1
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Ke S, Dang F, Wang L, Chen JY, Naik MT, Li W, Thavamani A, Kim N, Naik NM, Sui H, Tang W, Qiu C, Koikawa K, Batalini F, Stern Gatof E, Isaza DA, Patel JM, Wang X, Clohessy JG, Heng YJ, Lahav G, Liu Y, Gray NS, Zhou XZ, Wei W, Wulf GM, Lu KP. Reciprocal antagonism of PIN1-APC/C CDH1 governs mitotic protein stability and cell cycle entry. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3220. [PMID: 38622115 PMCID: PMC11018817 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47427-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Induced oncoproteins degradation provides an attractive anti-cancer modality. Activation of anaphase-promoting complex (APC/CCDH1) prevents cell-cycle entry by targeting crucial mitotic proteins for degradation. Phosphorylation of its co-activator CDH1 modulates the E3 ligase activity, but little is known about its regulation after phosphorylation and how to effectively harness APC/CCDH1 activity to treat cancer. Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1 (PIN1)-catalyzed phosphorylation-dependent cis-trans prolyl isomerization drives tumor malignancy. However, the mechanisms controlling its protein turnover remain elusive. Through proteomic screens and structural characterizations, we identify a reciprocal antagonism of PIN1-APC/CCDH1 mediated by domain-oriented phosphorylation-dependent dual interactions as a fundamental mechanism governing mitotic protein stability and cell-cycle entry. Remarkably, combined PIN1 and cyclin-dependent protein kinases (CDKs) inhibition creates a positive feedback loop of PIN1 inhibition and APC/CCDH1 activation to irreversibly degrade PIN1 and other crucial mitotic proteins, which force permanent cell-cycle exit and trigger anti-tumor immunity, translating into synergistic efficacy against triple-negative breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizhong Ke
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine and Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Fabin Dang
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Cancer Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Lin Wang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine and Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Jia-Yun Chen
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Mandar T Naik
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology & Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Wenxue Li
- Yale Cancer Biology Institute, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA
| | - Abhishek Thavamani
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine and Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Nami Kim
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine and Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Nandita M Naik
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology & Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Huaxiu Sui
- Key Laboratory of Functional and Clinical Translational Medicine, Fujian Province University, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, 361023, China
| | - Wei Tang
- Data Science & Artificial Intelligence, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Chenxi Qiu
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine and Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Kazuhiro Koikawa
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine and Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Felipe Batalini
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine and Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Emily Stern Gatof
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine and Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Daniela Arango Isaza
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine and Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Jaymin M Patel
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine and Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - John G Clohessy
- Preclinical Murine Pharmacogenetics Facility, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Yujing J Heng
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Cancer Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Galit Lahav
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Yansheng Liu
- Yale Cancer Biology Institute, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Nathanael S Gray
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Chem-H and Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Xiao Zhen Zhou
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Biochemistry, and Oncology, and Lawson Health Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada.
| | - Wenyi Wei
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Cancer Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
| | - Gerburg M Wulf
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine and Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
| | - Kun Ping Lu
- Departments of Biochemistry and Oncology, and Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada.
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2
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Baker GM, Bret-Mounet VC, Xu J, Fein-Zachary VJ, Tobias AM, Bartlett RA, Clohessy JG, Vlachos IS, Massicott ES, Wulf GM, Schnitt SJ, Heng YJ. Toker Cell Hyperplasia in the Nipple-Areolar Complex of Transmasculine Individuals. Mod Pathol 2023; 36:100121. [PMID: 36889065 PMCID: PMC10293043 DOI: 10.1016/j.modpat.2023.100121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
We previously reported breast histopathologic features associated with testosterone therapy in transmasculine chest-contouring surgical specimens. During that study, we observed a high frequency of intraepidermal glands in the nipple-areolar complex (NAC) formed by Toker cells. This study reports Toker cell hyperplasia (TCH)-the presence of clusters of Toker cells consisting of at least 3 contiguous cells and/or glands with lumen formation-in the transmasculine population. Increased numbers of singly dispersed Toker cells were not considered TCH. Among the 444 transmasculine individuals, 82 (18.5%) had a portion of their NAC excised and available for evaluation. We also reviewed the NACs from 55 cisgender women who were aged <50 years old and had full mastectomies. The proportion of transmasculine cases with TCH (20/82; 24.4%) was 1.7-fold higher than cisgender women (8/55; 14.5%) but did not achieve significance (P = .20). However, in cases with TCH, the rate of gland formation is 2.4-fold higher in transmasculine cases, achieving borderline significance (18/82 vs 5/55; P = .06). Among transmasculine individuals, TCH was significantly more likely to be present in those with higher body mass index (P = .03). A subset of 5 transmasculine and 5 cisgender cases were stained for estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), androgen receptor (AR), cytokeratin 7, and Ki67. All 10 cases were cytokeratin 7+ and Ki67-; 9 out of 10 cases were AR+. Toker cells in transmasculine cases demonstrated variable expression of ER, PR, and HER2. For cisgender cases, Toker cells were consistently ER+, PR-, and HER2-. In conclusion, there is a higher rate of TCH in the transmasculine than cisgender population, particularly among transmasculine individuals with high body mass index and taking testosterone. To our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate that Toker cells are AR+. Toker cell features display variable ER, PR, and HER2 immunoreactivity. The clinical significance of TCH in the transmasculine population remains to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle M Baker
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Vanessa C Bret-Mounet
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jingxiong Xu
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Valerie J Fein-Zachary
- Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Adam M Tobias
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Richard A Bartlett
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - John G Clohessy
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ioannis S Vlachos
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Erica S Massicott
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Gerburg M Wulf
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Stuart J Schnitt
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Breast Oncology Program, Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yujing J Heng
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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3
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Panella R, Cotton CA, Maymi VA, Best S, Berry KE, Lee S, Batalini F, Vlachos IS, Clohessy JG, Kauppinen S, Paolo Pandolfi P. Targeting of microRNA-22 Suppresses Tumor Spread in a Mouse Model of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11051470. [PMID: 37239141 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
microRNA-22 (miR-22) is an oncogenic miRNA whose up-regulation promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), tumor invasion, and metastasis in hormone-responsive breast cancer. Here we show that miR-22 plays a key role in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) by promoting EMT and aggressiveness in 2D and 3D cell models and a mouse xenograft model of human TNBC, respectively. Furthermore, we report that miR-22 inhibition using an LNA-modified antimiR-22 compound is effective in reducing EMT both in vitro and in vivo. Importantly, pharmacologic inhibition of miR-22 suppressed metastatic spread and markedly prolonged survival in mouse xenograft models of metastatic TNBC highlighting the potential of miR-22 silencing as a new therapeutic strategy for the treatment of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Panella
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Desert Research Institute, Reno, NV 89512, USA
- Center for RNA Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, 2450 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Cody A Cotton
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Desert Research Institute, Reno, NV 89512, USA
| | - Valerie A Maymi
- Preclinical Murine Pharmacogenetics Facility and Mouse Hospital, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Sachem Best
- Preclinical Murine Pharmacogenetics Facility and Mouse Hospital, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Kelsey E Berry
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Desert Research Institute, Reno, NV 89512, USA
| | - Samuel Lee
- Preclinical Murine Pharmacogenetics Facility and Mouse Hospital, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Felipe Batalini
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Ioannis S Vlachos
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - John G Clohessy
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Preclinical Murine Pharmacogenetics Facility and Mouse Hospital, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Sakari Kauppinen
- Center for RNA Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, 2450 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pier Paolo Pandolfi
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, 10154 Turin, Italy
- Renown Institute for Cancer, Nevada System of Higher Education, Reno, NV 89502, USA
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4
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Ke S, Dang F, Wang L, Chen JY, Naik MT, Thavamani A, Liu Y, Li W, Kim N, Naik NM, Sui H, Tang W, Qiu C, Koikawa K, Batalini F, Wang X, Clohessy JG, Heng YJ, Lahav G, Gray NS, Zho XZ, Wei W, Wulf GM, Lu KP. Reciprocal inhibition of PIN1 and APC/C CDH1 controls timely G1/S transition and creates therapeutic vulnerability. Res Sq 2023:rs.3.rs-2447544. [PMID: 36711754 PMCID: PMC9882653 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2447544/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) mediated phosphorylation inactivates the anaphase-promoting complex (APC/CCDH1), an E3 ubiquitin ligase that contains the co-activator CDH1, to promote G1/S transition. PIN1 is a phosphorylation-directed proline isomerase and a master cancer signaling regulator. However, little are known about APC/CCDH1 regulation after phosphorylation and about PIN1 ubiquitin ligases. Here we uncover a domain-oriented reciprocal inhibition that controls the timely G1/S transition: The non-phosphorylated APC/CCDH1 E3 ligase targets PIN1 for degradation in G1 phase, restraining G1/S transition; APC/CCDH1 itself, after phosphorylation by CDKs, is inactivated by PIN1-catalyzed isomerization, promoting G1/S transition. In cancer, PIN1 overexpression and APC/CCDH1 inactivation reinforce each other to promote uncontrolled proliferation and tumorigenesis. Importantly, combined PIN1- and CDK4/6-inhibition reactivates APC/CCDH1 resulting in PIN1 degradation and an insurmountable G1 arrest that translates into synergistic anti-tumor activity against triple-negative breast cancer in vivo. Reciprocal inhibition of PIN1 and APC/CCDH1 is a novel mechanism to control timely G1/S transition that can be harnessed for synergistic anti-cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizhong Ke
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine and Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Fabin Dang
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Cancer Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Lin Wang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine and Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Jia-Yun Chen
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Mandar T Naik
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology & Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Abhishek Thavamani
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine and Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Yansheng Liu
- Yale Cancer Biology Institute, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
| | - Wenxue Li
- Yale Cancer Biology Institute, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Nami Kim
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine and Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Nandita M Naik
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology & Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Huaxiu Sui
- Key Laboratory of Functional and Clinical Translational Medicine, Fujian Province University, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen 361023, China
| | - Wei Tang
- Data Science & Artificial Intelligence, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, USA
| | - Chenxi Qiu
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine and Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kazuhiro Koikawa
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine and Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Felipe Batalini
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine and Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Arizona, USA
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - John G Clohessy
- Preclinical Murine Pharmacogenetics Facility, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Yujing Jan Heng
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Cancer Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Galit Lahav
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Nathanael S Gray
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Chem-H and Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Xiao Zhen Zho
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine and Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Departments of Biochemistry & Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, and Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Wenyi Wei
