point remains necessary with no optimal model for each purpose being clearly defined in the literature. Therefore, this study compares the anatomical characteristics of different animal models to the human prostatic gland from the imaging perspective. METHODS We imaged five Beagle laboratory dogs, five New Zealand White rabbits, and five mice, all sexually mature males, under Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) approval. Ultrasonography (US) was performed using the Vevo® F2 for mice (57 MHz probe). Rabbits and dogs were imaged using the Siemens® Acuson S3000 (17 MHz probe) and endocavitary (8 MHz) probes, respectively. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was also conducted with a 7T scanner in mice and 3T scanner in rabbits and dogs. RESULTS Canine transrectal US emerged as the optimal method for US imaging, depicting a morphologically similar gland to humans but lacking echoic zonal differentiation. MRI findings in canines indicated a homogeneously structured gland similar to the human peripheral zone on T2-weighted images (T2W) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC). In rabbits, US imaging faced challenges due to the pubic symphysis, whereas MRI effectively visualized all structures with the prostate presenting a similar aspect to the human peripheral gland on T2W and ADC maps. Murine prostate assessment revealed poor visualization of the prostate glands in ultrasound due to its small size, while 7T MRI delineated the distinct prostates and its lobes, with the lateral and dorsal prostate resembling the peripheral zone and the anterior prostate the central zone of the human gland. CONCLUSION Dogs stand out as superior models for advanced preclinical studies in prostatic disease research. However, mice present as a good model for early stage studies and rabbits are a cost-effective alternative and serve as valuable tools in specific research domains when canine research is not feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe M Berg
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo T O Correia
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Eric C Abenojar
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - James P Basilion
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Thomas J Rosol
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
| | - Ronaldo H Baroni
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Agata A Exner
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Zhang R, Singh S, Pan C, Xu B, Kindblom J, Eng KH, Krolewski JJ, Nastiuk KL. Rate of castration-induced prostate stroma regression is reduced in a mouse model of benign prostatic hyperplasia. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL UROLOGY 2023; 11:12-26. [PMID: 36923722 PMCID: PMC10009314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a non-neoplastic proliferative disease producing lower urinary tract symptoms related to the resulting enlarged prostate. BPH is pathologically characterized by hyperplastic growth in both epithelial and stromal compartments. Androgen signaling is essential for prostate function and androgen blockade is the second-line medical therapy to relieve symptoms of BPH. Here we examined the prostates of probasin promoter-driven prolactin (Pb-PRL) transgenic mice, a robust model of BPH that spontaneously develops prostate enlargement, to investigate prostate regression in response to surgical castration. Serial ultrasound imaging demonstrated very uniform self-limited growth of Pb-PRL prostate volume that is consistent with the benign, limited cellular proliferation characteristic of BPH and that contrasts with the highly variable, exponential growth of murine prostate cancer models. Castration elicited only a partial reduction in prostate volume, relative to castration-induced regression of the normal prostate gland. The anti-androgen finasteride induced a diminished reduction of Pb-PRL prostate volume versus castration. The limited extent of Pb-PRL mouse prostate volume regression correlated with the initial volume of the stromal compartment, suggesting a differential sensitivity of the epithelial and stromal compartments to androgen withdrawal. Indeed, two-dimensional morphometric analyses revealed a distinctly reduced rate of regression for the stromal compartment in Pb-PRL mice. The myofibroblast component of the Pb-PRL prostate stroma appeared normal, but the stromal compartment contained more fibroblasts and extracellular collagen deposition. Like normal prostate, the rate of regression of the Pb-PRL prostate was partially dependent on TGFß and TNF signaling, but unlike the normal prostate, the extent of castration-induced regression was not affected by TGFß or TNF blockade. Our studies show that androgen deprivation can effectively reduce the overall volume of hyperplastic prostate, but the stromal compartment is relatively resistant, suggesting additional therapies might be required to offer an effective treatment for the clinical manifestations of BPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renyuan Zhang
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Genomics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center Buffalo, NY 14263 USA
| | - Shalini Singh
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Genomics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center Buffalo, NY 14263 USA
| | - Chunliu Pan
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Genomics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center Buffalo, NY 14263 USA
| | - Bo Xu
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center Buffalo, NY 14263 USA
| | - Jon Kindblom
- Department of Oncology, University of Gothenburg Goteborg 41345, Sweden
| | - Kevin H Eng
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Genomics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center Buffalo, NY 14263 USA.,Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center Buffalo, NY 14263 USA.,Bristol Myers Squibb Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - John J Krolewski
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Genomics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center Buffalo, NY 14263 USA.,Department of Biology and Interdisciplinary Unit, Data Science and Analytics, Buffalo State College, State University of New York New York, NY 14263, USA
| | - Kent L Nastiuk
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Genomics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center Buffalo, NY 14263 USA.,Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
