1
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Wilbanks B, Pearson K, Byrne SR, Bickart LB, Dedon PC, Maher LJ. DNA Modifications Enabling Proximity Biotinylation. Bioconjug Chem 2023; 34. [PMID: 36888923 PMCID: PMC10119920 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.2c00475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
Advances in peroxidase and biotin ligase-mediated signal amplification have enabled high-resolution subcellular mapping of endogenous RNA localization and protein-protein interactions. Application of these technologies has been limited to RNA and proteins because of the reactive groups required for biotinylation in each context. Here we report several novel methods for proximity biotinylation of exogenous oligodeoxyribonucleotides by application of well-established and convenient enzymatic tools. We describe approaches using simple and efficient conjugation chemistries to modify deoxyribonucleotides with "antennae" that react with phenoxy radicals or biotinoyl-5'-adenylate. In addition, we report chemical details of a previously undescribed adduct between tryptophan and a phenoxy radical group. These developments have potential application in the selection of exogenous nucleic acids capable of unaided entry into living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Wilbanks
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo
Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, United States
| | - Keenan Pearson
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo
Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, United States
| | - Shane R. Byrne
- Department
of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Laura B. Bickart
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo
Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, United States
| | - Peter C. Dedon
- Department
of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Antimicrobial
Resistance Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore 138602
| | - L. James Maher
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo
Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, United States
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2
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Kwon DH, Gim GM, Eom KH, Lee JH, Jang G. Application of transposon systems in the transgenesis of bovine somatic and germ cells. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:156. [PMID: 35477562 PMCID: PMC9044889 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03252-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Several DNA transposons including PiggyBac (PB), Sleeping Beauty (SB), and Tol2 have been applied as effective means for of transgenesis in many species. Cattle are not typically experimental animals, and relatively little verification has been presented on this species. Thus, the goal here was to determine the applicability of three transposon systems in somatic and embryo cells in cattle, while also investigating which of the three systems is appropriate for each cell type. Green fluorescent protein (GFP)-expressing transposon systems were used for electroporation and microinjection in the somatic cells and embryo stage, respectively. After transfection, the GFP-positive cells or blastocysts were observed through fluorescence, while the transfection efficiency was calculated by FACS. Results In bovine somatic cells, the PB (63.97 ± 11.56) showed the highest efficiency of the three systems (SB: 50.74 ± 13.02 and Tol2: 16.55 ± 5.96). Conversely, Tol2 (75.00%) and SB (70.00%) presented a higher tendency in the embryonic cells compared to PB (42.86%). Conclusions These results demonstrate that these three transposon systems can be used in bovine somatic cells and embryos as gene engineering experimental methods. Moreover, they demonstrate which type of transposon system to apply depending on the cell type. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12917-022-03252-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Hyeok Kwon
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea, 08826.,BK21 PLUS program, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeong-Min Gim
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea, 08826.,BK21 PLUS program, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong-Hyeon Eom
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea, 08826.,BK21 PLUS program, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Goo Jang
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea, 08826. .,BK21 PLUS program, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea. .,LARTBio Inc, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Lou Z, Post A, Rodgers CE, Chamankhah M, Hong J, Ahuja CS, Khazaei M, Fehlings MG. Neural Progenitor Cells Expressing Herpes Simplex Virus-Thymidine Kinase for Ablation Have Differential Chemosensitivity to Brivudine and Ganciclovir. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:638021. [PMID: 34938162 PMCID: PMC8685296 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.638021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural progenitor cell (NPC) transplants are a promising therapy for treating spinal cord injury (SCI), however, their long-term role after engraftment and the relative contribution to ongoing functional recovery remains a key knowledge gap. Selective human cell ablation techniques, currently being developed to improve the safety of progenitor cell transplant therapies in patients, may also be used as tools to probe the regenerative effects attributable to individual grafted cell populations. The Herpes Simplex Virus Thymidine Kinase (HSV-TK) and ganciclovir (GCV) system has been extensively studied in the context of SCI and broader CNS disease. However, the efficacy of brivudine (BVDU), another HSV-TK prodrug with potentially reduced bystander cytotoxic effects and in vivo toxicity, has yet to be investigated for NPC ablation. In this study, we demonstrate successful generation and in vitro ablation of HSV-TK-expressing human iPSC-derived NPCs with a >80% reduction in survival over controls. We validated an HSV-TK and GCV/BVDU synergistic system with iPSC-NPCs using an efficient gene-transfer method and in vivo ablation in a translationally relevant model of SCI. Our findings demonstrate enhanced ablation efficiency and reduced bystander effects when targeting all rapidly dividing cells with combinatorial GCV and BVDU treatment. However, for use in loss of function studies, BVDU alone is optimal due to reduced nonselective cell ablation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijian Lou
- Division of Genetics and Development, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Alexander Post
- Division of Genetics and Development, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Christopher E Rodgers
- Division of Genetics and Development, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mahmood Chamankhah
- Division of Genetics and Development, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - James Hong
- Division of Genetics and Development, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Christopher S Ahuja
- Division of Genetics and Development, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mohamad Khazaei
- Division of Genetics and Development, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael G Fehlings
- Division of Genetics and Development, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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4
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In Vivo Piggybac-Based Gene Delivery towards Murine Pancreatic Parenchyma Confers Sustained Expression of Gene of Interest. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20133116. [PMID: 31247905 PMCID: PMC6651600 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20133116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The pancreas is a glandular organ that functions in the digestive system and endocrine system of vertebrates. The most common disorders involving the pancreas are diabetes, pancreatitis, and pancreatic cancer. In vivo gene delivery targeting the pancreas is important for preventing or curing such diseases and for exploring the biological function of genes involved in the pathogenesis of these diseases. Our previous experiments demonstrated that adult murine pancreatic cells can be efficiently transfected by exogenous plasmid DNA following intraparenchymal injection and subsequent in vivo electroporation using tweezer-type electrodes. Unfortunately, the induced gene expression was transient. Transposon-based gene delivery, such as that facilitated by piggyBac (PB), is known to confer stable integration of a gene of interest (GOI) into host chromosomes, resulting in sustained expression of the GOI. In this study, we investigated the use of the PB transposon system to achieve stable gene expression when transferred into murine pancreatic cells using the above-mentioned technique. Expression of the GOI (coding for fluorescent protein) continued for at least 1.5 months post-gene delivery. Splinkerette-PCR-based analysis revealed the presence of the consensus sequence TTAA at the junctional portion between host chromosomes and the transgenes; however, this was not observed in all samples. This plasmid-based PB transposon system enables constitutive expression of the GOI in pancreas for potential therapeutic and biological applications.