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Cancer Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Gerburg M Wulf
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine and Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Kun Ping Lu
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine and Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Departments of Biochemistry & Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, and Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
- Lead Contact
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5
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Dibble CC, Barritt SA, Perry GE, Lien EC, Geck RC, DuBois-Coyne SE, Bartee D, Zengeya TT, Cohen EB, Yuan M, Hopkins BD, Meier JL, Clohessy JG, Asara JM, Cantley LC, Toker A. PI3K drives the de novo synthesis of coenzyme A from vitamin B5. Nature 2022; 608:192-198. [PMID: 35896750 PMCID: PMC9352595 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04984-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In response to hormones and growth factors, the class I phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) signalling network functions as a major regulator of metabolism and growth, governing cellular nutrient uptake, energy generation, reducing cofactor production and macromolecule biosynthesis1. Many of the driver mutations in cancer with the highest recurrence, including in receptor tyrosine kinases, Ras, PTEN and PI3K, pathologically activate PI3K signalling2,3. However, our understanding of the core metabolic program controlled by PI3K is almost certainly incomplete. Here, using mass-spectrometry-based metabolomics and isotope tracing, we show that PI3K signalling stimulates the de novo synthesis of one of the most pivotal metabolic cofactors: coenzyme A (CoA). CoA is the major carrier of activated acyl groups in cells4,5 and is synthesized from cysteine, ATP and the essential nutrient vitamin B5 (also known as pantothenate)6,7. We identify pantothenate kinase 2 (PANK2) and PANK4 as substrates of the PI3K effector kinase AKT8. Although PANK2 is known to catalyse the rate-determining first step of CoA synthesis, we find that the minimally characterized but highly conserved PANK49 is a rate-limiting suppressor of CoA synthesis through its metabolite phosphatase activity. Phosphorylation of PANK4 by AKT relieves this suppression. Ultimately, the PI3K–PANK4 axis regulates the abundance of acetyl-CoA and other acyl-CoAs, CoA-dependent processes such as lipid metabolism and proliferation. We propose that these regulatory mechanisms coordinate cellular CoA supplies with the demands of hormone/growth-factor-driven or oncogene-driven metabolism and growth. The PI3K–PANK4 axis regulates coenzyme A synthesis, the abundance of acetyl-CoA, and CoA-dependent processes such as lipid metabolism, and these regulatory mechanisms coordinate cellular CoA supplies with the demands of hormone and growth-factor-driven or oncogene-driven metabolism and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian C Dibble
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Samuel A Barritt
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Grace E Perry
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Evan C Lien
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Renee C Geck
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sarah E DuBois-Coyne
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David Bartee
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Thomas T Zengeya
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Emily B Cohen
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Min Yuan
- Mass Spectrometry Core, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Benjamin D Hopkins
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jordan L Meier
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - John G Clohessy
- Preclinical Murine Pharmacogenetics Facility and Mouse Hospital, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John M Asara
- Mass Spectrometry Core, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lewis C Cantley
- The Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alex Toker
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. .,Ludwig Center at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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6
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Kishikawa T, Higuchi H, Wang L, Panch N, Maymi V, Best S, Lee S, Notoya G, Toker A, Matesic LE, Wulf GM, Wei W, Otsuka M, Koike K, Clohessy JG, Lee YR, Pandolfi PP. WWP1 inactivation enhances efficacy of PI3K inhibitors while suppressing their toxicities in breast cancer models. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:140436. [PMID: 34907909 DOI: 10.1172/jci140436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway is a pervasive event in tumorigenesis due to PI3K mutation and dysfunction of phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN). Pharmacological inhibition of PI3K has resulted in variable clinical outcomes, however, raising questions regarding the possible mechanisms of unresponsiveness and resistance to treatment. WWP1 is an oncogenic HECT-type ubiquitin E3 ligase frequently amplified and mutated in multiple cancers, as well as in the germ lines of patients predisposed to cancer, and was recently found to activate PI3K signaling through PTEN inactivation. Here, we demonstrate that PTEN dissociated from the plasma membrane upon treatment with PI3K inhibitors through WWP1 activation, whereas WWP1 genetic or pharmacological inhibition restored PTEN membrane localization, synergizing with PI3K inhibitors to suppress tumor growth both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we demonstrate that WWP1 inhibition attenuated hyperglycemia and the consequent insulin feedback, which is a major tumor-promoting side effect of PI3K inhibitors. Mechanistically, we found that AMPKα2 was ubiquitinated and, in turn, inhibited in its activatory phosphorylation by WWP1, whereas WWP1 inhibition facilitated AMPKα2 activity in the muscle to compensate for the reduction in glucose uptake observed upon PI3K inhibition. Thus, our identification of the cell-autonomous and systemic roles of WWP1 inhibition expands the therapeutic potential of PI3K inhibitors and reveals new avenues of combination cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Kishikawa
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Higuchi
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Limei Wang
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nivedita Panch
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Valerie Maymi
- Preclinical Murine Pharmacogenetics Facility and Mouse Hospital, and
| | - Sachem Best
- Preclinical Murine Pharmacogenetics Facility and Mouse Hospital, and
| | - Samuel Lee
- Preclinical Murine Pharmacogenetics Facility and Mouse Hospital, and
| | - Genso Notoya
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Alex Toker
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lydia E Matesic
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Gerburg M Wulf
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Wenyi Wei
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Motoyuki Otsuka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Koike
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - John G Clohessy
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Preclinical Murine Pharmacogenetics Facility and Mouse Hospital, and
| | - Yu-Ru Lee
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pier Paolo Pandolfi
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.,Renown Institute for Cancer, Nevada System of Higher Education, Reno, Nevada, USA
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7
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Koikawa K, Kibe S, Suizu F, Sekino N, Kim N, Manz TD, Pinch BJ, Akshinthala D, Verma A, Gaglia G, Nezu Y, Ke S, Qiu C, Ohuchida K, Oda Y, Lee TH, Wegiel B, Clohessy JG, London N, Santagata S, Wulf GM, Hidalgo M, Muthuswamy SK, Nakamura M, Gray NS, Zhou XZ, Lu KP. Targeting Pin1 renders pancreatic cancer eradicable by synergizing with immunochemotherapy. Cell 2021; 184:4753-4771.e27. [PMID: 34388391 PMCID: PMC8557351 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is characterized by notorious resistance to current therapies attributed to inherent tumor heterogeneity and highly desmoplastic and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Unique proline isomerase Pin1 regulates multiple cancer pathways, but its role in the TME and cancer immunotherapy is unknown. Here, we find that Pin1 is overexpressed both in cancer cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and correlates with poor survival in PDAC patients. Targeting Pin1 using clinically available drugs induces complete elimination or sustained remissions of aggressive PDAC by synergizing with anti-PD-1 and gemcitabine in diverse model systems. Mechanistically, Pin1 drives the desmoplastic and immunosuppressive TME by acting on CAFs and induces lysosomal degradation of the PD-1 ligand PD-L1 and the gemcitabine transporter ENT1 in cancer cells, besides activating multiple cancer pathways. Thus, Pin1 inhibition simultaneously blocks multiple cancer pathways, disrupts the desmoplastic and immunosuppressive TME, and upregulates PD-L1 and ENT1, rendering PDAC eradicable by immunochemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Koikawa
- Division of Translational Therapeutics, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Shin Kibe
- Division of Translational Therapeutics, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Futoshi Suizu
- Division of Translational Therapeutics, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Cancer Biology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0815, Japan
| | - Nobufumi Sekino
- Division of Translational Therapeutics, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Nami Kim
- Division of Translational Therapeutics, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Theresa D Manz
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Benika J Pinch
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Dipikaa Akshinthala
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Ana Verma
- Ludwig Center at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Giorgio Gaglia
- Ludwig Center at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yutaka Nezu
- Division of Translational Therapeutics, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Shizhong Ke
- Division of Translational Therapeutics, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Chenxi Qiu
- Division of Translational Therapeutics, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Kenoki Ohuchida
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yoshinao Oda
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Tae Ho Lee
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Babara Wegiel
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Division of Surgical Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - John G Clohessy
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Preclinical Murine Pharmacogenetics Facility, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Nir London
- Department of Chemical and Structural Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Sandro Santagata
- Ludwig Center at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Gerburg M Wulf
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Manuel Hidalgo
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Senthil K Muthuswamy
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Masafumi Nakamura
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Nathanael S Gray
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Chem-H and Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Xiao Zhen Zhou
- Division of Translational Therapeutics, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
| | - Kun Ping Lu
- Division of Translational Therapeutics, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
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8
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Morel KL, Hamid AA, Clohessy JG, Pandell N, Ellis L, Sweeney CJ. NF-κB Blockade with Oral Administration of Dimethylaminoparthenolide (DMAPT), Delays Prostate Cancer Resistance to Androgen Receptor (AR) Inhibition and Inhibits AR Variants. Mol Cancer Res 2021; 19:1137-1145. [PMID: 33863813 PMCID: PMC8254800 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-21-0099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
NF-κB activation has been linked to prostate cancer progression and is commonly observed in castrate-resistant disease. It has been suggested that NF-κB-driven resistance to androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) in prostate cancer cells may be mediated by aberrant androgen receptor (AR) activation and AR splice variant production. Preventing resistance to ADT may therefore be achieved by using NF-κB inhibitors. However, low oral bioavailability and high toxicity of NF-κB inhibitors is a major challenge for clinical translation. Dimethylaminoparthenolide (DMAPT) is an oral NF-κB inhibitor in clinical development and has already shown favorable pharmacokinetic and pharmacodyanamic data in patients with heme malignancies, including decrease of NF-κB in circulating leuchemic blasts. Here, we report that activation of NF-κB/p65 by castration in mouse and human prostate cancer models resulted in a significant increase in AR variant-7 (AR-V7) expression and modest upregulation of AR. In vivo castration of VCaP-CR tumors resulted in significant upregulation of phosphorylated-p65 and AR-V7, which was attenuated by combination with DMAPT and DMAPT increased the efficacy of AR inhibition. We further demonstrate that the effects of DMAPT-sensitizing prostate cancer cells to castration were dependent on the ability of DMAPT to inhibit phosphorylated-p65 function. IMPLICATIONS: Our study shows that DMAPT, an oral NF-κB inhibitor in clinical development, inhibits phosphorylated-p65 upregulation of AR-V7 and delays prostate cancer castration resistance. This provides rationale for the development of DMAPT as a novel therapeutic strategy to increase durable response in patients receiving AR-targeted therapy.
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MESH Headings
- Administration, Oral
- Androgen Receptor Antagonists/pharmacology
- Animals
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/drug effects
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Gene Expression Profiling/methods
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Humans
- Kaplan-Meier Estimate
- Male
- Mice, Inbred ICR
- Mice, SCID
- NF-kappa B/antagonists & inhibitors
- NF-kappa B/metabolism
- Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant/genetics
- Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant/metabolism
- Protein Isoforms/antagonists & inhibitors
- Protein Isoforms/genetics
- Protein Isoforms/metabolism
- Receptors, Androgen/genetics
- Receptors, Androgen/metabolism
- Sesquiterpenes/administration & dosage
- Sesquiterpenes/pharmacology
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine L Morel
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Anis A Hamid
- Department of Medical Oncology, Lank Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - John G Clohessy
- Department of Medicine, Preclinical Murine Pharmacogenetics Facility, Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nicole Pandell
- Department of Medicine, Preclinical Murine Pharmacogenetics Facility, Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Leigh Ellis
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- The Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Christopher J Sweeney
- Department of Medical Oncology, Lank Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.