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Zhang H, Ke Z, Dong S, Du Y, Tang W, Chen M, Yu W, Cheng Q. Eldecalcitol prevents muscle loss by suppressing PI3K/AKT/FOXOs pathway in orchiectomized mice. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1018480. [PMID: 36386197 PMCID: PMC9650589 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1018480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Elderly male patients are susceptible to develop osteoporosis and sarcopenia, especially those with fragility fractures, hypogonadism, and prostate cancer with androgen deprivation therapy. However, at present, very few treatments are available for men with sarcopenia. Previous preclinical studies in ovariectomized rats have shown the promising effects of eldecalcitol in ameliorating the bone strength and muscle atrophy. We thus investigated the effects of eldecalcitol on androgen-deficient male mice. Six-week-old male mice underwent orchiectomy (ORX) or sham surgery. Mice were randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 12/per group), including 1) sham mice, 2) ORX group, 3) ORX eldecalcitol 30 ng/kg, and 4) ORX eldecalcitol 50 ng/kg. Eldecalcitol increased bone mass and strength of femur in ORX mice. Eldecalcitol 30 ng/kg dose completely rescued ORX-induced muscle weakness. The RT-qPCR showed that eldecalcitol enhanced the mRNA levels of type I and IIa fibers. The expression levels of MuRF1 and Atrogin-1 of gastrocnemius in the eldecalcitol groups were much lower than that of the ORX group. It is assumed that eldecalcitol potentially acts via PI3K/AKT/FOXOs signaling pathway. These findings provide evidence for evaluating eldecalcitol as an investigational treatment for male patients with sarcopenia and osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haichao Zhang
- Department of Osteoporosis and Bone Disease, Research Section of Geriatric Metabolic Bone Disease, Shanghai Geriatric Institute, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng Ke
- Medical Division, Chugai Pharma China Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Yanping Du
- Department of Osteoporosis and Bone Disease, Research Section of Geriatric Metabolic Bone Disease, Shanghai Geriatric Institute, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjing Tang
- Department of Osteoporosis and Bone Disease, Research Section of Geriatric Metabolic Bone Disease, Shanghai Geriatric Institute, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Minmin Chen
- Department of Osteoporosis and Bone Disease, Research Section of Geriatric Metabolic Bone Disease, Shanghai Geriatric Institute, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weijia Yu
- Department of Osteoporosis and Bone Disease, Research Section of Geriatric Metabolic Bone Disease, Shanghai Geriatric Institute, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qun Cheng
- Department of Osteoporosis and Bone Disease, Research Section of Geriatric Metabolic Bone Disease, Shanghai Geriatric Institute, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Qun Cheng,
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Ni J, Bongers A, Chamoli U, Bucci J, Graham P, Li Y. In Vivo 3D MRI Measurement of Tumour Volume in an Orthotopic Mouse Model of Prostate Cancer. Cancer Control 2019; 26:1073274819846590. [PMID: 31032634 PMCID: PMC6488786 DOI: 10.1177/1073274819846590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (CaP) is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in males in western
countries. Orthotopic implantation is considered as an ideal xenograft model for
CaP study, and noninvasive measurement of tumor volume changes is important for
monitoring responses to anticancer therapies. In this study, the T2-weighted
fast spin echo sequence magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed on a CaP
orthotopic non-obese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency (NOD/SCID) mouse
model weekly for 6 weeks post PC-3 CaP cell inoculation, and the fat signal was
suppressed using a chemical shift-selective pulse. Subsequently, the MRI data
were imported into the image processing software Avizo Standard and stacked into
three-dimensional (3D) volumes. Our results demonstrate that MRI, combined with
3D reconstruction, is a feasible and sensitive method to assess tumor growth in
a PC-3 orthotopic CaP mouse model and this established monitoring approach is
promising for longitudinal observation of CaP xenograft development after
anticancer therapy in vivo. Further investigation is needed to
validate this protocol in a larger cohort of mice to generate enough statistical
power.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ni
- 1 Cancer Care Centre, St George Hospital, Kogarah, New South Wales, Australia.,2 St George and Sutherland Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Andre Bongers
- 3 Biological Resource Imaging Laboratory, UNSW Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Uphar Chamoli
- 4 Spine Service, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, St George and Sutherland Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Kogarah, New South Wales, Australia.,5 School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Joseph Bucci
- 1 Cancer Care Centre, St George Hospital, Kogarah, New South Wales, Australia.,2 St George and Sutherland Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Peter Graham
- 1 Cancer Care Centre, St George Hospital, Kogarah, New South Wales, Australia.,2 St George and Sutherland Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yong Li
- 1 Cancer Care Centre, St George Hospital, Kogarah, New South Wales, Australia.,2 St George and Sutherland Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,6 School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Henan, China
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5
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Fiordelisi MF, Cavaliere C, Auletta L, Basso L, Salvatore M. Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Translational Research in Oncology. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8111883. [PMID: 31698697 PMCID: PMC6912299 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8111883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The translation of results from the preclinical to the clinical setting is often anything other than straightforward. Indeed, ideas and even very intriguing results obtained at all levels of preclinical research, i.e., in vitro, on animal models, or even in clinical trials, often require much effort to validate, and sometimes, even useful data are lost or are demonstrated to be inapplicable in the clinic. In vivo, small-animal, preclinical imaging uses almost the same technologies in terms of hardware and software settings as for human patients, and hence, might result in a more rapid translation. In this perspective, magnetic resonance imaging might be the most translatable technique, since only in rare cases does it require the use of contrast agents, and when not, sequences developed in the lab can be readily applied to patients, thanks to their non-invasiveness. The wide range of sequences can give much useful information on the anatomy and pathophysiology of oncologic lesions in different body districts. This review aims to underline the versatility of this imaging technique and its various approaches, reporting the latest preclinical studies on thyroid, breast, and prostate cancers, both on small laboratory animals and on human patients, according to our previous and ongoing research lines.