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5
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Gupta A, Zimmermann MT, Wang H, Broski SM, Sigafoos AN, Macklin SK, Urrutia RA, Clark KJ, Atwal PS, Pignolo RJ, Klee EW. Molecular characterization of known and novel ACVR1 variants in phenotypes of aberrant ossification. Am J Med Genet A 2019; 179:1764-1777. [PMID: 31240838 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) is a disorder principally characterized by calcification and ossification of spinal ligaments and entheses. Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) is a rare autosomal dominant disabling disorder characterized by progressive ossification of skeletal muscle, fascia, tendons, and ligaments. These conditions manifest phenotypic overlap in the ossification of tendons and ligaments. We describe herein a patient with DISH, exhibiting heterotopic ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament where clinical whole exome sequencing identified a variant within ACVR1, a gene implicated in FOP. This variant, p.K400E, is a novel variant, not identified previously, and occurs in a highly conserved region across orthologs. We used sequence-based predicative algorithms, molecular modeling, and molecular dynamics simulations, to test the potential for p.K400E to alter the structure and dynamics of ACVR1. We applied the same modeling and simulation methods to established FOP variants, to identify the detailed effects that they have on the ACVR1 protein, as well as to act as positive controls against which the effects of p.K400E could be evaluated. Our in silico molecular analyses support p.K400E as altering the behavior of ACVR1. In addition, functional testing to measure the effect of this variant on BMP-pSMAD 1/5/8 target genes was carried out which revealed this variant to cause increased ID1 and Msx2 expression compared with the wild-type receptor. This analysis supports the potential for the variant of uncertain significance to contribute to the patient's phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Gupta
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Michael T Zimmermann
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Haitao Wang
- Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | - Ashley N Sigafoos
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | - Raul A Urrutia
- Laboratory of Epigenetics and Chromatin Dynamics, Epigenomics Translational Program, Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Karl J Clark
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | - Robert J Pignolo
- Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Eric W Klee
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,Department of Health Sciences Research, Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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6
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Yuan F, Guo L, Park KH, Woollard JR, Taek-Geun K, Jiang K, Melkamu T, Zang B, Smith SL, Fahrenkrug SC, Kolodgie FD, Lerman A, Virmani R, Lerman LO, Carlson DF. Ossabaw Pigs With a PCSK9 Gain-of-Function Mutation Develop Accelerated Coronary Atherosclerotic Lesions: A Novel Model for Preclinical Studies. J Am Heart Assoc 2018; 7:e006207. [PMID: 29572319 PMCID: PMC5907533 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.117.006207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ossabaw pigs are unique miniature swine with genetic predisposition to develop metabolic syndrome and coronary atherosclerosis after extended periods receiving atherogenic diets. We have hypothesized that transgenic Ossabaw swine expressing chimp PCSK9 (proprotein convertase subtilisin-like/kexin type 9) containing the D374Y gain of function would develop familial hypercholesterolemia and coronary artery plaques more rapidly than Landrace swine with the same transgene. METHODS AND RESULTS Ossabaw and Landrace PCSK9 gain-of-function founders were generated by Sleeping Beauty transposition and cloning. Histopathologic findings in the Ossabaw founder animal showed more advanced plaques and higher stenosis than in the Landrace founder, underscoring the Ossabaw genetic predisposition to atherosclerosis. We chose to further characterize the Ossabaw PCSK9 gain-of-function animals receiving standard or atherogenic diets in a 6-month longitudinal study using computed tomography, magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, intravascular ultrasound, and optical coherence tomography, followed by pathological analysis of atherosclerosis focused on the coronary arteries. The Ossabaw model was consistently hypercholesterolemic, with or without dietary challenge, and by 6 months had consistent and diffuse fibrofatty or fibroatheromatous plaques with necrosis, overlying fibrous caps, and calcification in up to 10% of coronary plaques. CONCLUSIONS The Ossabaw PCSK9 gain-of-function model provides consistent and robust disease development in a time frame that is practical for use in preclinical therapeutic evaluation to drive innovation. Although no animal model perfectly mimics the human condition, this genetic large-animal model is a novel tool for testing therapeutic interventions in the context of developing and advanced coronary artery disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Yuan
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
- Department of Cardiology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Liang Guo
- CVPath Institute Inc, Gaithersburg, MD
| | - Kyoung-Ha Park
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Hallym University Medical Center, Anyang, Korea
| | - John R Woollard
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Kwon Taek-Geun
- Heart Center, Konyang University Hospital, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Kai Jiang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | | | - Bin Zang
- Program of Scientific Computation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | | | | | | | - Amir Lerman
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | | | - Lilach O Lerman
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
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7
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Perleberg C, Kind A, Schnieke A. Genetically engineered pigs as models for human disease. Dis Model Mech 2018; 11:11/1/dmm030783. [PMID: 29419487 PMCID: PMC5818075 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.030783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetically modified animals are vital for gaining a proper understanding of disease mechanisms. Mice have long been the mainstay of basic research into a wide variety of diseases but are not always the most suitable means of translating basic knowledge into clinical application. The shortcomings of rodent preclinical studies are widely recognised, and regulatory agencies around the world now require preclinical trial data from nonrodent species. Pigs are well suited to biomedical research, sharing many similarities with humans, including body size, anatomical features, physiology and pathophysiology, and they already play an important role in translational studies. This role is set to increase as advanced genetic techniques simplify the generation of pigs with precisely tailored modifications designed to replicate lesions responsible for human disease. This article provides an overview of the most promising and clinically relevant genetically modified porcine models of human disease for translational biomedical research, including cardiovascular diseases, cancers, diabetes mellitus, Alzheimer's disease, cystic fibrosis and Duchenne muscular dystrophy. We briefly summarise the technologies involved and consider the future impact of recent technical advances. Summary: An overview of porcine models of human disease, including cardiovascular diseases, cancers, diabetes mellitus, Alzheimer's disease, cystic fibrosis and Duchenne muscular dystrophy. We summarise the technologies involved and potential future impact of recent technical advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Perleberg
- Chair of Livestock Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Technische Universität München, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Alexander Kind
- Chair of Livestock Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Technische Universität München, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Angelika Schnieke
- Chair of Livestock Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Technische Universität München, 85354 Freising, Germany
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8
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Hyland KA, Aronovich EL, Olson ER, Bell JB, Rusten MU, Gunther R, Hunter DW, Hackett PB, McIvor RS. Transgene Expression in Dogs After Liver-Directed Hydrodynamic Delivery of Sleeping Beauty Transposons Using Balloon Catheters. Hum Gene Ther 2017; 28:541-550. [PMID: 28447859 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2017.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The Sleeping Beauty transposon system has been extensively tested for integration of reporter and therapeutic genes in vitro and in vivo in mice. Dogs were used as a large animal model for human therapy and minimally invasive infusion of DNA solutions. DNA solutions were delivered into the entire liver or the left side of the liver using balloon catheters for temporary occlusion of venous outflow. A peak intravascular pressure between 80 and 140 mmHg supported sufficient DNA delivery in dog liver for detection of secretable reporter proteins. Secretable reporters allowed monitoring of the time course of gene products detectable in the circulation postinfusion. Canine secreted alkaline phosphatase reporter protein levels were measured in plasma, with expression detectable for up to 6 weeks, while expression of canine erythropoietin was detectable for 7-10 days. All animals exhibited a transient increase in blood transaminases that normalized within 10 days; otherwise the treated animals were clinically normal. These results demonstrate the utility of a secreted reporter protein for real-time monitoring of gene expression in the liver in a large animal model but highlight the need for improved delivery in target tissues to support integration and long-term expression of Sleeping Beauty transposons.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elena L Aronovich
- 2 Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development and Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Erik R Olson
- 1 Discovery Genomics, Inc., Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Jason B Bell
- 2 Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development and Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Myra Urness Rusten
- 3 Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Roland Gunther
- 4 Department of Research Animal Resources, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - David W Hunter
- 3 Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Perry B Hackett
- 2 Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development and Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - R Scott McIvor
- 1 Discovery Genomics, Inc., Minneapolis, Minnesota.,2 Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development and Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota
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9
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Bai DP, Yang MM, Qu L, Chen YL. Generation of a transgenic cashmere goat using the piggyBac transposition system. Theriogenology 2017; 93:1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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10
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Sato M, Maeda K, Koriyama M, Inada E, Saitoh I, Miura H, Ohtsuka M, Nakamura S, Sakurai T, Watanabe S, Miyoshi K. The piggyBac-Based Gene Delivery System Can Confer Successful Production of Cloned Porcine Blastocysts with Multigene Constructs. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:E1424. [PMID: 27589724 PMCID: PMC5037703 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17091424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 08/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The introduction of multigene constructs into single cells is important for improving the performance of domestic animals, as well as understanding basic biological processes. In particular, multigene constructs allow the engineering and integration of multiple genes related to xenotransplantation into the porcine genome. The piggyBac (PB) transposon system allows multiple genes to be stably integrated into target genomes through a single transfection event. However, to our knowledge, no attempt to introduce multiple genes into a porcine genome has been made using this system. In this study, we simultaneously introduced seven transposons into a single porcine embryonic fibroblast (PEF). PEFs were transfected with seven transposons containing genes for five drug resistance proteins and two (red and green) fluorescent proteins, together with a PB transposase expression vector, pTrans (experimental group). The above seven transposons (without pTrans) were transfected concomitantly (control group). Selection of these transfected cells in the presence of multiple selection drugs resulted in the survival of several clones derived from the experimental group, but not from the control. PCR analysis demonstrated that approximately 90% (12/13 tested) of the surviving clones possessed all of the introduced transposons. Splinkerette PCR demonstrated that the transposons were inserted through the TTAA target sites of PB. Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) using a PEF clone with multigene constructs demonstrated successful production of cloned blastocysts expressing both red and green fluorescence. These results indicate the feasibility of this PB-mediated method for simultaneous transfer of multigene constructs into the porcine cell genome, which is useful for production of cloned transgenic pigs expressing multiple transgenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Sato
- Section of Gene Expression Regulation, Frontier Science Research Center, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan.
| | - Kosuke Maeda
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan.
| | - Miyu Koriyama
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan.
| | - Emi Inada
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan.
| | - Issei Saitoh
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Oral Health Sciences, Course for Oral Life Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8514, Japan.
| | - Hiromi Miura
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Basic Medical Science, School of Medicine, Tokai University, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan.
| | - Masato Ohtsuka
- Division of Basic Molecular Science and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Tokai University, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan.