- The Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts
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9
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Maroni G, Bassal MA, Krishnan I, Fhu CW, Savova V, Zilionis R, Maymi VA, Pandell N, Csizmadia E, Zhang J, Storti B, Castaño J, Panella R, Li J, Gustafson CE, Fox S, Levy RD, Meyerovitz CV, Tramontozzi PJ, Vermilya K, De Rienzo A, Crucitta S, Bassères DS, Weetall M, Branstrom A, Giorgetti A, Ciampi R, Del Re M, Danesi R, Bizzarri R, Yang H, Kocher O, Klein AM, Welner RS, Bueno R, Magli MC, Clohessy JG, Ali A, Tenen DG, Levantini E. Identification of a targetable KRAS-mutant epithelial population in non-small cell lung cancer. Commun Biol 2021; 4:370. [PMID: 33854168 PMCID: PMC8046784 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-01897-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths. Tumor heterogeneity, which hampers development of targeted therapies, was herein deconvoluted via single cell RNA sequencing in aggressive human adenocarcinomas (carrying Kras-mutations) and comparable murine model. We identified a tumor-specific, mutant-KRAS-associated subpopulation which is conserved in both human and murine lung cancer. We previously reported a key role for the oncogene BMI-1 in adenocarcinomas. We therefore investigated the effects of in vivo PTC596 treatment, which affects BMI-1 activity, in our murine model. Post-treatment, MRI analysis showed decreased tumor size, while single cell transcriptomics concomitantly detected near complete ablation of the mutant-KRAS-associated subpopulation, signifying the presence of a pharmacologically targetable, tumor-associated subpopulation. Our findings therefore hold promise for the development of a targeted therapy for KRAS-mutant adenocarcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Maroni
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council (CNR), Area della Ricerca di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Mahmoud A Bassal
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Chee Wai Fhu
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Virginia Savova
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rapolas Zilionis
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Valerie A Maymi
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Preclinical Murine Pharmacogenetics Core, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Dana Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nicole Pandell
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Preclinical Murine Pharmacogenetics Core, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Dana Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eva Csizmadia
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Barbara Storti
- NEST, Scuola Normale Superiore and Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR, Pisa, Italy
| | - Julio Castaño
- Platform for Immunotherapy BST-Hospital Clinic, Banc de Sang i Teixits (BST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Riccardo Panella
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Desert Research Institute, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Jia Li
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Corinne E Gustafson
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, The Lung Center and the International Mesothelioma Program, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sam Fox
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, The Lung Center and the International Mesothelioma Program, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rachel D Levy
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, The Lung Center and the International Mesothelioma Program, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Claire V Meyerovitz
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, The Lung Center and the International Mesothelioma Program, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peter J Tramontozzi
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, The Lung Center and the International Mesothelioma Program, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kimberly Vermilya
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, The Lung Center and the International Mesothelioma Program, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Assunta De Rienzo
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, The Lung Center and the International Mesothelioma Program, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stefania Crucitta
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Daniela S Bassères
- Biochemistry Department, Chemistry Institute, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marla Weetall
- PTC Therapeutics, 100 Corporate Court, South Plainfield, NJ, USA
| | - Art Branstrom
- PTC Therapeutics, 100 Corporate Court, South Plainfield, NJ, USA
| | - Alessandra Giorgetti
- Cell Biology Unit, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Stem Cell Biology and Leukemiogenesis Group, Regenerative Medicine Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge - IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raffaele Ciampi
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marzia Del Re
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Romano Danesi
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ranieri Bizzarri
- NEST, Scuola Normale Superiore and Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Henry Yang
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Olivier Kocher
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Allon M Klein
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert S Welner
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Medicine, Hemathology/Oncology, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Raphael Bueno
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, The Lung Center and the International Mesothelioma Program, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maria Cristina Magli
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council (CNR), Area della Ricerca di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - John G Clohessy
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Preclinical Murine Pharmacogenetics Core, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Dana Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Azhar Ali
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Daniel G Tenen
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Elena Levantini
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council (CNR), Area della Ricerca di Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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10
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Zhang Y, Nguyen TM, Zhang XO, Wang L, Phan T, Clohessy JG, Pandolfi PP. Optimized RNA-targeting CRISPR/Cas13d technology outperforms shRNA in identifying functional circRNAs. Genome Biol 2021; 22:41. [PMID: 33478577 PMCID: PMC7818937 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-021-02263-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) are used to deplete circRNAs by targeting back-splicing junction (BSJ) sites. However, frequent discrepancies exist between shRNA-mediated circRNA knockdown and the corresponding biological effect, querying their robustness. By leveraging CRISPR/Cas13d tool and optimizing the strategy for designing single-guide RNAs against circRNA BSJ sites, we markedly enhance specificity of circRNA silencing. This specificity is validated in parallel screenings by shRNA and CRISPR/Cas13d libraries. Using a CRISPR/Cas13d screening library targeting > 2500 human hepatocellular carcinoma-related circRNAs, we subsequently identify a subset of sorafenib-resistant circRNAs. Thus, CRISPR/Cas13d represents an effective approach for high-throughput study of functional circRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Ludwig Center at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Present address: Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Tuan M Nguyen
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Ludwig Center at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Present address: Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Xiao-Ou Zhang
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Limei Wang
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Ludwig Center at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Tin Phan
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Ludwig Center at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - John G Clohessy
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
- Ludwig Center at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
- Preclinical Murine Pharmacogenetics Facility and Mouse Hospital, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
| | - Pier Paolo Pandolfi
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
- Ludwig Center at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, 10126, Turin, Italy.
- Renown Institute for Cancer, Nevada System of Higher Education, Reno, NV, 89502, USA.
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11
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Chaudagar KK, Landon-Brace N, Solanki A, Hieromnimon HM, Hegermiller E, Li W, Shao Y, Joseph J, Wilkins DJ, Bynoe KM, Li XL, Clohessy JG, Ullas S, Karp JM, Patnaik A. Cabozantinib Unlocks Efficient In Vivo Targeted Delivery of Neutrophil-Loaded Nanoparticles into Murine Prostate Tumors. Mol Cancer Ther 2020; 20:438-449. [PMID: 33277441 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-20-0167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A major barrier to the successful application of nanotechnology for cancer treatment is the suboptimal delivery of therapeutic payloads to metastatic tumor deposits. We previously discovered that cabozantinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, triggers neutrophil-mediated anticancer innate immunity, resulting in tumor regression in an aggressive PTEN/p53-deficient genetically engineered murine model of advanced prostate cancer. Here, we specifically investigated the potential of cabozantinib-induced neutrophil activation and recruitment to enhance delivery of BSA-coated polymeric nanoparticles (BSA-NPs) into murine PTEN/p53-deficient prostate tumors. On the basis of the observation that BSA coating of NPs enhanced association and internalization by activated neutrophils by approximately 6-fold in vitro, relative to uncoated NPs, we systemically injected BSA-coated, dye-loaded NPs into prostate-specific PTEN/p53-deficient mice that were pretreated with cabozantinib. Flow cytometric analysis revealed an approximately 4-fold increase of neutrophil-associated BSA-NPs and an approximately 32-fold increase in mean fluorescent dye uptake following 3 days of cabozantinib/BSA-NP administration, relative to BSA-NP alone. Strikingly, neutrophil depletion with Ly6G antibody abolished dye-loaded BSA-NP accumulation within tumors to baseline levels, demonstrating targeted neutrophil-mediated intratumoral NP delivery. Furthermore, we observed an approximately 13-fold decrease in accumulation of BSA-NPs in the liver, relative to uncoated NPs, post-cabozantinib treatment, suggesting that BSA coating of NPs can significantly enhance cabozantinib-induced, neutrophil-mediated targeted intratumoral drug delivery, while mitigating off-target toxicity. Collectively, we demonstrate a novel targeted nano-immunotherapeutic strategy for enhanced intratumoral delivery of BSA-NPs, with translational potential to significantly augment therapeutic indices of cancer medicines, thereby overcoming current pharmacologic barriers commonly encountered in preclinical/early-phase drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiranj Kishor Chaudagar
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Natalie Landon-Brace
- Center for Nanomedicine and Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, and the Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Aniruddh Solanki
- Center for Nanomedicine and Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, and the Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hanna M Hieromnimon
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Emma Hegermiller
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.,Center for Nanomedicine and Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, and the Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Wen Li
- Center for Nanomedicine and Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, and the Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yue Shao
- Center for Nanomedicine and Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, and the Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - John Joseph
- Center for Nanomedicine and Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Devan J Wilkins
- Center for Nanomedicine and Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, and the Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kaela M Bynoe
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Xiang-Ling Li
- Center for Nanomedicine and Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, and the Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - John G Clohessy
- Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Preclinical Murine Pharmacogenetics Facility, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Soumya Ullas
- Longwood Small Animal Imaging Facility, Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jeffrey M Karp
- Center for Nanomedicine and Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, and the Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Akash Patnaik
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois. .,The University of Chicago Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, Illinois
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12
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Huang L, Bockorny B, Paul I, Akshinthala D, Frappart PO, Gandarilla O, Bose A, Sanchez-Gonzalez V, Rouse EE, Lehoux SD, Pandell N, Lim CM, Clohessy JG, Grossman J, Gonzalez R, Del Pino SP, Daaboul G, Sawhney MS, Freedman SD, Kleger A, Cummings RD, Emili A, Muthuswamy LB, Hidalgo M, Muthuswamy SK. PDX-derived organoids model in vivo drug response and secrete biomarkers. JCI Insight 2020; 5:135544. [PMID: 32990680 PMCID: PMC7710298 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.135544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Patient-derived organoid models are proving to be a powerful platform for both basic and translational studies. Here we conduct a methodical analysis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) tumor organoid drug response in paired patient-derived xenograft (PDX) and PDX-derived organoid (PXO) models grown under WNT-free culture conditions. We report a specific relationship between area under the curve value of organoid drug dose response and in vivo tumor growth, irrespective of the drug treatment. In addition, we analyzed the glycome of PDX and PXO models and demonstrate that PXOs recapitulate the in vivo glycan landscape. In addition, we identify a core set of 57 N-glycans detected in all 10 models that represent 50%-94% of the relative abundance of all N-glycans detected in each of the models. Last, we developed a secreted biomarker discovery pipeline using media supernatant of organoid cultures and identified potentially new extracellular vesicle (EV) protein markers. We validated our findings using plasma samples from patients with PDAC, benign gastrointestinal diseases, and chronic pancreatitis and discovered that 4 EV proteins are potential circulating biomarkers for PDAC. Thus, we demonstrate the utility of organoid cultures to not only model in vivo drug responses but also serve as a powerful platform for discovering clinically actionable serologic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Huang
- Cancer Center and
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bruno Bockorny
- Cancer Center and
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Indranil Paul
- Departments of Biology and Biochemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dipikaa Akshinthala
- Cancer Center and
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Omar Gandarilla
- Cancer Center and
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Arindam Bose
- Cancer Center and
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | | | - Nicole Pandell
- Cancer Center and
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christine M. Lim
- Cancer Center and
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - John G. Clohessy
- Cancer Center and
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Joseph Grossman
- Cancer Center and
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Raul Gonzalez
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sofia Perea Del Pino
- Cancer Center and
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Mandeep S. Sawhney
- Cancer Center and
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Steven D. Freedman
- Cancer Center and
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alexander Kleger
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Andrew Emili
- Departments of Biology and Biochemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lakshmi B. Muthuswamy
- Cancer Center and
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Manuel Hidalgo
- Cancer Center and
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Senthil K. Muthuswamy
- Cancer Center and
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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13
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Posey RR, Mendez LM, Lee JD, Clohessy JG, Pandolfi PP. Abstract 1694: CHIP and AML mutations dictate the composition of hematopoietic microenvironments. Cancer Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2020-1694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Clonal Hematopoiesis of Indeterminate Potential (CHIP) is the age-associated acquisition of detectable stem cell mutations, known to predispose patients towards Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) and cardiovascular disease. While progression to AML is believed arise from the acquisition of additional clonal mutations, cardiovascular disease is thought to be a consequence of aberrant pro-inflammatory signaling[1]. Here, we show that the development of genetic aberrations seen in CHIP disorders can profoundly shift the cellular composition of multiple hematopoietic microenvironments. TP53 is the most frequently mutated gene in human cancers and is one of several frequently mutated genes in CHIP and AML[2]. To model loss of Trp53 in a subset of cells of the hematopoietic system, we generated mixed bone marrow chimeras by transplantation of either Trp53−/− or wild type bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMNCs) in conjunction with congenic wild type cells. Following reconstitution, we observed increased levels of wild type T cells in mice transplanted with Trp53−/− BMNCs. Interestingly, both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells showed increases in naïve T cell subsets while only CD4+ T cells showed an increase in effector/effector memory T cell subsets. In line with these results, we observed a short-term decrease in the number of effector/effector memory T cells in the wild type compartment of Trp53−/− chimeras, indicating delayed effector T cell formation. To determine if these alterations were mirrored in the leukemic setting, we next generated MLL-AF9 and Trp53−/−;NrasG12D leukemia, faithfully modeling the intrapatient heterogeneity which occurs as a result of CHIP progressing to AML [2] by transplanting both Trp53−/− and Trp53−/−;NrasG12D KSL into sublethally irradiated primary recipients. While the bone marrow of Trp53−/−;NrasG12D leukemia showed the presence of both invading T and B lymphocytes, MLL-AF9 showed a near complete absence of lymphocytes, reminiscent of ‘immune-infiltrated' and ‘immune-desert' phenotypes seen in solid tumors. These data clearly demonstrate a cell-extrinsic effect of partial Trp53 loss in the hematopoietic system in the absence of a leukemic clone, which could potentially serve to explain the paradoxical observation that immunoediting does not occur in a mouse model of MLL-ENL[3]. Thus, CHIP may constitute a novel and leukemia-specific means of immunoediting via diverse alteration of the hematopoietic microenvironment prior to the development of malignancy.