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Initial Experience With Staging Rectal Adenocarcinoma Using 7T Magnetic Resonance Imaging. J Surg Res 2019; 245:434-440. [PMID: 31445495 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2019.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become the preferred method for local staging of rectal cancer. Current MRI technology, operating at 1.5-3 T, results in incorrectly reported tumor depth and therefore inaccurate staging in one-third of individuals. Inaccurate staging can result in suboptimal treatment in patients with rectal cancer and can submit them to unnecessary treatments. The Medical College of Wisconsin Center for Imaging Research houses one of approximately twenty experimental 7 T MRIs worldwide capable of imaging the human pelvis. We present our initial experience with this novel imaging technique for the human rectum. METHODS This was a prospective observational trial conducted at a single institution. Patients diagnosed with rectal cancer and who underwent low anterior resection or abdominoperineal resection between July 2015 and July 2017 were included. Excised rectal specimens were suspended in a saline-filled container and imaged by MRI at 7T. Tumor depth and lymph node status were determined by a single radiologist who was blinded to the pathologic results. These MRI interpretations were then compared with the pathologic stage. RESULTS Seven of the 10 patients received neoadjuvant chemoradiation. When using the T1-weighted volumetric interpolated breath-hold examination-flex fat-suppressed sequences, radiologic and pathologic interpretation was identical regarding tumor depth in 7 of 10 patients (70%). Nodal status was correctly interpreted by 7T MRI in 8 of 10 patients (80%). Lymph nodes as small as 2 mm were able to be correctly characterized as harboring malignancy. CONCLUSIONS We have demonstrated that 7T MRI of the rectum ex vivo has a strong correlation with histologic results. With its superior signal-to-noise ratio and spatial resolution, 7T MRI holds promise in more accurately staging rectal cancer and may be useful in correctly categorizing response to neoadjuvant therapy.
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7
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Zhang Y, Wang D, Li M, Wei X, Liu S, Zhao M, Liu C, Wang X, Jiang X, Li X, Zhang S, Bergquist J, Wang B, Yang C, Mi J, Tian G. Quantitative Proteomics of TRAMP Mice Combined with Bioinformatics Analysis Reveals That PDGF-B Regulatory Network Plays a Key Role in Prostate Cancer Progression. J Proteome Res 2018; 17:2401-2411. [PMID: 29863873 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.8b00158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate (TRAMP) mice is a widely used transgenic animal model of prostate cancer (PCa). We performed a label-free quantitative proteomics analysis combined with a bioinformatics analysis on the entire prostate protein extraction from TRAMP mice and compared it with WT littermates. From 2379 total identified proteins, we presented a modest mice prostate reference proteome containing 919 proteins. 61 proteins presented a significant expression difference between two groups. The integrative bioinformatics analysis predicted the overexpression of platelet-derived growth factor B (PDGF-B) in tumor tissues and supports the hypothesis of the PDGF-B signaling network as a key upstream regulator in PCa progression. Furthermore, we demonstrated that Crenolanib, a novel PDGF receptor inhibitor, inhibited PCa cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. Finally, we revealed the importance of PDGF-B regulatory network in PCa progression, which will assist us in understanding the role and mechanisms of PDGF-B in promoting cancer growth and provide valuable knowledge for future research on anti-PDGF therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- Medicine and Pharmacy Research Center , Binzhou Medical University , Laishan District, No. 346, Guanhai Road , Yantai , Shandong Province 264003 , China
| | - Dan Wang
- Medicine and Pharmacy Research Center , Binzhou Medical University , Laishan District, No. 346, Guanhai Road , Yantai , Shandong Province 264003 , China.,Department of Radiology , Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University , 661 Second Huanghe Road , Binzhou , Shandong Province 256603 , China
| | - Min Li
- Medicine and Pharmacy Research Center , Binzhou Medical University , Laishan District, No. 346, Guanhai Road , Yantai , Shandong Province 264003 , China
| | - Xiaodan Wei
- Medicine and Pharmacy Research Center , Binzhou Medical University , Laishan District, No. 346, Guanhai Road , Yantai , Shandong Province 264003 , China
| | - Shuang Liu
- College of Enology , Binzhou Medical University , Laishan District, No. 346, Guanhai Road , Yantai , Shandong Province 264003 , China
| | - Miaoqing Zhao
- Department of Pathology , Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University , No. 324 Jingwu Weiqi Road , Jinan , Shandong Province 250021 , China
| | - Chu Liu
- Department of Urology , Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital , Zhifu District, No. 20, Yuhuangding East Road , Yantai , Shandong Province 264000 , China
| | - Xizhen Wang
- Imaging Center , Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University , Kuiwen District, No. 465, Yuhe Road , Weifang , Shandong Province 256603 , China
| | - Xingyue Jiang
- Department of Radiology , Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University , 661 Second Huanghe Road , Binzhou , Shandong Province 256603 , China
| | - Xuri Li
- Medicine and Pharmacy Research Center , Binzhou Medical University , Laishan District, No. 346, Guanhai Road , Yantai , Shandong Province 264003 , China
| | - Shuping Zhang
- Medicine and Pharmacy Research Center , Binzhou Medical University , Laishan District, No. 346, Guanhai Road , Yantai , Shandong Province 264003 , China
| | - Jonas Bergquist
- Medicine and Pharmacy Research Center , Binzhou Medical University , Laishan District, No. 346, Guanhai Road , Yantai , Shandong Province 264003 , China.,Department of Chemistry - BMC , Uppsala University , P.O. Box 599, Husargatan 3 , Uppsala 75124 , Sweden
| | - Bin Wang
- Medicine and Pharmacy Research Center , Binzhou Medical University , Laishan District, No. 346, Guanhai Road , Yantai , Shandong Province 264003 , China