- The Institute of Medical Sciences, Tokai University, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan.
| | - Shingo Nakamura
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, National Defense Medical College Research Institute, Saitama 359-8513, Japan.
| | - Takayuki Sakurai
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Graduate school of Medicine, Shinshu University, Nagano 390-8621, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Watanabe
- Animal Genome Research Unit, Division of Animal Science, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan.
| | - Kazuchika Miyoshi
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan.
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11
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Alessio AP, Fili AE, Garrels W, Forcato DO, Olmos Nicotra MF, Liaudat AC, Bevacqua RJ, Savy V, Hiriart MI, Talluri TR, Owens JB, Ivics Z, Salamone DF, Moisyadi S, Kues WA, Bosch P. Establishment of cell-based transposon-mediated transgenesis in cattle. Theriogenology 2015; 85:1297-311.e2. [PMID: 26838464 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2015.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Transposon-mediated transgenesis is a well-established tool for genome modification in small animal models. However, translation of this active transgenic method to large animals warrants further investigations. Here, the piggyBac (PB) and sleeping beauty (SB) transposon systems were assessed for stable gene transfer into the cattle genome. Bovine fibroblasts were transfected either with a helper-independent PB system or a binary SB system. Both transposons were highly active in bovine cells increasing the efficiency of DNA integration up to 88 times over basal nonfacilitated integrations in a colony formation assay. SB transposase catalyzed multiplex transgene integrations in fibroblast cells transfected with the helper vector and two donor vectors carrying different transgenes (fluorophore and neomycin resistance). Stably transfected fibroblasts were used for SCNT and on in vitro embryo culture, morphologically normal blastocysts that expressed the fluorophore were obtained with both transposon systems. The data indicate that transposition is a feasible approach for genetic engineering in the cattle genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana P Alessio
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fco-Qcas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Córdoba, República Argentina
| | - Alejandro E Fili
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fco-Qcas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Córdoba, República Argentina
| | - Wiebke Garrels
- Department of Biotechnology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institut für Nutztiergenetik, Neustadt, Germany
| | - Diego O Forcato
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fco-Qcas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Córdoba, República Argentina
| | - María F Olmos Nicotra
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fco-Qcas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Córdoba, República Argentina
| | - Ana C Liaudat
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fco-Qcas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Córdoba, República Argentina
| | - Romina J Bevacqua
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Animal, Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, República Argentina
| | - Virginia Savy
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Animal, Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, República Argentina
| | - María I Hiriart
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Animal, Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, República Argentina
| | - Thirumala R Talluri
- Department of Biotechnology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institut für Nutztiergenetik, Neustadt, Germany
| | - Jesse B Owens
- Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry and Physiology, Institute for Biogenesis Research, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Zoltán Ivics
- Division of Medical Biotechnology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institute, Langen, Germany
| | - Daniel F Salamone
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Animal, Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, República Argentina
| | - Stefan Moisyadi
- Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry and Physiology, Institute for Biogenesis Research, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Wilfried A Kues
- Department of Biotechnology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institut für Nutztiergenetik, Neustadt, Germany
| | - Pablo Bosch
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fco-Qcas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Córdoba, República Argentina.
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12
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Hyland KA, Olson ER, McIvor RS. Sleeping Beauty-Mediated Drug Resistance Gene Transfer in Human Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells. Hum Gene Ther 2015; 26:657-63. [PMID: 26176276 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2015.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Sleeping Beauty (SB) transposon system can insert sequences into mammalian chromosomes, supporting long-term expression of both reporter and therapeutic genes. Hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) are an ideal therapeutic gene transfer target as they are used in therapy for a variety of hematologic and metabolic conditions. As successful SB-mediated gene transfer into human CD34(+) HPCs has been reported by several laboratories, we sought to extend these studies to the introduction of a therapeutic gene conferring resistance to methotrexate (MTX), potentially providing a chemoprotective effect after engraftment. SB-mediated transposition of hematopoietic progenitors, using a transposon encoding an L22Y variant dihydrofolate reductase fused to green fluorescent protein, conferred resistance to methotrexate and dipyridamole, a nucleoside transport inhibitor that tightens MTX selection conditions, as assessed by in vitro hematopoietic colony formation. Transposition of individual transgenes was confirmed by sequence analysis of transposon-chromosome junctions recovered by linear amplification-mediated PCR. These studies demonstrate the potential of SB-mediated transposition of HPCs for expression of drug resistance genes for selective and chemoprotective applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erik R Olson
- 1 Discovery Genomics, Inc. , Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - R Scott McIvor
- 1 Discovery Genomics, Inc. , Minneapolis, Minnesota.,2 Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota
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13
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Inada E, Saitoh I, Watanabe S, Aoki R, Miura H, Ohtsuka M, Murakami T, Sawami T, Yamasaki Y, Sato M. PiggyBac transposon-mediated gene delivery efficiently generates stable transfectants derived from cultured primary human deciduous tooth dental pulp cells (HDDPCs) and HDDPC-derived iPS cells. Int J Oral Sci 2015. [PMID: 26208039 PMCID: PMC4582557 DOI: 10.1038/ijos.2015.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability of human deciduous tooth dental pulp cells (HDDPCs) to differentiate into odontoblasts that generate mineralized tissue holds immense potential for therapeutic use in the field of tooth regenerative medicine. Realization of this potential depends on efficient and optimized protocols for the genetic manipulation of HDDPCs. In this study, we demonstrate the use of a PiggyBac (PB)-based gene transfer system as a method for introducing nonviral transposon DNA into HDDPCs and HDDPC-derived inducible pluripotent stem cells. The transfection efficiency of the PB-based system was significantly greater than previously reported for electroporation-based transfection of plasmid DNA. Using the neomycin resistance gene as a selection marker, HDDPCs were stably transfected at a rate nearly 40-fold higher than that achieved using conventional methods. Using this system, it was also possible to introduce two constructs simultaneously into a single cell. The resulting stable transfectants, expressing tdTomato and enhanced green fluorescent protein, exhibited both red and green fluorescence. The established cell line did not lose the acquired phenotype over three months of culture. Based on our results, we concluded that PB is superior to currently available methods for introducing plasmid DNA into HDDPCs. There may be significant challenges in the direct clinical application of this method for human dental tissue engineering due to safety risks and ethical concerns. However, the high level of transfection achieved with PB may have significant advantages in basic scientific research for dental tissue engineering applications, such as functional studies of genes and proteins. Furthermore, it is a useful tool for the isolation of genetically engineered HDDPC-derived stem cells for studies in tooth regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emi Inada
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Issei Saitoh
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Satoshi Watanabe
- Animal Genome Research Unit, Division of Animal Science, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Reiji Aoki
- Functional Biomolecules Research Group, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hiromi Miura
- Division of Basic Molecular Science and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Tokai University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masato Ohtsuka
- Division of Basic Molecular Science and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Tokai University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tomoya Murakami
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Tadashi Sawami
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Youichi Yamasaki
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Masahiro Sato
- Section of Gene Expression Regulation, Frontier Science Research Center, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
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14
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Bosch P, Forcato DO, Alustiza FE, Alessio AP, Fili AE, Olmos Nicotra MF, Liaudat AC, Rodríguez N, Talluri TR, Kues WA. Exogenous enzymes upgrade transgenesis and genetic engineering of farm animals. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:1907-29. [PMID: 25636347 PMCID: PMC11114025 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-1842-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Revised: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Transgenic farm animals are attractive alternative mammalian models to rodents for the study of developmental, genetic, reproductive and disease-related biological questions, as well for the production of recombinant proteins, or the assessment of xenotransplants for human patients. Until recently, the ability to generate transgenic farm animals relied on methods of passive transgenesis. In recent years, significant improvements have been made to introduce and apply active techniques of transgenesis and genetic engineering in these species. These new approaches dramatically enhance the ease and speed with which livestock species can be genetically modified, and allow to performing precise genetic modifications. This paper provides a synopsis of enzyme-mediated genetic engineering in livestock species covering the early attempts employing naturally occurring DNA-modifying proteins to recent approaches working with tailored enzymatic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Bosch