1. Jaiswal, S., et al., Clonal Hematopoiesis and Risk of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease. New England Journal of Medicine, 2017. 377(2): p. 111-121.
2. Steensma, D.P., et al., Clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential and its distinction from myelodysplastic syndromes. Blood, 2015. 126(1): p. 9-16.
3. Dudenhöffer-Pfeifer, M. and D. Bryder, Immunoediting is not a primary transformation event in a murine model of MLL-ENL AML. Life Science Alliance, 2018. 1(4): p. e201800079.
Citation Format: Ryan R. Posey, Lourdes M. Mendez, Jonathan D. Lee, John G. Clohessy, Pier Paolo Pandolfi. CHIP and AML mutations dictate the composition of hematopoietic microenvironments [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 1694.
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14
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Chin TM, Boopathy GTK, Man EP, Clohessy JG, Csizmadia E, Quinlan MP, Putti T, Wan SC, Xie C, Ali A, Wai FC, Ong YS, Goh BC, Settleman J, Hong W, Levantini E, Tenen DG. Targeting microtubules sensitizes drug resistant lung cancer cells to lysosomal pathway inhibitors. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:2727-2743. [PMID: 32194831 PMCID: PMC7052910 DOI: 10.7150/thno.38729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncogene-addicted cancers are predominantly driven by specific oncogenic pathways and display initial exquisite sensitivity to designer therapies, but eventually become refractory to treatments. Clear understanding of lung tumorigenic mechanisms is essential for improved therapies. Methods: Lysosomes were analyzed in EGFR-WT and mutant cells and corresponding patient samples using immunofluorescence or immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting. Microtubule organization and dynamics were studied using immunofluorescence analyses. Also, we have validated our findings in a transgenic mouse model that contain EGFR-TKI resistant mutations. Results: We herein describe a novel mechanism that a mutated kinase disrupts the microtubule organization and results in a defective endosomal/lysosomal pathway. This prevents the efficient degradation of phosphorylated proteins that become trapped within the endosomes and continue to signal, therefore amplifying downstream proliferative and survival pathways. Phenotypically, a distinctive subcellular appearance of LAMP1 secondary to microtubule dysfunction in cells expressing EGFR kinase mutants is seen, and this may have potential diagnostic applications for the detection of such mutants. We demonstrate that lysosomal-inhibitors re-sensitize resistant cells to EGFR tyrosine-kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Identifying the endosome-lysosome pathway and microtubule dysfunction as a mechanism of resistance allows to pharmacologically intervene on this pathway. Conclusions: We find that the combination of microtubule stabilizing agent and lysosome inhibitor could reduce the tumor progression in EGFR TKI resistant mouse models of lung cancer.
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15
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Guarnerio J, Zhang Y, Cheloni G, Panella R, Katon JM, Simpson M, Matsumoto A, Papa A, Loretelli C, Petri A, Kauppinen S, Garbutt C, Nielsen GP, Deshpande V, Castillo-Martin M, Cordon-Cardo C, Spentzos D, Clohessy JG, Batish M, Pandolfi PP. Author Correction: Intragenic antagonistic roles of protein and circRNA in tumorigenesis. Cell Res 2020; 30:188. [PMID: 31911670 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-019-0262-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jlenia Guarnerio
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.,Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Yang Zhang
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Giulia Cheloni
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Riccardo Panella
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Jesse Mae Katon
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Mark Simpson
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Akinobu Matsumoto
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Antonella Papa
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Cristian Loretelli
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Andreas Petri
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Sakari Kauppinen
- Center for RNA Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Hematology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Cassandra Garbutt
- MGH Center for Sarcoma and Connective Tissue Oncology, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Boston, USA
| | | | - Vikram Deshpande
- MGH Center for Sarcoma and Connective Tissue Oncology, Department of Pathology, Boston, USA
| | - Mireia Castillo-Martin
- Department of Pathology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, The Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Carlos Cordon-Cardo
- Department of Pathology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, The Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Dimitrios Spentzos
- MGH Center for Sarcoma and Connective Tissue Oncology, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Boston, USA
| | - John G Clohessy
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Mona Batish
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA.,Department of Medical and Molecular Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Pier Paolo Pandolfi
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
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16
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Lee YR, Chen M, Lee JD, Zhang J, Lin SY, Fu TM, Chen H, Ishikawa T, Chiang SY, Katon J, Zhang Y, Shulga YV, Bester AC, Fung J, Monteleone E, Wan L, Shen C, Hsu CH, Papa A, Clohessy JG, Teruya-Feldstein J, Jain S, Wu H, Matesic L, Chen RH, Wei W, Pandolfi PP. Reactivation of PTEN tumor suppressor for cancer treatment through inhibition of a MYC-WWP1 inhibitory pathway. Science 2019; 364:364/6441/eaau0159. [PMID: 31097636 DOI: 10.1126/science.aau0159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Activation of tumor suppressors for the treatment of human cancer has been a long sought, yet elusive, strategy. PTEN is a critical tumor suppressive phosphatase that is active in its dimer configuration at the plasma membrane. Polyubiquitination by the ubiquitin E3 ligase WWP1 (WW domain-containing ubiquitin E3 ligase 1) suppressed the dimerization, membrane recruitment, and function of PTEN. Either genetic ablation or pharmacological inhibition of WWP1 triggered PTEN reactivation and unleashed tumor suppressive activity. WWP1 appears to be a direct MYC (MYC proto-oncogene) target gene and was critical for MYC-driven tumorigenesis. We identified indole-3-carbinol, a compound found in cruciferous vegetables, as a natural and potent WWP1 inhibitor. Thus, our findings unravel a potential therapeutic strategy for cancer prevention and treatment through PTEN reactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ru Lee
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Ming Chen
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jonathan D Lee
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jinfang Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Shu-Yu Lin
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Tian-Min Fu
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Hao Chen
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Tomoki Ishikawa
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Shang-Yin Chiang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan.,Institute of Biochemical Sciences, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Jesse Katon
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Yang Zhang
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Yulia V Shulga
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Assaf C Bester
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jacqueline Fung
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Emanuele Monteleone
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, and GenoBiToUS, Genomics and Bioinformatics Service, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Lixin Wan
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Chen Shen
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Chih-Hung Hsu
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Public Health, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Antonella Papa
- Cancer Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - John G Clohessy
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Preclinical Murine Pharmacogenetics Facility and Mouse Hospital, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Julie Teruya-Feldstein
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Suresh Jain
- Intonation Research Laboratories, Hyderabad, India
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Lydia Matesic
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Ruey-Hwa Chen
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan.,Institute of Biochemical Sciences, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Wenyi Wei
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Pier Paolo Pandolfi
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA. .,Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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17
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Nachmani D, Bothmer AH, Grisendi S, Mele A, Bothmer D, Lee JD, Monteleone E, Cheng K, Zhang Y, Bester AC, Guzzetti A, Mitchell CA, Mendez LM, Pozdnyakova O, Sportoletti P, Martelli MP, Vulliamy TJ, Safra M, Schwartz S, Luzzatto L, Bluteau O, Soulier J, Darnell RB, Falini B, Dokal I, Ito K, Clohessy JG, Pandolfi PP. Germline NPM1 mutations lead to altered rRNA 2'-O-methylation and cause dyskeratosis congenita. Nat Genet 2019; 51:1518-1529. [PMID: 31570891 PMCID: PMC6858547 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-019-0502-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
RNA modifications are emerging as key determinants of gene expression. However, compelling genetic demonstrations of their relevance to human disease are lacking. Here, we link ribosomal RNA 2'-O-methylation (2'-O-Me) to the etiology of dyskeratosis congenita. We identify nucleophosmin (NPM1) as an essential regulator of 2'-O-Me on rRNA by directly binding C/D box small nucleolar RNAs, thereby modulating translation. We demonstrate the importance of 2'-O-Me-regulated translation for cellular growth, differentiation and hematopoietic stem cell maintenance, and show that Npm1 inactivation in adult hematopoietic stem cells results in bone marrow failure. We identify NPM1 germline mutations in patients with dyskeratosis congenita presenting with bone marrow failure and demonstrate that they are deficient in small nucleolar RNA binding. Mice harboring a dyskeratosis congenita germline Npm1 mutation recapitulate both hematological and nonhematological features of dyskeratosis congenita. Thus, our findings indicate that impaired 2'-O-Me can be etiological to human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daphna Nachmani
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anne H Bothmer
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Silvia Grisendi
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aldo Mele
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dietmar Bothmer
- Hochschule Zittau/Görlitz, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Protection, Zittau, Germany
| | - Jonathan D Lee
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emanuele Monteleone
- Molecular Biotechnology Center and Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Ke Cheng
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yang Zhang
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Assaf C Bester
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alison Guzzetti
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Caitlin A Mitchell
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lourdes M Mendez
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Olga Pozdnyakova
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paolo Sportoletti
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maria-Paola Martelli
- Institute of Hematology-Centro di Ricerche Emato-Oncologiche, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Tom J Vulliamy
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Modi Safra
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Schraga Schwartz
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Lucio Luzzatto
- Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Olivier Bluteau
- INSERM UMR944 and CNRS UMR7212, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Jean Soulier
- INSERM UMR944 and CNRS UMR7212, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Robert B Darnell
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brunangelo Falini
- Institute of Hematology-Centro di Ricerche Emato-Oncologiche, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Inderjeet Dokal
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Keisuke Ito
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - John G Clohessy
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pier Paolo Pandolfi
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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18
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Ali A, Levantini E, Fhu CW, Teo JT, Clohessy JG, Goggi JL, Wu CS, Chen L, Chin TM, Tenen DG. CAV1 - GLUT3 signaling is important for cellular energy and can be targeted by Atorvastatin in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2019; 9:6157-6174. [PMID: 31534543 PMCID: PMC6735519 DOI: 10.7150/thno.35805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The development of molecular targeted therapies, such as EGFR-TKIs, has positively impacted the management of EGFR mutated NSCLC. However, patients with innate and acquired resistance to EGFR-TKIs still face limited effective therapeutic options. Statins are the most frequently prescribed anti-cholesterol agents and have been reported to inhibit the progression of various malignancies, including in lung. However, the mechanism by which statin exerts its anti-cancer effects is unclear. This study is designed to investigate the anti-proliferative effects and identify the mechanism-of-action of statins in NSCLC. Methods: In this study, the anti-tumoral properties of Atorvastatin were investigated in NSCLC utilizing cell culture system and in vivo models. Results: We demonstrate a link between elevated cellular cholesterol and TKI-resistance in NSCLC, which is independent of EGFR mutation status. Atorvastatin suppresses growth by inhibiting Cav1 expression in tumors in cell culture system and in in vivo models. Subsequent interrogations demonstrate an oncogenic physical interaction between Cav1 and GLUT3, and glucose uptake found distinctly in TKI-resistant NSCLC and this may be due to changes in the physical properties of Cav1 favoring GLUT3 binding in which significantly stronger Cav1 and GLUT3 physical interactions were observed in TKI-resistant than in TKI-sensitive NSCLC cells. Further, the differential effects of atorvastatin observed between EGFR-TKI resistant and sensitive cells suggest that EGFR mutation status may influence its actions. Conclusions: This study reveals the inhibition of oncogenic role of Cav1 in GLUT3-mediated glucose uptake by statins and highlights its potential impact to overcome NSCLC with EGFR-TKI resistance.