| | - Chunhua Yang
- Medicine and Pharmacy Research Center , Binzhou Medical University , Laishan District, No. 346, Guanhai Road , Yantai , Shandong Province 264003 , China
| | - Jia Mi
- Medicine and Pharmacy Research Center , Binzhou Medical University , Laishan District, No. 346, Guanhai Road , Yantai , Shandong Province 264003 , China.,Department of Chemistry - BMC , Uppsala University , P.O. Box 599, Husargatan 3 , Uppsala 75124 , Sweden
| | - Geng Tian
- Medicine and Pharmacy Research Center , Binzhou Medical University , Laishan District, No. 346, Guanhai Road , Yantai , Shandong Province 264003 , China
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Wadosky KM, Koochekpour S. Androgen receptor splice variants and prostate cancer: From bench to bedside. Oncotarget 2017; 8:18550-18576. [PMID: 28077788 PMCID: PMC5392349 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic interventions for advanced prostate cancer (PCa) center on inhibiting androgen receptor (AR) and downstream signaling pathways. Resistance to androgen deprivation therapy and/or AR antagonists is inevitable and molecular mechanisms driving castration-resistant PCa (CR-PCa) primarily involve alterations in AR expression and activity. Detailed molecular biology work over the past decade, discussed at length in this review article, has revealed several AR transcripts that result from alternative splicing. These AR splice variants are increased in cell and mouse models of CR-PCa and in CR-PCa tumors. Several AR variants lack the ligand binding domain, but retain their ability to bind DNA and activate transcription-linking constitutive AR function and therapeutic failure. ARV7 is the only variant endogenously detected at the protein level and thus has undergone more thorough molecular characterization. Clinical trials in PCa are currently investigating ARV7 utility as a biomarker and new therapeutics that inhibit ARV7 . Overall, this review will illustrate the historical perspectives of AR splice variant discovery using fundamental molecular biology techniques and how it changed the clinical approach to both therapeutic decisions and strategy. The body of work investigating AR splice variants in PCa represents a true example of translational research from bench to bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine M. Wadosky
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Center for Genetics and Pharmacology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Shahriar Koochekpour
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Center for Genetics and Pharmacology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
- Department of Urology, Center for Genetics and Pharmacology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
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9
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Pan C, Singh S, Sahasrabudhe DM, Chakkalakal JV, Krolewski JJ, Nastiuk KL. TGFβ Superfamily Members Mediate Androgen Deprivation Therapy-Induced Obese Frailty in Male Mice. Endocrinology 2016; 157:4461-4472. [PMID: 27611336 PMCID: PMC5414572 DOI: 10.1210/en.2016-1580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
First line treatment for recurrent and metastatic prostate cancer is androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). Use of ADT has been increasing in frequency and duration, such that side effects increasingly impact patient quality of life. One of the most significant side effects of ADT is sarcopenia, which leads to a loss of skeletal muscle mass and function, resulting in a clinical disability syndrome known as obese frailty. Using aged mice, we developed a mouse model of ADT-induced sarcopenia that closely resembles the phenotype seen in patients, including loss of skeletal muscle strength, reduced lean muscle mass, and increased adipose tissue. Sarcopenia onset occurred about 6 weeks after castration and was blocked by a soluble receptor (ActRIIB-Fc) that binds multiple TGFβ superfamily members, including myostatin, growth differentiation factor 11, activin A, activin B, and activin AB. Analysis of ligand expression in both gastrocnemius and triceps brachii muscles demonstrates that each of these proteins is induced in response to ADT, in 1 of 3 temporal patterns. Specifically, activin A and activin AB levels increase and decline before onset of strength loss at 6 weeks after castration, and myostatin levels increase coincident with the onset of strength loss and then decline. In contrast, activin B and growth differentiation factor 11 levels increase after the onset of strength loss, 8-10 weeks after castration. The observed patterns of ligand induction may represent differential contributions to the development and/or maintenance of sarcopenia. We hypothesize that some or all of these ligands are targets for therapy to ameliorate ADT-induced sarcopenia in prostate cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunliu Pan
- Department of Cancer Genetics (C.P., S.S., J.J.K., K.L.N.) and Center for Personalized Medicine (J.J.K.), Roswell Park Cancer Institute; Buffalo, New York 14263; and James P. Wilmot Cancer Center and Department of Medicine (D.M.S.), Department of Orthopedics and Center for Musculoskeletal Research (J.V.C.), and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (K.L.N.), University of Rochester, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York 14642
| | - Shalini Singh
- Department of Cancer Genetics (C.P., S.S., J.J.K., K.L.N.) and Center for Personalized Medicine (J.J.K.), Roswell Park Cancer Institute; Buffalo, New York 14263; and James P. Wilmot Cancer Center and Department of Medicine (D.M.S.), Department of Orthopedics and Center for Musculoskeletal Research (J.V.C.), and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (K.L.N.), University of Rochester, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York 14642
| | - Deepak M Sahasrabudhe
- Department of Cancer Genetics (C.P., S.S., J.J.K., K.L.N.) and Center for Personalized Medicine (J.J.K.), Roswell Park Cancer Institute; Buffalo, New York 14263; and James P. Wilmot Cancer Center and Department of Medicine (D.M.S.), Department of Orthopedics and Center for Musculoskeletal Research (J.V.C.), and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (K.L.N.), University of Rochester, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York 14642