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fco-Qcas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Río Cuarto, Córdoba Republic of Argentina
| | - Diego O. Forcato
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fco-Qcas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Río Cuarto, Córdoba Republic of Argentina
| | - Fabrisio E. Alustiza
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fco-Qcas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Río Cuarto, Córdoba Republic of Argentina
| | - Ana P. Alessio
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fco-Qcas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Río Cuarto, Córdoba Republic of Argentina
| | - Alejandro E. Fili
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fco-Qcas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Río Cuarto, Córdoba Republic of Argentina
| | - María F. Olmos Nicotra
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fco-Qcas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Río Cuarto, Córdoba Republic of Argentina
| | - Ana C. Liaudat
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fco-Qcas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Río Cuarto, Córdoba Republic of Argentina
| | - Nancy Rodríguez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fco-Qcas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Río Cuarto, Córdoba Republic of Argentina
| | - Thirumala R. Talluri
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Institute of Farm Animal Genetics, Biotechnology, 31535 Neustadt, Germany
| | - Wilfried A. Kues
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Institute of Farm Animal Genetics, Biotechnology, 31535 Neustadt, Germany
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15
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Sato M, Inada E, Saitoh I, Matsumoto Y, Ohtsuka M, Miura H, Nakamura S, Sakurai T, Watanabe S. A combination of targeted toxin technology and the piggyBac-mediated gene transfer system enables efficient isolation of stable transfectants in nonhuman mammalian cells. Biotechnol J 2014; 10:143-53. [PMID: 25345906 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201400283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Revised: 11/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Isolation of cells harboring exogenous DNA is typically achieved by the introduction of plasmids, but its efficiency remains still low. In this study, we developed a novel strategy to obtain stable transfectants efficiently. Porcine embryonic fibroblasts were transfected with two plasmids: (i) pTransIEnd, which comprises the ubiquitous promoter, the piggyBac (PB) transposase gene, an internal ribosomal entry site, the Clostridium perfringens-derived endo-β-galactosidase C (EndoGalC) gene, and a poly(A) tail and (ii) a PB-based plasmid, termed pT-EGFP, which contains enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) expression unit flanked by PB acceptor sites. The PB transposase can accelerate the chromosomal integration of transposon vectors. EndoGalC expression results in removal of a cell surface α-Gal epitope, which is specifically recognized by Bandeiraea simplicifolia isolectin-B4 (IB4). Four days after transfection, cells were treated with IB4SAP (IB4 conjugated to saporin, which eliminates any α-Gal epitope-expressing cells) for a short period, followed by standard culture for approximately 10 days. Several colonies emerged, most of which were positive for EGFP expression and lacked TransIEnd. These results indicated that the proposed approach is useful and efficient for obtaining stable transfectants without the use of drug-resistance genes, and offers a novel route for gene manipulation in cultured nonhuman mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Sato
- Section of Gene Expression Regulation, Frontier Science Research Center, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan.
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16
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Park KE, Telugu BPVL. Role of stem cells in large animal genetic engineering in the TALENs-CRISPR era. Reprod Fertil Dev 2014; 26:65-73. [PMID: 24305178 DOI: 10.1071/rd13258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The establishment of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and gene targeting technologies in mice has revolutionised the field of genetics. The relative ease with which genes can be knocked out, and exogenous sequences introduced, has allowed the mouse to become the prime model for deciphering the genetic code. Not surprisingly, the lack of authentic ESCs has hampered the livestock genetics field and has forced animal scientists into adapting alternative technologies for genetic engineering. The recent discovery of the creation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) by upregulation of a handful of reprogramming genes has offered renewed enthusiasm to animal geneticists. However, much like ESCs, establishing authentic iPSCs from the domestic animals is still beset with problems, including (but not limited to) the persistent expression of reprogramming genes and the lack of proven potential for differentiation into target cell types both in vitro and in vivo. Site-specific nucleases comprised of zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) and clustered regulated interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPRs) emerged as powerful genetic tools for precisely editing the genome, usurping the need for ESC-based genetic modifications even in the mouse. In this article, in the aftermath of these powerful genome editing technologies, the role of pluripotent stem cells in livestock genetics is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Eun Park
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
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17
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Horii T, Morita S, Kimura M, Kobayashi R, Tamura D, Takahashi RU, Kimura H, Suetake I, Ohata H, Okamoto K, Tajima S, Ochiya T, Abe Y, Hatada I. Genome engineering of mammalian haploid embryonic stem cells using the Cas9/RNA system. PeerJ 2013; 1:e230. [PMID: 24432195 PMCID: PMC3883491 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Haploid embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are useful for studying mammalian genes because disruption of only one allele can cause loss-of-function phenotypes. Here, we report the use of haploid ESCs and the CRISPR RNA-guided Cas9 nuclease gene-targeting system to manipulate mammalian genes. Co-transfection of haploid ESCs with vectors expressing Cas9 nuclease and single-guide RNAs (sgRNAs) targeting Tet1, Tet2, and Tet3 resulted in the complete disruption of all three genes and caused a loss-of-function phenotype with high efficiency (50%). Co-transfection of cells with vectors expressing Cas9 and sgRNAs targeting two loci on the same chromosome resulted in the creation of a large chromosomal deletion and a large inversion. Thus, the use of the CRISPR system in combination with haploid ESCs provides a powerful platform to manipulate the mammalian genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuro Horii
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Biosignal Genome Resource Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University , Maebashi, Gunma , Japan
| | - Sumiyo Morita
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Biosignal Genome Resource Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University , Maebashi, Gunma , Japan
| | - Mika Kimura
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Biosignal Genome Resource Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University , Maebashi, Gunma , Japan
| | - Ryouhei Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Biosignal Genome Resource Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University , Maebashi, Gunma , Japan ; Department of Laboratory Sciences, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Gunma University , Maebashi, Gunma , Japan
| | - Daiki Tamura
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Biosignal Genome Resource Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University , Maebashi, Gunma , Japan
| | - Ryou-U Takahashi
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute , Chuo-ku, Tokyo , Japan
| | - Hironobu Kimura
- Laboratory of Epigenetics, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University , Suita, Osaka , Japan
| | - Isao Suetake
- Laboratory of Epigenetics, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University , Suita, Osaka , Japan
| | - Hirokazu Ohata
- Division of Cancer Development System, National Cancer Center Research Institute , Chuo-ku, Tokyo , Japan
| | - Koji Okamoto
- Division of Cancer Development System, National Cancer Center Research Institute , Chuo-ku, Tokyo , Japan
| | - Shoji Tajima
- Laboratory of Epigenetics, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University , Suita, Osaka , Japan
| | - Takahiro Ochiya
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute , Chuo-ku, Tokyo , Japan
| | - Yumiko Abe
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Gunma University , Maebashi, Gunma , Japan
| | - Izuho Hatada
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Biosignal Genome Resource Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University , Maebashi, Gunma , Japan
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18
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PK-15 cells transfected with porcine CD163 by PiggyBac transposon system are susceptible to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. J Virol Methods 2013; 193:383-90. [PMID: 23835031 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2013.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2013] [Revised: 06/18/2013] [Accepted: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The PiggyBac (PB) transposon system is a non-viral DNA-transfer system in which a transposase directs integration of a PB transposon into a TTAA site in the genome. Transgenic expression of porcine CD163 is necessary and sufficient to confer non-permissive cells susceptible to infection with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). Such permissive cells can be used as a tool for PRRSV cellular receptor and other studies. One of the problems in studying PRRSV is the lack of porcine cell lines. In this study, efficient transfection and expression of porcine CD163 in PK-15 cells by PB transposition was demonstrated. The stable PK-15CD163 cell line was used in PRRSV infection assays. The data indicated that the average PB transgene copy number per genome was approximately 10. In line with previous literature the integration of PB into the genome had a bias toward the TTAA chromosomal site. The PK-15CD163 cell line was susceptible to infection by different PRRSV strains and the virus grew to similar titers compared to the Marc-145 cell line. This simplification of PK-15CD163 cell line production will provide a valuable tool to facilitate PRRSV cellular receptor studies and to accelerate existing vectors for PK-15 cell-based gene transfer and expression.