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Guarnerio J, Zhang Y, Cheloni G, Panella R, Mae Katon J, Simpson M, Matsumoto A, Papa A, Loretelli C, Petri A, Kauppinen S, Garbutt C, Nielsen GP, Deshpande V, Castillo-Martin M, Cordon-Cardo C, Dimitrios S, Clohessy JG, Batish M, Pandolfi PP. Intragenic antagonistic roles of protein and circRNA in tumorigenesis. Cell Res 2019; 29:628-640. [PMID: 31209250 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-019-0192-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
circRNAs arise from back splicing events during mRNA processing, and when deregulated can play an active role in cancer. Here we characterize a new circRNA (circPOK) encoded by the Zbtb7a gene (also kown as POKEMON, LRF) in the context of mesenchymal tumor progression. circPOK functions as a non-coding proto-oncogenic RNA independently and antithetically to its linear transcript counterpart, which acts as a tumor suppressor by encoding the Pokemon transcription factor. We find that circPOK regulates pro-proliferative and pro-angiogenic factors by co-activation of the ILF2/3 complex. Importantly, the expression of Pokemon protein and circRNA is aberrantly uncoupled in cancer through differential post-transcriptional regulation. Thus, we identify a novel type of genetic unit, the iRegulon, that yields biochemically distinct RNA products, circular and linear, with diverse and antithetical functions. Our findings further expand the cellular repertoire towards the control of normal biological outputs, while aberrant expression of such components may underlie disease pathogenesis including cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jlenia Guarnerio
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.,Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Yang Zhang
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Giulia Cheloni
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Riccardo Panella
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Jesse Mae Katon
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Mark Simpson
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Akinobu Matsumoto
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Antonella Papa
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Cristian Loretelli
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Andreas Petri
- Center for RNA Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Hematology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Sakari Kauppinen
- Center for RNA Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Hematology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Cassandra Garbutt
- MGH Center for Sarcoma and Connective Tissue Oncology, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, New York, USA
| | | | - Vikram Deshpande
- MGH Center for Sarcoma and Connective Tissue Oncology, Department of Pathology, New York, USA
| | - Mireia Castillo-Martin
- Department of Pathology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, The Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Carlos Cordon-Cardo
- Department of Pathology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, The Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Spentzos Dimitrios
- MGH Center for Sarcoma and Connective Tissue Oncology, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, New York, USA
| | - John G Clohessy
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Mona Batish
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA.,Department of Medical and Molecular Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Pier Paolo Pandolfi
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
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20
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Bester AC, Lee JD, Chavez A, Lee YR, Nachmani D, Vora S, Victor J, Sauvageau M, Monteleone E, Rinn JL, Provero P, Church GM, Clohessy JG, Pandolfi PP. An Integrated Genome-wide CRISPRa Approach to Functionalize lncRNAs in Drug Resistance. Cell 2019; 173:649-664.e20. [PMID: 29677511 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.03.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2017] [Revised: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Resistance to chemotherapy plays a significant role in cancer mortality. To identify genetic units affecting sensitivity to cytarabine, the mainstay of treatment for acute myeloid leukemia (AML), we developed a comprehensive and integrated genome-wide platform based on a dual protein-coding and non-coding integrated CRISPRa screening (DICaS). Putative resistance genes were initially identified using pharmacogenetic data from 760 human pan-cancer cell lines. Subsequently, genome scale functional characterization of both coding and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) genes by CRISPR activation was performed. For lncRNA functional assessment, we developed a CRISPR activation of lncRNA (CaLR) strategy, targeting 14,701 lncRNA genes. Computational and functional analysis identified novel cell-cycle, survival/apoptosis, and cancer signaling genes. Furthermore, transcriptional activation of the GAS6-AS2 lncRNA, identified in our analysis, leads to hyperactivation of the GAS6/TAM pathway, a resistance mechanism in multiple cancers including AML. Thus, DICaS represents a novel and powerful approach to identify integrated coding and non-coding pathways of therapeutic relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assaf C Bester
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Ludwig Center at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jonathan D Lee
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Ludwig Center at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alejandro Chavez
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA; Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Yu-Ru Lee
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Ludwig Center at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daphna Nachmani
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Ludwig Center at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Suhani Vora
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Joshua Victor
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Ludwig Center at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Martin Sauvageau
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Functional Genomics and Noncoding RNAs Research Unit, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, QC, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Emanuele Monteleone
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, and GenoBiToUS, Genomics and Bioinformatics Service, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - John L Rinn
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Paolo Provero
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, and GenoBiToUS, Genomics and Bioinformatics Service, University of Turin, Turin, Italy; Center for Translational Genomics and Bioinformatics, San Raffaele Scientific Institute IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - George M Church
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - John G Clohessy
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Ludwig Center at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Preclinical Murine Pharmacogenetics Facility and Mouse Hospital, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pier Paolo Pandolfi
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Ludwig Center at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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21
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Ali A, Levantini E, Teo JT, Goggi J, Clohessy JG, Wu CS, Chen L, Yang H, Krishnan I, Kocher O, Zhang J, Soo RA, Bhakoo K, Chin TM, Tenen DG. Fatty acid synthase mediates EGFR palmitoylation in EGFR mutated non-small cell lung cancer. EMBO Mol Med 2019; 10:emmm.201708313. [PMID: 29449326 PMCID: PMC5840543 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201708313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is widely known as a hallmark of cancer cells to allow adaptation of cells to sustain survival signals. In this report, we describe a novel oncogenic signaling pathway exclusively acting in mutated epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with acquired tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) resistance. Mutated EGFR mediates TKI resistance through regulation of the fatty acid synthase (FASN), which produces 16-C saturated fatty acid palmitate. Our work shows that the persistent signaling by mutated EGFR in TKI-resistant tumor cells relies on EGFR palmitoylation and can be targeted by Orlistat, an FDA-approved anti-obesity drug. Inhibition of FASN with Orlistat induces EGFR ubiquitination and abrogates EGFR mutant signaling, and reduces tumor growths both in culture systems and in vivo Together, our data provide compelling evidence on the functional interrelationship between mutated EGFR and FASN and that the fatty acid metabolism pathway is a candidate target for acquired TKI-resistant EGFR mutant NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azhar Ali
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Elena Levantini
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council (CNR), Pisa, Italy
| | - Jun Ting Teo
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Julian Goggi
- Singapore Bioimaging Consortium (A*STAR), Singapore City, Singapore
| | | | - Chan Shuo Wu
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Leilei Chen
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Henry Yang
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore
| | | | | | - Junyan Zhang
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ross A Soo
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore.,Department of Hematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Kishore Bhakoo
- Singapore Bioimaging Consortium (A*STAR), Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Tan Min Chin
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore .,Raffles Cancer Centre, Raffles Hospital, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Daniel G Tenen
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore .,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Abstract
Precision medicine holds real promise for the treatment of cancer. Adapting therapeutic strategies so patients receive individualized treatment protocols, will transform how diseases like cancer are managed. Already, molecular profiling technologies have provided unprecedented capacity to characterize tumors, yet the ability to translate this to actionable outcome in the clinic is limited. To enable real time translation of personalized therapeutic approaches to patient care in a co-clinical manner will require the adoption and integration of approaches that facilitate modeling of patient disease. The Mouse Hospital represents an approach that is ideally suited to pre- and co-clinical evaluation of novel therapeutic strategies for clinical care. Patient derived xenograft (PDX) technologies and in situ tumor modeling approaches using genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) already have a proven capacity to mimic human tumor responses, and their application can deliver invaluable insights into appropriate clinical approaches for individual patients by mirroring human clinical trials using a Co-Clinical Trial project and Mouse Hospital infrastructure. Additionally, the integration of the Mouse Hospital with other emerging technologies for the application of precision medicines, including organoid technologies, provides a platform that enables medical centers to truly reap the benefits that precision medicine has to offer.