| | - Joe V Chakkalakal
- Department of Cancer Genetics (C.P., S.S., J.J.K., K.L.N.) and Center for Personalized Medicine (J.J.K.), Roswell Park Cancer Institute; Buffalo, New York 14263; and James P. Wilmot Cancer Center and Department of Medicine (D.M.S.), Department of Orthopedics and Center for Musculoskeletal Research (J.V.C.), and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (K.L.N.), University of Rochester, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York 14642
| | - John J Krolewski
- Department of Cancer Genetics (C.P., S.S., J.J.K., K.L.N.) and Center for Personalized Medicine (J.J.K.), Roswell Park Cancer Institute; Buffalo, New York 14263; and James P. Wilmot Cancer Center and Department of Medicine (D.M.S.), Department of Orthopedics and Center for Musculoskeletal Research (J.V.C.), and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (K.L.N.), University of Rochester, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York 14642
| | - Kent L Nastiuk
- Department of Cancer Genetics (C.P., S.S., J.J.K., K.L.N.) and Center for Personalized Medicine (J.J.K.), Roswell Park Cancer Institute; Buffalo, New York 14263; and James P. Wilmot Cancer Center and Department of Medicine (D.M.S.), Department of Orthopedics and Center for Musculoskeletal Research (J.V.C.), and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (K.L.N.), University of Rochester, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York 14642
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10
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Singh S, Pan C, Wood R, Yeh CR, Yeh S, Sha K, Krolewski JJ, Nastiuk KL. Quantitative volumetric imaging of normal, neoplastic and hyperplastic mouse prostate using ultrasound. BMC Urol 2015; 15:97. [PMID: 26391476 PMCID: PMC4578765 DOI: 10.1186/s12894-015-0091-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Genetically engineered mouse models are essential to the investigation of the molecular mechanisms underlying human prostate pathology and the effects of therapy on the diseased prostate. Serial in vivo volumetric imaging expands the scope and accuracy of experimental investigations of models of normal prostate physiology, benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer, which are otherwise limited by the anatomy of the mouse prostate. Moreover, accurate imaging of hyperplastic and tumorigenic prostates is now recognized as essential to rigorous pre-clinical trials of new therapies. Bioluminescent imaging has been widely used to determine prostate tumor size, but is semi-quantitative at best. Magnetic resonance imaging can determine prostate volume very accurately, but is expensive and has low throughput. We therefore sought to develop and implement a high throughput, low cost, and accurate serial imaging protocol for the mouse prostate. Methods We developed a high frequency ultrasound imaging technique employing 3D reconstruction that allows rapid and precise assessment of mouse prostate volume. Wild-type mouse prostates were examined (n = 4) for reproducible baseline imaging, and treatment effects on volume were compared, and blinded data analyzed for intra- and inter-operator assessments of reproducibility by correlation and for Bland-Altman analysis. Examples of benign prostatic hyperplasia mouse model prostate (n = 2) and mouse prostate implantation of orthotopic human prostate cancer tumor and its growth (n = 6) are also demonstrated. Results Serial measurement volume of the mouse prostate revealed that high frequency ultrasound was very precise. Following endocrine manipulation, regression and regrowth of the prostate could be monitored with very low intra- and interobserver variability. This technique was also valuable to monitor the development of prostate growth in a model of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Additionally, we demonstrate accurate ultrasound image-guided implantation of orthotopic tumor xenografts and monitoring of subsequent tumor growth from ~10 to ~750 mm3 volume. Discussion High frequency ultrasound imaging allows precise determination of normal, neoplastic and hyperplastic mouse prostate. Low cost and small image size allows incorporation of this imaging modality inside clean animal facilities, and thereby imaging of immunocompromised models. 3D reconstruction for volume determination is easily mastered, and both small and large relative changes in volume are accurately visualized. Ultrasound imaging does not rely on penetration of exogenous imaging agents, and so may therefore better measure poorly vascularized or necrotic diseased tissue, relative to bioluminescent imaging (IVIS). Conclusions Our method is precise and reproducible with very low inter- and intra-observer variability. Because it is non-invasive, mouse models of prostatic disease states can be imaged serially, reducing inter-animal variability, and enhancing the power to detect small volume changes following therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Singh
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA. .,Current address: Department of Cancer Genetics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, 14263, NY, USA.
| | - Chunliu Pan
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA. .,Current address: Department of Cancer Genetics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, 14263, NY, USA.
| | - Ronald Wood
- Departments of Neurobiology and Anatomy and Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA. .,Department of Urology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA.
| | - Chiuan-Ren Yeh
- Department of Urology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA.
| | - Shuyuan Yeh
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA. .,Department of Urology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA.
| | - Kai Sha
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA. .,Current address: Department of Cancer Genetics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, 14263, NY, USA.
| | - John J Krolewski
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA. .,Current address: Department of Cancer Genetics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, 14263, NY, USA.
| | - Kent L Nastiuk
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA. .,Current address: Department of Cancer Genetics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, 14263, NY, USA.