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19
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Du X, Cui J, Wang C, Huo X, Lu J, Li Y, Chen Z. Detected microsatellite polymorphisms in genetically altered inbred mouse strains. Mol Genet Genomics 2013; 288:309-16. [PMID: 23700121 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-013-0751-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2012] [Accepted: 05/09/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Microsatellites are 50-200 repetitive DNA sequences composed of 1- to 6-base-pair-long reiterative motifs within the genome. They are vulnerable to DNA modifications, such as recombination and/or integration, and are recognized as "sentinel" DNA. Our previous report indicated that the genotypes of the microsatellite loci could change from mono- to poly-morphisms (CMP) in gene knockout (KO) mice, implying that genetic modification induces microsatellite mutation. However, it is still unclear whether the random insertion of DNA fragments into mice genomes produced via transgene (Tg) or N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) would also result in microsatellite mutations or microsatellite loci genotypes changes. This study was designed to find possible clues to answer this question. In brief, 198 microsatellite loci that were distributed among almost all of the chromosomes (except for the Y) were examined through polymerase chain reaction to screen possible CMPs in six Tg strains. First, for each strain, the microsatellite sequences of all loci were compared between Tg and the corresponding background strain to exclude genetic interference. Simultaneously, to exclude spontaneous mutation-related CMPs that might exist in the examined six strains, mice from five spontaneously mutated inbred strains were used as the negative controls. Additionally, the sequences of all loci in these spontaneous mutated mice were compared to corresponding genetic background controls. The results showed that 40 of the 198 (20.2%) loci were identified as having CMPs in the examined Tg mice strains. The CMP genotypes were either homozygous or heterozygous compared to the background controls. Next, we applied the 40 CMP positive loci in ENU-mutated mice and their corresponding background controls. After that, a general comparison of CMPs that exist among Tg, ENU-treated and KO mouse strains was performed. The results indicated that four (D11mit258, D13mit3, D14mit102 and DXmit172) of the 40 (10%) CMP loci were shared by Tg and KO mice, two (D15mit5 and D14mit102) (5%) by Tg and ENU-treated mice, and one (D14mit102) (2.5%) by all three genetic modifications. Collectively, our study implies that genetic modifications by KO, Tg or chemical mutant can trigger microsatellite CMPs in inbred mouse strains. These shared microsatellite loci could be regarded as "hot spots" of microsatellite mutation for genetic monitoring in genetic modified mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Du
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, School of Basic Medical Science, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
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20
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Walters EM, Wolf E, Whyte JJ, Mao J, Renner S, Nagashima H, Kobayashi E, Zhao J, Wells KD, Critser JK, Riley LK, Prather RS. Completion of the swine genome will simplify the production of swine as a large animal biomedical model. BMC Med Genomics 2012; 5:55. [PMID: 23151353 PMCID: PMC3499190 DOI: 10.1186/1755-8794-5-55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2011] [Accepted: 10/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Anatomic and physiological similarities to the human make swine an excellent large animal model for human health and disease. Methods Cloning from a modified somatic cell, which can be determined in cells prior to making the animal, is the only method available for the production of targeted modifications in swine. Results Since some strains of swine are similar in size to humans, technologies that have been developed for swine can be readily adapted to humans and vice versa. Here the importance of swine as a biomedical model, current technologies to produce genetically enhanced swine, current biomedical models, and how the completion of the swine genome will promote swine as a biomedical model are discussed. Conclusions The completion of the swine genome will enhance the continued use and development of swine as models of human health, syndromes and conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric M Walters
- National Swine Resource and Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
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21
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Generation of minipigs with targeted transgene insertion by recombinase-mediated cassette exchange (RMCE) and somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). Transgenic Res 2012; 22:709-23. [PMID: 23111619 PMCID: PMC3712138 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-012-9671-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2012] [Accepted: 10/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Targeted transgenesis using site-specific recombinases is an attractive method to create genetically modified animals as it allows for integration of the transgene in a pre-selected transcriptionally active genomic site. Here we describe the application of recombinase-mediated cassette exchange (RMCE) in cells from a Göttingen minipig with four RMCE acceptor loci, each containing a green fluorescence protein (GFP) marker gene driven by a human UbiC promoter. The four RMCE acceptor loci segregated independent of each other, and expression profiles could be determined in various tissues. Using minicircles in RMCE in fibroblasts with all four acceptor loci and followed by SCNT, we produced piglets with a single copy of a transgene incorporated into one of the transcriptionally active acceptor loci. The transgene, consisting of a cDNA of the Alzheimer’s disease-causing gene PSEN1M146I driven by an enhanced human UbiC promoter, had an expression profile in various tissues similar to that of the GFP marker gene. The results show that RMCE can be done in a pre-selected transcriptionally active acceptor locus for targeted transgenesis in pigs.
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22
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Galli C, Lagutina I, Perota A, Colleoni S, Duchi R, Lucchini F, Lazzari G. Somatic cell nuclear transfer and transgenesis in large animals: current and future insights. Reprod Domest Anim 2012; 47 Suppl 3:2-11. [PMID: 22681293 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2012.02045.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) was first developed in livestock for the purpose of accelerating the widespread use of superior genotypes. Although many problems still exist now after fifteen years of research owing to the limited understanding of genome reprogramming, SCNT has provided a powerful tool to make copies of selected individuals in different species, to study genome pluripotency and differentiation, opening new avenues of research in regenerative medicine and representing the main route for making transgenic livestock. Besides well-established methods to deliver transgenes, recent development in enzymatic engineering to edit the genome provides more precise and reproducible tools to target-specific genomic loci especially for producing knockout animals. The interest in generating transgenic livestock lies in the agricultural and biomedical areas and it is, in most cases, at the stage of research and development, with few exceptions that are making the way into practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Galli
- Avantea, Laboratorio di Tecnologie della Riproduzione, Cremona, Italy.
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23
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Abstract
Transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) are programmable nucleases that join FokI endonuclease with the modular DNA-binding domain of TALEs. Although zinc-finger nucleases enable a variety of genome modifications, their application to genetic engineering of livestock has been slowed by technical limitations of embryo-injection, culture of primary cells, and difficulty in producing reliable reagents with a limited budget. In contrast, we found that TALENs could easily be manufactured and that over half (23/36, 64%) demonstrate high activity in primary cells. Cytoplasmic injections of TALEN mRNAs into livestock zygotes were capable of inducing gene KO in up to 75% of embryos analyzed, a portion of which harbored biallelic modification. We also developed a simple transposon coselection strategy for TALEN-mediated gene modification in primary fibroblasts that enabled both enrichment for modified cells and efficient isolation of modified colonies. Coselection after treatment with a single TALEN-pair enabled isolation of colonies with mono- and biallelic modification in up to 54% and 17% of colonies, respectively. Coselection after treatment with two TALEN-pairs directed against the same chromosome enabled the isolation of colonies harboring large chromosomal deletions and inversions (10% and 4% of colonies, respectively). TALEN-modified Ossabaw swine fetal fibroblasts were effective nuclear donors for cloning, resulting in the creation of miniature swine containing mono- and biallelic mutations of the LDL receptor gene as models of familial hypercholesterolemia. TALENs thus appear to represent a highly facile platform for the modification of livestock genomes for both biomedical and agricultural applications.