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Affiliation(s)
- John G Clohessy
- Preclinical Murine Pharmacogenetics Facility and Mouse Hospital, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Pier Paolo Pandolfi
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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23
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Chen M, Zhang J, Sampieri K, Clohessy JG, Mendez L, Gonzalez-Billalabeitia E, Liu XS, Lee YR, Fung J, Katon JM, Menon AV, Webster KA, Ng C, Palumbieri MD, Diolombi MS, Breitkopf SB, Teruya-Feldstein J, Signoretti S, Bronson RT, Asara JM, Castillo-Martin M, Cordon-Cardo C, Pandolfi PP. An aberrant SREBP-dependent lipogenic program promotes metastatic prostate cancer. Nat Genet 2018; 50:206-218. [PMID: 29335545 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-017-0027-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Lipids, either endogenously synthesized or exogenous, have been linked to human cancer. Here we found that PML is frequently co-deleted with PTEN in metastatic human prostate cancer (CaP). We demonstrated that conditional inactivation of Pml in the mouse prostate morphs indolent Pten-null tumors into lethal metastatic disease. We identified MAPK reactivation, subsequent hyperactivation of an aberrant SREBP prometastatic lipogenic program, and a distinctive lipidomic profile as key characteristic features of metastatic Pml and Pten double-null CaP. Furthermore, targeting SREBP in vivo by fatostatin blocked both tumor growth and distant metastasis. Importantly, a high-fat diet (HFD) induced lipid accumulation in prostate tumors and was sufficient to drive metastasis in a nonmetastatic Pten-null mouse model of CaP, and an SREBP signature was highly enriched in metastatic human CaP. Thus, our findings uncover a prometastatic lipogenic program and lend direct genetic and experimental support to the notion that a Western HFD can promote metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Chen
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jiangwen Zhang
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Katia Sampieri
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,GSK Vaccines, Antigen Identification and Molecular Biology, Siena, Italy
| | - John G Clohessy
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Preclinical Murine Pharmacogenetics Facility and Mouse Hospital, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lourdes Mendez
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Enrique Gonzalez-Billalabeitia
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xue-Song Liu
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yu-Ru Lee
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jacqueline Fung
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jesse M Katon
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Archita Venugopal Menon
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kaitlyn A Webster
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christopher Ng
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maria Dilia Palumbieri
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Moussa S Diolombi
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Susanne B Breitkopf
- Division of Signal Transduction, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Julie Teruya-Feldstein
- Department of Pathology, Sloan-Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sabina Signoretti
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Roderick T Bronson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John M Asara
- Division of Signal Transduction, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mireia Castillo-Martin
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Pathology, Champalimaud Center for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Carlos Cordon-Cardo
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Pier Paolo Pandolfi
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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24
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Chen M, Wan L, Zhang J, Zhang J, Mendez L, Clohessy JG, Berry K, Victor J, Yin Q, Zhu Y, Wei W, Pandolfi PP. Deregulated PP1α phosphatase activity towards MAPK activation is antagonized by a tumor suppressive failsafe mechanism. Nat Commun 2018; 9:159. [PMID: 29335436 PMCID: PMC5768788 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02272-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway is frequently aberrantly activated in advanced cancers, including metastatic prostate cancer (CaP). However, activating mutations or gene rearrangements among MAPK signaling components, such as Ras and Raf, are not always observed in cancers with hyperactivated MAPK. The mechanisms underlying MAPK activation in these cancers remain largely elusive. Here we discover that genomic amplification of the PPP1CA gene is highly enriched in metastatic human CaP. We further identify an S6K/PP1α/B-Raf signaling pathway leading to activation of MAPK signaling that is antagonized by the PML tumor suppressor. Mechanistically, we find that PP1α acts as a B-Raf activating phosphatase and that PML suppresses MAPK activation by sequestering PP1α into PML nuclear bodies, hence repressing S6K-dependent PP1α phosphorylation, 14-3-3 binding and cytoplasmic accumulation. Our findings therefore reveal a PP1α/PML molecular network that is genetically altered in human cancer towards aberrant MAPK activation, with important therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Chen
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Lixin Wan
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Jiangwen Zhang
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Jinfang Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Lourdes Mendez
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - John G Clohessy
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Kelsey Berry
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Joshua Victor
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Qing Yin
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Yuan Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Wenyi Wei
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Pier Paolo Pandolfi
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
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25
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Bezzi M, Seitzer N, Ishikawa T, Reschke M, Chen M, Wang G, Mitchell C, Ng C, Katon J, Lunardi A, Signoretti S, Clohessy JG, Zhang J, Pandolfi PP. Diverse genetic-driven immune landscapes dictate tumor progression through distinct mechanisms. Nat Med 2018; 24:165-175. [DOI: 10.1038/nm.4463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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26
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van de Ven AL, Tangutoori S, Baldwin P, Qiao J, Gharagouzloo C, Seitzer N, Clohessy JG, Makrigiorgos GM, Cormack R, Pandolfi PP, Sridhar S. Nanoformulation of Olaparib Amplifies PARP Inhibition and Sensitizes PTEN/TP53-Deficient Prostate Cancer to Radiation. Mol Cancer Ther 2017; 16:1279-1289. [PMID: 28500233 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-16-0740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The use of PARP inhibitors in combination with radiotherapy is a promising strategy to locally enhance DNA damage in tumors. Here we show that radiation-resistant cells and tumors derived from a Pten/Trp53-deficient mouse model of advanced prostate cancer are rendered radiation sensitive following treatment with NanoOlaparib, a lipid-based injectable nanoformulation of olaparib. This enhancement in radiosensitivity is accompanied by radiation dose-dependent changes in γ-H2AX expression and is specific to NanoOlaparib alone. In animals, twice-weekly intravenous administration of NanoOlaparib results in significant tumor growth inhibition, whereas previous studies of oral olaparib as monotherapy have shown no therapeutic efficacy. When NanoOlaparib is administered prior to radiation, a single dose of radiation is sufficient to triple the median mouse survival time compared to radiation only controls. Half of mice treated with NanoOlaparib + radiation achieved a complete response over the 13-week study duration. Using ferumoxytol as a surrogate nanoparticle, MRI studies revealed that NanoOlaparib enhances the intratumoral accumulation of systemically administered nanoparticles. NanoOlaparib-treated tumors showed up to 19-fold higher nanoparticle accumulation compared to untreated and radiation-only controls, suggesting that the in vivo efficacy of NanoOlaparib may be potentiated by its ability to enhance its own accumulation. Together, these data suggest that NanoOlaparib may be a promising new strategy for enhancing the radiosensitivity of radiation-resistant tumors lacking BRCA mutations, such as those with PTEN and TP53 deletions. Mol Cancer Ther; 16(7); 1279-89. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne L van de Ven
- Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts.,Nanomedicine Science & Technology Center, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shifalika Tangutoori
- Nanomedicine Science & Technology Center, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Paige Baldwin
- Nanomedicine Science & Technology Center, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ju Qiao
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Codi Gharagouzloo
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nina Seitzer
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - John G Clohessy
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - G Mike Makrigiorgos
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Robert Cormack
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Pier Paolo Pandolfi
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Srinivas Sridhar
- Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts. .,Nanomedicine Science & Technology Center, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
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27
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Affiliation(s)
- Akinobu Matsumoto
- a Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center , Department of Medicine and Pathology , Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
| | - John G Clohessy
- a Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center , Department of Medicine and Pathology , Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Pier Paolo Pandolfi
- a Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center , Department of Medicine and Pathology , Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
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28
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Patnaik A, Swanson KD, Csizmadia E, Solanki A, Landon-Brace N, Gehring MP, Helenius K, Olson BM, Pyzer AR, Wang LC, Elemento O, Novak J, Thornley TB, Asara JM, Montaser L, Timmons JJ, Morgan TM, Wang Y, Levantini E, Clohessy JG, Kelly K, Pandolfi PP, Rosenblatt JM, Avigan DE, Ye H, Karp JM, Signoretti S, Balk SP, Cantley LC. Cabozantinib Eradicates Advanced Murine Prostate Cancer by Activating Antitumor Innate Immunity. Cancer Discov 2017; 7:750-765. [PMID: 28274958 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-16-0778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Several kinase inhibitors that target aberrant signaling pathways in tumor cells have been deployed in cancer therapy. However, their impact on the tumor immune microenvironment remains poorly understood. The tyrosine kinase inhibitor cabozantinib showed striking responses in cancer clinical trial patients across several malignancies. Here, we show that cabozantinib rapidly eradicates invasive, poorly differentiated PTEN/p53-deficient murine prostate cancer. This was associated with enhanced release of neutrophil chemotactic factors from tumor cells, including CXCL12 and HMGB1, resulting in robust infiltration of neutrophils into the tumor. Critically, cabozantinib-induced tumor clearance in mice was abolished by antibody-mediated granulocyte depletion or HMGB1 neutralization or blockade of neutrophil chemotaxis with the CXCR4 inhibitor plerixafor. Collectively, these data demonstrate that cabozantinib triggers a neutrophil-mediated anticancer innate immune response, resulting in tumor clearance.Significance: This study is the first to demonstrate that a tyrosine kinase inhibitor can activate neutrophil-mediated antitumor innate immunity, resulting in invasive cancer clearance. Cancer Discov; 7(7); 750-65. ©2017 AACR.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 653.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akash Patnaik
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Dana Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. .,Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.,The University of Chicago Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Kenneth D Swanson
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Eva Csizmadia
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Aniruddh Solanki
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Natalie Landon-Brace
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Marina P Gehring
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Laboratório de Farmacologia Aplicada, PUCRS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Katja Helenius
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Brian M Olson
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.,The University of Chicago Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Athalia R Pyzer
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Dana Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lily C Wang
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Olivier Elemento
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Jesse Novak
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Thomas B Thornley
- Transplant Institute and Immunology Program, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - John M Asara
- Division of Signal Transduction, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Laleh Montaser
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Joshua J Timmons
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Todd M Morgan
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Yugang Wang
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Elena Levantini
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Dana Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council (CNR), Pisa, Italy
| | - John G Clohessy
- Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Preclinical Murine Pharmacogenetics Facility, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kathleen Kelly
- Laboratory of Genitourinary Cancer Pathogenesis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Pier Paolo Pandolfi
- Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jacalyn M Rosenblatt
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Dana Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David E Avigan
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Dana Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Huihui Ye
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jeffrey M Karp
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sabina Signoretti
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Steven P Balk
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Dana Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lewis C Cantley
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
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29
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Matsumoto A, Pasut A, Matsumoto M, Yamashita R, Fung J, Monteleone E, Saghatelian A, Nakayama KI, Clohessy JG, Pandolfi PP. mTORC1 and muscle regeneration are regulated by the LINC00961-encoded SPAR polypeptide. Nature 2016; 541:228-232. [PMID: 28024296 DOI: 10.1038/nature21034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 411] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Although long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are non-protein-coding transcripts by definition, recent studies have shown that a fraction of putative small open reading frames within lncRNAs are translated. However, the biological significance of these hidden polypeptides is still unclear. Here we identify and functionally characterize a novel polypeptide encoded by the lncRNA LINC00961. This polypeptide is conserved between human and mouse, is localized to the late endosome/lysosome and interacts with the lysosomal v-ATPase to negatively regulate mTORC1 activation. This regulation of mTORC1 is specific to activation of mTORC1 by amino acid stimulation, rather than by growth factors. Hence, we termed this polypeptide 'small regulatory polypeptide of amino acid response' (SPAR). We show that the SPAR-encoding lncRNA is highly expressed in a subset of tissues and use CRISPR/Cas9 engineering to develop a SPAR-polypeptide-specific knockout mouse while maintaining expression of the host lncRNA. We find that the SPAR-encoding lncRNA is downregulated in skeletal muscle upon acute injury, and using this in vivo model we establish that SPAR downregulation enables efficient activation of mTORC1 and promotes muscle regeneration. Our data provide a mechanism by which mTORC1 activation may be finely regulated in a tissue-specific manner in response to injury, and a paradigm by which lncRNAs encoding small polypeptides can modulate general biological pathways and processes to facilitate tissue-specific requirements, consistent with their restricted and highly regulated expression profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akinobu Matsumoto
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Alessandra Pasut
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Masaki Matsumoto
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Riu Yamashita
- Department of BioBank, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization (ToMMo), Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8573, Japan