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11
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González-Billalabeitia E, Seitzer N, Song SJ, Song MS, Patnaik A, Liu XS, Epping MT, Papa A, Hobbs RM, Chen M, Lunardi A, Ng C, Webster KA, Signoretti S, Loda M, Asara JM, Nardella C, Clohessy JG, Cantley LC, Pandolfi PP. Vulnerabilities of PTEN-TP53-deficient prostate cancers to compound PARP-PI3K inhibition. Cancer Discov 2014; 4:896-904. [PMID: 24866151 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-13-0230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Prostate cancer is the most prevalent cancer in males, and treatment options are limited for advanced forms of the disease. Loss of the PTEN and TP53 tumor suppressor genes is commonly observed in prostate cancer, whereas their compound loss is often observed in advanced prostate cancer. Here, we show that PARP inhibition triggers a p53-dependent cellular senescence in a PTEN-deficient setting in the prostate. Surprisingly, we also find that PARP-induced cellular senescence is morphed into an apoptotic response upon compound loss of PTEN and p53. We further show that superactivation of the prosurvival PI3K-AKT signaling pathway limits the efficacy of a PARP single-agent treatment, and that PARP and PI3K inhibitors effectively synergize to suppress tumorigenesis in human prostate cancer cell lines and in a Pten/Trp53-deficient mouse model of advanced prostate cancer. Our findings, therefore, identify a combinatorial treatment with PARP and PI3K inhibitors as an effective option for PTEN-deficient prostate cancer. SIGNIFICANCE The paucity of therapeutic options in advanced prostate cancer displays an urgent need for the preclinical assessment of novel therapeutic strategies. We identified differential therapeutic vulnerabilities that emerge upon the loss of both PTEN and p53, and observed that combined inhibition of PARP and PI3K provides increased efficacy in hormone-insensitive advanced prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique González-Billalabeitia
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School; Department of Medicine; Divisions of On leave of absence: Servicio de Hematología y Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, Murcia, Spain
| | - Nina Seitzer
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School; Department of Medicine; Divisions of
| | - Su Jung Song
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School; Department of Medicine; Divisions of
| | - Min Sup Song
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School; Department of Medicine; Divisions of
| | - Akash Patnaik
- Hematology/Oncology and Signal Transduction, Department of Medicine; Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School
| | - Xue-Song Liu
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School; Department of Medicine; Divisions of
| | - Mirjam T Epping
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School; Department of Medicine; Divisions of
| | - Antonella Papa
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School; Department of Medicine; Divisions of
| | - Robin M Hobbs
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School; Department of Medicine; Divisions of
| | - Ming Chen
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School; Department of Medicine; Divisions of
| | - Andrea Lunardi
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School; Department of Medicine; Divisions of
| | - Christopher Ng
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School; Department of Medicine; Divisions of
| | - Kaitlyn A Webster
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School; Department of Medicine; Divisions of
| | - Sabina Signoretti
- Preclinical Murine Pharmacogenetics Facility, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston
| | - Massimo Loda
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital; Center for Molecular Oncologic Pathology; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston; Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts; and
| | - John M Asara
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School
| | - Caterina Nardella
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School; Department of Medicine; Divisions of Preclinical Murine Pharmacogenetics Facility, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
| | - John G Clohessy
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School; Department of Medicine; Divisions of Preclinical Murine Pharmacogenetics Facility, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
| | - Lewis C Cantley
- Signal Transduction, Department of Medicine; Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School
| | - Pier Paolo Pandolfi
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School; Department of Medicine; Divisions of
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12
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Small animal magnetic resonance imaging: an efficient tool to assess liver volume and intrahepatic vascular anatomy. J Surg Res 2013; 187:458-65. [PMID: 24342872 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2013.11.1079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2013] [Revised: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To develop a noninvasive technique to assess liver volumetry and intrahepatic portal vein anatomy in a mouse model of liver regeneration. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty-two C57BL/6 male mice underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the liver using a 4.7 T small animal MRI system after no treatment, 70% partial hepatectomy (PH), or selective portal vein embolization. The protocol consisted of the following sequences: three-dimensional-encoded spoiled gradient-echo sequence (repetition time per echo time 15 per 2.7 ms, flip angle 20°) for volumetry, and two-dimensional-encoded time-of-flight angiography sequence (repetition time per echo time 18 per 6.4 ms, flip angle 80°) for vessel visualization. Liver volume and portal vein segmentation was performed using a dedicated postprocessing software. In animals with portal vein embolization, portography served as reference standard. True liver volume was measured after sacrificing the animals. Measurements were carried out by two independent observers with subsequent analysis by the Cohen κ-test for interobserver agreement. RESULTS MRI liver volumetry highly correlated with the true liver volume measurement using a conventional method in both the untreated liver and the liver remnant after 70% PH with a high interobserver correlation coefficient of 0.94 (95% confidence interval, 0.80-0.98 for untreated liver [P < 0.001] and 0.90-0.97 after 70% PH [P < 0.001]). The diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance angiography for the occlusion of one branch of the portal vein was 0.95 (95% confidence interval, 0.84-1). The level of agreement between the two observers for the description of intrahepatic vascular anatomy was excellent (Cohen κ value = 0.925). CONCLUSIONS This protocol may be used for noninvasive liver volumetry and visualization of portal vein anatomy in mice. It will serve the dynamic study of new strategies to enhance liver regeneration in vivo.