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Hyland KA, Olson ER, Clark KJ, Aronovich EL, Hackett PB, Blazar BR, Tolar J, Scott McIvor R. Sleeping Beauty-mediated correction of Fanconi anemia type C. J Gene Med 2012; 13:462-9. [PMID: 21766398 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.1589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Sleeping Beauty (SB) transposon system can insert defined sequences into chromosomes to direct the extended expression of therapeutic genes. Our goal is to develop the SB system for nonviral complementation of Fanconi anemia (FA), a rare autosomal recessive disorder accompanied by progressive bone marrow failure. METHODS We used a CytoPulse electroporation system (CytoPulse, Glen Burnie, MD, USA) to introduce SB transposons into human lymphoblastoid cells (LCL) derived from both Fanconi anemia type C (FA-C) defective and normal patients. Correction of the FA-C defect was assessed by resistance to mitomycin C, a DNA-crosslinking agent. RESULTS Culture of both cell types with the antioxidant N-acetyl- l-cysteine improved cell viability after electroporation. Co-delivery of enhanced green fluorescent protein (GFP) transposon with SB100X transposase-encoding plasmid supported a 50- to 90-fold increase in stable GFP expression compared to that observed in the absence of SB100X for normal LCL, but in FA-C defective LCL SB100X enhancement of stable GFP-expression was a more moderate five- to 13-fold. SB-mediated integration and expression of the FA-C gene was demonstrated by the emergence of a mitomycin C-resistant population bearing characteristic transposon-chromosome junction sequences and exhibiting a mitomycin dose response identical to that of normal LCL. CONCLUSIONS The SB transposon system achieved stable expression of therapeutic FA-C genes, complementing the genetic defect in patient-derived cells by nonviral gene transfer.
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Tan WS, Carlson DF, Walton MW, Fahrenkrug SC, Hackett PB. Precision editing of large animal genomes. ADVANCES IN GENETICS 2012; 80:37-97. [PMID: 23084873 PMCID: PMC3683964 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-404742-6.00002-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Transgenic animals are an important source of protein and nutrition for most humans and will play key roles in satisfying the increasing demand for food in an ever-increasing world population. The past decade has experienced a revolution in the development of methods that permit the introduction of specific alterations to complex genomes. This precision will enhance genome-based improvement of farm animals for food production. Precision genetics also will enhance the development of therapeutic biomaterials and models of human disease as resources for the development of advanced patient therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfang Spring Tan
- Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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26
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Lee D, Lee J, Yoon JK, Kim NY, Kim GW, Park C, Oh YK, Kim YB. Rapid Determination of Perv Copy Number From Porcine Genomic DNA by Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction. Anim Biotechnol 2011; 22:175-80. [DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2011.595294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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27
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Size matters: versatile use of PiggyBac transposons as a genetic manipulation tool. Mol Cell Biochem 2011; 354:301-9. [PMID: 21516337 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-011-0832-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2011] [Accepted: 04/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Transposons have been promising elements for gene integration, and the Sleeping Beauty (SB) system has been the major one for many years, although there have been several other transposon systems available, for example, Tol2. However, recently another system known as PiggyBac (PB) has been introduced and developed for fulfilling the same purposes, for example, mutagenesis, transgenesis and gene therapy and in some cases with improved transposition efficiency and advantages over the Sleeping Beauty transposon system, although improved hyperactive transposase has highly increased the transposition efficacy for SB. The PB systems have been used in many different scientific research fields; therefore, the purpose of this review is to describe some of these versatile uses of the PiggyBac system to give readers an overview on the usage of PiggyBac system.
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Carlson DF, Garbe JR, Tan W, Martin MJ, Dobrinsky JR, Hackett PB, Clark KJ, Fahrenkrug SC. Strategies for selection marker-free swine transgenesis using the Sleeping Beauty transposon system. Transgenic Res 2011; 20:1125-37. [PMID: 21221779 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-010-9481-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2010] [Accepted: 12/22/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Swine transgenesis by pronuclear injection or cloning has traditionally relied on illegitimate recombination of DNA into the pig genome. This often results in animals containing concatemeric arrays of transgenes that complicate characterization and can impair long-term transgene stability and expression. This is inconsistent with regulatory guidance for transgenic livestock, which also discourages the use of selection markers, particularly antibiotic resistance genes. We demonstrate that the Sleeping Beauty (SB) transposon system effectively delivers monomeric, multi-copy transgenes to the pig embryo genome by pronuclear injection without markers, as well as to donor cells for founder generation by cloning. Here we show that our method of transposon-mediated transgenesis yielded 38 cloned founder pigs that altogether harbored 100 integrants for five distinct transposons encoding either human APOBEC3G or YFP-Cre. Two strategies were employed to facilitate elimination of antibiotic genes from transgenic pigs, one based on Cre-recombinase and the other by segregation of independently transposed transgenes upon breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel F Carlson
- The Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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Clark KJ, Urban MD, Skuster KJ, Ekker SC. Transgenic zebrafish using transposable elements. Methods Cell Biol 2011; 104:137-49. [PMID: 21924161 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-374814-0.00008-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
DNA transposons are effective chromosomal engineering vehicles for making transgenic zebrafish. We describe both autonomous and non-autonomous transposable elements, and we compare and contrast popular transposon systems. The Tol2 system is a robust gene transfer tool and has been selected as the primary transposon platform, facilitating the development of an array of reagents readily shared within the zebrafish community. We present common transposon and transposase vectors within the field based on the Tol2 system. We describe methods with a high success rate of generating transgenic zebrafish using Tol2 vectors, including key quality control steps during the transgenesis process. Together, these data should enable the ready generation of transgenic zebrafish for scientific inquiry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl J Clark
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Addiction Research Center, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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30
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Galli C, Perota A, Brunetti D, Lagutina I, Lazzari G, Lucchini F. Genetic engineering including superseding microinjection: new ways to make GM pigs. Xenotransplantation 2010; 17:397-410. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3089.2010.00590.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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31
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Multhaup M, Karlen AD, Swanson DL, Wilber A, Somia NV, Cowan MJ, McIvor RS. Cytotoxicity associated with artemis overexpression after lentiviral vector-mediated gene transfer. Hum Gene Ther 2010; 21:865-75. [PMID: 20163250 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2009.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Artemis is a hairpin-opening endonuclease involved in nonhomologous end-joining and V(D)J recombination. Deficiency of Artemis results in radiation-sensitive severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) characterized by complete absence of T and B cells due to an arrest at the receptor recombination stage. We have generated several lentiviral vectors for transduction of the Artemis sequence, intending to complement the deficient phenotype. We found that transduction by a lentiviral vector in which Artemis is regulated by a strong EF-1alpha promoter resulted in a dose-dependent loss of cell viability due to perturbed cell cycle distribution, increased DNA damage, and increased apoptotic cell frequency. This toxic response was not observed in cultures exposed to identical amounts of control vector. Loss of cell viability was also observed in cells transfected with an Artemis expression construct, indicating that toxicity is independent of lentiviral transduction. Reduced toxicity was observed when cells were transduced with a moderate-strength phosphoglycerate kinase promoter to regulate Artemis expression. These results present a novel challenge in the establishment of conditions that support Artemis expression at levels that are nontoxic yet sufficient to correct the T(-)B(-) phenotype, crucial for preclinical studies and clinical application of Artemis gene transfer in the treatment of human SCID-A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Multhaup