| | - Jacqueline Fung
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Emanuele Monteleone
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.,Molecular Biotechnology Center and Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Alan Saghatelian
- The Clayton Foundation Laboratories for Peptide Biology, Helmsley Center for Genomic Medicine, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Keiichi I Nakayama
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - John G Clohessy
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Pier Paolo Pandolfi
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
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30
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Pasut A, Matsumoto A, Clohessy JG, Pandolfi PP. The pleiotropic role of non-coding genes in development and cancer. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2016; 43:104-113. [PMID: 27865128 PMCID: PMC6010204 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2016.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The expansive dimension of non-coding genes is by now a well-recognized feature of eukaryotes genomes. Over the past decades, in vitro functional studies and in vivo manipulation of non-coding genes through Genetically Engineered Mouse Models (GEMMs) have provided compelling evidence that almost every biological phenomenon is regulated, at some level, by non-coding RNA transcripts or by coding RNAs with non-coding functions. In this opinion article, we will discuss how recent discoveries in the field of non-coding RNAs are contributing to advance our understanding of evolution and organismal complexity and its relevance to human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Pasut
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Akinobu Matsumoto
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - John G Clohessy
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Pier Paolo Pandolfi
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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31
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Tan JL, Fogley RD, Flynn RA, Ablain J, Yang S, Saint-André V, Fan ZP, Do BT, Laga AC, Fujinaga K, Santoriello C, Greer CB, Kim YJ, Clohessy JG, Bothmer A, Pandell N, Avagyan S, Brogie JE, van Rooijen E, Hagedorn EJ, Shyh-Chang N, White RM, Price DH, Pandolfi PP, Peterlin BM, Zhou Y, Kim TH, Asara JM, Chang HY, Young RA, Zon LI. Stress from Nucleotide Depletion Activates the Transcriptional Regulator HEXIM1 to Suppress Melanoma. Mol Cell 2016; 62:34-46. [PMID: 27058786 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2016.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Studying cancer metabolism gives insight into tumorigenic survival mechanisms and susceptibilities. In melanoma, we identify HEXIM1, a transcription elongation regulator, as a melanoma tumor suppressor that responds to nucleotide stress. HEXIM1 expression is low in melanoma. Its overexpression in a zebrafish melanoma model suppresses cancer formation, while its inactivation accelerates tumor onset in vivo. Knockdown of HEXIM1 rescues zebrafish neural crest defects and human melanoma proliferation defects that arise from nucleotide depletion. Under nucleotide stress, HEXIM1 is induced to form an inhibitory complex with P-TEFb, the kinase that initiates transcription elongation, to inhibit elongation at tumorigenic genes. The resulting alteration in gene expression also causes anti-tumorigenic RNAs to bind to and be stabilized by HEXIM1. HEXIM1 plays an important role in inhibiting cancer cell-specific gene transcription while also facilitating anti-cancer gene expression. Our study reveals an important role for HEXIM1 in coupling nucleotide metabolism with transcriptional regulation in melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin L Tan
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stem Cell Program and Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Rachel D Fogley
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stem Cell Program and Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Ryan A Flynn
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Julien Ablain
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stem Cell Program and Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Song Yang
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stem Cell Program and Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Violaine Saint-André
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Zi Peng Fan
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Brian T Do
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Alvaro C Laga
- Department of Pathology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Koh Fujinaga
- Departments of Medicine, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Cristina Santoriello
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stem Cell Program and Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Celeste B Greer
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Yoon Jung Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - John G Clohessy
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, and Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Preclinical Murine Pharmacogenetics Facility, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Anne Bothmer
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, and Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nicole Pandell
- Preclinical Murine Pharmacogenetics Facility, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Serine Avagyan
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stem Cell Program and Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - John E Brogie
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Ellen van Rooijen
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stem Cell Program and Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Elliott J Hagedorn
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stem Cell Program and Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Ng Shyh-Chang
- Genome Institute of Singapore, 60 Biopolis Street, Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | - Richard M White
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - David H Price
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Pier Paolo Pandolfi
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, and Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - B Matija Peterlin
- Departments of Medicine, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Yi Zhou
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stem Cell Program and Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Tae Hoon Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - John M Asara
- Division of Signal Transduction, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Howard Y Chang
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Richard A Young
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Leonard I Zon
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stem Cell Program and Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
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Li Chew C, Lunardi A, Gulluni F, Ruan DT, Chen M, Salmena L, Nishino M, Papa A, Ng C, Fung J, Clohessy JG, Sasaki J, Sasaki T, Bronson RT, Hirsch E, Pandolfi PP. In Vivo Role of INPP4B in Tumor and Metastasis Suppression through Regulation of PI3K-AKT Signaling at Endosomes. Cancer Discov 2015; 5:740-51. [PMID: 25883022 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-14-1347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The phosphatases PTEN and INPP4B have been proposed to act as tumor suppressors by antagonizing PI3K-AKT signaling and are frequently dysregulated in human cancer. Although PTEN has been extensively studied, little is known about the underlying mechanisms by which INPP4B exerts its tumor-suppressive function and its role in tumorigenesis in vivo. Here, we show that a partial or complete loss of Inpp4b morphs benign thyroid adenoma lesions in Pten heterozygous mice into lethal and metastatic follicular-like thyroid cancer (FTC). Importantly, analyses of human thyroid cancer cell lines and specimens reveal INPP4B downregulation in FTC. Mechanistically, we find that INPP4B, but not PTEN, is enriched in the early endosomes of thyroid cancer cells, where it selectively inhibits AKT2 activation and in turn tumor proliferation and anchorage-independent growth. We therefore identify INPP4B as a novel tumor suppressor in FTC oncogenesis and metastasis through localized regulation of the PI3K-AKT pathway at the endosomes. SIGNIFICANCE Although both PTEN and INPP4B can inhibit PI3K-AKT signaling through their lipid phosphatase activities, here we demonstrate lack of an epistatic relationship between the two tumor suppressors. Instead, the qualitative regulation of PI3K-AKT2 signaling by INPP4B provides a mechanism for their cooperation in suppressing thyroid tumorigenesis and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Li Chew
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Andrea Lunardi
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Federico Gulluni
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Italy
| | - Daniel T Ruan
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ming Chen
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Leonardo Salmena
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michiya Nishino
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Antonella Papa
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Christopher Ng
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jacqueline Fung
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - John G Clohessy
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Junko Sasaki
- Department of Medical Biology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine and Research Center for Biosignal, Akita University, Akita, Japan
| | - Takehiko Sasaki
- Department of Medical Biology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine and Research Center for Biosignal, Akita University, Akita, Japan
| | - Roderick T Bronson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Emilio Hirsch
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Italy
| | - Pier Paolo Pandolfi
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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Lunardi A, Webster KA, Papa A, Padmani B, Clohessy JG, Bronson RT, Pandolfi PP. Role of aberrant PI3K pathway activation in gallbladder tumorigenesis. Oncotarget 2015; 5:894-900. [PMID: 24658595 PMCID: PMC4011591 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.1808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The PI3K/AKT pathway governs a plethora of cellular processes, including cell growth, proliferation, and metabolism, in response to growth factors and cytokines. By acting as a unique lipid phosphatase converting phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5,-trisphosphate (PIP3) to phosphatidylinositol-4,5,-bisphosphate (PIP2), phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) acts as the major cellular suppressor of PI3K signaling and AKT activation. Recently, PI3K mutations and loss/mutation of PTEN have been characterized in human gallbladder tumors; whether aberrant PTEN/PI3K pathway plays a causal role in gallbladder carcinogenesis, however, remains unknown. Herein we show that in mice, deregulation of PI3K/AKT signaling is sufficient to transform gallbladder epithelial cells and trigger fully penetrant, highly proliferative gallbladder tumors characterized by high levels of phospho-AKT. Histopathologically, these mouse tumors faithfully resemble human adenomatous gallbladder lesions. The identification of PI3K pathway deregulation as both an early event in the neoplastic transformation of the gallbladder epithelium and a main mechanism of tumor growth in Pten heterozygous and Pten mutant mouse models provides a new framework for studying in vivo the efficacy of target therapies directed against the PI3K pathway, as advanced metastatic tumors are often addicted to “trunkular” mutations.
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González-Billalabeitia E, Seitzer N, Song SJ, Song MS, Patnaik A, Liu XS, Epping MT, Papa A, Hobbs RM, Chen M, Lunardi A, Ng C, Webster KA, Signoretti S, Loda M, Asara JM, Nardella C, Clohessy JG, Cantley LC, Pandolfi PP. Vulnerabilities of PTEN-TP53-deficient prostate cancers to compound PARP-PI3K inhibition. Cancer Discov 2014; 4:896-904. [PMID: 24866151 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-13-0230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Prostate cancer is the most prevalent cancer in males, and treatment options are limited for advanced forms of the disease. Loss of the PTEN and TP53 tumor suppressor genes is commonly observed in prostate cancer, whereas their compound loss is often observed in advanced prostate cancer. Here, we show that PARP inhibition triggers a p53-dependent cellular senescence in a PTEN-deficient setting in the prostate. Surprisingly, we also find that PARP-induced cellular senescence is morphed into an apoptotic response upon compound loss of PTEN and p53. We further show that superactivation of the prosurvival PI3K-AKT signaling pathway limits the efficacy of a PARP single-agent treatment, and that PARP and PI3K inhibitors effectively synergize to suppress tumorigenesis in human prostate cancer cell lines and in a Pten/Trp53-deficient mouse model of advanced prostate cancer. Our findings, therefore, identify a combinatorial treatment with PARP and PI3K inhibitors as an effective option for PTEN-deficient prostate cancer. SIGNIFICANCE The paucity of therapeutic options in advanced prostate cancer displays an urgent need for the preclinical assessment of novel therapeutic strategies. We identified differential therapeutic vulnerabilities that emerge upon the loss of both PTEN and p53, and observed that combined inhibition of PARP and PI3K provides increased efficacy in hormone-insensitive advanced prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique González-Billalabeitia
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School; Department of Medicine; Divisions of On leave of absence: Servicio de Hematología y Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, Murcia, Spain
| | - Nina Seitzer
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School; Department of Medicine; Divisions of
| | - Su Jung Song
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School; Department of Medicine; Divisions of
| | - Min Sup Song
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School; Department of Medicine; Divisions of
| | - Akash Patnaik
- Hematology/Oncology and Signal Transduction, Department of Medicine; Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School
| | - Xue-Song Liu
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School; Department of Medicine; Divisions of
| | - Mirjam T Epping
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School; Department of Medicine; Divisions of
| | - Antonella Papa
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School; Department of Medicine; Divisions of
| | - Robin M Hobbs
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School; Department of Medicine; Divisions of
| | - Ming Chen
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School; Department of Medicine; Divisions of
| | - Andrea Lunardi
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School; Department of Medicine; Divisions of
| | - Christopher Ng
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School; Department of Medicine; Divisions of
| | - Kaitlyn A Webster
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School; Department of Medicine; Divisions of
| | - Sabina Signoretti
- Preclinical Murine Pharmacogenetics Facility, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston
| | - Massimo Loda
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital; Center for Molecular Oncologic Pathology; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston; Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts; and
| | - John M Asara
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School
| | - Caterina Nardella
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School; Department of Medicine; Divisions of Preclinical Murine Pharmacogenetics Facility, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
| | - John G Clohessy
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School; Department of Medicine; Divisions of Preclinical Murine Pharmacogenetics Facility, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
| | - Lewis C Cantley
- Signal Transduction, Department of Medicine; Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School
| | - Pier Paolo Pandolfi
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School; Department of Medicine; Divisions of
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Abstract
The extraordinary endeavor to faithfully model human disorders in mice began in the early 1900s, and in the century since has delivered fundamental advances in our understanding and treatment of human disease. Although it could not be appreciated at the time, 99% of mouse protein-coding genes have an equivalent homolog in the human genome, despite the striking differences in appearance between mouse and man. This remarkable genetic similarity, together with our ability to finely engineer the murine genome, has made the mouse the ideal animal in which to model and analyze human biology and disease. Here we describe this remarkable shared journey between human and mouse, and envisage the next generation of mouse models, which will no doubt prove increasingly sophisticated and even more faithful to human disease. We also address the strategic use of mice in the fight against cancer, and the role they will play in the development of therapies to eradicate this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Lunardi
- Cancer Genetics Program, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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36