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13
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Lunardi A, Ala U, Epping MT, Salmena L, Clohessy JG, Webster KA, Wang G, Mazzucchelli R, Bianconi M, Stack EC, Lis R, Patnaik A, Cantley LC, Bubley G, Cordon-Cardo C, Gerald WL, Montironi R, Signoretti S, Loda M, Nardella C, Pandolfi PP. A co-clinical approach identifies mechanisms and potential therapies for androgen deprivation resistance in prostate cancer. Nat Genet 2013; 45:747-55. [PMID: 23727860 PMCID: PMC3787876 DOI: 10.1038/ng.2650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Accepted: 05/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Here we report an integrated analysis that leverages data from treatment of genetic mouse models of prostate cancer along with clinical data from patients to elucidate new mechanisms of castration resistance. We show that castration counteracts tumor progression in a Pten-loss driven mouse model of prostate cancer through the induction of apoptosis and proliferation block. Conversely, this response is bypassed upon deletion of either Trp53 or Lrf together with Pten, leading to the development of castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Mechanistically, the integrated acquisition of data from mouse models and patients identifies the expression patterns of XAF1-XIAP/SRD5A1 as a predictive and actionable signature for CRPC. Importantly, we show that combined inhibition of XIAP, SRD5A1, and AR pathways overcomes castration resistance. Thus, our co-clinical approach facilitates stratification of patients and the development of tailored and innovative therapeutic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Lunardi
- Cancer Genetics Program, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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14
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Ravoori M, Duggal J, Gagea M, Han L, Singh S, Liu P, Wei W, Ragan DK, Bankson JA, Ma J, Kundra V. Visualizing the prostate gland by MR imaging in young and old mice. PLoS One 2013; 8:e55746. [PMID: 23469167 PMCID: PMC3585879 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2012] [Accepted: 12/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Prostate imaging requires optimization in young and old mouse models. We tested which MR sequences and field strengths best depict the prostate gland in young and old mice; and, whether prostate MR signal, size, and architecture change with age. TECHNIQUE Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the prostate of young (2 months) and old (18 months) male nude mice (n = 6) was performed at 4.7 and 7 T and SCID mice (n = 6) at 7 T field strengths, using T1, fat suppressed T1, DWI, T2, fat suppressed T2, as well as T2-based- and proton density-based Dixon "water only" sequences. Images were ranked for best overall sequence for prostate visualization, prostate delineation, and quality of fat suppression. Prostate volume and signal characteristics were compared and histology was performed. RESULTS T2-based-Dixon "water only" images ranked best overall for prostate visualization and delineation as well as fat suppression (n = 6, P<0.001) at both 4.7 T and 7 T in nude and 7T in SCID mice. Evaluated in nude mice, T2-based Dixon "water only" had greater prostate CNR and lower fat SNR at 7 T than 4.7 T (P<0.001). Prostate volume was less in older than younger mice (n = 6, P<0.02 nude mice; n = 6, P<0.002 SCID mice). Prostate T2 FSE as well as proton density-based and T2-based-Dixon "water only" signal intensity was higher in younger than older mice (P<0.001 nude mice; P<0.01 SCID mice) both at 4.7 and 7 T. This corresponded to an increase in glandular hyperplasia in older mice by histology (P<0.01, n = 6). CONCLUSION T2-based Dixon "water only" images best depict the mouse prostate in young and old nude mice at 4.7 and 7 T. The mouse prostate decreases in size with age. The decrease in T2 and T2-based Dixon "water only" signal with age corresponds with glandular hyperplasia. Findings suggest age should be an important determinant when choosing models of prostate biology and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murali Ravoori
- Department of Experimental Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jyoti Duggal
- Department of Experimental Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Mihai Gagea
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, (Section of Body Imaging), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Lin Han
- Department of Experimental Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Sheela Singh
- Department of Experimental Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Ping Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Dustin K. Ragan
- Department of Imaging Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - James A. Bankson
- Department of Imaging Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jingfei Ma
- Department of Imaging Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Vikas Kundra
- Department of Experimental Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
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15
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Genetically engineered mouse models of prostate cancer. Mol Oncol 2013; 7:190-205. [PMID: 23481269 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2013.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Accepted: 02/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite major improvement in treatment of early stage localised prostate cancer, the distinction between indolent tumors and those that will become aggressive, as well as the lack of efficient therapies of advanced prostate cancer, remain major health problems. Genetically engineered mice (GEM) have been extensively used to investigate the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying prostate tumor initiation and progression, and to evaluate new therapies. Moreover, the recent development of conditional somatic mutagenesis in the mouse prostate offers the possibility to generate new models that more faithfully reproduce the human disease, and thus should contribute to improve diagnosis and treatments. The strengths and weaknesses of various models will be discussed, as well as future opportunities.
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16
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Arbab AS, Shankar A, Varma NRS, Deeb D, Gao X, Iskander ASM, Janic B, Ali MM, Gautam SC. MRI to assess chemoprevention in transgenic adenocarcinoma of mouse prostate (TRAMP). BMC Med Imaging 2011; 11:21. [PMID: 22165848 PMCID: PMC3266191 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2342-11-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2011] [Accepted: 12/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The current method to determine the efficacy of chemoprevention in TRAMP mouse model of carcinoma of prostate (CaP) is by extracting and weighing the prostate at different time points or by immunohistochemistry analysis. Non-invasive determination of volumes of prostate glands and seminal vesicles before, during and after treatment would be valuable in investigating the efficacy of newer chemopreventive agents in CaP. The purpose of this study was to determine whether in vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using a 3 tesla clinical MRI system can be used to follow the effect of chemoprevention in TRAMP model of mouse CaP. Methods Mice were randomized into control and treated groups. The animals in treated group received 10 µmol/kg of CDDO, 5 days a week for 20 weeks. Animals underwent in vivo MRI of prostate gland and seminal vesicles by a clinical 3 Tesla MRI system just before (at 5 weeks), during and at the end of treatment, at 25 weeks. T1-weighted and fat saturation (FATSAT) multiecho fast spin echo T2- weighted images (T2WI) were acquired. Volume of the prostate glands and seminal vesicles was determined from MR images. T2 signal intensity changes in the seminal vesicles were determined by subtracting higher echo time (TE) from lower TE T2WI. Following treatments all animals were sacrificed, prostate and seminal vesicles collected, and the tissues prepared for histological staining. All data were expressed as mean ± 1 standard deviation. Two-way or multivariate analysis of variance followed by post-hoc test was applied to determine the significant differences. A p-value of <0.05 was considered significant. Results Histological analysis indicated tumor in 100% of control mice, whereas 10% of the treated mice showed tumor in prostate gland. Both MRI and measured prostate weights showed higher volume/weight in control mouse group. MRI showed significantly higher volume of seminal vesicles in control animals and T2 signal intensity changes in seminal vesicles of control mice indicating higher number of tumor foci, which was also proven by histology. Conclusions In vivo MRI is helpful in determining the efficacy of chemoprevention of prostate cancer in TRAMP mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali S Arbab