- Gene Therapy Program, Institute of Human Genetics, Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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Park SJ, Huh JW, Kim DS, Ha HS, Jung YD, Ahn K, Oh KB, Park EW, Chang KT, Kim HS. Analysis of the molecular and regulatory properties of active porcine endogenous retrovirus gamma-1 long terminal repeats in kidney tissues of the NIH-Miniature pig. Mol Cells 2010; 30:319-25. [PMID: 20811814 DOI: 10.1007/s10059-010-0121-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2010] [Revised: 06/10/2010] [Accepted: 06/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The pig genome contains the gamma 1 family of porcine endogenous retroviruses (PERVs), which are a major obstacle to the development of successful xenotransplantation from pig to human. Long terminal repeats (LTRs) found in PERVs are known to be essential elements for the control of the transcriptional activity of single virus by different transcription factors (TFs). To identify transcribed PERV LTR elements, RT-PCR and DNA sequencing analyses were performed. Twenty-nine actively transcribed LTR elements were identified in the kidney tissues of the NIH-Miniature pig. These elements were divided into two major groups (I and II), and four minor groups (I-1, I-2, I-3, and II-1), by the presence of insertion and deletion (INDEL) sequences. Group I elements showed strong transcriptional activity compared to group II elements. Four different LTR elements (PL1, PL2, PL3, and PL4) as representative of the groups were analyzed by using a transient transfection assay. The regulation of their promoter activity was investigated by treatment with M.SssI (CpG DNA methyltransferase) and garcinol (histone acetyltransferase inhibitor). The transcriptional activity of PERV LTR elements was significantly reduced by treatment with M.SssI. These data indicate that transcribed PERV LTR elements harbor sufficient promoter activity to regulate the transcription of a single virus, and the transcriptional activity of PERV LTRs may be controlled by DNA methylation events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Je Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan, 609-735, Korea
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Jakobsen JE, Li J, Kragh PM, Moldt B, Lin L, Liu Y, Schmidt M, Winther KD, Schyth BD, Holm IE, Vajta G, Bolund L, Callesen H, Jørgensen AL, Nielsen AL, Mikkelsen JG. Pig transgenesis by Sleeping Beauty DNA transposition. Transgenic Res 2010; 20:533-45. [PMID: 20803249 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-010-9438-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2010] [Accepted: 08/11/2010] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Modelling of human disease in genetically engineered pigs provides unique possibilities in biomedical research and in studies of disease intervention. Establishment of methodologies that allow efficient gene insertion by non-viral gene carriers is an important step towards development of new disease models. In this report, we present transgenic pigs created by Sleeping Beauty DNA transposition in primary porcine fibroblasts in combination with somatic cell nuclear transfer by handmade cloning. Göttingen minipigs expressing green fluorescent protein are produced by transgenesis with DNA transposon vectors carrying the transgene driven by the human ubiquitin C promoter. These animals carry multiple copies (from 8 to 13) of the transgene and show systemic transgene expression. Transgene-expressing pigs carry both transposase-catalyzed insertions and at least one copy of randomly inserted plasmid DNA. Our findings illustrate critical issues related to DNA transposon-directed transgenesis, including coincidental plasmid insertion and relatively low Sleeping Beauty transposition activity in porcine fibroblasts, but also provide a platform for future development of porcine disease models using the Sleeping Beauty gene insertion technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannik E Jakobsen
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Aarhus, Wilh. Meyers Allé 1240, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
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Carlson DF, Geurts AM, Garbe JR, Park CW, Rangel-Filho A, O'Grady SM, Jacob HJ, Steer CJ, Largaespada DA, Fahrenkrug SC. Efficient mammalian germline transgenesis by cis-enhanced Sleeping Beauty transposition. Transgenic Res 2010; 20:29-45. [PMID: 20352328 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-010-9386-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2009] [Accepted: 03/11/2010] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Heightened interest in relevant models for human disease increases the need for improved methods for germline transgenesis. We describe a significant improvement in the creation of transgenic laboratory mice and rats by chemical modification of Sleeping Beauty transposons. Germline transgenesis in mice and rats was significantly enhanced by in vitro cytosine-phosphodiester-guanine methylation of transposons prior to injection. Heritability of transgene alleles was also greater from founder mice generated with methylated versus non-methylated transposon. The artificial methylation was reprogrammed in the early embryo, leading to founders that express the transgenes. We also noted differences in transgene insertion number and structure (single-insert versus concatemer) based on the influence of methylation and plasmid conformation (linear versus supercoiled), with supercoiled substrate resulting in efficient transpositional transgenesis (TnT) with near elimination of concatemer insertion. Combined, these substrate modifications resulted in increases in both the frequency of transgenic founders and the number of transgenes per founder, significantly elevating the number of potential transgenic lines. Given its simplicity, versatility and high efficiency, TnT with enhanced Sleeping Beauty components represents a compelling non-viral approach to modifying the mammalian germline.
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35
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Establishment of a pig fibroblast-derived cell line for locus-directed transgene expression in cell cultures and blastocysts. Mol Biol Rep 2010; 38:151-61. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-010-0089-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2009] [Accepted: 03/11/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Abstract
Transposons are promising systems for somatic gene integration because they can not only integrate exogenous genes efficiently, but also be delivered to a variety of organs using a range of transfection methods. piggyBac (PB) transposon has a high transposability in mammalian cells in vitro, and has been used for genetic and preclinical studies. However, the transposability of PB in mammalian somatic cells in vivo has not been demonstrated yet. Here, we demonstrated PB-mediated sustained gene expression in adult mice. We constructed PB-based plasmid DNA (pDNA) containing reporter [firefly and Gaussia luciferase (Gluc)] genes. Mice were transfected by injection of these pDNAs using a hydrodynamics-based procedure, and the conditions for high-level sustained gene expression were examined. Consequently, gene expressions were sustained over 2 months. Our results suggest that PB is useful for organ-selective somatic integration and sustained gene expression in mammals, and will contribute to basic genetic studies and gene therapies.
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37
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NAKANISHI H, HIGUCHI Y, KAWAKAMI S, YAMASHITA F, HASHIDA M. Development and Therapeutic Application of Transposon-based Vectors. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2009; 129:1433-43. [DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.129.1433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hideyuki NAKANISHI
- Department of Drug Delivery Research, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University
| | - Yuriko HIGUCHI
- Department of Drug Delivery Research, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University
| | - Shigeru KAWAKAMI
- Department of Drug Delivery Research, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University
| | - Fumiyoshi YAMASHITA
- Department of Drug Delivery Research, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University
| | - Mitsuru HASHIDA
- Department of Drug Delivery Research, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Kyoto University (iCeMS)
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Recent developments in the field of genetic engineering have made it possible to add, delete or exchange genes from one species to another. This technology has special relevance to the field of xenotransplantation, in which the elimination of a species-specific disparity could make the difference between success and failure of an organ transplant. This review focuses on developments in both the techniques and applications of genetically modified animals. RECENT FINDINGS Advances have been made using existing techniques for genetic modifications of swine and in the development of new, emerging technologies, including enzymatic engineering and the use of small interfering RNA. Applications of the modified animals have provided evidence that genetically modified swine have the potential to overcome both physiologic and immunologic barriers that have previously impeded this field. The use of alpha-1,3-galactosyltransferase gene-knockout animals as donors have shown marked improvements in xenograft survivals. SUMMARY Techniques for genetic engineering of swine have been directed toward avoiding naturally existing cellular and antibody responses to species-specific antigens. Organs from genetically engineered animals have enjoyed markedly improved survivals in nonhuman primates, especially in protocols directed toward the induction of tolerance, presumably by avoiding immunization to new antigens.