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Abstract
Advances in the treatment of human cancer are frequently limited by the inability to test novel drugs and drug combinations in patients in a rapid and streamlined manner. Increasing data from the application of clinically relevant mouse models has highlighted the ability of preclinical trials in mice to address this problem, and has paved the way for what is now termed the "Co-Clinical Trial Project," in which mouse trials are performed concurrently with human trials. This in turn enables efficient patient stratification and therapy optimization based on molecular determinants for effective treatment of cancer. To fully realize the potential of preclinical, coclinical, and postclinical trials in mice, there is a need to establish key principles for carrying out therapeutic mouse trials, to standardize practices for performing such trials, and to establish mouse hospitals where trials can be integrated with corresponding clinical trial efforts in humans. Here we describe critical infrastructural components that are required for effective implementation of such efforts and suggest a model for how mouse hospitals for clinical trials should be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- John G Clohessy
- Preclinical Murine Pharmacogenetics Facility, Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
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37
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Rau R, Magoon D, Greenblatt S, Li L, Annesley C, Duffield AS, Huso D, McIntyre E, Clohessy JG, Reschke M, Pandolfi PP, Small D, Brown P. NPMc+ cooperates with Flt3/ITD mutations to cause acute leukemia recapitulating human disease. Exp Hematol 2013; 42:101-13.e5. [PMID: 24184354 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2013.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2013] [Revised: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cytoplasmic nucleophosmin (NPMc(+)) mutations and FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) internal tandem duplication (ITD) mutations are two of the most common known molecular alterations in acute myeloid leukemia (AML); they frequently occur together, suggesting cooperative leukemogenesis. To explore the specific relationship between NPMc+ and FLT3/ITD in vivo, we crossed Flt3/ITD knock-in mice with transgenic NPMc+ mice. Mice with both mutations develop a transplantable leukemia of either myeloid or lymphoid lineage, definitively demonstrating cooperation between Flt3/ITD and NPMc+. In mice with myeloid leukemia, functionally significant loss of heterozygosity of the wild-type Flt3 allele is common, similar to what is observed in human FLT3/ITD+ AML, providing further in vivo evidence of the importance of loss of wild-type FLT3 in leukemic initiation and progression. Additionally, in vitro clonogenic assays reveal that the combination of Flt3/ITD and NPMc+ mutations causes a profound monocytic expansion, in excess of that seen with either mutation alone consistent with the predominance of myelomonocytic phenotype in human FLT3/ITD+/NPMc+ AML. This in vivo model of Flt3/ITD+/NPMc+ leukemia closely recapitulates human disease and will therefore serve as a tool for the investigation of the biology of this common disease entity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Rau
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Daniel Magoon
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sarah Greenblatt
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Li Li
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Colleen Annesley
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Amy S Duffield
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David Huso
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Emily McIntyre
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - John G Clohessy
- Cancer Genetics Program, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Markus Reschke
- Cancer Genetics Program, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pier Paolo Pandolfi
- Cancer Genetics Program, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Donald Small
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Patrick Brown
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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38
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Lunardi A, Ala U, Epping MT, Salmena L, Clohessy JG, Webster KA, Wang G, Mazzucchelli R, Bianconi M, Stack EC, Lis R, Patnaik A, Cantley LC, Bubley G, Cordon-Cardo C, Gerald WL, Montironi R, Signoretti S, Loda M, Nardella C, Pandolfi PP. A co-clinical approach identifies mechanisms and potential therapies for androgen deprivation resistance in prostate cancer. Nat Genet 2013; 45:747-55. [PMID: 23727860 PMCID: PMC3787876 DOI: 10.1038/ng.2650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Accepted: 05/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Here we report an integrated analysis that leverages data from treatment of genetic mouse models of prostate cancer along with clinical data from patients to elucidate new mechanisms of castration resistance. We show that castration counteracts tumor progression in a Pten-loss driven mouse model of prostate cancer through the induction of apoptosis and proliferation block. Conversely, this response is bypassed upon deletion of either Trp53 or Lrf together with Pten, leading to the development of castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Mechanistically, the integrated acquisition of data from mouse models and patients identifies the expression patterns of XAF1-XIAP/SRD5A1 as a predictive and actionable signature for CRPC. Importantly, we show that combined inhibition of XIAP, SRD5A1, and AR pathways overcomes castration resistance. Thus, our co-clinical approach facilitates stratification of patients and the development of tailored and innovative therapeutic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Lunardi
- Cancer Genetics Program, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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39
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Abstract
Abundant evidence points to a crucial physiological role for cellular senescence in combating tumorigenesis. Thus, the engagement of senescence may represent a key component for therapeutic intervention in the eradication of cancer. In this Opinion article, we focus on concepts that are relevant to a pro-senescence approach to therapy and we propose potential therapeutic strategies that aim to enhance the pro-senescence response in tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Nardella
- Cancer Genetics Program, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA 02215, USA
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40
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Nardella C, Lunardi A, Fedele G, Clohessy JG, Alimonti A, Kozma SC, Thomas G, Loda M, Pandolfi PP. Differential expression of S6K2 dictates tissue-specific requirement for S6K1 in mediating aberrant mTORC1 signaling and tumorigenesis. Cancer Res 2011; 71:3669-75. [PMID: 21444676 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-10-3962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The S6K1 and S6K2 kinases are considered important mTOR signaling effectors, yet their contribution to tumorigenesis remains unclear. Aberrant mTOR activation is a frequent event in cancer that commonly results from heterozygous loss of PTEN. Here, we show for the first time a differential protein expression between S6K1 and S6K2 in both mouse and human tissues. Additionally, the inactivation of S6k1 in the context of Pten heterozygosity (Pten(+/-)) suggests a differential requirement for this protein across multiple tissues. This tissue specificity appears to be governed by the relative protein expression of S6k2. Accordingly, we find that deletion of S6k1 markedly impairs Pten(+/-) mediated adrenal tumorigenesis, specifically due to low expression of S6k2. Concomitant observation of low S6K2 levels in the human adrenal gland supports the development of S6K1 inhibitors for treatment of PTEN loss-driven pheochromocytoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Nardella
- Cancer Genetics Program, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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41
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Alimonti A, Nardella C, Chen Z, Clohessy JG, Carracedo A, Trotman LC, Cheng K, Varmeh S, Kozma SC, Thomas G, Rosivatz E, Woscholski R, Cognetti F, Scher HI, Pandolfi PP. A novel type of cellular senescence that can be enhanced in mouse models and human tumor xenografts to suppress prostate tumorigenesis. J Clin Invest 2010; 120:681-93. [PMID: 20197621 DOI: 10.1172/jci40535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2009] [Accepted: 12/16/2009] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Irreversible cell growth arrest, a process termed cellular senescence, is emerging as an intrinsic tumor suppressive mechanism. Oncogene-induced senescence is thought to be invariably preceded by hyperproliferation, aberrant replication, and activation of a DNA damage checkpoint response (DDR), rendering therapeutic enhancement of this process unsuitable for cancer treatment. We previously demonstrated in a mouse model of prostate cancer that inactivation of the tumor suppressor phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (Pten) elicits a senescence response that opposes tumorigenesis. Here, we show that Pten-loss-induced cellular senescence (PICS) represents a senescence response that is distinct from oncogene-induced senescence and can be targeted for cancer therapy. Using mouse embryonic fibroblasts, we determined that PICS occurs rapidly after Pten inactivation, in the absence of cellular proliferation and DDR. Further, we found that PICS is associated with enhanced p53 translation. Consistent with these data, we showed that in mice p53-stabilizing drugs potentiated PICS and its tumor suppressive potential. Importantly, we demonstrated that pharmacological inhibition of PTEN drives senescence and inhibits tumorigenesis in vivo in a human xenograft model of prostate cancer. Taken together, our data identify a type of cellular senescence that can be triggered in nonproliferating cells in the absence of DNA damage, which we believe will be useful for developing a "pro-senescence" approach for cancer prevention and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Alimonti
- Cancer Genetics Program, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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42
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Abstract
Although much is known about the genes that promote metastasis, few suppressors of metastasis have been found. Adorno et al. (2009) now identify p63 as a potent suppressor of metastasis and uncover an intricate mechanism for the inactivation of metastasis in cancer cells in response to transforming growth factor beta.
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Affiliation(s)
- John G Clohessy
- Cancer Genetics Program, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center and Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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43
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Nardella C, Carracedo A, Alimonti A, Hobbs RM, Clohessy JG, Chen Z, Egia A, Fornari A, Fiorentino M, Loda M, Kozma SC, Thomas G, Cordon-Cardo C, Pandolfi PP. Differential requirement of mTOR in postmitotic tissues and tumorigenesis. Sci Signal 2009; 2:ra2. [PMID: 19176516 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2000189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a crucial effector in a complex signaling network commonly disrupted in cancer. mTOR exerts its multiple functions in the context of two different multiprotein complexes: mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and mTOR complex 2 (mTORC2). Loss of the tumor suppressor PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted from chromosome 10) can hyperactivate mTOR through AKT and represents one of the most frequent events in human prostate cancer. We show here that conditional inactivation of mTor in the adult mouse prostate is seemingly inconsequential for this postmitotic tissue. Conversely, inactivation of mTor leads to a marked suppression of Pten loss-induced tumor initiation and progression in the prostate. This suppression is more pronounced than that elicited by the sole pharmacological abrogation of mTORC1. Acute inactivation of mTor in vitro also highlights the differential requirement of mTor function in proliferating and transformed cells. Collectively, our data constitute a strong rationale for developing specific mTOR inhibitors targeting both mTORC1 and mTORC2 for the treatment of tumors triggered by PTEN deficiency and aberrant mTOR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Nardella
- Cancer Genetics Program, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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44
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Cheng K, Grisendi S, Clohessy JG, Majid S, Bernardi R, Sportoletti P, Pandolfi PP. The leukemia-associated cytoplasmic nucleophosmin mutant is an oncogene with paradoxical functions: Arf inactivation and induction of cellular senescence. Oncogene 2007; 26:7391-400. [PMID: 17546053 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1210549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Mutations leading to aberrant cytoplasmic localization of Nucleophosmin 1 (NPM1) have been recently identified as the most frequent genetic alteration in acute myelogenous leukemia. However, the oncogenic potential of this nucleophosmin mutant (NPMc+) has never been established, which casts doubt on its role in leukemogenesis. By performing classical transformation assays, we find that NPMc+, but not wild-type NPM, cooperates specifically with adenovirus E1A to transform primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts in soft agar. We demonstrate that NPMc+ blocks the p19(Arf) (Arf) induction elicited by E1A. Surprisingly, however, we find that NPMc+ induces cellular senescence and that E1A is able to overcome this response. We propose a model whereby the NPMc+ pro-senescence activity needs to be evaded for oncogenic transformation, even though NPMc+ can concomitantly blunt the Arf/p53 pathway. These findings identify for the first time NPMc+ as an oncogene and shed new unexpected light on its mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Cheng
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA
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Clohessy JG, Zhuang J, de Boer J, Gil-Gómez G, Brady HJM. Mcl-1 Interacts with Truncated Bid and Inhibits Its Induction of Cytochrome c Release and Its Role in Receptor-mediated Apoptosis. J Biol Chem 2006; 281:5750-9. [PMID: 16380381 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m505688200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Engagement of death receptors such as tumor necrosis factor-R1 and Fas brings about the cleavage of cytosolic Bid to truncated Bid (tBid), which translocates to mitochondria to activate Bax/Bak, resulting in the release of cytochrome c. The mechanism underlying the activation, however, is not fully understood. Here, we have identified the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family member Mcl-1 as a potent tBid-binding partner. Site-directed mutagenesis reveals that the Bcl-2 homology (BH)3 domain of tBid is essential for binding to Mcl-1, whereas all three BH domains (BH1, BH2, and BH3) of Mcl-1 are required for interaction with tBid. In vitro studies using isolated mitochondria and recombinant proteins demonstrate that Mcl-1 strongly inhibits tBid-induced cytochrome c release. In addition to its ability to interact directly with Bax and Bak, tBid also binds Mcl-1 and displaces Bak from the Mcl-1-Bak complex. Importantly, overexpression of Mcl-1 confers resistance to the induction of apoptosis by both TRAIL and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in HeLa cells, whereas targeting Mcl-1 by RNA interference sensitizes HeLa cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Therefore, our study demonstrates a novel regulation of tBid by Mcl-1 through protein-protein interaction in apoptotic signaling from death receptors to mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- John G Clohessy
- Molecular Haematology and Cancer Biology Unit, Institute of Child Health and Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, University College London, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom
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Abstract
Mcl-1 is essential for normal haematopoiesis, being required for lymphocyte development and maintenance. Its role in haematopoietic differentiation and development is associated with its function as an anti-apoptotic member of the Bcl-2 family of proteins although the underlining mechanism is poorly understood. We have characterized caspase cleavage of the Mcl-1 protein during apoptosis. Caspase cleavage resulted in the removal of the PEST regions from the protein and generation of a fragment containing the BH-1, -2 and -3 homology domains. Removal of the PEST regions did not appear to alter Mcl-1 stability, suggesting that these regions are not responsible for Mcl-1's short half-life. In addition, unlike cleavage of Bcl-2 and Bcl-X(L), which resulted in pro-apoptotic fragments, cleaved forms of Mcl-1 were unable to induce apoptosis. This novel regulation of Mcl-1 may have important implications not only for its role in apoptosis but also for the essential role it plays in the differentiation and development of haematopoietic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- John G Clohessy
- Molecular Haematology and Cancer Biology Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
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