- Department of Radiology, Henry Ford Hospital, 1 Ford Place, 2F, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
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17
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Mallett CL, Foster PJ. Optimization of the balanced steady state free precession (bSSFP) pulse sequence for magnetic resonance imaging of the mouse prostate at 3T. PLoS One 2011; 6:e18361. [PMID: 21494660 PMCID: PMC3072967 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0018361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2010] [Accepted: 03/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION MRI can be used to non-invasively monitor tumour growth and response to treatment in mouse models of prostate cancer, particularly for longitudinal studies of orthotopically-implanted models. We have optimized the balanced steady-state free precession (bSSFP) pulse sequence for mouse prostate imaging. METHODS Phase cycling, excitations, flip angle and receiver bandwidth parameters were optimized for signal to noise ratio and contrast to noise ratio of the prostate. The optimized bSSFP sequence was compared to T1- and T2-weighted spin echo sequences. RESULTS SNR and CNR increased with flip angle. As bandwidth increased, SNR, CNR and artifacts such as chemical shift decreased. The final optimized sequence was 4 PC, 2 NEX, FA 50°, BW ±62.5 kHz and took 14-26 minutes with 200 µm isotropic resolution. The SNR efficiency of the bSSFP images was higher than for T1WSE and T2WSE. CNR was highest for T1WSE, followed closely by bSSFP, with the T2WSE having the lowest CNR. With the bSSFP images the whole body and organs of interest including renal, iliac, inguinal and popliteal lymph nodes were visible. CONCLUSION We were able to obtain fast, high-resolution, high CNR images of the healthy mouse prostate with an optimized bSSFP sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane L Mallett
- Department of Medical Biophysics, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
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18
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Davis JS, Nastiuk KL, Krolewski JJ. TNF is necessary for castration-induced prostate regression, whereas TRAIL and FasL are dispensable. Mol Endocrinol 2011; 25:611-20. [PMID: 21292828 DOI: 10.1210/me.2010-0312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
TNF, a proinflammatory and immune-regulatory cytokine, is a potent apoptotic stimulus in vitro. However, there have been few examples of a physiologic role for TNF-induced apoptosis in vivo. Here, we describe a novel role for TNF in prostate epithelial cell apoptosis after androgen withdrawal. Employing high-resolution serial magnetic resonance imaging to measure mouse prostate volume changes over time, we demonstrate that the extent of castration-induced prostate regression is significantly reduced in mice null for either the Tnf or Tnfr1 genes but not mice deficient for TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand or Fas signaling. Wild-type mice receiving soluble TNF (sTNF) receptor 2 (to bind TNF and block signaling) before castration exhibit an identical reduction of prostate regression. Together, these data indicate that uniquely among known extrinsic death signals, TNF is required for castration-induced prostate regression. Additionally, membrane-bound TNF protein and stromal cell specific TNF mRNA levels increase in rat prostate after castration. This is consistent with a paracrine role for TNF in prostate regression. When injected into the peritoneum of Tnf(-/-) mice at the time of castration, sTNF restores normal levels of prostate regression. However, wild-type mice receiving sTNF in the absence of castration do not exhibit prostate regression, indicating that TNF alone is not sufficient but acts in the context of additional castration-induced signals. These findings support a physiologic role for TNF in prostate regression after androgen withdrawal. Understanding this role may lead to novel therapies for prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer S Davis
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-4800, USA
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Abstract
Advances in science and technology have allowed us to manipulate the mouse genome and analyse the effect of specific genetic alterations on the development of prostate cancer in vivo. We can now analyse the molecular basis of initiation, invasion and progression to metastatic disease. The current mouse models utilise knockout, knock-in or conditional regulation of expression using Cre-loxP technology. Genes that have been targeted include homeobox genes, tumour suppressors and oncogenes, growth factors (and their receptors), steroid hormones and cell-cycle regulators, as well as pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins. Bigenic models indicate that that two 'hits' are required for progression from intra-epithelial neoplasia (PIN) to invasion carcinoma, and two to five hits are needed for metastasis. Here, we discuss the numerous models that mimic various aspects of the disease process, such as PIN, locally invasive adenocarcinoma and metastatic disease. Currently the PB-Cre4 x PTEN(loxP/loxP) mouse is the only model that spans the entire continuum from initiation to local invasion and metastasis. Such mouse models increase our understanding of the disease process and provide targets for novel therapeutic approaches. Hopefully, the transgenic models will become inducible and ultimately allow both temporal and spatial gene inactivation. Compound mutational models will also develop further, with double and triple knock-in or knockout systems adding to our knowledge of the interaction between different signalling cascades.
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Rad AM, Gao X, Deeb D, Gautam SC, Arbab AS. Imaging Mouse Prostate Gland by 3 Tesla Clinical MRI System. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 1:60-63. [PMID: 19011697 DOI: 10.2174/1874769800801010060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In vivo detection of prostate tumor in animal model will facilitate the investigations that deal with the efficacy of different treatment strategies in different experimental settings. Recently higher field strength dedicated animal MRI system has been used successfully to detect mouse prostate glands and its lesions, however, usefulness of clinical system has not been utilized to its fullest extent. In this short communication we show the advantages and disadvantages of different in vivo imaging parameters of MRI to acquire images of the mouse prostate gland using clinical strength MRI systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Rad
- Department of Radiology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan
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