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Ni J, Clark KJ, Fahrenkrug SC, Ekker SC. Transposon tools hopping in vertebrates. BRIEFINGS IN FUNCTIONAL GENOMICS AND PROTEOMICS 2009; 7:444-53. [PMID: 19109308 DOI: 10.1093/bfgp/eln049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In the past decade, tools derived from DNA transposons have made major contributions to vertebrate genetic studies from gene delivery to gene discovery. Multiple, highly complementary systems have been developed, and many more are in the pipeline. Judging which DNA transposon element will work the best in diverse uses from zebrafish genetic manipulation to human gene therapy is currently a complex task. We have summarized the major transposon vector systems active in vertebrates, comparing and contrasting known critical biochemical and in vivo properties, for future tool design and new genetic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ni
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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40
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Clark KJ, Carlson DF, Leaver MJ, Foster LK, Fahrenkrug SC. Passport, a native Tc1 transposon from flatfish, is functionally active in vertebrate cells. Nucleic Acids Res 2009; 37:1239-47. [PMID: 19136468 PMCID: PMC2651795 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkn1025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Tc1/mariner family of DNA transposons is widespread across fungal, plant and animal kingdoms, and thought to contribute to the evolution of their host genomes. To date, an active Tc1 transposon has not been identified within the native genome of a vertebrate. We demonstrate that Passport, a native transposon isolated from a fish (Pleuronectes platessa), is active in a variety of vertebrate cells. In transposition assays, we found that the Passport transposon system improved stable cellular transgenesis by 40-fold, has an apparent preference for insertion into genes, and is subject to overproduction inhibition like other Tc1 elements. Passport represents the first vertebrate Tc1 element described as both natively intact and functionally active, and given its restricted phylogenetic distribution, may be contemporaneously active. The Passport transposon system thus complements the available genetic tools for the manipulation of vertebrate genomes, and may provide a unique system for studying the infiltration of vertebrate genomes by Tc1 elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl J Clark
- Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108, USA
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41
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Paatero AO, Turakainen H, Happonen LJ, Olsson C, Palomäki T, Pajunen MI, Meng X, Otonkoski T, Tuuri T, Berry C, Malani N, Frilander MJ, Bushman FD, Savilahti H. Bacteriophage Mu integration in yeast and mammalian genomes. Nucleic Acids Res 2008; 36:e148. [PMID: 18953026 PMCID: PMC2602771 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkn801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2008] [Revised: 10/09/2008] [Accepted: 10/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Genomic parasites have evolved distinctive lifestyles to optimize replication in the context of the genomes they inhabit. Here, we introduced new DNA into eukaryotic cells using bacteriophage Mu DNA transposition complexes, termed 'transpososomes'. Following electroporation of transpososomes and selection for marker gene expression, efficient integration was verified in yeast, mouse and human genomes. Although Mu has evolved in prokaryotes, strong biases were seen in the target site distributions in eukaryotic genomes, and these biases differed between yeast and mammals. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae transposons accumulated outside of genes, consistent with selection against gene disruption. In mouse and human cells, transposons accumulated within genes, which previous work suggests is a favorable location for efficient expression of selectable markers. Naturally occurring transposons and viruses in yeast and mammals show related, but more extreme, targeting biases, suggesting that they are responding to the same pressures. These data help clarify the constraints exerted by genome structure on genomic parasites, and illustrate the wide utility of the Mu transpososome technology for gene transfer in eukaryotic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja O. Paatero
- Program in Cellular Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Viikki Biocenter, Biomedicum Stem Cell Center, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Division of Genetics and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Program in Developmental Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Viikki Biocenter, University of Helsinki, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Helsinki, Family Federation of Finland, Helsinki, Finland and Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hilkka Turakainen
- Program in Cellular Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Viikki Biocenter, Biomedicum Stem Cell Center, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Division of Genetics and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Program in Developmental Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Viikki Biocenter, University of Helsinki, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Helsinki, Family Federation of Finland, Helsinki, Finland and Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lotta J. Happonen
- Program in Cellular Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Viikki Biocenter, Biomedicum Stem Cell Center, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Division of Genetics and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Program in Developmental Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Viikki Biocenter, University of Helsinki, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Helsinki, Family Federation of Finland, Helsinki, Finland and Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Cia Olsson
- Program in Cellular Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Viikki Biocenter, Biomedicum Stem Cell Center, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Division of Genetics and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Program in Developmental Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Viikki Biocenter, University of Helsinki, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Helsinki, Family Federation of Finland, Helsinki, Finland and Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Tiina Palomäki
- Program in Cellular Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Viikki Biocenter, Biomedicum Stem Cell Center, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Division of Genetics and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Program in Developmental Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Viikki Biocenter, University of Helsinki, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Helsinki, Family Federation of Finland, Helsinki, Finland and Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Maria I. Pajunen
- Program in Cellular Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Viikki Biocenter, Biomedicum Stem Cell Center, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Division of Genetics and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Program in Developmental Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Viikki Biocenter, University of Helsinki, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Helsinki, Family Federation of Finland, Helsinki, Finland and Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Xiaojuan Meng
- Program in Cellular Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Viikki Biocenter, Biomedicum Stem Cell Center, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Division of Genetics and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Program in Developmental Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Viikki Biocenter, University of Helsinki, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Helsinki, Family Federation of Finland, Helsinki, Finland and Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Timo Otonkoski
- Program in Cellular Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Viikki Biocenter, Biomedicum Stem Cell Center, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Division of Genetics and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Program in Developmental Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Viikki Biocenter, University of Helsinki, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Helsinki, Family Federation of Finland, Helsinki, Finland and Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Timo Tuuri
- Program in Cellular Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Viikki Biocenter, Biomedicum Stem Cell Center, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Division of Genetics and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Program in Developmental Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Viikki Biocenter, University of Helsinki, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Helsinki, Family Federation of Finland, Helsinki, Finland and Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Charles Berry
- Program in Cellular Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Viikki Biocenter, Biomedicum Stem Cell Center, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Division of Genetics and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Program in Developmental Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Viikki Biocenter, University of Helsinki, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Helsinki, Family Federation of Finland, Helsinki, Finland and Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nirav Malani
- Program in Cellular Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Viikki Biocenter, Biomedicum Stem Cell Center, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Division of Genetics and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Program in Developmental Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Viikki Biocenter, University of Helsinki, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Helsinki, Family Federation of Finland, Helsinki, Finland and Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mikko J. Frilander
- Program in Cellular Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Viikki Biocenter, Biomedicum Stem Cell Center, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Division of Genetics and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Program in Developmental Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Viikki Biocenter, University of Helsinki, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Helsinki, Family Federation of Finland, Helsinki, Finland and Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Frederic D. Bushman
- Program in Cellular Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Viikki Biocenter, Biomedicum Stem Cell Center, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Division of Genetics and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Program in Developmental Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Viikki Biocenter, University of Helsinki, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Helsinki, Family Federation of Finland, Helsinki, Finland and Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Harri Savilahti
- Program in Cellular Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Viikki Biocenter, Biomedicum Stem Cell Center, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Division of Genetics and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Program in Developmental Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Viikki Biocenter, University of Helsinki, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Helsinki, Family Federation of Finland, Helsinki, Finland and Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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42
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Whitelaw CBA, Lillico SG, King T. Production of Transgenic Farm Animals by Viral Vector-Mediated Gene Transfer. Reprod Domest Anim 2008; 43 Suppl 2:355-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2008.01184.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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43
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Kong BW, Carlson DF, Fahrenkrug SC, Foster DN. Application of the Sleeping Beauty transposon system to avian cells. Anim Genet 2008; 39:180-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2008.01702.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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44
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Louz D, Bergmans HE, Loos BP, Hoeben RC. Reappraisal of biosafety risks posed by PERVs in xenotransplantation. Rev Med Virol 2008; 18:53-65. [PMID: 17987669 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Donor materials of porcine origin could potentially provide an alternative source of cells, tissues or whole organs for transplantation to humans, but is hampered by the health risk posed by infection with porcine viruses. Although pigs can be bred in such a way that all known exogenous microorganisms are eliminated, this is not feasible for all endogenous pathogens, such as the porcine endogenous retroviruses (PERVs) which are present in the germline of pigs as proviruses. Upon transplantation, PERV proviruses would be transferred to the human recipient along with the xenograft. If xenotransplantation stimulates or facilitates replication of PERVs in the new hosts, a risk exists for adaptation of the virus to humans and subsequent spread of these viruses. In a worst-case scenario, this might result in the emergence of a new viral disease. Although the concerns for disease potential of PERVs are easing, only limited pre-clinical and clinical data are available. Small-scale, well-designed and carefully controlled clinical trials would provide more evidence on the safety of this approach and allow a better appreciation of the risks involved. It is therefore important to have a framework of protective measures and monitoring protocols in place to facilitate such initially small scale clinical trials. This framework will raise ethical and social considerations regarding acceptability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derrick Louz
- GMO office, Substances Expertise Centre of the National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
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Abstract
Swine production has been an important part of our lives since the late Mesolithic or early Neolithic periods, and ranks number one in world meat production. Pig production also contributes to high-value-added medical markets in the form of pharmaceuticals, heart valves, and surgical materials. Genetic engineering, including the addition of exogenous genetic material or manipulation of the endogenous genome, holds great promise for changing pig phenotypes for agricultural and medical applications. Although the first transgenic pigs were described in 1985, poor survival of manipulated embryos; inefficiencies in the integration, transmission, and expression of transgenes; and expensive husbandry costs have impeded the widespread application of pig genetic engineering. Sequencing of the pig genome and advances in reproductive technologies have rejuvenated efforts to apply transgenesis to swine. Pigs provide a compelling new resource for the directed production of pharmaceutical proteins and the provision of cells, vascular grafts, and organs for xenotransplantation. Additionally, given remarkable similarities in the physiology and size of people and pigs, swine will increasingly provide large animal models of human disease where rodent models are insufficient. We review the challenges facing pig transgenesis and discuss the utility of transposases and recombinases for enhancing the success and sophistication of pig genetic engineering. 'The paradise of my fancy is one where pigs have wings.' (GK Chesterton).
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl J Clark
- Department of Animal Science at the University of Minnesota, Fitch Ave, St, Paul, MN 55108, USA
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Baertschiger RM, Buhler LH. Xenotransplantation literature update May-August, 2007. Xenotransplantation 2007; 14:642-52. [PMID: 17991153 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3089.2007.00431.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Reto M Baertschiger
- Surgical Research Unit, Department of Surgery, University Hospital Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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